High-quality, beautiful and fashionable fabric is the key to the success of every garment. Different types of fabrics are easily created due to some features of the raw materials and various weaving weaves that determine their structure, properties, and appearance. What are the names of fabrics and their characteristics, as well as properties? All this will be discussed in this article.

All types of fabrics can be divided according to the types of raw materials: natural, synthetic and artificial.

According to the color scheme, the types of fabrics can be divided into multi-color (mélange, mulled, printed, multi-colored) and monochromatic.

The centuries-old history of weaving has created a huge number of different types of fabrics that amaze with the choice of textures, surface effects, patterns.

Types of fabrics

Openwork is a fabric made of woolen, cotton or silk yarn, which has a see-through ornament.

Angora - made from warm wool of young Angora goats and rabbits bred on farms in Italy, Japan, England, France.

Satin is a plain dyed fabric with a noticeably shiny surface.

Velvet is a soft cotton fabric with a slightly piled surface. It can be patterned or plain dyed.

Batiste is a dense and lightweight, linen or cotton fabric, delicate to the touch, wide plain weave fabric.

Calico is a dense linen or cotton fabric of the type of plain weave, which is produced from carded yarn.

Corduroy is a thick cotton fabric with an interesting split pile, which has pile stripes.

Velor is the common name for materials that have a velvety, piled front surface. This includes not only fabrics (cotton, rayon, wool), but also felt and natural leather. Some countries call velor fabrics such as corduroy and velvet.

Viscose - this is the name of an artificial fiber made from cellulose and fine fabrics based on it.

Veil is a transparent thin fabric made of cotton threads in plain weave.

Gabardine is a half-woolen or pure-woolen fabric of a twill type of weave, on the surface of which there are noticeable diagonal scars. It is highly waterproof and durable due to its uniformity and density of the surface.

Guipure is a beautiful lace fabric made of thin silk or cotton threads, consisting of separate fragments connected by threads.

Denim (i.e. denim) is a cotton fabric in twill or plain weaves that has a high level of density and strength.

Devore is an interesting fabric on which the pattern is obtained by artificial burning (more precisely, chemical etching) of some of the fibers.

Drap is a woolen soft fabric with a very smooth surface, as a result of the roll on which a kind of felt-like covering is formed, which closes the weaving weaves.

Cashmere - semi-woolen or with a diagonal rib across the entire surface. It is made from the wool of the Himalayan goats.

Crepe satin - a thin double-sided fabric made of silk artificial threads: 1 side - satin, 2 - matte with a kind of crepe effect.

Linen is a fabric made from threads that are produced from flax stems.

Organza is a transparent material, hard to the touch, made from chemical fibers or natural silk.

Brocade is a dense fabric of rather intricate workmanship with beautiful patterns of silver and gold threads.

Twill is a fabric made of woolen or silk threads of a twill weave.

Satin is a fabric made of silk, cotton and woolen threads with a shiny surface.

Tweed is a woolen twill weave.

Cotton - pure cotton that is made from a small cotton plant.

Silk is a beautiful lightweight fabric that is made from threads obtained mechanically from silkworm cocoons.

Wool is a warm material formed from natural fibers, which are made from wool of camels, goats, and sheep.

Chiffon is a translucent delicate fabric made of cotton, viscose, silk, or synthetic threads, formed in the process of crepe twisting.

Various types of fabrics for clothing allow designers, fashion designers and seamstresses to create more and more new looks.

Types of fabrics for sewing clothes

Everyone wants clothes to be attractive, fashionable and comfortable and fit their purpose: warm or protect from rain, tight-fitting or beautifully draped. These qualities largely depend on the material from which coats, dresses, suits, jackets or underwear are sewn. What types of fabrics are used to make clothes, how they differ from each other, their main characteristics and properties - about this in detail in our article.

The appearance, structure and quality of materials used for sewing clothes determine the composition of the fibers from which they are made. The following groups are distinguished by the type of feedstock:

1. Natural. In turn, they are subdivided into fabrics of vegetable origin: cotton, linen - and animal: silk, wool.
2. Artificial. They are made by processing natural raw materials, most often wood pulp.
3. Synthetic. They are a product of the chemical transformation of polymers obtained from oil, coal or gas.

As a rule, the materials from which clothes are sewn do not consist of 100% of fibers belonging to the same group. To obtain properties that more fully meet the needs of consumers, blended or combined fabrics are produced.

Every year the list of materials is updated with new names. We will try to understand this variety, focusing on the most common fabrics from each group and considering their advantages and disadvantages.

Natural materials

Thanks to the natural origin of the fibers, natural fabrics are highly valued. They allow the skin to "breathe" freely, do not cause irritation and do not provoke allergic and other diseases. These canvases are so safe that diapers and undershirts for newborns, clothes for expectant mothers, bedding sets and underwear are sewn from them.

Cotton fabrics

Lightweight, soft and pleasant to the touch, cotton clothing is always in demand. This is facilitated by the advantages of the material:

• breathability;
• hygroscopicity;
• high hygienic qualities;
• strength;
• ease of care.

Despite the insignificant thickness, cotton fabrics retain heat well, which is achieved due to the hollow structure of the fibers. Products made from them are inexpensive and available to any category of buyers.

The disadvantages include increased creasing, lack of elasticity and low wear resistance. In addition, fabrics are afraid of excessive dampness, in which mold forms on them, and the fibers become thinner and overheated.

Types of cotton fabrics

To improve the properties of cotton materials, artificial or synthetic fibers are added to them. Some canvases undergo a mercerization procedure - pre-treatment with a solution of caustic soda, due to which they acquire strength and become resistant to premature wear.

