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3 days after conception symptoms. Painful sensations in the lower abdomen as a sign of pregnancy. The earliest signs of pregnancy

Women are always promoted! In order to obtain reliable results, the basal temperature is measured in the morning, without getting out of bed (before the measurement, you need to be in a horizontal position for at least 6 hours). The thermometer is inserted into the rectum to a depth of about 5 cm and is not removed for 10 minutes. After the basal temperature does not drop below 37 degrees.

Pay attention to your physical sensations. For example, the perception of food. Aversion to a particular product may appear. Toxicosis is often one of the first signs of pregnancy (nausea, vomiting). But few people know that toxicosis is also fatigue and frequent headaches.

Do not disregard vaginal discharge. After the onset of conception, their number increases sharply. They are usually non-itchy and odorless. It happens that a little mucus of a bloody nature comes out, which it takes for menstruation. This discharge can be either brownish or yellowish.

"Listen" to the sensations in the uterus, as the occasional tingling sensation in the uterus is an excellent indicator of conception. This usually lasts for the first two after pregnancy.

Pay attention to the condition of your breasts. After conception occurs, painful sensations arise in the area of ​​the mammary glands (thus they are prepared for feeding). After a couple of weeks, breast swelling and darkening of the areola (areola) are observed.

note

According to statistics, a healthy married couple who has sexual intercourse 2-3 times a week without using contraception usually takes from six months to a year to conceive. Therefore, do not sound the alarm if the pregnancy did not occur immediately. It is recommended to seek the help of specialists in cases where conception does not occur for two or more years.

Useful advice

In fact, phenomena such as profuse vaginal discharge, nausea, headaches, vomiting, heaviness in the lower abdomen do not always signal pregnancy. There may be completely different reasons for such manifestations. Therefore, in case of serious ailments, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Sources:

  • The first signs of pregnancy
  • Can conception be felt?
  • How is the process of conception
  • how to understand if you are pregnant

Women planning a pregnancy want to know as early as possible if conception has occurred. There are several ways to determine if fertilization happened during this menstrual cycle.

Instructions

Get tested for hCG. Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that is produced in the female body to support pregnancy. Before conception, its level in the blood of a healthy woman should not exceed 5 mU / ml. HCG begins to grow rapidly and its concentration doubles every 2-3 days during the first trimester of pregnancy. Based on the results of a blood test, it is possible to determine whether conception has occurred 7 days after ovulation, i.e. about a week before the expected delay of the next menstruation. In the first 2 weeks after fertilization, the hCG level is between 25 and 156 mU / ml.

Buy a pregnancy test from a pharmacy and do your research. After conception, the level of hCG rises not only in the blood, but also in the urine. The maximum concentration of the hormone is observed in the morning, so the test is best done after a night's sleep. Read the instructions carefully and conduct the research in accordance with it. Some pregnancy tests show reliable results from the 4th day before the start of the delay. If menstruation does not occur for 2-3 days, then the probability of getting the correct test result is about 98%.

After 1-2 weeks after the delay, the gynecologist will be able to determine if you are pregnant during the examination. Approximately 2 weeks after fertilization, the embryo attaches to the uterus, it begins to grow, and an experienced doctor will be able to confirm the fact of conception already 3-4 weeks after the onset of pregnancy.

The most informative results will be shown by ultrasound. This test will show the presence of an embryo in the uterine cavity 2-3 weeks after conception. Thanks to ultrasound, you can exclude an ectopic pregnancy, determine how long the expectant mother is waiting, and by 5-6 you can hear the baby's heartbeat. Some gynecologists do not recommend conducting this study in early pregnancy, unless there are special indications for this, so as not to increase the risk of termination of pregnancy. A woman should do the first scheduled ultrasound examination at 10, i.e. 8-10 weeks after conception.

There are subjective pregnancies: weakness, drowsiness, chest discomfort, slight pulling pains in the lower abdomen. However, most of these symptoms can be observed in a woman before menstruation, so it is difficult to determine exactly if conception has occurred based on such signs.

Scientists have long proven that immaculate conception is not a rare phenomenon for animals. This happens in many invertebrates, and sometimes even in birds and lizards. But is this way of reproduction typical for humans?

What is parthenogenesis?

The term parthenogenesis comes from "parthenos" - virgin, and "genesis" - origin, birth. And it translates as "reproduction". This is a form of sexual reproduction, during which the embryo develops from an unfertilized egg.

Doctors are well aware that in stressful and extreme situations, under the influence of high temperatures, a female egg, even if not fertilized, can begin to divide on its own.

How parthenogenesis occurs

The egg that is ready for fertilization has. During parthenogenesis, 23 female chromosomes divide in half, resulting in the formation of 46 chromosomes in the body, which are necessary for a new life. After that, the embryo develops, and only the female sex.

Scientists believe that this may be due to a bacteria that normally lives in insects. But if it enters the human body, it stimulates the division of the egg. There is a version that this bacterium can live in the human body for a long time and become more active under the influence of high temperatures, for example, while visiting a bath or sauna.

There have been cases of changes in the sex of the embryo in people who have experienced extreme situations or live in hot climates. Interestingly, the male sex of the embryo can change to female, but vice versa - never.

Immaculate Conception or Vicious Conception?

