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Sand animation for preschool children. Sand therapy for preschool children. Games for the development of auditory attention and memory

Do you want to make classes even more interesting and, most importantly, useful for the development of your baby? Then sand animation is exactly what you are looking for.

Sand animation with children

Sand animation, better known as a method of creating sand paintings, is currently inspiring not only art professionals, but also inventive parents and their children. And this is not surprising!

The magical power of sand takes children and adults with it into a special world, a world of magic and miracles, where the author of the picture plays a primary role, on which the further development of the plot depends. Wholly obeying creative inspiration, a person stabilizes his mental state, improves his mood, gets rid of tension and fatigue.

"Building the World"

The idea to use sand in working with children as a psycho-corrective method was embodied in the 1930s by the English psychotherapist Margaret Lowenfeld. Priority in the game was given to the child's tactile interaction with materials: sand, water, and miniature figurines. Children were given the opportunity to independently build their own world, freely playing with the provided material. Subsequently, the technique of M. Lowenfeld received the name - the technique of "building the world."

The idea of ​​"building the world" is a key element in working with preschool children. A child, playing in the sand, builds his own model of the world, transfers his vision, relationships and experiences to it, expresses himself.

The sand is sensitive enough to the touch of hands, magnificent pictures are created from an unformed handful of sand, and if you add dynamics, then short films. Spontaneous images embrace children and take them into the world of creativity and fantasy. More recently, straight lines turn into curls of sea waves washing a rocky shore, a new image is followed by a different, more expressive and emotional one, in this way, with non-verbal expression, the child gets rid of a traumatic situation, while maintaining psychological and somatic health.

It is pleasant to pass it through the fingers, stimulating the nerve endings on the fingertips, sand animation perfects the subtle actions of the hand and, as a result, stimulates speech.

Few people can do sand animation at home. But if you find such a circle in an art school or some Center for Children's Creativity, be sure to send your child there at least for a while. you will not regret. But if you still create conditions at home, then it will take a little. And this "little" can be done with your own hands.

What do you need for sand animation?

Table (tablet) with a glass surface (can be organic) with sides and illumination from below. The sides are needed so that the sand does not pour on the floor. The backlight will make the paintings created from the sand brighter and more embossed. What a great video.

Sand animation and special children

Sand animation is widely used in working with:

  1. hyperactive
  2. autistic
  3. badly spoken guys.

She gives excellent results. Working with sand, the child directs his energy to create sand paintings, while calming down and relaxing, self-regulation mechanisms are activated. Sand helps children express themselves in the language that is available to them, in the language of creativity. At the same time, additional materials in the form of sheets of paper, pencils and an eraser are not needed, it is enough to have sand and a tablet (table).

Classes with a child are accompanied by fairy tales, you can create pictures according to the plot of a fairy tale, or you can invent a plot with your child during the lesson.

Sand painting with a child involves:

  1. The structure of the lesson should be in the interests of the child;
  2. The leading role in the creation of paintings belongs to the child, the adult only offers options for tasks;
  3. There are no rules, frameworks and standards in the creation of paintings, the child expresses himself as he wishes;
  4. An adult supports the child's creative initiative, his own opinion, stimulates a conversation with him with open questions.

By creating sand paintings together with the child, we contribute to the establishment of trusting relationships, their overall development and introduce them to the world of adults.

The silky warm sand is attractive to people of all ages. The feeling of fine loose texture relaxes, liberates, soothes. Therefore, sand fuss is so attractive for preschool children. But not always the price of a vacation allows you to take the baby to the sea several times a year. Based on this, psychologists have developed a program of classes "Sand Therapy".

Program

The Sand Therapy program has been known since 1920 thanks to psychotherapists A. Freud, E. Erickson, and others. In the 1930s, Sand Therapy was formed, which began to be successfully used to solve psychological problems in children and adults.

"Sand therapy" relieves emotional stress, is a means of psychological diagnostics, helps to restore spiritual harmony. In parallel, figurative thinking, imagination, memory, fine motor skills develop. For preschool children, these activities allow you to express fears and concerns without overexertion. Toddlers seem to model anxieties and destroy them, freeing themselves from internal tension.

The training program is aimed at overcoming problems in communication, at the formation of responsibility for the decision and its consequences. "Sand therapy" provides an opportunity for preschool children to get rid of the effects of stress and psychological trauma, increases self-esteem. The price of such classes is the peace of mind and harmony of your child.