The most famous cotton fabrics are:

It's important to know! Clothes made of cotton materials are not too whimsical to care for. It can be machine washed, wrung out and twisted, ironed with a hot iron. However, if the fabric contains synthetic or artificial fibers, then carefully read the description on the tag before putting the product in the machine.

Linen fabrics

Compared to cotton, linen fabrics that are used for sewing clothes appear thicker and sometimes coarser. They are also characterized by all the positive characteristics inherent in natural materials, namely:

• good breathability;
• high thermal conductivity;
• wear resistance;
• hygroscopicity;
• strength.

Interesting fact! Flax fiber has been proven to have antiseptic properties. They destroy pathogenic microorganisms and are not subject to decay. It is not for nothing that since ancient times, linen bandages have always been applied to open wounds.

Unfortunately, during the operation of linen products, problems arise: clothes wrinkle, and when wet, they shrink significantly. In addition, shedding makes it difficult to cut and sew. To reduce the negative characteristics, a small amount of polyester is added to pure flax.

Linen materials are classified according to the weaving method:

• linen. Most fabrics for dresses or suits are formed with it;
• leno. The result is openwork materials for skirts or summer sundresses;
• jacquard. Large-patterned fabric made on special machines with convex patterns or ornaments for sewing elegant clothes;
• translucent. The fabric turns out to be very thin and is used to make individual elements of products - capes, sleeves or inserts.

Clothes made of pure linen can not only be washed at high temperatures, but even boiled. It is best to dry them flat on a horizontal plane. To completely get rid of folds and creases, ironing is combined with steaming.

Woolen fabrics

The raw materials for the production of these materials are wool and down of various animals: rabbits, sheep, llamas, camels and others. They have high heat-saving properties and are quite expensive. Nevertheless, it is these fabrics that take the lead among all fabrics intended for warm clothes, since they have truly unique properties:

• hypoallergenic;
• low crease;
• aeration;
• moisture absorption;
• durability.

The only thing that pure wool lacks is elasticity. This problem is solved by introducing 5-10% elastane into the raw materials, due to which sweaters, sweaters or skirts acquire better fit and elasticity.

Assortment of woolen fabrics

In addition to pure-woolen fabrics, semi-woolen fabrics are also used for sewing clothes, in which cotton, silk or synthetic fibers occupy from 25 to 80%. Depending on the composition, the properties of these canvases also differ.

Interesting to know! In order to understand whether the fabric is 100% wool or has impurities, there is a simple method... You need to pull the thread out of the canvas and set it on fire. Pure wool fiber will burn for a long time with the characteristic smell of singed hair and leave behind a ball that can be easily rubbed with your fingers.

Silk fabrics

Natural silk fabrics look so attractive and sophisticated that they are suitable for clothes worn at various special occasions. In ancient times, only the wealthiest and most titled persons could afford to wear silk things. And even now the fabric made of silkworm cocoons is not a cheap pleasure.

Nevertheless, the high price does not discourage those who value not only the beauty of the material, but also its quality. And natural silk has enough positive properties:

• high hygroscopicity;
• breathability;
• thermoregulation;
• wear resistance;
• durability.

An important fact! Silk fabrics are uniquely hygienic. They literally repel all microorganisms and bacteria and are endowed with the ability to heal small wounds or abrasions on human skin.

Like all beauties, silk is considered a very capricious material. It cannot stand the bright sun, and when wet forms unattractive stains on the surface. The fabric is also very whimsical in care. It is best to wash products by hand and dry away from heating appliances. You need to iron silk items with an iron, setting the regulator to the most gentle mode.

Variety of silk fabrics

Since clothes made from natural silk are not affordable for everyone, many manufacturers seek to reduce the cost of production and add synthetic or artificial fibers. Such canvases are also beautiful, but they can no longer boast of the uniqueness of their properties. They do not have a characteristic iridescent sheen, flow less and drape poorly.

When buying, you should pay attention to the label, since the following types belong to 100% silk fabrics:

From all types of silk fabrics, with the exception of brocade, beautiful lingerie is sewn. It is decorated with embroidery, guipure or lace inserts. Despite the fact that such things have a significant cost, they are always in high demand.

Interesting fact! Few people know that there is another type of natural fabrics - hemp. Made from natural raw materials, hemp clothing is considered the most hypoallergenic and safe. In addition, it is distinguished by increased strength, durability and the body does not "float". Doctors say that wearing hemp underwear helps to eliminate toxins from the body and speeds up metabolic processes.

Artificial fabrics

As mentioned above, materials obtained chemically from natural components are considered artificial. Due to this origin, they are environmentally friendly and do not pose a danger to human health. Their characteristics speak for themselves:

• strength;
• ease;
• fast drying;
• unpretentious care;
• wide range of colors;
• wear resistance.

It is noteworthy that for the production of these materials, not expensive raw materials are used, as is the case with natural linens, but wastes from the woodworking industry, that is, ordinary cellulose. Very often, artificial fibers are introduced into the composition of many cotton or woolen fabrics to give them greater strength and durability.

The main types of artificial fabrics

Clothing made from artificial materials is always in demand among customers. After all, these canvases are attractive in appearance and are quite inexpensive. The list of the most common ones includes the following:

Interesting to know! In addition to the production of clothing, artificial materials are also used as filler for bedding. For example, bamboo pillows and blankets are considered the most environmentally friendly and hygienic, they are able to follow the anatomical contours of a person and thus create ideal conditions for relaxation and good rest.

