If the urine is black, there are signs of any disease. Darkening of urine in women. Deciphering the color of urine and possible diseases or conditions

10.10.2019

Normal urine is light yellow to straw yellow due to various pigments, including urobilin and urochrome. A change in its color can be caused by numerous diseases, and not always associated with pathologies of the urinary system.

But in some cases, this situation is due to completely physiological natural factors. Dark urine in women, the reasons for which, as mentioned above, can be different, always requires a doctor's consultation. The formation of urine is a complex physiological process that takes place in functional kidney cells - nephrons. With two-stage filtration, all substances necessary for the vital activity of the body are absorbed. At the same time, excess fluid, ions, and certain toxins are removed.

In the process of urine formation, the kidneys perform the following functions:

regulation of the concentration of ions Na +, K +, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Cl-, bicarbonates, phosphates, etc.;
restoration of acid-base balance, releasing either hydrogen ions or carbonates;
control of the volume of extracellular fluid;
regulation of blood pressure;
elimination of end products of metabolism;
removal of residues of certain drugs and poisons.

That is why it is very important to find out the reason for the appearance of the dark color of urine in women, since in some cases a similar symptom usually manifests itself in the later stages of pathologies, when treatment should be started urgently. Freshly excreted urine should be clear, straw yellow. Certain deviations are allowed.

So, the varieties of the norm are:

short-term changes in the natural physiological shade as a result of dietary habits, excessive or, conversely, insufficient fluid intake, dehydration;
a course of treatment with certain drugs.

In the morning, at the first emptying of the bladder, a very concentrated urine comes out due to the accumulation of salts and pigments. If it then takes on a normal hue, there is nothing to worry about.

A common cause of urine discoloration is non-compliance with the rules for collecting analysis. The fact is that urine pigments are oxidized when exposed to light. In other words, if the patient collected the analysis in a transparent container and left it in direct sunlight for a long time, the urine darkens naturally.

The pathological cause of the dark color of urine in women and men in the overwhelming majority of cases is hematuria, that is, the appearance of blood (or rather, red blood cells). At the same time, urine acquires a brown tint of dark beer or meat slops. Hemoglobinuria is much less common. As a result of intravascular hemolysis, free hemoglobin is excreted by the kidneys. In some people, a similar phenomenon can be observed when overworked from intense and prolonged physical exertion, running, etc.

Sometimes, even by the shade of urine, one can assume the nature of the pathology:

a light brown color, especially if a flocculent sediment or turbidity is clearly visible, usually speaks in favor of a urinary tract infection;
a brown tint with an admixture of red often appears when the epithelium of the ureters, urethra, or the kidneys itself is damaged during the passage of a stone or injury;
a dark brown color is noted against the background of an inflammatory or tumor process in the kidneys, if there is an admixture of a green tint, liver pathology is suspected.

It is extremely rare that urine turns black. Almost always, this symptom indicates a very serious damage to the urinary system, often a tumor or hereditary diseases. However, all these pathologies rarely occur without a pronounced clinical picture. A too light color of urine is also considered a deviation from the norm. This is usually a sign of impaired filtration capacity of the kidneys, which often occurs in diabetic nephropathy.

For medical reasons, a two-glass test is performed to determine the cause of dark urine in women. Its essence is as follows. The patient is asked to take turns urinating in two containers, and it is important that the urine stream is continuous. If the shade is changed only in the first portion, this usually indicates damage to the urinary tract, more often the ureters. The brown color in both jars indicates a more serious pathology. If clots or flakes of dark or red color are found in the urine, the patient is urgently hospitalized.

This symptom sometimes appears with bleeding and rupture of blood vessels surrounding the genitourinary system. Darkening of urine is a rather bad symptom during pregnancy, unless it is, of course, associated with eating certain foods. The fact is that when carrying a child, the load on the kidneys increases, which is why regular laboratory tests are so necessary to assess their work.

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The risk group includes women with chronic or previous pathologies of the urinary system. Timely identification of the cause of dark urine in a pregnant woman plays a very important role. Sometimes serious violations in the work of the kidneys are a direct indication for premature delivery, they can negatively affect the intrauterine development of the fetus. But the early start of treatment, the use of modern antibiotics can correct the situation.