Situations in which children simply need classes

  • psychosomatic diseases in children;
  • increased anxiety, aggressiveness;
  • isolation of the child;
  • neurosis;
  • stress as a result of complex family or social conflicts;
  • for children with special needs.

Contraindications to exercise

  • with epilepsy;
  • with pulmonary and skin diseases;
  • with an allergic reaction to dust;
  • with manifestations of hyperactivity.

Stages of therapy

Classes "Sand therapy" involve a gradual transition from one stage to the next in the individual rhythm of the child.

Chaos

This is the initial stage for children, when they throw a lot of toys into the sand without grouping them by size, color, animal, object, etc. This indicates deep inner fears and feelings, confusion.

Struggle

The child begins to divide the figures into opposing groups. Good and evil, bad and good figures appear. Do not rush the baby, offering him a good hero. Let all fears, resentments and doubts spill out. This stage will end with the onset of peace among the warring parties.

Exodus

This is the final stage of peace, balance and harmony. All figures in pairs or small groups. Bright elements appear. Movements become calm and smooth.

Games

Sand therapy classes are children's games that give children the opportunity to express themselves.

"Acquaintance"

Invite the baby to touch the sand, stroke it, dip his hands in the sand. Draw waves and snakes. Make drawings with your palms, fists, edge of the hand, finger.

Comment on feelings, ask leading questions. Suggest bright, joyful and kind associations.

"Rain"

Let the baby pick up sand in a fist and gradually pour it into an open palm or into your hand. This game relaxes, regulates muscle tone.

"Guess what"

The child must recognize by touch the figures buried in the sand. This game develops fine motor skills of hands and imagination, forms self-confidence.

"A funny story"

Lay out the figures in the sand in a certain order, show the child, let them remember. Then bury the toys in the sand randomly. The kid must find the figures in the sand and lay them out in their original order.

"My city"

Let the kid build his favorite city, arrange his favorite figures in it, arrange a place for himself.

Lesson notes

You can study the ready-made notes of the Sand Therapy classes, but it is best to build the logic of the classes yourself, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child or group of children. Your notes will include all the same basic games, but in an individual sequence, at your own pace. The proposed notes will help you find suitable poetic material, nursery rhymes, jokes that will create an atmosphere of goodwill in the classroom.

Pay attention to the inventory that ready-made notes offer. Its price is absolutely affordable. You will need:

  • live (kinetic) sand;
  • sand for a home sandbox or colored quartz sand (the price is indicated on the manufacturers' websites);
  • sand container (sandbox, box, large box, etc.);
  • figurines of animals and fish, plants and men, fairy tale characters and cartoon characters;
  • tapes;
  • shreds;
  • colored stones;
  • cars;
  • locks;
  • towers;
  • bridges, etc.

Prices

For group classes, you need to purchase sandboxes (average price - 3000 rubles) and sets for "Sand Therapy".

I conduct classes for the sand animation class for children from the age of 2 (it's so early! - you say). Later I will describe my approach and some methodological developments in this regard, but for now let's talk about such a wonderful and at the same time difficult age of 3-4 years.

In fact, this is a very important period in the life of a child. It is at this stage that the foundations of the future personality are laid, the prerequisites for the moral, physical and mental development of the baby are formed. In general, the mental development of 3-year-old children is characterized by an active focus on performing actions without the help of an adult, i.e. the desire for independence, the further development of visual-effective thinking and the manifestation of elementary judgments about the environment, the formation of new forms of relationships between children, the gradual transition from single games and games “next to” to forms of joint activity.

The kid often tries to be independent. And not infrequently he does not allow to help and forbids interfering with the drawing on the table. Independence is one of the most important personality traits. With the advent of the tendency to act according to the principle “I myself”, with the right upbringing, the child’s attitude towards people changes noticeably; he begins to establish humane relations with those around him, since the baby is already able to fulfill the instructions of an adult, to help a peer.

This independence is especially manifested in those moments when the child sees something already familiar (already studied). He tries to complete the task as soon as possible (often without thinking about the quality of the work). But this is normal for sand animation, because it is here that the child does not need to be afraid that he may do something wrong. After all, sand is a very malleable material in this respect. It is important to encourage him to independent activity (not to do something for him).