Synthetic fabrics

The beginning of the era of synthetic materials is considered to be 1938, when the specialists of the chemical concern "DuPont" obtained the first polyamide fibers - the "progenitors" of the famous nylon and nylon. Technological progress does not stand still, and the number of synthetic canvases currently known far exceeds the number of natural and artificial ones.

The properties of these materials depend on the raw materials, but they all have such undoubted advantages:

• high strength;
• abrasion resistance;
• low wear rate;
• durability;
• ease of maintenance.

Of course, synthetics cannot be compared with cotton, silk or wool in terms of the degree of aeration, hygroscopicity or safety. But it has elasticity, extensibility and is not susceptible to mold and bacteria.

Important to remember! Clothes made of synthetic materials are not recommended to be worn in the summer heat, as they are poorly breathable and can create a greenhouse effect. In addition, some tissue builds up static electricity and sparks, which doctors say makes people more tired and irritable.

Assortment of synthetic materials

The low production cost brings synthetic fabrics to the top of sales. Of the large number of "chemical" fabrics, let's pay attention to the most popular ones:

Today, each chemical concern considers it a matter of honor to develop a new synthetic material that would be in demand not only in the textile industry, but also in other industries. At the same time, it is important that the synthesized fibers have not only pre-programmed properties, but also be as environmentally friendly and safe for humans as possible.

Knitted fabrics

The classification of materials that are used for sewing various garments would be incomplete without knitted fabrics. They are knitted on special machines from fibers of various origins: both natural and artificial or synthetic.

Despite the variety of shapes, knitted fabrics have common characteristics. The advantages of knitted materials include:

• pleasant tactile sensations;
• elasticity;
• hygiene;
• wide range of applications;
• practicality;
• ease of care;
• durability.

However, when using low-quality or cheap raw materials, knitted products can quickly lose their shape - they stretch or shrink. In addition, the ability to fit a figure tightly is not always welcomed by owners of curvaceous forms. Nevertheless, there are jerseys in every person's wardrobe.

Variety of knitwear

Most often, in the production of knitted fabrics, mixed raw materials are used. The combination of cotton or woolen threads with polyester and lycra makes the material durable and wrinkle-free, without reducing air exchange and hygroscopicity. The most famous knitted fabrics are as follows:

• diving. This variety is specially designed for sportswear. For its special fit and elasticity, the material is often called "second skin". In addition to swimsuits, leggings, leggings, shaping underwear and gymnastic suits from diving, even ballroom and evening dresses are sewn;
• interlock. Natural dense knitted fabric, from which romper suits, blouses, undershirts and caps for newborns are made. The material has a double-sided structure resembling an elastic band. Interlock also offers cozy and beautiful tracksuits, T-shirts, pajamas, nightgowns and dressing gowns;
• kashkorsa. Elastic 100% brushed cotton fabric can be dyed or melange. It is used for sewing children's clothes;
• waiter. The most common knitwear for the production of underwear and summer clothes. The fabric stretches very well in length and does not stretch in width. Perfectly conducts air and absorbs moisture. It is produced both plain-colored and supplied with various patterns or prints;
• makhra. Knitted fabric with loop pile located on one or both sides. A characteristic feature is increased hygroscopicity, so the fabric is used for sewing bathrobes and other accessories for bathing;
• ribana. Thanks to the special "rubber" knitting, the fabric stretches well in width and keeps its shape perfectly. Sweaters, turtlenecks, tracksuits and hats are made from it;
• fleece. Pile-knit fabric reminiscent of sheared sheep's wool, soft and cozy. Consists of 100% polyester. It retains heat well, is pleasant to the touch and does not require special maintenance. Warm tracksuits, jackets, shirts, children's overalls, pajamas, women's clothing for the home are sewn from fleece;
• footer. It is a thick cotton jersey with a fleece on the seamy side. Very warm, soft and tender. The main application is clothes for the little ones, a variety of sweaters, sweaters, robes and dresses.

It's important to know! In order for jerseys to serve as long as possible, they need to be properly cared for. It is better to wash them using liquid detergents, do not twist, but slightly squeeze and dry in a horizontal position. It is not recommended to hang knitted items on hangers to avoid stretching. For storage, it is advisable to use special bags in which you should put a moth repellent.

The quality, beauty and comfort of clothes largely depend on the material from which they are made. Various types of fabrics produced by the modern textile industry allow you to choose the one that will fully correspond to the purpose of the thing.

Types of fabrics and their characteristics.

High-quality, fashionable and beautiful fabric is the key to the success of any garment. The fabric is created by interweaving warp and weft threads, which are mutually perpendicular to each other, using a loom. Various types of fabrics are created due to the characteristics of the raw materials and weaving weaves, which determine its structure, appearance and properties. What are the types of fabrics and what are their characteristics, properties, weaves? This is what this article is about. We will present the types of fabrics in detailed descriptions and with photos, so that you can navigate this topic.

According to the type of raw material, all types of fabrics can be divided into three large groups: natural, artificial and synthetic. There is also a spinous tissue of mineral origin, but it is used only in construction.

The first group includes fabrics made from plant and animal fibers: cotton, flax, jute, hemp, wool and silk.

Artificial fabrics are obtained from natural substances of organic origin - cellulose, proteins, and inorganic - glass, metal. These are viscose, acetate, fabrics with metallic threads and lurex.

Synthetic fabrics are made from polymer threads. These include: polyamide fabrics - dederon, hemlon, silon; polyesters - tesil, sloters, diolen; polypropylene and polyvinyl fabrics - dralon and cashmilon.