If the color of urine changes during pregnancy, not related to the peculiarities of the diet, it is necessary to urgently consult a gynecologist and nephrologist.

When contacting a doctor with similar symptoms, they always give a referral for a general clinical urine test. This study is simple to perform, performed quickly and provides basic information that allows you to make a preliminary diagnosis and determine the direction of further examination of the patient.

What do the numerous points in the analysis form mean:

The amount of urine. As such, there are no norms for this indicator; in this column, the laboratory assistant denotes the volume of urine transferred for research. But if a person has difficulty passing urine in the morning, this indicates either extreme dehydration or severe kidney damage.
Colour. As mentioned above, it should normally be yellow.
Transparency. Clouding of urine is sometimes the result of a violation of the rules for passing the test. However, this is common with concomitant leukocyturia.
Relative density. This is an indicator that determines the concentration function of the kidneys, in other words, their work during the filtration of primary and secondary urine. The density increases with the appearance of sugar, leukocytes and other corpuscles. Normally, it is 1.010 - 1.020.
PH reaction. Normally, urine has a slightly acidic reaction with pH values of 4.0-7.0. A change up or down usually occurs with metabolic disorders, which increases the risk of developing urolithiasis.
Protein. Normally, this indicator does not exceed 0.033 g / l, proteinuria always indicates renal pathology.
Glucose. A healthy person should not have it, but the permissible limits are up to 0.8 mmol / l. Usually, this value is exceeded due to diabetes mellitus or excessive consumption of sweets at night or in the morning before taking the test.
Ketone bodies, are indicators of the correct course of metabolic processes in the body. They are normally absent. A positive result is possible with prolonged fasting, vomiting, intoxication, diabetes, lesions of the pancreas.
Bilirubin. It is one of the main components of bile. It enters the urine only with liver pathologies.
Urobilinogen. Also synthesized by liver cells. A positive test result usually indicates bowel disease.
Hemoglobin. Normally, it is located inside red blood cells and takes part in the transport of oxygen. But with a massive breakdown of red blood cells, it does not have time to transform in the liver and spleen, which becomes the reason for its excretion through the kidneys. In urine, it appears in case of severe poisoning, blood transfusion, injuries accompanied by rupture of organs and muscle tissue, burns.

Clinical analysis to identify the causes of dark urine in women or other pathologies always includes microscopic examination of the sediment. To do this, the urine is allowed to settle for 1-2 hours, then the settled elements are collected with a pipette. The resulting liquid is placed in a centrifuge, and a dry sediment is examined under a microscope and the cells that fall into the field of view are counted (in the form, they are abbreviated as p / s).

Red blood cells. It is their presence that gives the urine a brown color. Normally, their number should not exceed 3.
Epithelial cells. In women, they often enter the urine from the vagina, so this indicator is not considered a diagnostic criterion.
Cylinders. Normally, the presence of single hyaline cylinders is allowed, the appearance of waxy, erythrocytic, granular and epithelial is a sign of a pathological process in the kidneys.
Salts. Normally they are not. Their presence is the main symptom of uric acid diathesis or urolithiasis. Less often they are detected in inflammatory processes of the urinary system. In laboratories equipped with modern equipment, when salts are detected, their chemical composition is determined.
Bacteria. They should not be in the urine. Pathogenic microflora is excreted with urine in case of an infectious lesion of any part of the urinary tract. Often, microorganisms enter the urine from the vagina with vulvovaginitis.
Fungal flora. Fungi are found in urine with fungal infections of the genitourinary system.

Despite the abundance of information on deciphering the general analysis of urine and determining the causes of dark urine in women, a specialist should interpret the results of the study. Self-medication is unacceptable, as it can lead to a worsening of the condition.

Dark urine in a woman: causes, diagnostic methods, and possible treatment options

The brown tint of urine is not always a reason for excitement and a visit to a doctor. The cause of dark urine in women can be quite physiological factors.

This is the wrong drinking regimen. The less fluid enters the body, the richer the color of urine.

Intense exertion, living in a hot climate, and other causes that contribute to dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea, fever). Increased sweating contributes to increased fluid loss, and if it is not compensated for by sufficient water intake, the color of urine becomes dark yellow, especially noticeable in the morning, immediately after waking up. A long course of treatment with antimalarial, anti-tuberculosis drugs, antibiotics from the nitrofuran group, laxatives, vitamins B and ascorbic acid, rifampicin, metronidazole, phenyl salicylate.