The virgin birth is still a very unexplored phenomenon. Sometimes it is confused with normal conception, for example, there are a large number of cases when girls, being virgins, became pregnant without intercourse. This happens when sperm gets on the girl's genitals, for example, after petting, or if the girl sits on the place where the semen is, or wipes herself off with a towel with traces of semen. It is very difficult to get pregnant this way, but it is still possible. Some sperm are able to penetrate the female body and cover a distance of even 10 cm, and the hymen is not at all an obstacle for them.

The story of a woman who lived in Finland and was divorced is known. After a severe miscarriage, she became childless. Once she had serious problems at work, having come home, she decided to relax and relieve stress by taking a steam bath. Later it turned out that she was. Doctors carried out a thorough examination and came to the conclusion that the woman had been carrying a fragment of the placenta that remained for many years. After severe stress and hot temperatures, he came to life, got into the egg and began to develop.

fertilization- penetration of the sperm into the egg

egg division after fertilization and its movement through the fallopian tubes

In order for it to come ovulation, an immature egg (follicle) in one of the ovaries matures under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone, which is secreted by the pituitary gland. As the follicle matures, luteinizing hormone is produced. Under its influence, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg. This is ovulation, which usually occurs in the middle of every normal menstrual cycle... After ovulation, the egg enters one of the fallopian tubes and from there into the uterus. Usually, an egg is capable of fertilization within twelve hours. If fertilization does not occur during this time, it dies and is excreted during menses along with menstrual flow.

For conception to occur, the sperm must already be in the fallopian tubes at that time when the egg is capable of fertilization. The sperm, being in the genital tract of a woman after ejaculation, usually does not die for another 48-72 hours. Thus, about four days monthly, most favorable for conception.

For conception to take place, the sperm must penetrate the membranes of the egg. A large number of spermatozoa are involved in the dissolution of the outer shell, but only one can connect to the egg. The egg and sperm are combined into one cell (zygote), which divides into two, then four, and so on. Each cell in the embryo contains the mother's and father's chromosomes, which form the child's individual genetic code.

After conception the developing embryo travels through the fallopian tubes into the uterus. The cells continue to divide and form a ball called a morula. After about four days, fluid accumulates in the center of the morula and a cavity is created. This structure is called a blastocyst. After a few days, protuberances called chorionic villi form on the blastocyst. They penetrate into the wall of the uterus and are fixed in it. This process is called implantation. Implantation occurs approximately twenty days after the last menses. In it time after conception the first signspregnancy usually absent.

When planning conception, it must be borne in mind that:


    In one menstrual cycle, a woman can mature several eggs.

Ovulation may not occur mid-cycle. In young girls and in violation menstrual During the cycle, the ovaries often work irregularly, and therefore ovulation may occur sooner or later. The time of ovulation can depend on the emotional and mental state of the woman, which affects the hormonal balance.

Various diseases affect a woman's ability to conceive and the possibility of implanting a fertilized egg in the uterus.

Recently, it is very common asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases and tumors... Even pathological vaginal discharge with such diseases are not always the case. Without analyzes it is difficult to distinguish them from normal discharge. With the latent course of female diseases, there is no stomach ache, bleeding, menstrual irregularities and other symptoms. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Favorable days for conceiving a child

Conception- first stage pregnancy... Sometimes, in order for conception to occur faster, preparation is necessary. To choose fertile days better according to conception calendar... Male sex cells are able to maintain their activity in a woman's body for several days. If during this period there is no ovulation, then conception will not occur, and they will die. The most favorable time for conceiving children- it day ovulation.

Since the life span of an egg is about 12 hours, intercourse in days before ovulation is more preferable for conceiving a child, how after ovulation, since sperm takes about a day to get into the fallopian tube. Define day ovulation and calculate favorable days for conception you can by basal temperature chart, but this method is complex and imprecise. You can also do it yourself in the middle of your menstrual cycle. tests for ovulation and consult a gynecologist who, with the help of an analysis discharge, Ultrasound, hormone tests, will determine the day of ovulation with an accuracy of 1-2 days. Some women subjectively feel ovulation - they feel pain in the lower abdomen, swelling and soreness of the mammary glands, nausea, note the release of ovulatory, viscous, abundant mucus from the genital tract on the day of ovulation. Sometimes discharge during ovulation is bloody... Ovulation can occur on different days for different women. Therefore, after determining the days of ovulation during three menstrual cycles, a woman can make an individual conception calendar.

Conception calendar for ovulation in the middle of the menstrual cycle

Poses for conception

It is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse for 3-5 days before ovulation for sperm maturation. For conception, it is better if the woman lies on her back during intercourse. After finishing it, you can put a pillow under the buttocks and raise your legs. This pose need to save some time. In this case, the cervix will be immersed in the sperm located in the posterior fornix of the vagina. Also facilitate the penetration of sperm into the cervical canal and conception helps the knee-elbow pose during or after intercourse. Most young women who are newly sexually active do not experience orgasm during intercourse. Having an orgasm does not affect conception.

Days before conception and after conception

V days before conception child and after conception, alcohol intake by spouses should be excluded, since alcohol has a damaging effect on female and male reproductive cells. It is necessary to avoid other harmful factors - smoking, household chemicals, X-ray studies, medications. If the spouses are not healthy, it is better to postpone conception until recovery. In case of prolonged use of medications and chronic diseases, you should consult your doctor about their possible effect on conception and pregnancy.

In the days after conception before the delay of menstruation, the first signspregnancy usually absent.