The textured features of various types of fabrics - shine, pile, “sandy surface” - largely depend on the type of weaving.

Simple (smooth or main) weaves of warp and weft threads are plain (taffeta), twill (keeper) and satin (satin). Special weaves have crepe and fine-grained fabrics (canvas). Plaid and striped fabrics have a composite (combined) weave. Fabrics with complex patterns have jacquard weave threads. To create pile fabrics, a weft-pile weave (semi-velvet, velveteen) or a warp-pile weave (velvet, plush) is used. In the manufacture of finely woven fabrics such as drape and some types of silk, a two-layer weave is used, in which two separate fabrics are formed, connected with special weft or warp threads.

According to the color scheme, the types of fabrics can be divided into monochromatic and multi-colored - mélange, printed, multi-colored, mulled.

Over the centuries-old history of weaving, a huge number of different types of fabrics have been created, striking with a variety of textures, patterns and surface effects.

The most famous types of fabrics and their names:

Openwork is a fabric made of cotton, woolen or silk yarn with a see-through ornament. It was very popular in the first half of the 19th century.

Alpaca is a light, soft, thin fabric made of plain or twill weave from the wool of the pet of the same name, which is bred in Peru and Bolivia. A very valuable type of wool.

Angora (Angora wool) - is made from wool of Angora rabbits and goats bred on farms in England, France, Italy, Japan. Used in knitwear production.

Satin is a plain dyed fabric made of silk threads with a shiny satin weave surface. Translated from Arabic, "atlas" means "smooth". In Russia, the atlas has been known since the 15th century: it was widely used to make clothes for the nobility - caftans, ferryaz, zipuns, sundresses and shirts. In modern fashion, it is used to make women's dresses for special occasions, elegant blouses and suits. Satin is also used as a lining fabric.

Types of fabrics - photo: satin fabric, alpaca, velvet, batiste, supplex, boucle, velveteen, velor and viscose.

Acetate silk is silk made from man-made fibers first obtained in 1925 by the chemists Celanese Corp. of America (USA).

Velvet is a cotton, soft fabric with a pile surface. Velvet can be plain dyed or patterned. It is used to make evening dresses and suits, trousers and jackets. Velvet stretch excellently stretches and fits well the figure thanks to the elastic fibers in the fabric. Used for making leggings and sweaters.

Batiste is light and dense, delicate to the touch, cotton or linen fabric of plain weave. The fabric is named after the Flemish weaver Baptiste of Cambrai, who first made it in the 13th century. Blouses, dresses, women's and children's underwear, handkerchiefs are made from cambric.

Brokat is a silk fabric with a smooth cardigan pattern and gold or silver threads (lurex). The latest developments in this fabric are made from synthetic fibers. Brokat is used to make elegant blouses and dresses, as well as men's evening jackets.

Boston is a plain dyed twill weave made of high quality wool with increased wear resistance. Used for making costumes.

Boucle is a thick plain weave fabric made of fancy yarn with large knots in the form of irregular loop-like thickenings, due to which "bumps" are formed on its surface. Used to make women's suits and coats.

Calico is a dense cotton or linen fabric of plain weave, produced from carded yarn. Used to make bed linen.

Corduroy cord is a cotton fabric with a split pile with pile stripes 3-5 mm wide. It can be plain dyed and printed.

Types of fabrics - photo: gabardine fabrics, guipure (lace), tapestry, devoret, jersey, drape, jacquard fabric, georgette, suede.

Corduroy rib is a cotton fabric with a split pile, having pile stripes 1 mm wide. It can be plain dyed and printed.

Velor (from the French Velours - velvet) is a general name for materials that have a pile, velvety front surface. These are not only fabrics (cotton, wool, artificial silk), but also leather and felt. In some countries, velvet is called velvet and velvet.

Viscose is the name of an artificial fiber made from cellulose and fabrics based on it. Viscose was first made in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. In its pure form, it has a number of disadvantages (shrinkage during soaking, low strength), however, in combination with other fibers, high-quality fabrics are obtained.

Veil is a thin, transparent fabric made of cotton threads in a plain weave. Weight of 1 square meter from 60 to 105 g.

Gabardine - (from Spanish - "gabardina" - protection from the elements) - pure-woolen or half-woolen twill weave fabric, on the surface of which there are pronounced diagonal scars. The fabric is highly durable and waterproof due to its density and surface uniformity. It is used for the manufacture of women's and men's suits, coats and raincoats.

Gas is a transparent, almost weightless silk or cotton fabric of a special weave, in which the weft threads and warp keep space. Depending on the specifics of the manufacture, gas was obtained as atlas, linen or twill.

Garus is a type of woolen fabric named after the city of Arras in Flanders, where it was made.

Guipure is a lace fabric made of thin cotton or silk threads, consisting of fragments sewn with a needle or made with bobbins, connected to each other. Today guipure is produced by machine.

Denim (denim) - (from the French De Nim - from Nimes) - cotton fabric of plain or twill weave, characterized by high strength and density. Named after the city of Nîmes, where it was first made. At the beginning it was used for the manufacture of work clothes for gold diggers, nowadays - for everyday denim clothing.

Devore is a fabric on which a pattern is obtained by burning (chemical etching) of a part of the fibers.

Types of fabrics - photo: cashmere, crash, lycra, varnish, linen, organza, brocade, pique, plush fabrics.

Jersey is a knitted fabric (single or double), machine knitted with a small loop step, with high elongation and a smooth surface. Jersey is made from combed wool, sometimes from cotton, silk or artificial fibers. Jersey made of wool was brought into fashion by Coco Chanel.