Briefly about the course of the lesson. The duration of the lesson in a group of 3-4 is about 40-45 minutes. This time should be very wisely allocate time. I will describe a brief outline of one lesson:


  • Warm-up for hands. Finger gymnastics goes well here (for example, E. S. Zheleznova). But often I use my own developments (these are all kinds of images, situations and characters). Here our arms are lowered down and suddenly they turn into grass, which stretches to the sky, turning into tall trees. A breeze blew, the trees sway from side to side, then autumn comes (the palms turn into falling leaves), it starts to rain, we tap the tables with our fingers and calm down. Children are happy to complete all the tasks at this stage (if you also connect bright emotional colors of your speech, then this captures even more). The main thing here is not to get carried away and not to delay.


  • Preparation for direct work with sand(roll up your sleeves, turn on the tables, put your hand(s) in the sand). There is a first tactile contact - a very important moment. It’s good if every meeting of a child with sand is an event, and not a well-known and boring fact. Therefore, the whole process from rolling up the sleeves to the first touches must be played with genuine significance (it is important to note that everything necessary must be said before this stage - contact, otherwise it will be very difficult to collect attention). Therefore, if the lesson is preceded by a "demo fairy tale", in no case let you touch the sand.


  • Light, warm-up exercises. It can be anything. From sand dots (pinch) to bombs (a whole fist of sand falls sharply on the table, forming a large spot). Everything goes at a pace, not too long. This stage, as a rule, is not very loved by the child, because it implies a certain routine.


  • Thematic drawings. If the lesson was preceded by a "demo fairy tale" and it was quite simple in execution, then you can go through it in its entirety, adjusting along the way. If there was no fairy tale, then it is enough to choose one or more drawings related to the exercises that you just did. Then the occupation will acquire integrity and movement.


  • Completion of work. At this stage, it is necessary to sum up the results of the work done. The child must understand that he has done a great job. And next time, his skill will only get better. This is necessary, in part, because it is very difficult to fix sand drawings (you can’t take it home, you can’t put it on a shelf).

After a certain number of lessons, you need to sum up. For example, to shoot a simple cartoon made of sand with a child. Where he (the child) will be one of the main performers. One such example is presented below.

Tasya (3 years old). The first cartoon-work after 2.5 months of classes. Story "About the sun and harmful clouds" (Take 1). Happy viewing!

Olga Yudina

Master Class« Sand therapy in kindergarten»

Target: activating the participants, creating a positive emotional mood using the finger painting technique.

Psychologist: Now, I will tell you a fairy tale that we will draw on each other's back. Prepare a sheet of paper, smooth it out (participants stroke the back of the player in front with their palms). Once upon a time there was a boy (draw a person with a finger). He loved to walk in the forest (draw trees). One day he went for a walk (depict walking legs). The bright sun shone (draw the sun on the partner's back). The sunbeams gently caressed his back (stroking each other's backs). Suddenly there were clouds (draw clouds). It started to rain heavily (show raindrops falling). The rain has calmed down. There were big puddles (puddles are drawn). The boy's favorite pastime was to look into puddles and smile at his own reflection. (participants turn to face in a circle and smile at each other).

Theoretical part.

After the game, the psychologist gives a presentation about the sand, and the organization of sand games in groups.

Sand is a unique natural material, fraught with a huge potential for the comprehensive development of the child. When working with sand, sensitive points on the fingertips and nerve endings on the palms are activated. And, as you know, tactile-kinesthetic sensations are directly related to mental operations, to the knowledge of the world.

Sand games contribute to the development of spatial thinking, the formation of mathematical, research, language abilities. Communication with sand gives impetus to the flight of children's creative imagination. game in sandbox does not require special skills and abilities, here you can not be afraid to make a mistake and easily start all over again.

Sand acts like a magnet on children ...

It has a unique property - to ground negative emotions, which, as if "leaving through sand» , thus harmonizes the human condition and activates the resources of self-healing.

The purpose of the lessons sand therapy: Development of the emotional-personal and cognitive sphere of the child using sand games.

Tasks:

1. Contribute to ensuring the psychological well-being and health of children, reducing psychophysical stress, stabilizing the emotional state.

2. Develop mental processes (perception, attention, memory, logical thinking, using non-standard methods, techniques and teaching aids.

3. Awaken speech activity, share your impressions and experiences, enrich your vocabulary.

4. Develop fantasy and imagination, creativity.

5. Improve the skills of positive communication, cooperation, the ability of the child to start a conversation, keep up the conversation.