The best time to conceive a child

The biggest plus for conception at any time year is the very fact of pregnancy, especially if it is long-awaited.

Summer conception

At conception in the summer, the first trimester pregnancy falls in summer-autumn, childbirth - in the spring months. The advantages of this time for conception include a good natural vitaminization of the body, the ability to spend more time in the fresh air, a favorable epidemiological situation for acute respiratory infections in the first trimester of pregnancy. But childbirth and the formation of lactation occur in the very hypovitamin season of the year, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient supply of essential nutrients to the female body.

Conception in the fall

The first trimester of pregnancy occurs in the fall-winter months, and childbirth in the summer months. At the same time, there is a good natural vitaminization of a woman's body during conception, before childbirth and during the formation of lactation.

But the first trimester falls on an epidemiologically unfavorable season - outbreaks of influenza, acute respiratory infections. In the first trimester, the fetus is especially vulnerable to infection. This must be taken into account when a woman is prone to colds.

Part of the last trimester of pregnancy will be during hot summers. This should be taken into account by women who do not tolerate heat well and need a lot of fluids. Heat complicates the fight against late toxicosis of pregnancy, worsens the health of the expectant mother, it is difficult to maintain a drinking regime at high temperatures.

Conception in winter

The first trimester of pregnancy occurs in winter-spring, childbirth in autumn. Plus conception at this time is a good natural vitaminization in the last trimester of pregnancy, during childbirth and in the period of lactation.

But the first trimester of pregnancy falls on the peak of epidemic trouble in terms of influenza and acute respiratory infections. Moreover, at this time, as mentioned earlier, the embryo is most sensitive to the effects of infection.

Conception in spring

The first trimester of pregnancy occurs in spring-summer, childbirth in winter. The disadvantages include the peak of hypovitaminization of parental organisms at the time of conception and early pregnancy, an unfavorable epidemic situation in terms of acute respiratory infections and influenza during conception in the first half of spring.

Conception of a child - a boy or a girl.

It is believed that compliance with certain rules before conception guarantees conceiving a child a certain gender. Statistics do not confirm the effectiveness of any of the "popular" methods of planning the sex of the child, the positive results when these rules are observed are random.

All of the following "folk" methods of planning the sex of the child do not have any scientific justification, but with a strong faith in them, they may be effective. You should be especially careful about adhering to the described diets, since none of them is complete in terms of the composition of nutrients, which can adversely affect the health of the mother and child.

Traditional methods of conceiving a boy or girl

For conceiving a boy it is necessary in even years of life to plan conception for odd months or in odd years - for even ones. It is believed that having sex is necessary at night, when there is a month in the sky, and not a full moon, and there is no precipitation. The bedroom should be cool, the window should be open, you should lie with your head to the north, you should put some kind of "masculine" attribute under the pillow - a toy pistol, a typewriter. Couples where the husband is more sexually active than the wife are more likely to conceive a boy. During intercourse, a man should reach orgasm earlier than a woman, and after sex, future parents are advised not to sleep for a long time. Before intercourse, the husband should wash his testicles with cold water, which will increase the activity of the sperm. Before the onset of the important night, at least three weeks a woman should eat meat and fish products, potatoes, mushrooms, drink tea, coffee, forgetting about milk and dairy products, as well as bread and egg yolks. All dishes must be salted.

For conceiving a girl the year and month of the beginning of pregnancy can be both even and odd. The day should be rainy, the phase of the moon is full moon. Sex in these cases should be done in the evening, in a room painted in pink tones, lie with your head to the south, and put a pink ribbon under the pillow. The window must be closed and the air in the room must be scented. Girls are guaranteed to couples where the wife is more sexually active than the husband. In the conception of the girl, adherence to a dairy diet helps, fish, bread, carrots, cucumbers, herbs are allowed, the consumption of dried fruits, meat is limited, carbonated water, salt and spices are excluded. The girl's future father should warm the genitals with warm underwear to reduce the activity of male germ cells.

One of the frequently discussed methods of planning the sex of a child has the resounding name of "blood renewal." It is believed that in men, blood is renewed every 4 years, and in women - every 3 years. If a person has had some kind of operation or blood loss during his life, then the countdown begins not from the birthday, but from the date of this blood loss. Thus, the age or time from the last blood loss is divided by 4 in men, and by 3 in women (with Rh-negative blood in the mother, the opposite is true - in men the denominator will be 3, and in women - 4). Whoever has a larger remainder (mom or dad) has a "younger", stronger blood, therefore, the child will be of the same sex. The method has not received any scientific justification.

Scientifically conceiving a boy or girl

According to statistics, 106 boys are born on average per 100 girls. Even more male embryos are formed, but male embryos, as well as boys of the first year of life, die more often. Dangerous games, male professions, wars, bad habits, often lead to the death of adult men. By reproductive age, the sex ratio becomes approximately 1 to 1.

The sex cells of a man and a woman contain one sex chromosome and 22 somatic (nonsexual) chromosomes - each sperm and an egg contain 23 chromosomes. With the fusion of a sperm and an egg during fertilization, the individual genotype of a girl (46 XX) or a boy (46 XY) is formed. Sex is determined by a combination of two sex chromosomes: girls have a combination of XX, and boys have XY. In a woman, all eggs contain one X chromosome (there are no other sex chromosomes in the female body). Male sperm are of two types: with an X chromosome and with a Y chromosome. If the egg is fertilized by the X-sperm, a girl will be born, if Y is a boy. Thus, the sex of the child depends on the male reproductive cell! Therefore, the pope's claims to his wife about the sex of the child born are completely unfounded. For the same reason, all methods of planning the sex of the child that are related to the expectant mother are unreasonable. A woman can pass on to her child only the X chromosome, and the second chromosome - X or Y, on which it will depend whether a boy or a girl is born, the father of the child passes on.