Drap (from the French Drap - cloth) is a soft woolen fabric with a smooth surface, on which, as a result of the roll, a felt-like covering is formed, covering the weaving weave. Drapes can be one- and two-faced, monochromatic and multi-colored, pile and smooth. Used for sewing men's and women's coats.

Cashmere is a woolen or semi-woolen fabric with a diagonal rib on the surface, made from the wool of the Himalayan goat. The name of the fabric comes from the Indian state of Kashmir, from which fabric was imported to Europe since the 18th century. However, this is also the name of the goat, from whose wool this fabric is made.

Crepe de Chine (fr.Crepe de Chine) is a fabric made from silk threads, produced from raw silk in the warp and silk-crepe in a weft, or fabric from artificial threads, produced from a weakly twisted warp and a high crepe weft (areal density - 130 g / m2). Crepe de Chine has a matte finish.

Crepe georgette is a thin, translucent fabric made of silk threads of a crepe twist at the warp and weft of a plain weave. It is characterized by rigidity, elasticity, flowability of the edges. It is used for making dresses, blouses, and also for decoration.

Crepe satin is a double-sided fabric made of artificial silk threads: one side is satin, the other is matte with a crepe effect. Both sides can be used as front sides.

Crepe-chiffon is a fabric made of natural twisted threads of silk-crepe at the base and weft of a plain weave (areal density 25 g / m2). The fabric has a matte surface, like all crepe fabrics.

Linen is a fabric made from threads produced from flax stems. Linen is a natural material with excellent hygienic properties: it allows air to pass through and pleasantly cools the skin on a hot summer day.

Organdi (from the French Organdi - a fabric of hard dressing) is a thin, transparent, tough cotton fabric, native to Eastern India.

Organza is a tough, transparent fabric made from natural silk or chemical fibers.

Brocade is a complex fabric with patterns of gold and silver threads. It was imported into Russia from Turkey and Iran, later - from France and Italy, and from the 18th century its production was established in Russia.

Pique is a cotton or silk fabric with a complex weave of fibers, which has a characteristic texture of the front side in the form of longitudinal stripes. It is used for making women's dresses, blouses, suits.

Polyamide (nylon) is a synthetic fiber and fabric made of it with high wear resistance and exceptional tensile strength.

Types of fabrics - photo from left to right: poplin, reps, broadcloth, taffeta, tweed, fur, cotton, silk, silk satin.

Polyester is a new synthetic material with good breathability and softness.

Semi-velvet is a dense cotton fabric with a pile surface obtained thanks to a weft-pile weave.

Poplin is a dense plain weave fabric made from cotton, silk or woolen threads. It has a small transverse rib due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is higher than that of the weft threads. Silk poplin is used to make fancy dresses.

Reps is a dense fabric made of cotton, silk and woolen threads, made from combed yarns in the warp and weft, plain weave. The fabric has a “ribbed” texture due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is higher than the density of the weft threads: the surface of the fabric is formed from the warp threads, and the weft threads, being in the middle, form transverse ribs.

Twill is a fabric made of silk or woolen threads of twill weave. Silk twill is an excellent material for lining, and wool is an excellent material for outerwear.

Satin is a fabric with a shiny surface made of silk, cotton and woolen threads of satin weave. Silk satin is a stunningly beautiful material for making wedding and elegant dresses. Home and work clothes are made from cotton sateen. Wool satin is used for outerwear.

Cloth is a dense woolen fabric with a moderately shiny surface, obtained as a result of weaving a carded yarn of medium thickness at the warp and hardware thick yarn in the weft. In the process of finishing, the fabric is piled, then the pile is sheared and pressed in. Cloth is used to make coats and suits.

Taffeta is a dense silk fabric, one-colored or multi-colored, with a "ribbed" texture. Used for ball gowns.

Types of fabrics - photo: wool, chiffon, staple fabric. Weave fabric from left to right: plain, twill and satin weave.

Tweed (English, tweed) - a rough woolen fabric with a twill weave. Named after the river in Scotland, along the banks of which there were textile factories for the production of these fabrics.

Taktel is a fabric made of thin fibers containing 100% cellulose, has high wear resistance, windproofness and good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, “breathes”.

Flannel is a cotton or woolen fabric of rep (weft) or twill weave, which has double-sided rare fleece. Cotton flannel is used to make linen. Soft and warm woolen flannel is used to make men's and women's clothing: suits, skirts, trousers.

Cotton is a natural fiber made from the cotton plant.

Shangzhan is a natural or artificial silk with an iridescent effect, obtained thanks to the multi-colored warp and weft threads.

Cheviot is a single-color, sparse twill woolen fabric that is felted and sheared. It is used for the manufacture of outerwear.

Silk is a lightweight fabric made from threads obtained from silkworm cocoons.

Wool is a fabric made from natural fibers made from wool of sheep, camels, goats.

Chiffon is a very thin, delicate translucent fabric made of silk, cotton, viscose or synthetic crepe twist. The best is silk chiffon - smooth, shiny, flowing.

Plaid is a term for fabric with a large check pattern.

Staple is a soft fabric made of silky cellulose-based fibers with the addition of cotton, has good hygienic properties and is used in the summer range of clothing.

Various types of fabrics allow every woman to find her own unique look and style!

Irina Shestakova for fammeo.ru

Fammeo.ru All rights reserved

Fabric for a dress: types and catalog of materials with names and photos, we will tell you which fabric to choose for a summer dress, we will talk about the best fabrics for sewing. A wide range of dresses in stores is associated not only with a variety of styles, but also with a huge selection of materials for their sewing. Let's consider in more detail (with a photo) what types of fabrics are for a dress and what you should first of all pay attention to when choosing them.