6. Correction of unwanted forms of behavior (aggressiveness, hyperactivity, isolation, etc.)

Contraindications for use sand therapy

sand therapy cannot be carried out in the following cases:

1. With a very high level of anxiety.

2. With obsessive-compulsive disorder.

3. Allergic to dust and small particles.

4. Pulmonary diseases.

5. Skin diseases and cuts on the hands.

6. Epilepsy or schizophrenia.

sand requirements for sandboxes:

Sand for children's sandbox must be certified.

It must be washed, calcined in the oven or quartz.

This procedure is done at least once every 3-4 months.

It is advisable to update sand in the sandbox once a year.

There are certain rules when working with sand.

It is necessary to prepare children for interaction with sand. To do this, it is better to use an intermediary toy. It could be sand fairy, sandy little people on sticks with different emotions (angry, happy, calm, surprised, boy- Pesoshka or the Sandy Girl. sand little men in the form of pictoramas are best used with children 5-7 years old. For children 3-4 years old, toys are suitable, or sand boys with baby faces. They are the masters of the sand and keep order in sandbox while children play. Before the start of the game, it is necessary to conduct an acquaintance ritual, where the rules for working with sand are discussed.

The game "Let's get acquainted"

Target: introduce children to the rules of the game in sandbox.

Game progress: Comes to visit the children sand fairy, gets acquainted, says that she has girlfriends-grains of sand who love to play with children. Then the children touch the sand with each finger, squeeze it in their fists, pour it out, throw it up, pour it from one palm to the other, make handprints, draw on the sand. The fairy reminds the children that sand is magical only when it is in sandbox, and when it is scattered, it becomes dirty and loses its magical properties.

Then Sandy Fairy introduces children to rules:

1. Take care of the grains of sand - do not throw them out of sandboxes. If by chance sand poured in, show it to an adult, and he will help them get back home. Can't be thrown away sand from the sandbox(tell the story of the grains of sand that got lost and couldn't get back home).

2. Sand grains really don't like being taken into their mouths or thrown at other children. Can't take sand mouth and throw it at other people. They fly away, they are difficult to collect.

3. At the end of the game you need to remove the toys (each toy has its own house).

4. Sand needs to be smoothed out to make it a clean slate.

5. sand fairy loves when children have clean hands and noses. Played with sand - wash your hands and show your clean palms to the mirror.

After the introduction ritual, you can start playing with the children.

For teachers there are three regulations:

Attachment to a child. sand painting, created by the child, contains rich information about his inner world and the current state. Understand the child and his problems by feeling the rhythm sand painting, feeling the unique figurative structure of the picture - all this is included in the concept of attachment.

Sincere interest in the events and plots unfolding in sandbox. One side, teacher this is an inquisitive open traveler who is extremely interested in what is happening in the world that the child created. On the other hand, this is a sage who seeks to find the truth.

Strict adherence to professional and universal ethics. teacher cannot, in the presence of a child, without permission, remove figurines from sandboxes, rebuild the picture or make a value judgment. The inner world of a person is extremely fragile, and only strict observance of the ethical code and high professionalism teacher can protect the child from psychological trauma.

What do you need to play sand?

Sandbox and toys.

toys for sand therapy:

Human characters, dolls, miniature figurines. They can be selected separately, or you can purchase toys in the store in separate thematic groups.

Animal figurines. Figures will come from "Kinder Surprise". It can be wild, domestic, prehistoric animals.

household items: children's tableware, houses, perfume and toilet water bottles, cream boxes.

Fairy tale characters are good and evil.

comic book characters and "cartoon" heroes.

Jewelry, souvenirs.

natural elements: branches, flowers, snags, interesting knots of trees.

All these treasures should be stored in a certain place, as if living in your own house.

Lesson structure:

1. The ritual of entering sand world(touch stimulation: rules of games in the sand, formulation of the topic of the lesson, demonstration sandboxes and toys)

2. The main part of the lesson (new game, exercise in accordance with the objectives of the lesson)

3. Relaxation exercise and construction sand composition(peace)

4. Exit ritual sand world(Reflection of the lesson - results, conclusions).

TYPES OF CLASSES:

1. developing (cognitive) sand games

The goal is to expand the child's ideas about the world around "losing" various life situations

2. Corrective games

The goal is the correction of emotional and volitional disorders (hyperactivity, aggressiveness, anxiety)

Children are learning:

Express your inner world here and now, without fear of condemnation.