Some methods of planning a child's gender are based on evidence-based evidence. They are difficult to use for women with irregular cycles, in which it is difficult to determine the exact day of ovulation. In healthy women with a regular menstrual cycle, the date of ovulation may also shift.

    Planning the sex of the child by the date of ovulation.

To increase the likelihood conceiving a boy, it is necessary that sexual intercourse falls on ovulation time... The method is based on the differences between X- and Y-sperm. The X chromosome is significantly larger and the Y chromosome. X-sperm are slower but more viable. Fertilization of an egg with a sperm is possible after it leaves the ovary - after ovulation. If intercourse was a few days before ovulation, then the likelihood of conceiving a girl, because, most likely, only hardy X-spermatozoa remained in the female genital tract, which will receive the honorable mission of fertilization. If future parents manage to abstain from sex for at least a week before the day of ovulation, and sexual intercourse occurs on the day of ovulation, then the likelihood of conceiving a boy increases, since extremely mobile Y-spermatozoa are the first to reach the egg, ahead of the X-sperm. 2-3 days before ovulation, the environment in the vagina is more acidic, which contributes to the rapid death of Y-sperm. During ovulation, the pH of the medium is somewhat alkalized, which contributes to the survival of Y-spermatozoa.


    Dependence of the sex of the child on the sexual activity of the parents.

With frequent intercourse (daily or every other day), boys are more likely to be born because the probability of fertilization with fast Y-spermatozoa is higher. With low sexual activity, the likelihood of a girl being born increases, X-spermatozoa remain viable until ovulation in the woman's genital tract (up to 5 days after intercourse).


    Practical advice.

A woman needs to determine the time of ovulation during several menstrual cycles by the basal temperature chart, an ovulation test, or using a daily ultrasound scan - from about the 10th day of the menstrual cycle until the egg leaves the ovary. With ultrasound, the maturing (dominant) follicle containing the egg is clearly visible. It disappears after ovulation, and a corpus luteum forms in its place. Some women subjectively feel ovulation, for example, feel pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, note the release of ovulatory mucus from the genital tract on the day of ovulation - such mucus is viscous, quite abundant. When planning the conception of a daughter, sexual intercourse should be 2-3 days before the calculated date of ovulation, if you want to conceive a son, you should refrain from sex for at least 2-3 days before ovulation, and sexual intercourse should occur during ovulation.


    Separation of sperm into X and Y using special procedures.

The sperm are separated using laser technology. After performing one of these procedures, the egg is fertilized in a test tube with a selected sperm, an embryo of the desired sex is obtained and introduced into the uterine cavity (in vitro fertilization).

Even this scientifically based method of scheduling a child's gender is not a 100% guarantee. Potential genetic alterations associated with artificial sperm sorting procedures are not fully understood. In the future, it is possible that sperm separation will help solve the problem of preventing hereditary diseases associated with sex.

None of the methods for planning the sex of the child gives a 100% guarantee. The appearance in a family of a healthy child of any gender, a boy or a girl, is a happy event.

Artificial insemination

Intrauterine insemination the sperm of the husband or donor is produced when the immunological incompatibility of the married couple is established or when the fertilizing ability of the husband's sperm is reduced. On the day of the menstrual cycle favorable for pregnancy, pretreated sperm is injected into the woman's uterus. The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility is quite high. It is advisable to repeat the procedure within 4 cycles.

In Vitro Fertilization outside the uterus with the subsequent transfer of embryos into the mother's uterus (IVF) is carried out with persistent obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Those stages of development of the egg and embryo, which normally take place in the fallopian tube in the first 2-3 days after fertilization, with IVF occur in vitro - "in vitro". IVF method consists of several stages:


    diagnostics of the form and causes of infertility

prescribing to a woman drugs that stimulate the growth of several follicles in the egg - induction of superovulation

assessment of the ovarian response to the use of induction using ultrasound and hormonal studies

determining when to puncture the follicles using ultrasound and determining the concentration of hormones

puncture of follicles, extraction of eggs from them, placing them in a special environment

sperm collection and preparation

combining oocytes and sperm cells insemination of oocytes in a test tube and placing them in an incubator for 24-42 hours

transfer of embryos from a test tube to the mother's uterus

prescribing drugs that support implantation and development of embryos in the uterus

diagnosis of pregnancy

management of pregnancy and childbirth

IVF efficiency is currently 30% on average. This is a high percentage, given that the probability of conception in healthy men and women in the same menstrual cycle is about 30%. Due to the high efficiency of IVF today, this method is used in almost all forms of infertility. With IVF, preimplantation diagnosis of hereditary diseases is possible. The incidence of genetic diseases in children born with IVF does not exceed that in children conceived in the usual way.

Surrogacy... The egg obtained from a woman is fertilized with the sperm of her husband. The resulting embryo is transferred to the uterus of another woman, the so-called surrogate or biological mother. A surrogate mother bears a child and after childbirth gives it to the mistress of the eggs - the genetic mother.