Excessive consumption of certain foods during the day before the test. So, the cause of dark urine in women can be beans and other legumes, beef, beets, carrots, rhubarb, black natural tea and coffee. In addition, many confectionery (and not only) contain a large amount of dyes that affect the color of urine.

Naturally, the dark color of urine in women, regardless of the cause, is a cause for concern. A quite reasonable question arises what to do in such a situation. If these symptoms are not associated with diet and medication, you should pay attention to other clinical signs. This is:

severe febrile fever (body temperature above 38.5 °), rising in the evening;
sharp unpleasant odor of urine;
pain in the lumbar region of a different nature, aggravated by tapping the edge of the palm on the back above the kidneys, sometimes they can radiate along the ureter to the lower abdomen;
discomfort in the liver, yellow skin tone and sclera;
weakness and malaise;
violation of urination (frequent urge with the release of urine in small portions, or vice versa, difficulty with the passage of urine).

If a change in the color of urine is accompanied by a similar clinical picture, an urgent need to consult a doctor. With an increase in fever, it is recommended to call an ambulance.

In the future, the doctor prescribes examinations to make an accurate diagnosis and identify the cause of dark urine in women. First of all, this is a study of urine by the method of Zimnitsky, Nechiporenko and other samples. Ultrasound diagnostics is very informative. It determines changes in the renal parenchyma during the inflammatory process, the presence of calculi, deviations in the anatomical structure of the urinary system. Additional diagnostic measures are possible using contrast agents, tomography.

Be sure to do a clinical blood test, a study for liver enzymes and other biochemical parameters. It should be noted right away that it is not the dark color of urine that is treated, but the cause that caused it. The specific treatment regimen depends on the diagnosis. Bacterial infections of the kidneys and bladder are susceptible to long-term antibiotic use. Therapy for urolithiasis is very complex.

Sometimes medication dissolution of calculi is possible, in the presence of large formations, surgical removal is indicated, and to prevent relapse, the use of folk remedies is effective. Autoimmune glomerulonephritis is treated with hormonal drugs, and in severe cases, cytostatics are indicated.

When a woman has dark urine, the reasons for which are varied, this almost always serves as a reason for a comprehensive examination by a nephrologist and gastroenterologist. This is especially important during pregnancy. Attempting to self-treat can worsen symptoms and cause irreversible effects. Modern methods of therapy are able to eliminate all symptoms of the disease with minimal consequences.

External signs are a signal that the body gives. The color of urine, which is formed as a result of blood filtration, is a sign of a person's condition. It is not difficult to determine the disease by urine, having basic knowledge. In a healthy person, urine is transparent yellow, sometimes deep yellow. Indicators depend on the concentration of urine. If it is transparent yellow, it means that you have drunk a lot of liquid. If it is deep yellow, it means that there is not too much water in the body. How to identify a disease by visual signs?

Pathological causes of urine color in kidney disease

Every day, at the norm, a person should excrete from 800 ml to 1.5 liters when urinating. The reasons for the abnormal color of the natural fluid are those components that should not be in the urine (erythrocytes, proteins, leukocytes, etc.). In the presence of such components, it can be revealed that pathological processes are taking place in the body, to which it is important to pay close attention. Urine color is an important guideline for diagnosing a disease. The rate often varies with kidney disease.

But not only serious disorders in the body - the reasons for the color:

Some vitamins, after taking which and.
Carrots always paint bright orange.
Medicines contain dyes that affect the color of the urine.
Age is also considered to be a factor in color change.
With physical stress in adults after 50 years of age, blood particles can enter the urine, staining the urine reddish.

Light urine

It is believed that light-colored urine means that the body is healthy. But too light urine is also found in diseases - diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis. During pregnancy, urine takes on a light transparent color. A different type of vitamin leads to the fact that the body cannot digest useful elements. As a result, such elements in urine change color to sandy. The biofluid, yellow with a sand color, is a consequence of the disease, it happens when stones and sand are formed.