Be aware of your emotions and feelings and speak openly about them.

Understand and control your desires and behavior.

Be more self-confident.

Each lesson includes myself:

Games for the development of attention, control over impulsivity and control of motor activity, psycho-gymnastic and body-oriented exercises.

3. Psychoprophylactic games

The goal is to relieve psycho-emotional and muscle tension.

1. Drawing in the sand by breathing through a straw for a cocktail

2. Drawing on very wet sand with a pointed thin object

3. Sand pouring from different containers

4. Building castles out of very wet sand

5. Creating a Magic Circle on the sand using small objects (shells, beads, beans, multi-colored and different-textured sand.

Practical part master class.

And now I suggest you do some tasks. (adults manipulate sand)

When playing with sand (salt, cereals) can perform such exercises:

Glide your palms on the surface of the sand, performing zigzag and circular movements;

Perform the same movements, placing the palm on the edge;

Walk your palms along the laid tracks, leaving traces on them;

Create different bizarre patterns on the surface of the sand (salt) with the prints of the palms, cams, ribs of the palms, try to find the similarity of the patterns with the objects of the surrounding world;

Walk on the surface of the sand with each finger with both hands;

You can group fingers in two, three, four, five;

Play with your fingers on the surface of salt sand, as on a piano keyboard or computer. At the same time, not only the fingers move, but also the hands, making small movements up and down.

The psychologist invites everyone to take part in games that can be used in working with children. They serve as a kind of stimulation of interest. teachers to the organization of play activities with sand in groups.

Arrange stones and natural materials of different structure and size on the sand in a special logical order.

Swipe the figurine sand paths labyrinths.

Lay out a geometric shape with chips.

Sift sand through a sieve.

Draw a pattern with a brush or stick.

Sift sand through a system of funnels, etc.

Find the letters hidden in the sand and make syllables out of them.

An exercise « sand rain»

Teacher slowly and then quickly pours sand from your fist to sandbox, then to the palm of your hand. Children repeat. Then the children close their eyes in turn, put on sand palm with spread fingers, adult sprinkles sand on any finger, and the child names this finger.

An exercise " sand wind" (respiratory). Toddlers learn to breathe through a tube without drawing into it. sand. Older children can be invited to first say a pleasant wish to their friends, give a wish sand country, "blowing it in sand", you can also blow indentations, pits on the surface of the sand. For these games, you can use disposable straws for a cocktail.

Collective game "Make up a story"

Target: development of active speech activity, creative imagination and positive communication skills.

Equipment: pictogram circles by the number of participants, hourglass, sand table, any improvised material that is available, including figurines of people and fairy-tale characters.

Game progress: The psychologist suggests teachers take the circle from the tray. Then turn it over and look. Who has a pictogram with a smile, he becomes a participant in the game. Who has other emotions, that viewer. Psychologist invites teachers approach the sandbox(6-7 people) and create an impromptu scene on sand: clearing, house, lake, forest, apartment, kindergarten, etc.. e. To create a plot, you can use any material and toys. Time to work 3-4 minutes (good for control hourglass) . Then you need to come up with and beat this story all together in roles.

Issues for discussion:

What are your feelings, sensations during the performance of this task?

What age children can this game be used with? Why?

Observation during the game children:

How do children work in a group?

How do they communicate with each other?

Who shows himself as a leader?

Who is leading?

Who plays apart?

Who occupies the entire territory?

Do children hear each other?

Can they resolve the conflict on their own?

Final part (reflection and feedback).

Participants share their experiences. To do this, answer questions:

What gave you Master Class?

Have you made any changes?

Conclusion:

The best toy for children is a pile of sand! Playing with sand soothes and relaxes, positively affects the emotional well-being of children.

The psychologist thanks everyone for the constructive and positive communication, offers to express their attitude to the lesson using the pictogram circles. teachers fix this moment with a pictogram or drawing in sandbox(optional). Thank you for attention!

One of the methods of analytical psychotherapy - sand therapy - allows you to develop the child's imagination, normalize the psycho-emotional state, activate adaptive functions at any age. Art therapists, business coaches, correctional teachers use sand therapy in preschool educational institutions - preschool institutions. To solve each specific problem, various methods of sand therapy are used.

Sand treatment is one of the areas art-therapy.