Types of fabrics for dresses

Most often, cotton, linen, wool, silk, viscose and less often synthetics (polyester and mixed materials based on it) are used for sewing dresses. You can find a complete one for dresses on our website.

What are the fabrics for the dress:

Products made from natural fabrics have many unique properties (air permeability, thermal conductivity, hygroscopicity), but they often wrinkle very much, so in some cases it is more practical to use blended, synthetic (, lycra, polyester) or artificial () materials.

What fabric to choose for a dress

Before making the final choice of fabric for a dress, you should evaluate all their properties for compliance with the conditions in which the products will be used.

1. High hygienic requirements are imposed on materials, products from which are intended for everyday wear, including in offices and at home. What fabrics are these dresses made of? Since such clothes will need to be worn for 8 hours in a row, the main requirements for them are breathability and hygroscopicity. Woven fabric should absorb moisture well and bring it out and at the same time allow the skin to breathe.
2. The season also matters. Clothes for summer and winter differ radically, and not only in style, but also in the composition of the fabric for sewing. What fabrics are suitable for a warm dress? For the cold season, natural wool or budget viscose is ideal. These materials have good heat-shielding properties, so in such clothes you can not even be afraid of severe frost.
3. For evening dresses, which are usually worn for no more than 4 hours, hygiene requirements fade into the background. Here it is more important to choose the right style of the product, to pay attention to the appearance and drapery of the product. The best fabrics for an evening dress are satin, silk, velvet, lace.

Before finally deciding which fabric is better to choose for a dress, it is important to carefully evaluate all the pros and cons. Do not forget about how often the product will have to be washed and how difficult it is to take care of it. All these criteria will make it possible to make the right choice in favor of one or another matter. In the "" section, there is even more information about materials for your wardrobe.

Fabric for summer and evening dresses

When, when updating a summer wardrobe, the question arises about which fabric to choose for a summer dress, the answer is known in advance. The best material for a summer outfit can only be natural woven fabric. The leaders in this range are natural silk, linen, cotton, etc. These are materials that have "breathable" properties, they are lightweight, touch the body pleasantly and, moreover, look delicate and graceful. But artificial silk, polyester and other synthetic materials based on it are best avoided.

When choosing an evening dress, you should pay attention to a combined dress made from different fabrics. They may differ in texture and density, but at the same time visually combine with each other. Most fabrics go well with openwork and lace (you can find about them in the "" section, easily combined with satin, etc. A dress made of different fabrics may differ not only in the structure of the fabric, but also in color. A well-chosen combination of colors will help to emphasize dignity of the figure and hide its flaws.

Crepe diving material has recently appeared, and it is also suitable for dresses, read about it in our other article.

Interesting: lace has been a favorite of evening dresses for a long time. This material emphasizes the dignity of the figure, and the whole image makes it more feminine and romantic.

In addition to the topic on the choice of material for a dress, we suggest watching an excellent video:

Blouse fabrics

Atlas - dense silk or semi-silk fabric with a shiny and very smooth surface. Atlas is also used as lining for coats and hats.

Atlas - stretch- a classic among evening fabrics. It is beautiful, comfortable and, among other things, provides a flawless fit.

Atlas - crash- shiny crinkled fabric (with "wrinkles", wrinkled in the longitudinal direction) will look original in a wedding dress. Shiny fabric with characteristic "wrinkled" folds, snow-white or champagne color, is good in itself, so it does not require a complex cut and additional decorations.

Guipure is a common name for a wide variety of laces. This is a rough lace with a relief pattern on a mesh base and lace without a base, as if woven on bobbins. The composition, as a rule, contains polyester and lurex. The latter gives the guipure its characteristic rigidity.

Guipure - metallic- perhaps the most modest of guipures. More dense, less transparent. The interwoven shimmering threads create a characteristic metallic sheen.

Leather - guipure... A guipure cloth is glued onto a thin leather base. The result is a material with a moderate sheen, suitable for an extravagant evening dress.

Lace fabric- transparent openwork fabric with patterns on a mesh background is indispensable for an evening dress. Large matte flowers on a silk mesh, embossed, smooth lace (mesh and pattern are woven at the same time) - there are many options. An evening outfit can be composed entirely of sensual lace, can act as separate elements, for example, lace sleeves or a back.

Crash is a common name for crinkled fabrics. Pressing on thin synthetic fiber materials creates long-lasting wrinkled folds. Usually they are jammed in the lobar direction and are more or less pronounced. Crash fabrics are not ironed.

Lycra- smooth, easily stretchable fabric, translucent, with a shiny coating. Rough to the touch, with characteristic knots, reminiscent of brocade. Lycra with the addition of elastane is an excellent material for a swimsuit. Dense, resiliently elastic, with a noble matte sheen, it will provide the necessary fit and support even for curvy shapes. Lycra made of 100% polyester is a less dense, but no less beautiful option, ideal for a tankini model. You can choose from the classic "bathing" range: pink, black, dark blue, blue.

Lame- a shiny, preppy fabric with metallic and other shiny, spectacular threads.

Organza- the lightest, transparent, but dense material with an iridescent surface. Ideal for both Asian style blouses and sporty anorak blouses with a hood. Organza "Flowers" is a particularly dense, even tough, transparent fabric that perfectly keeps its shape. Especially good for airy decorative scarves. Organza-crash is less transparent, due to the characteristic "wrinkled" surface. Stretch the fabric as little as possible when sewing to prevent wrinkled folds from smoothing out. In order not to stretch the armholes and shoulder seams, the bias tape is tacked when sewing the stitching. Organza polyester - often used for sewing transparent puffy sleeves, as well as for lining under a lace bodice, reinforcing thin laces or puffy cancan petticoats.