What the bright color says: neon yellow, yellow

Neon color indicates taking vitamins to improve health, or taking medications. The danger is that an excess of vitamin substances leads to a disease called hypervitaminosis. Drugs such as nitrofurans (used for inflammatory processes in the human body) are able to make the urine bright yellow. Every day the use of a different peeling product (carrot juice, asparagus) increases the amount of bright yellow pigment.

Dark color: golden or dark yellow

Dark urine indicates health hazards. But don't be in a hurry to worry. The dark varieties range from dark brown, brown to golden. First, determine what color of urine you have. To do this, make sure there is enough lighting for the correct output. It is important to check that there are no dye residues on the toilet. The spectrum of causes of color change is wide - from harmless to life-threatening.

If the dark color of urine has appeared recently, remember what food you have eaten recently. Blackberries, foods with dyes, rhubarb, and liquorice candy can cause temporary color in your urine. If you take medications (sleeping pills, laxatives, medical dyes for diagnostics), there is an effect of changing the tone of the biofluid. A very dark color is possible with kidney disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, bleeding). It is advisable to immediately go to the urologist to determine the definition of the true cause. To do this, you will undergo a urinalysis.

Dark or dark yellow urine

Speaks about kidney disease and these types of problems:

Dehydration. With frequent vomiting or diarrhea, low water consumption, the biofluid is concentrated in nitrogen slags, which gives a dark yellow color.
Excessive use of food or drug additives.
The first symptoms of illness and disorder. Liver infections, anemia, jaundice, hepatitis change the breakdown of red blood cells, which stains the urine in an unusual color.

1 - kidney; 2 - ureter; 3 - bladder; 4 - urethra; 5 - renal arteries; 6 - renal veins

The urinary system is one of the most important systems of the human body. Urine contains excess water and metabolic products that come from the kidneys. The parameters of this biological fluid can tell a lot about the state of human health, its analysis allows you to make a correct diagnosis in the presence of a disease and prescribe adequate treatment. With this, one of the most important characteristics that even a person without medical education can control is urine color... A healthy person usually has a yellow (straw-like) urine. The color is due to the presence of urochrome in urine, a special pigment that is formed during the decomposition of hemoglobin, which in turn carries oxygen in erythrocytes. In lower concentrations, there are pigments urobilin, uroserin and uroerythrin. However, do not panic immediately if the color of your urine changes. There can be many reasons for this, from the most harmless to a serious illness. In any case, the final assessment of a person's health, and what the color of urine indicates, can only be given by a qualified doctor, who should be contacted at the first signs that alert you.

Products that change the color of urine

If you have a change in the color of urine, first of all, you need to remember what was included in your diet the day before, since many foods can change the color of urine. So, it will be orange in color if you have consumed a lot of carotene, which is found in large quantities in carrots. Crimson urine does not immediately indicate the presence of blood and some kind of pathology, it acquires this color in the case of eating beets, cherries, blackberries, products that contain food additives and dyes. If you drink strongly brewed, rich tea, the urine becomes very dark.

Also, urine can have a dark yellow color in a healthy person in the morning after sleep, since at this time its concentration in the body is very high. The dark color occurs in hot weather, when the body is dehydrated, and during significant physical exertion. If a person is drinking a lot of fluids, they will have light colored urine. Studies have shown that urine can change with certain medications. Red urine can be caused by taking rifampicin, sulfonamide, analgin, phenolphthalein, aminophenazone, ibuprofen, aspiric acid, and other drugs. Green, blue color occurs when using methylene blue, saffron yellow when taking nitroxoline, which is used in nephrology. Taking vitamins B and C makes the urine rich yellow. All these natural causes of urine discoloration pass after a short time, otherwise you should be wary.

Discoloration during pregnancy

The color of urine during pregnancy usually does not differ from the color of urine of a normal healthy person, and expectant mothers should also first of all analyze their nutrition. In addition, some gynecologists do not allow their patients to consume a lot of fluids, as a result of which, naturally, the dark color of urine should not be surprising. If, after a while, symptoms such as light feces, vomiting have joined this factor, then it is necessary to see an obstetrician-gynecologist as soon as possible. However, the color of urine and feces can also change due to certain hormonal changes in the woman's body in position.

If the color of urine does not return to normal or any additional symptoms appear, this is a serious reason to consult a specialist.

Diseases that change the color of urine

Pale yellow associated with a low concentration of dyes, this happens in diabetes, chronic renal failure. In this case, polyuria can occur, the emission of a large amount of urine per day (more than 2 liters).