K. Jung and his followers are traditionally considered the "father" of sand games or sandplay. K.Jung developed the technique of active imagination, which is considered the theoretical basis. emergence sandplay began in the 1920s with the development of Charlotte Buehler's "World Test" which was successfully used as a diagnostic tool in child psychiatry.

In 1930, a new technique appeared, which was implemented by Margaret Lowenfeld, who founded the London Institute, it was she who first placed toy figures in matter. This technique was borrowed from the "world test" Margaret's wards created entire large-scale compositions in the sandbox and called them "My world". Thanks to this, a new method appeared, called "world technology". Dora Kalff, a follower of K. Jung, became the successor of this method in the 50s, combining the "world technique" and the Jungian direction, and thereby creating sand therapy.

Dora Kalff's discovery was that sand Pictures created by children can become a reflection of their thoughts and experiences. Application of this useful The technique has been tested not only on young patients, but also on mature people.

In sandplay, they are used as non-verbal means (when creating a plot) and verbal ( story about the finished picture or inventing a fairy tale that reveals the essence of creation). This method is actively used art- therapists, Helstat specialists, family and child psychotherapists, educators and speech therapist in dow.

Method features

The method is suitable for all age groups. As soon as a person dips his palms into the material, his imagination begins to draw colorful pictures of the golden beach, the bright blue of the sea and the white flakes of clouds slowly floating across the sky. Just as sand allows water to pass through, it also absorbs negative energy. The smallest grains of sand, only connected together in a certain way, allow you to create your own work. They symbolize a life in which a person, arranging events and thoughts in a certain way, gets the desired results.

A complex effect on the human psyche is provided due to tactile stimulation of very sensitive nerve endings of the palms and hands. A state of meditation arises, nervous tension is relieved. According to the images and symbols resulting from the drawing, one can draw conclusions about the specifics of personal problems, identify the needs of a person. Studying the captured, we see a three-dimensional image of the inner world, unconscious problems and conflicts.

The goal of therapy is to develop in the child the acceptance of his own "I", to teach him to trust and love himself.

Tasks of therapy:

  • fostering a positive attitude towards life, towards oneself;
  • fostering responsibility for one's actions;
  • training the ability to trust oneself and exercise self-control over one's actions;
  • treatment of excessive anxiety when planning actions and overcoming obstacles;
  • developing self-confidence.

Method principles

Sand therapy is based on the creation of figures or images on a plane. Initially, you need to test by asking to create your own image and describe it in words. The children's audience sees this as a game, which is actually a powerful diagnostic tool and a corrective technique. You can do it with music or listening to a fairy tale, depending on the task of a particular procedure.

The method is used as an independent or as an integral part of the following areas of treatment:

  • sand art therapy;
  • psychology;
  • speech therapy;
  • development of speech, writing, counting, memory and attention;
  • therapy aimed at developing self-awareness, self-respect;
  • identifying negative thoughts, learning to cope with them;
  • impact on several family members in order to correct behavioral disorders;
  • child psychoanalysis.

Method capabilities

Sand therapy in kindergarten will allow you to cook the very first dinner, build your first house. Being a reflection of the inner world, sand therapy provides the following points:

  1. Creates a natural comfortable environment for the creativity of the child, which stimulates his creative activity.
  2. Revives abstract images, simplifies the ability to understand the addition of letters - into words, numbers - into mathematical operations.
  3. Gives children the opportunity to "live" the situation together with the heroes of fairy tales.
  4. Provides a transition from reality to a fairy tale, makes it possible to check the correctness of the decision in a given situation.

Children with speech disorders have complex emotional disorders, which is expressed in the discrepancy between emotional reactions to a specific situation. This complicates contact with peers, leads to hyperactivity or tightness. This gives rise to the need to include a wide variety of methods in working with children. It has been proven that sand therapy allows you to develop communication skills, teaches you to express and understand yourself, your feelings.

Indications for therapy

There are the following indications for sand therapy:

  • experiencing an age crisis;
  • inability to put into words their experiences;
  • the presence of psychological trauma;
  • inability to independently make a decision;
  • delayed psychoverbal development;
  • emotional retardation, "poorness";
  • psychotherapy of various addictions;
  • reducing tension;
  • development of all kinds of sensitivity;
  • normalization of muscle tone;
  • expanding horizons;
  • increased anxiety, emotional lability.

Relevance sandplay is very high these days. Through tactile Feel not only speech and cognition develop, but also children get rid of unmotivated aggression, the teacher begins to understand his pupils better.