Whether it is a desirable pregnancy, or the fear that fertilization has occurred - a woman always wants to know about it as early as possible. And it is right. When the egg is fertilized, there are a number of indirect signs by which conception can be assumed. How to find out that pregnancy has come and what sensations women experience at the same time. But the symptoms are not objective and 100% accurate.

Planning a pregnancy involves knowing when it is most expected and beneficial. And this is the ovulatory period. It lasts about 24 hours and occurs on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. Fluctuations can be several days, because these figures are calculated for a 28-day cycle, and the menstrual cycle can be 21-35 days. Also, various factors can provoke hormonal disorders, which will shift this period. The ovulatory period may be indicated by a change in basal temperature, the determination of luteinizing hormone, an ultrasound examination of the ovaries and follicles in them will help.

Fertilization signs and symptoms

If the sexual intercourse that occurred just fell into the ovulatory period, then pregnancy may have occurred.

Signs of egg fertilization:

  • Implant sensation... After intercourse, very observant women who are trying to find out whether fertilization has occurred or feel a slight tingling or tickling sensation in the lower abdomen. This is due to the implantation (attachment) of the ovum to the wall of the uterus. Pain receptors that are located in the endometrium are irritated when the integrity of the mucous membrane is violated and send an impulse to the brain as light tingling sensations.
  • Bloody issues. At the time of implantation, a zygote (a fused egg with a sperm) is introduced into the wall of the uterus, which will certainly cause minor damage to small vessels. During this process, a few drops of blood are released, which are then mixed with cervical mucus and exited through the vagina. This is similar to spotting, which would be perceived as the beginning of a new cycle. But they go away in 1-2 days.
  • Nausea and vomiting. Most often, these symptoms are observed in the morning hours. Can sometimes be caused by food intake or strong odors. Early toxicosis of pregnant women is due to the restructuring of the hormonal system of a woman, which is preparing for the bearing and development of the fetus. This moment is also the reason for the change and perversion of a woman's taste preferences.
  • Digestive disorders. In order for the uterus to grow and not push the fetus out, a large amount of progesterone is needed, which is produced by the overgrown corpus luteum. Under the influence of progesterone, the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) does not contract and is in a relaxed state all the time. Unfortunately, hormones circulate in the blood throughout the body, and not locally, and progesterone affects not only the female genitals. During this period, a pregnant woman can observe symptoms such as a decrease in appetite, since the digestion of food and the passage of the food lump through the intestines slow down. Constipation or increased frequency of bowel movements is also a common symptom. Progesterone affects each organism and symptoms differently.
  • Decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate. During pregnancy, the circulatory system is one of the first to emerge. And during this period, a woman may notice a slight decrease in pressure. After all, now the blood circulates through 2 circulatory systems: the mother and the unborn child. And the pulse quickens, since the area of ​​the run has increased, but the blood volume remains the same.
  • Decrease in the body's immune properties. To avoid the rejection of the ovum from the wall of the uterus, the body makes a deceptive maneuver and reduces resistance to foreign organisms. After all, the future baby carries only half of the mother's set of chromosomes, the second half remains alien to the body's immune system. Due to this restructuring, the woman is susceptible and susceptible to other diseases. Often during this period, pregnant women suffer acute respiratory diseases (colds), which is not dangerous for the fetus.
  • Delayed menstruation is an indirect sign of the onset of pregnancy. But, unlike the previous points, every woman will notice the failure that occurs when the above moments are individual for each. A delay in menstruation can also be caused by other factors (infectious diseases of the genital tract, hormonal disruptions, stress).
  • Engorgement of the mammary glands and changes in mood. Due to the large amount of progesterone, as with PMS, a woman notices frequent mood swings, irritability, and fatigue. The mammary glands are preparing for future feeding and increase in volume due to the growth of the gland tissue.
  • Ultrasonography... Determination of pregnancy by this method is a reliable sign of pregnancy. We can see the fertilized egg on an ultrasound after the 2nd week of pregnancy. After the 5th week of pregnancy, you can listen to and see the fetal heartbeat on the ultrasound screen.
  • Determination of chorionic gonadotropin. This is the earliest reliable sign of fertilization. It helps to find out if conception has occurred. In a blood test, the level of gonadotropin can determine the onset of pregnancy as early as on the 7th day after conception. In urine, chorionic gonadotropin increases by 3 weeks, it becomes possible to determine conception by a pregnancy test. The more sensitive the test, the lower the amount of the hormone in the urine allows you to establish the moment of fertilization, which occurs at an earlier date.

How fertilization takes place

As described above, the most favorable time for fertilization is the ovulatory period, which lasts 24 hours. Then the egg cell dies and you need to wait for the next maturation.

During this period, the follicle of the second order, which is located in one of the ovaries, bursts under the action of luteinizing hormone, and the mature egg comes out. Within an hour, the egg passes into the oviduct. The anatomical structure of the oviduct is one of the fallopian tubes. If the fertilization of the egg has occurred, then the fertilized egg will move to the uterus in 4 days. And on the 5-7th day, implantation will take place.

The moment of fertilization

It is difficult to call fertilization a moment, since the process lasts up to 12 hours.

After having intercourse, the ejaculate contains over 300 million sperm. Cervical mucus, during its passage into the uterine cavity through the cervix, retains more sperm. Those spermatozoa that have overcome the barrier of cervical mucus are fed by the alkaline environment of the uterine cavity and continue their movement to the fallopian tubes, in one of which an egg has lurked and waits for time to fertilize. Up to this point, about 10,000 spermatozoa remain functional.