Dark brown or a beer color caused by a large number of bile pigments is one of the signs of viral hepatitis. In this case, agitation of urine leads to the formation of a yellow foam, which is associated with bilirubinuria. In this case, the skin and sclera of the eyes can also become icteric. Also, this color can indicate a disease such as hemolytic anemia. At the same time, the process of hemolysis (destruction) of erythrocytes, which do not have time to fully mature in the bone marrow, is increased. As a result, the increased breakdown of blood cells increases the level of bilirubin and causes jaundice.

Brown color may indicate the presence of cirrhosis of the liver or poor kidney function, which are not able to efficiently remove toxins. Brown urine in older men sometimes indicates the formation of a prostate adenoma. In this case, an urgent consultation with a urologist is required.

Red urine, like blood, appears if erythrocytes are present in urine that have come directly from blood vessels due to trauma, kidney tumors, urethritis, cystitis,. The color saturation depends on the amount of blood that has entered the urine. In the case, which mainly affects women, in addition to blood in the urine, all kinds of films, pus, clots of mucus are observed, in addition, there is severe cutting pain in the lower abdomen and from the kidneys. With pyelonephritis, additional headaches appear, an increase in pressure and body temperature, and swelling.

Pink color urine gives urobilin in chronic hepatitis. A changed dark purple or even black color of urine is a sign of significant hemolysis of erythrocytes due to severe poisoning with poison, drugs, blood transfusion of another group, melanosarcoma. In the medical literature, there is such a color of urine as the color of "meat slops", this is the shade that water has after washing the meat, it is red, but with a dark, dirty tint. This color is a sign.

Blue in diseases it is quite rare, however, such a shade can also occur, but not due to damage to the genitourinary system, but due to internal infections, for example, pseudomonas. The blue color of body fluid can sometimes be found in children with familial hypercalcemia. This is a hereditary disease in which the level of calcium in the blood is significantly higher than normal.

Clarity of urine

An important sign of the disease, in addition to color, is the smell of urine. In a healthy person, it is odorless, or smells insignificantly. Also, an important indicator is the clarity of urine. Normally, opaque urine occurs only in a newborn, and even then for only a few days, then in a person without pathologies it is always transparent. Very rarely, clouding can occur in a healthy body when taking protein products, in too hot weather, after a sauna, while after a while the urine becomes transparent. However, most often cloudy urine occurs when it contains a large amount of salts and the presence of bacteria. Before going to the doctor, it is possible to determine the cause of the clouding of urine. It is necessary to collect and put a container of urine for a while. If the cloudy urine is caused by the presence of salts, then they will soon settle to the bottom, as a result of which there will be a clear border between the clear, light urine at the top and cloudy at the bottom. If the cloudy urine is of bacterial origin, then there will be no clear separation. Also, cloudy urine can be in the presence of fats, mucus, an increased number of red blood cells, leukocytes and cylinders. Clouding may also indicate the progression of prostatitis in men. It should also be remembered that turbidity can be due to the precipitation of salts that are naturally found in urine, due to its long exposure to the open air. Therefore, if there is a need to pass urine for analysis, then it is necessary to bring the urine collected in the morning to the laboratory no later than 3-4 hours later.

Additional symptoms of the disease

Additional symptoms to look out for when the urine color changes are constant thirst, fever, poor appetite, yellowing of the sclera and skin, severe pain in the right hypochondrium or in the lumbar region, frequent urination accompanied by pain, increased blood pressure, light discolored stool, weight loss, weakness, headache.

In the presence of all these additional symptoms, you must urgently consult a doctor for medical assistance.

Urine is a product of the basic metabolism of the human body, which is produced by the kidneys as a result of the blood filtration mechanism, followed by the secretion of metabolic products into it. Urine (urine) color reflects the functional state of the kidneys and the whole organism. Even without a laboratory study, by the color of urine, it is possible to say with a certain accuracy what kind of deviation occurs in the human body. This criterion was the main one in the diagnosis of diseases in medicine before the introduction of the practice of laboratory research.