Brocade- intricately patterned decorative fabric with a silk base. Contains metallic threads (silver or gold), which give it rigidity, massiveness, flexibility and shine. Used for theatrical costumes or formal wear. Replaced by synthetic fiber fabrics. Lycra brocade is a smooth, heavy fabric that looks like varnish. It does not have the stiffness of classic brocade, it stretches perfectly. Silk brocade is a very dense, heavy, smooth fabric made from 100% silk. Can be jacquard or embroidered. Suitable for a weekend outfit too. Viscose brocade is a gorgeous dense champagne-colored fabric with an unobtrusive pattern and discreet splashes of lurex.

Taffeta-atlas- dense, lightweight, wonderfully rustling fabric with the effect of iridescent colors acts as an alternative to elastic materials for tight-fitting models. It is characterized by some rigidity, thanks to which the clothes keep their shape perfectly. Taffeta-satin is best suited for a blouse that will look decent with or without a jacket.

Fukra- a general name for fabrics with a compressed structure (like an embossed pattern). The most common is taffeta-fukra, costume fur.

Silk- noble fabric with a durable and smooth surface is used for sewing such items as blouses, dresses, scarves, suits. Wet silk is a silk fabric with a slightly fluffy "peach" surface. Such silk is not washed, but dry-cleaned. Silk "Koshibo" is a dense, opaque, matte fabric. Less smooth than classic silks.

Dress fabrics

Viscose- fabrics made of viscose threads are more massive, stiffer in comparison, for example, with natural silk. They have a more pronounced weave due to the thickness of the threads. Viscose is easily wrinkled, prone to shrinkage. Disadvantage: high shedding of threads along the cuts of parts. Viscose-chiffon is a light, translucent, flowing fabric with a noble matte sheen. It captivates with a light "watercolor" pattern, a pleasant silky texture and the opportunity to purchase a companion fabric for it. An excellent option is a blouse and top made of these fabrics. Viscose with the addition of wool and synthetics is suitable for both smart and casual wear. The effect of modesty and sophistication is created by a heterogeneous structure, in which a matte surface is combined with translucent strip inserts. Not an ounce of shine, but it looks quite smart.

Jersey- thin pliable knitted material of those that gently caress the body. Dresses, skirts, jersey jackets look great due to the material's ability to gently fall. Jersey is also very practical: it easily transfers even a long stay in a suitcase and does not require special care. "Beta jersey" - dense material in gold and silver with stains can be interesting for a bathing suit. This fabric cannot be called very practical, but in a bikini from it you will certainly become the queen of the beach!

Jacquard- the collective name of all fabrics, in the pattern of which various types of weaving of threads alternate. The use of different yarns - matte and shiny, light and dark - enhances this effect. The composition of the fabric can be different, but if the name contains "jacquard", then it must be a fabric with a pronounced large pattern.

Georgette- light, very thin, translucent fabric, harsh to the touch. This fabric is similar to crepe georgette. Ladies' elegant dresses and blouses are sewn from it.

Crepe- the general name for all fabrics from twisted (crepe) threads and fabrics of a special crepe weave with a characteristic granular surface. Shirts, bed linen and nightwear, dresses, blouses are sewn from cotton crepe. Wool crepe is suitable for dresses, blouses. Crepe satin is a dense fabric that drapes well. The front side of the crepe is satin smooth and shiny (reminiscent of satin), the back side is matte, with a coarse-grained surface. This effect can be emphasized in the models. For example, use a smooth crepe - satin surface for finishing. Or to sew a suit, in which for a jacket and a skirt choose a matte "seamy" surface of the fabric, and for a top - a smooth, "front". Crepe chiffon is a translucent fabric, denser than classic chiffon, with a characteristic crepe structure. Moss - crepe comes in different densities, some types of this fabric are quite transparent. Has an unobtrusive shimmery shine. Suitable for modest evening dresses and suits. Crepe georgette is a silk fabric, thin, translucent, more shiny than crepe de Chine. Differs in rigidity, elasticity, flowability. Blouses, dresses are sewn from this fabric, and used for decoration. Double crepe is a rather dense, lightweight fabric with a characteristic grained surface. This classic fabric - flexible, sliding - can be matte or softly shimmery. It is very good for summer and elegant wide flowing "gauze" trousers.

Crepe de Chine- silk fabric with a moderate sheen, the surface is fine-grained. Suitable for blouses, dresses.

Linen... It is a durable, low-stretch fabric with an expressive embossed surface, hygroscopic. As a rule, linen is not used in its pure form in the dress group of fabrics. Often found: Linen with lavsan. This is a woolly, beautiful fabric. Does not wrinkle, keeps its shape, but its hygroscopicity is lower. Linen with viscose. Silky fabric, well draped, hygroscopic, but easily wrinkled. Linen with silk is a fabric that combines the positive properties of both natural fibers. Thanks to the presence of linen, this blended material is pleasantly cool, while silk makes it soft to the touch and less wrinkling. This modest-looking fabric is ideal for a sports blouse-shirt, jacket-shirt.