On the way to achieving the goal, the process of calcification takes place. It is carried out thanks to the secretion of the female genital tract, which helps to weaken the acrosomal membranes. For this, all the sperm cholesterol is washed out and destroyed. Fertilization is impossible without this process.

An even smaller amount reaches the egg. And only 1, sometimes 2 male germ cells merge with the finished mature egg. For this, the sperm, which has reached the female reproductive cell, begins to secrete a special enzyme, hyaluronidase. This occurs after the destruction of the acrosome, the part of the sperm that contains the enzyme. It allows you to destroy the egg wall. This process is called penetration. Hyaluronidase destroys the zona pellucida and cumulus mass - protective layers.

Interestingly, a sufficient amount of the enzyme for penetration can only be achieved by breaking at least 100 acrosomes. That is, the sperm that reach the egg sacrifice themselves for the sake of one leader, who turns out to be the most agile.

After reaching the goal, a chemical process is triggered, which forms a membrane that prevents other male reproductive cells from penetrating inside.

Zygote formation and further division

When the sperm gets inside during the fertilization of the egg, some changes take place with it. It takes time for the exchange and fusion of DNA - genetic information, thanks to which the baby will develop. During this period, the fertilized egg continues its division and enters the second period of meiosis. When it reaches the required size, the nuclei of the male and female germ cells merge and a zygote is formed.

The zygote contains the genetic material of both parents. Until the moment of attachment to the endometrium, the zygote feeds on amino acids and yolk residues of the egg.

What will be the gender of the child, the sperm decides. The egg cell carries only the X chromosome. A sperm cell can carry an X or Y chromosome.

After a zygote has formed in the fallopian tube, thanks to cilia and wave-like contractions, it is sent to the uterine cavity for further implantation.

During the movement, the zygote begins to divide and turns into a conglomerate of cells - morula. The division takes place over 15 hours. When the morula reaches the required number of divisions, it turns into a blastocyst.

Blastula implantation

Blastula produces chorionic gonadotropin, which stimulates the corpus luteum and prevents it from being rejected. The corpus luteum produces progesterone in large quantities, which promotes relaxation of the uterine sphincter and the unhindered passage of blastula into the uterine cavity. At this time, the future placenta begins to form.

By the time it is ready to penetrate the wall of the uterus, to attach to the endometrium, the blastula develops to a full-fledged ovum. Having attached to the place of the nascent placenta, the ovum begins to feed on substances that the mother's blood brings. They now have the same circulatory system. From this moment, the pregnancy is considered to have occurred. The placenta grows and becomes a full-fledged gland that produces human chorionic gonadotropin. So she informs about the birth of a new life.

On the way to attachment, a healthy embryo begins to form villi through which it will receive nutrients and accumulate substances. They will help dissolve the endometrium at the insertion site.

Attachment occurs 4 days after fertilization. The implantation process itself takes place in 3 stages:

  1. Accession... Once in the uterine cavity, the ovum immediately adheres to the endometrium. Reflexively, after fertilization, the uterus is filled with a special secretion, which presses the embryo against the wall, which facilitates implantation.
  2. Adhesion. The adhesion process is characterized by the active interaction of the embryonic villi with the endometrium of the uterus.
  3. Invasion. This period is also called invasion and investment. The embryo splits the endometrium of the uterus at the site of attachment, reaches the vessels and penetrates into them, forming a full-fledged placenta and the system - mother - placenta - fetus.

Successful implantation signals the birth of a new life. Soon, the woman will feel the first symptoms of pregnancy and gestation, which will be more pronounced than the signs of fertilization. Often a woman already guesses about a future new life thanks to her developed intuition. In fact, nature has thought of this moment too. A dominant focus is formed in the brain, which sends impulses and helps to understand that fertilization has occurred. He guides the woman to the fact that carrying a child is the main goal. From here, maternal love for the unborn child is also formed, the smoothing out of stressful situations and other ways of protection for the full and most favorable development and bearing of the child.

A mechanism regulated by nature itself occurs in the female body birth of a new person... It is difficult to recognize reproductive signals that indicate a successful conception. But some women still manage to notice even the slightest change in their condition and recognize the symptoms of pregnancy in the first days after conception.

When planning a child for a long time, a married couple immediately after sexual contact grabs the express train. But such haste will not give an answer to a worrying question. After all hCG level in a woman cannot increase at one moment, its amount increases gradually throughout the entire period of pregnancy.

The most reasonable time to use the test is the first day of your missed period. But even here there is a risk of getting an unreliable result. Even a woman's menstrual cycle throughout his life passed steadily like a clock. No one is immune from the influence of external factors and a shift in ovulation for several days in advance. Moreover, even if pregnancy does occur, the test will show a negative result. Then you need to wait a few more days and do a re-examination.

When taking a pregnancy test, it is advisable to collect urine in the morning immediately after waking up... It contains a concentrated level of hCG, and the result will be more reliable. This is especially true for those ladies who nevertheless decided not to wait for a delay in menstruation and check their guesses ahead of time.

A woman changes the nature of vaginal discharge, according to which she can suspect pregnancy symptoms in the first days after conception. Under the influence of progesterone from the moment of conception of discharge become viscous and thick, the woman may notice their decrease. This is due to the fact that the vaginal mucosa is being prepared for the anchorage of the fertilized egg. A plug is also formed from the vaginal mucus, the function of which is to close the cervix and thereby protect the fetus from external influences.