Psychotherapy distributed with the help of sand kindergartens and schools are not universal, but soon this technique will be mandatory for all educationalinstitutions With providing special equipment. It is important to apply this method in working with children with features having onr,zpr, violations vision, cerebral palsy, the disabled. It is enough just to give such children the inclination to build, and they will already begin to create entire universes.

Contraindications

  • attention deficit, hyperactivity;
  • epileptic seizures;
  • psychiatric illnesses;
  • increased anxiety;
  • obsessive-compulsive disorder;
  • dust allergic reactions;
  • lung diseases;
  • skin diseases and hand injuries.

Psychotherapists use the method with children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Class equipment

The following devices are used for the healing game:

  • a waterproof box, the walls of which are painted blue, and the bottom is blue;
  • a special sandbox that changes color - a tablet;
  • clean sand, which during certain games must be moistened;
  • a set of figurines symbolizing buildings, people, animals, cars;
  • symbolic objects that will denote wishes made, chests with treasures, treasures;
  • fairy tale characters - good and evil;
  • religious items and souvenirs;
  • natural objects - shells, twigs, cones;
  • home stuff;
  • bolts, screws;
  • plastic letters and numbers, geometric shapes.

After testing, learning games for preschoolers begin according to needs, age, identified violations, cognitive disorders.

In the future, you can connect interactive, developing activities, and only then - projective games, exercises.

Requirements for a teacher

Starting the game, small hands come into contact with a unique universe. It is necessary to create a friendly, trusting environment, take into account all the nuances of the voice, its timbre, observe the following important parameters:


Sand therapy for preschool children develops fine motor skills of the hand, stimulates blood circulation in the brain, speeds up mental processes, and normalizes psychological reactions. It is necessary to connect the methods of color therapy to this process, since they are powerful signals for the development of personality.

Game techniques

What you need for sand therapy at home

If parents want to organize sandplay at home, then for this they need:

  • pallet;
  • sand;
  • miniature figurines;
  • Pebbles, plants, etc. to create a specific landscape.

Depending on the tasks set, sand therapy can take place in the form of games aimed at:

  • phonemic development;
  • correction of pronunciation of sounds;
  • literacy training;
  • educational games;
  • family sand therapy;
  • projection games.

The lesson includes the following plan:

  1. We introduce the baby to the sandbox, explain that the blue side symbolizes the sky, that you can create any kind of terrain: mountains, deserts, and by pushing the sand apart - the blue sea.
  2. We give you the opportunity to hold in your hands a collection of geometric shapes, animals, household items.
  3. The figures that the baby chooses symbolize his condition today. The most important thing is to ask him to tell what he thinks about the chosen figures.
  4. We carefully observe the baby: how he enters the situation, with whom he identifies himself.
  5. We teach the child to respect the material.
  6. We formulate the topic at the beginning of sand therapy, conduct classes according to the plan, and after its completion it is important to draw a conclusion about the work done, put all the used objects and toys in their places, and clean up after themselves.

Games for the development of auditory attention and memory

  • Games aimed at increasing vocabulary, building detailed phrases.

By the age of three, a person pronounces basic words correctly. Some children speak indistinctly, swap syllables and letters in words, put stresses incorrectly. In the case of an inattentive attitude to problems with speech, by the age of 5, he understands that he is speaking incorrectly and begins to be embarrassed about this, withdraws into himself. You can arrange speech games in the sand. To do this, children draw letters, learn to build syllables and pronounce them loudly or quietly, in a singsong voice, in a whisper.

Having put different figures in the container, we teach the child to name animals, write - what letter his name begins with, and what sounds these animals make. You can play tic-tac-toe.

  • Cognitive geographic games in the sand.

After simple games with building houses, rivers, seas and boats on them, we begin to develop spatial thinking. For classes, a map of the world or continents made independently in the form of a puzzle is suitable. To do this, you need to purchase two identical geographical maps in the store and divide one into 4-6 fragments. We give the baby a sample card and offer to fold the puzzle. Gradually we begin to add continents, oceans. Then we complicate the game by making a "sea" at the bottom of the sandbox, pushing the sand apart. During the game, we pronounce the names of countries, their capitals, find out who lives there. For example, in France the capital is Paris, and the French live there.

For each country, we select characteristic vegetation and animals, placing palm trees, elephants, crocodiles in the sandbox. We explain what a tropical climate is, why birches do not grow there. You can make a trip to the North Pole, having previously made a supply of salt, foam or cotton wool for snow.