Poplin- dense, smooth, soft tissue with a small transverse scar. Whatever its composition - silk, viscose or synthetic - this is the optimal fabric for feminine dresses and blouses. It has a soft and beautiful flow and has a noble luster. Cotton poplin. Due to the thinness and density, models made of such poplin are especially lightweight and perfectly keep their shape. Plus, this fabric is easy to work with and maintain. Nylon poplin. Soft, lightweight, breathable, does not wrinkle. Combines the highest comfort with a striking modern look. Extremely easy to care for: washable at 30 degrees and does not require ironing. Once dry, poplin clothes can be put on immediately.

Satin- cotton, silk or woolen smooth fabric with a shiny surface. Cotton satin is recommended for dressing gowns, dresses, and work clothes. Elegant ladies' clothes are sewn from woolen satin.

Net- a canvas, consisting of small, delicate cells, resembles tulle and is used to make inserts and some distant dresses, for example, an invisible neckline. Mesh - a stretch with a printed floral pattern, a delicate soft fabric, especially relevant for the coming summer. It perfectly stretches in all directions, is pleasant to the body and reflects the tendencies of lightness and transparency in clothes. The silver-colored mesh-lace features embroidered floral motifs with the addition of lurex on a mesh basis. The pattern, convex on both sides, makes the fabric rather stiff, inelastic, but well-shaped and very elegant.

Taffeta- elegant, crisp fabric, dense to the touch, with a characteristic, pronounced structure - a scar on the surface, "dry" ink and unobtrusive shine. The rigidity is imparted by the finish (chemical treatment) and therefore the taffeta wrinkles a lot. Another drawback is flowability and tendency to shrinkage, which must be taken into account when cutting. Evening dresses and blouses are sewn from it. Covers are used for dresses, for petticoats. Also very suitable for classic evening trousers or stylish 3/4 trousers. Polyester taffeta is a dense, very smooth, wonderfully rustling fabric with a noble shine, it is very suitable for an elegant dress. Viscose taffeta is good for a summer outfit: it is less rigid with a pleasant to the body "cotton" structure and a shimmering shine. Taffeta under the tapestry is another "squeak", which resulted in a new flight of designers' imagination. She makes such adorable vests and bell-skirts! Taffeta welcomes proximity to other exquisite materials, for example, guipure, lace fabric. It can be used in evening trousers and dresses.

Knitwear. Such a multifaceted, but always elastic, flowing, tight-fitting knitwear is indispensable for a slim-line silhouette, which many prefer for an evening dress or suit. Knitted jersey in a modern design - the finest, delicate fabric surprisingly pleasant to the touch. It is capable of both perfectly fitting and flowing softly - it all depends on the silhouette you choose. It can be an open evening dress, a light suit in a sporty style, a top that fits like a second skin. Another plus of this fabric is the fashionable sandy gamut and safari shades. However, juicy padding, various checks and stripes are also waiting for their use. Day-night knitwear is a translucent flowing fabric, which, thanks to the play of light, looks either matte or shiny. Knitwear with lurex is a fairly dense, but lightweight fabric with a glued pattern. There are some interesting finishes: on one, dazzlingly bright paint strokes and stains appear to have been applied by hand; the other - dazzling white - as if densely "dusted" with sparkling frost. Knitwear "Renovella" is a dense lightweight fabric with a slightly velvety surface. Discreet jacquard pattern with "veins" vaguely resembles thin skin. A top or shirt made of this jersey will look great with any warm suit. The traditional combi partner is a tweed two-piece, the current one is satin trousers. Polyester jersey - less elastic, but very effective material. By the way, you will have to jersey with a color for jeans, because super topical denim swimsuits are expensive and not very comfortable to wear. Comfortable, delicate, unpretentious fabric - what could be better for a bathing suit? For bold, relaxed girls - catchy shimmery knitwear. The most extravagant swimsuit will be made of "Halogram" jersey - fabrics with a shiny coating.

Shanzhan. Using differently colored threads in the production of smooth fabrics, an iridescent color effect is obtained - the "shangjang" effect. Such fabric, regardless of its composition, always looks elegant. Blouses, dresses, and even jackets are sewn from it.

Chiffon- a thin flowing fabric made of synthetic or silk crepe twist yarns in plain weave with a characteristic grained surface. Very transparent, like a veil. Now in stores you can find an endless variety of different chiffons. Reversible chiffon is a material consisting of two layers that are loosely connected to each other. The layers are designed in different overlapping tones, forming an interesting play of color and pattern. In our case, these are white exquisite floral motifs on light gray. Flip the fabric over and you get gray on white. Chiffon with embroidery. Usually delicate floral patterns are embroidered with colored, silver or gold threads. Light capes for dresses are sewn from such chiffon. It can also serve as the top of a multi-layer suit. Chiffon with lurex. Semi-transparent and smooth fabric with a soft iridescent sheen. If you look closely, the longitudinal threads of lurex are clearly visible. Chiffon with sequins. If you do not want a blouse or dress to be too "shining" - choose just such a chiffon. Under a lot of small sparkling sequins, the transparent base is not so noticeable. Looks very smart! Satin chiffon combines the best qualities of two materials - transparency and perfect smoothness. The result is a delicate fabric suitable for elegant blouses and dresses. Chiffon - jacquard. It will make a great outfit - and a wedding dress, and evening, and prom. Transparent elements in this fabric are interestingly combined with denser ones, making up an original abstract pattern.

Cotton - stretch- dense, but surprisingly light material. The addition of elastic fibers prevents it from wrinkling. A wide range of colors, based on many bright "summer" shades, makes this fabric universal. Expensive stretch cottons have haute couture moments such as feathers. The plastic fabric that emphasizes the lines of the body looks equally good in seductive tops and in romantic dresses. Not to mention the fact that cotton is one of the most comfortable materials on a hot day.