At the time of the fixation of the ovum, slight damage to the blood vessels in the uterus occurs. A noticeable drop of blood may appear on the panty liner. In gynecology, such discharge is called " implantation bleeding". Most often, a woman does not even notice him, especially if all the changes fit into the norm.

Dangerous vaginal discharge includes:

  1. White curdled discharge mean that Candida mushrooms have settled in the woman's body. The so-called thrush affects the mucous membrane of the genital organs, from the vital activity of yeast-like fungi, unbearable itching appears in the perineum.
  2. Yellow or green discharge with an unpleasant odor, they signal the presence of an inflammatory process in the genitourinary system. Yellow discharge is also characteristic of various infections of the reproductive system (staphylococcus, E.coli, gonorrhea).
  3. Bloody issues in large volumes with a bright red color - the most dangerous for a pregnant woman. In such a situation, they are already talking about the onset of vaginal bleeding, which may end in a miscarriage. Bloody discharge also occurs with an ectopic pregnancy.

In the early stages, it is very important, if uncharacteristic discharge occurs, to visit a gynecologist to clarify the diagnosis.

Indeed, many changes in a woman's body can speak of serious disorders that can harm a child and even disrupt a pregnancy.


Scientifically, the first 7 days after conception are not considered pregnancy. This is due to the physiological processes in the reproductive function of the female body. So, for 7-10 days, a fertilized egg is only moving into the uterine cavity, where it has yet to gain a foothold. And only after this does the formation of the fetus from the embryo, umbilical cord and placenta begin. This period is very significant in the formation of a new life, because a woman's body at first can perceive the fetus as alien body.

Successful fetal implantation causes hormonal changes in the female body - the level of hCG rises. This hormone contributes to the preservation of the fetus throughout pregnancy. At this time, the woman can already take a blood test in order to confirm the pregnancy.


If a woman plans a pregnancy and monitors any changes in her body, then for her the first signal about the onset of pregnancy becomes delayed menstruation... In other cases, young ladies notice only indirect symptoms of pregnancy in the first days after conception. These include:


In individual cases, a woman may feel a heavier uterus in the first days of pregnancy. This is manifested by heaviness in the pelvic area and a tingling sensation in the uterus.

In a healthy body under the influence of pregnancy reduced protective function... Immunity weakens, exposing the woman to the risk of infection with various seasonal viruses and infections. Of course, you shouldn't panic when you have cold symptoms. But it is quite possible to try to protect yourself from hypothermia. After all, even a harmless cold in the early stages without effective treatment can harm the health of the baby.

Influenza, an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, poses a rather great danger to the developing fetus. This disease may not affect the fetus, but the treatment of a pregnant woman implies taking strong medications... They are necessary to stop the multiplication of the virus and eliminate the occurrence of complications. Such treatment in the early days of pregnancy can lead to spontaneous miscarriage or development of fetal pathologies.

The most dangerous disease for pregnant women is rubella... This viral infection, when ingested, goes directly to the uterus to infect the fetus. The rubella virus can infect any organ of a child and cause pathologies that are incompatible with life. When diagnosed, a woman may offer to have an abortion.

To maintain pregnancy, the body produces progesterone. Under its influence, the bladder also appears, its walls weaken. Due to this, stagnation of urine residues occurs, and together with an increase in the number of bacteria inflammation develops... Therefore, a pregnant woman often faces painful urination, urinary incontinence, and general weakness. In a neglected state, blood may appear in the urine, which means that a serious inflammatory process is taking place in the bladder.

In a recurrent form, cystitis in the early stages manifests itself with less pronounced symptoms.

At the same time, a woman should visit the toilet in time to empty her bladder. Ignoring the urge can lead to excessive relaxation of the muscles of the bladder and pathological changes in its walls. You should also give up spicy and sweet foods, have a more moderate sex life.

We looked at the symptoms of pregnancy in the first days after conception. And what symptoms during pregnancy did you feel in the first days? Leave your opinion or feedback for everyone on the forum.

Every woman is simply obliged to know the signs of pregnancy in the first days after conception. This is important, because then you can give up some bad habits in time, change plans - for example, do not drink alcohol at a festive feast or start going to bed early so that the body has the strength to cope with the upcoming changes.

Physiological features of pregnancy in the first two weeks

The onset of this condition is possible only during ovulation, which normally occurs on about the 14th day after the onset of menstruation. During ovulation, the egg begins to slowly move towards the uterus, during this movement, fertilization takes place. After that, the egg continues to move along the fallopian tube, and after about 7 days the embryo is fixed on the wall of the uterus. From this moment, the development of pregnancy begins - the stage is called embryonic.

How can you accurately determine the onset of pregnancy?

There are three reliable ways to identify a completed conception. The decision which one to use depends on the urgency and importance of the information given.

Visit to the gynecologist

The doctor will conduct a gynecological examination, as a result of which he will give his opinion on the change in the state of the uterus and cervix. The earliest time when a doctor can determine pregnancy in this way is 7-10 days after fertilization, when the embryo has already fixed on the uterine wall.

Perhaps the most reliable method. The terms are the same - 7-10 days after conception.

Test strip

It is also a very accurate method, but you need to know how to use it correctly. The time the test strip will give a correct result is approximately 14 days after fertilization.