  • Fantastic games with transformers on the sand.

We imitate the life of other planets, the lunar landscape, star wars, which will be especially interesting for boys, will help them realize their desire to be a superhero, teach them to fight and win.

Depending on the age of children, in addition to geographical and fantastic, there are the following types of educational games:

  • historical;
  • find logical pairs;
  • learn to eliminate the superfluous;
  • take a tour of the city;
  • count objects, build logical series;
  • learn to navigate: what is - top, bottom, right, left.

Projective games

The peculiarity revealed by Z. Freud to attribute one's feelings and desires to external objects is very helpful in working with children. The child is asked to do the following:

  • describe the existing images on the sand and endow them with some qualities;
  • create a single whole from disparate parts hidden in the sand;
  • come up with a story or a fairy tale with characters and objects from the available figures in the sand;
  • draw a non-existent animal, and others.

It must be remembered that projective methods cannot be unambiguously interpreted, they are socially and situationally determined, aimed at studying the child's personality as a whole. Given that these techniques are not standardized enough, they are used for diagnosis and treatment by psychotherapists.

Sand therapy includes a wide variety of individual and collective games and activities. Illuminated boards or sand of various colors are actively used. This will help the child to express the existing emotional state.

A series of games and exercises with sand from books T. Zinkevich - Evstigneeva "Miracles in the sand" contribute to the development of tactile-kinesthetic sensitivity, fine motor skills, creative imagination, help in the knowledge of one's external and internal world.

Here are some games:

  • Hand prints. With the help of this exercises The baby learns to evaluate sensations. The teacher or parent shows the ward an imprint of his palm
  • on the sand, the patient repeats the same. The hand is pressed in and immersed in the pallet.

First, the leader describes his feelings. He leads his story about sand, what kind of material it is soft or rough, how he feels small particles with his skin. Then follows the story of the kid about the sand.

  • Rain or waterfall. This game is a good tool for relieving muscle tension and aggression. The teacher or leader says that the waterfall has begun. A small person pours sand on the back of the adult's hand, and then he performs the exercise for the baby.
  • Creation of patterns. Draw various patterns on the sand with fingers, fists, brushes, and then tell what the child sees when he looks at them. This can be both flowers and animals, branches, etc. Such an exercise has a positive effect on psycho-emotional the condition of the children.
  • Hide and Seek. The game helps in clarifying the psychological problems of the ward and helping to get rid of them. The preschooler is offered a choice of several items that he must bury in the sand, and then dig up and tell about all the hidden items.
  • Story playback. The psychologist offers the patient to create his own world, using a choice of miniature figurines. If a goal sand therapy - getting rid of aggression, then a small person will choose negative characters and arrange a war and destruction, thereby relieving tension and calming his anger.

Psychologist's advice to parents: how to decipher the signs

From sandplay specialist Ulyana Naumova, you can hear the following:

  • The kid can make any buildings and in the ways he wants, adhering to three main rules: do not pour sand outside the pallet, do not destroy the buildings of other children if he plays in the company.
  • Parents need to keep an eye on what the child builds. For example, if he is building a house, the walls of which are very thick, then he has a desire for security, which he may lack, wants to strengthen his internal boundaries so that everyone notices them and does not cross.
  • Power is a symbol of the fact that he does not have boundaries, which is why there is no comfort.
  • The appearance of candles or a hearth testifies to the lack of warmth and care in the baby. The presence of chaos in the child's play space shows what kind of disorder is inside the patient or portends an immediate start to change.
  • It is also important to observe the game of a small person, asking him questions: why did this particular composition turn out, what significance do all these structures have for him. With the daily construction of the world, the baby's behavior becomes better, sleep becomes stronger, anxiety and tension go away.

Conclusion

Sand painting will help the child relax, it has a fascinating effect on viewers and artists. Sand therapy can be carried out to music and allows you to solve many problems of diagnosis, treatment and development of cognitive abilities. At the same time, almost all types of analyzer organs are involved in the process:

  • vision;
  • hearing;
  • tactile sensitivity;
  • sensory perception.

Sand therapy for preschool children allows you to develop speech, motor skills, hearing, sociability, creativity, creative abilities. In addition, it relieves stress, relieves fears, helps to express internal conflicts and experiences, increase self-esteem. Sand therapy contributes to the formation of self-esteem in a small person, teaches him to understand himself.