The test strip reacts to the presence of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the blood - it is produced by the placenta.

The concentration of the hormone in the blood begins to increase after the embryo is fixed in the uterus and reaches the concentration necessary for the reaction after about 14 days.

If you do the test earlier, then it will not show the presence of pregnancy due to a too low concentration of the hormone. Therefore, it is important to repeat the test every 2 days for a week. The fact is that in the first days the hCG content increases very quickly - every two days its concentration doubles. It is possible to determine the conception that has taken place no earlier than two weeks after fertilization.

Symptothermal method

The reliability of this method is very high, and with the help of it a woman can tell on the second day whether she is pregnant or not. The method is based on daily monitoring of the state of your reproductive system.

Every day, readings of the basal temperature, the state of the mucous membrane of the cervix are taken. The data is entered into a special schedule.

The method allows you to accurately diagnose any changes in the reproductive system. For example, you can know with 100% accuracy that today is the day of ovulation. To use this technique correctly, you must first undergo special training, and then practice observing yourself daily.

From the above, it is necessary to remember: until the egg is fixed in the uterus, it is impossible to determine the onset of pregnancy in the first three ways. And it makes no sense to use a test strip earlier than 14 days after the intended conception.

The main signs in the first few days after fertilization

If there is no urgency, then, observing your body, you can guess about it yourself already at a period of 7-14 days, when the test strip will still be "silent". Consider what symptoms of pregnancy in the early days may depend on the characteristics of the woman's body.

Breast changes

The mammary glands swell, become tight, you can feel distension and tingling in the chest. In this way, the breast can react to ordinary menstruation, but, firstly, with the onset of pregnancy, these manifestations are much brighter, and secondly, they occur earlier than the expected date of the next menstruation.

Drowsiness, dizziness, hot and cold

All these are eloquent signs that a change in the hormonal background in the body has begun. This restructuring begins from about 10-14 days of pregnancy and usually lasts 2-3 months. These symptoms disappear within a week, when the organism adapts to the restructuring process. For everyone, this adaptation occurs in different ways.

You may not feel all of the listed symptoms at all, and you may not pay attention to the drowsiness that has arisen for 3-4 days.

Change in the appearance of the abdomen

When the egg is fixed, the uterus reacts to this by raising a little. Outwardly, this can be seen by the tubercle on the abdomen, which becomes higher. They say "the belly has risen." This subtle change can be observed as early as 8-10 days after the intended conception and usually only in thin women.

Delayed menstruation

If the cycle of menstruation is normal, that is, about 28 days, then the next menstruation comes 14 days after ovulation. And in the case of the onset of conception during ovulation, after 14 days, there is a lack of menstruation.

Small spotting

Occur 7-10 days after fertilization. This symptom is rare. Such discharge occurs due to vascular ruptures at the site of attachment of the embryo to the uterine wall. Lasts 1-2 days.

They usually occur immediately 1-2 days before menstruation. And in case of pregnancy, they may appear at the "wrong" time. They do not last long and usually do not bother much. If there is an assumption that conception occurred, and it is known what day, then it remains to be patient and wait a week, and then intensify self-observation.

If there is drowsiness and nothing else, you should not think that there is a pregnancy. To draw conclusions, it is necessary to note the presence of several signs or, conversely, their absence. Especially if this is the first time and there is no personal experience yet.

How is pregnancy going in the first weeks

So, the pregnancy has come nevertheless. What changes are now taking place in the body, and what conditions can we expect?

Weight change

Normally, the weight should now increase slightly every week. This indicator is compulsorily monitored by a gynecologist when a pregnant woman is registered with a antenatal clinic.

The weight should not grow too quickly, but it should not stand still. In practice, however, anything can happen, even its reduction.

This can be due to high stress at work or at home, as well as stress, lack of sleep and inadequate nutrition.

These are signs of toxicosis in the first trimester. Not everyone has toxicosis, and the exact causes of this condition are still unknown.

Frequent urination

This symptom appears twice during the entire period: in the first trimester and in the second, only the reasons are different. In the first trimester, the reason for frequent urination is a sharp rush of blood to the pelvic organs, as a result of which the kidneys switch to a different mode of operation for a while. Usually this symptom manifests itself for 1-3 weeks.

Light-colored vaginal discharge

This is a discharge of the cervix, they are the norm. During the entire period of gestation, the discharge changes its color and consistency.

The uterus continues to grow

Every week, the gynecologist records the raising of the fundus of the uterus. This is one of the ways to monitor the development of pregnancy.

This happens gradually during the first trimester. The pressure drops from a normal 120/70 to approximately 100/60, but this figure is very individual.

This happens because the volume of blood in the circulatory system of a pregnant woman increases by 1.5 times.

Constipation, flatulence in the intestines

This unpleasant symptom happens due to weak intestinal motility against the background of altered hormonal levels during the period of bearing a child. The fact is that one of the main hormones at this time is progesterone, which has a relaxing effect on smooth muscles, which is primarily necessary to maintain the uterus in a relaxed state.

The action of progesterone also affects the intestines, impairing its peristalsis. To prevent constipation, it is important to adjust your diet.

Also, during pregnancy, a woman's attitude to certain smells may change, a change in taste, an addiction to some product may appear. The latter may indicate a lack of vitamins and minerals. Micronutrient deficiencies can also present with other symptoms. For example, when there is a lack of calcium, muscle cramps can occur.