What color the urine should be is determined by the presence in it of certain substances in a dissolved state, impurities of blood, pus, mucus and other pathological factors. Normal urine is yellow, transparent, without any impurities. The color saturation of urine ranges from light yellow to yellow; in the laboratory, an indicator is still used - straw-yellow urine. Knowing what color the urine should be, and under what diseases it changes, will help to suspect diseases of the urinary system and metabolism in the body.

Physiological causes of urine discoloration

A change in the color of urine can occur not only due to diseases, but also under certain normal conditions of the body:

eating foods containing dyes can color the urine in the appropriate color: beets - pink, carrots - deep yellow;
taking some medications - amidopyrine stains urine red, triamterene - blue-green, acetylsalicylic acid - pink;
the intake of fluid in the body in a volume less than the daily requirement gives a rich yellow color to the urine, while its amount decreases - the concentration of urine;
excessive intake of fluid into the body, on the contrary, makes the urine very light, almost colorless, its amount increases - dilution of urine.

Pathological causes of discoloration of urine

If you have an altered urine color, the reasons can be of 2 main groups:

reasons associated with the process in the organs of the urinary system (kidneys, bladder, urethra) - nephritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, tumors, etc.
causes that cause a change in the color of urine as a result of general metabolic disorders in the body - jaundice, hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), hyperlipidemia.

Changes in the color of urine with pathology vary widely:

Dark urine - this change is also compared to beer-colored urine, it happens with an increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood (jaundice), which is excreted in the urine, giving it a rich brown color. In the case of obstructive jaundice, when the outflow of bile from the gallbladder is disturbed and it enters the bloodstream, then the urine is bright yellow, with a greenish tint. If parenchymal jaundice occurs, due to the release of bilirubin from the destroyed liver cells, then the color of urine is brown. In addition, the dark yellow color of urine can appear with renal failure and severe dehydration, due to the high concentration of urine. The amount of urine is small.
Red urine - due to the ingress of blood into the urine, this occurs in the presence of kidney stones that damage blood vessels, tumors or injuries of the urinary system. With severe bleeding in the organs of the urinary system, in case of damage to a large vessel, urine becomes completely like blood. Normally, the red color of urine is due to the consumption of large quantities of beets or the use of certain medications. In this case, you should not be afraid; after a short period of time, the color of the urine returns to normal.
The urine is reddish - this color is also compared to the color of "meat slops", this color appears with significant hemolysis - the destruction of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin from them into the blood and its ingress into the urine, which gives such staining. This is a serious condition, since free hemoglobin in the blood, when filtered in the glomeruli of the kidneys, leads to their pollution and the development of acute renal failure.
Pink urine - may also be the result of blood entering it, but only a small amount - microhematuria in inflammatory diseases of the kidneys or bladder, the initial stage of tumors.
White urine is a sign of lipids entering the urine from the blood during hyperlipidemia (elevated serum free fat). Also, the urine becomes cloudy and opalescent.

The discharge of a large amount of light urine can be a sign of the development of diabetes mellitus in a person. This is usually accompanied by feelings of thirst and nocturia. Nocturia is a state of predominance of nocturnal urination over daytime urine output. In a laboratory study, glucose is determined in the urine, which enters the urine when the blood is filtered in the glomeruli of the kidneys.

Photo: Urine color and pregnancy

Also, with a normal color, the clarity of urine may decrease, it becomes cloudy. It is caused by the presence of undissolved sediment in the urine, which includes:

cellular elements - cells of squamous epithelium when it is exfoliated from the mucous membrane of the urinary tract and bladder and a large number that appear in the urine as a result of inflammation;
cylinders - are protein casts that appear due to a large number, leukocytes or erythrocytes can settle on them;
sediment of salts - insoluble salts are in the urine in the form of sediment, which is the first sign of the onset of stone formation processes in the kidneys.

The color of urine during pregnancy is due to an increased load on the kidneys, since they have to experience a double load, removing metabolic products from the body of a woman and a growing fetus. Therefore, usually the color is more saturated, yellow of various shades. In the case of the addition of an inflammatory reaction in the kidneys, the urine becomes cloudy with a greenish tinge - a high number of leukocytes in it. When such changes appear in the urine, a woman should consult a gynecologist and urologist for further examination and treatment.

What the color of urine will tell you

If the color of the urine has changed, then first of all it is necessary to exclude the physiological, normal causes of such a change. To establish the exact cause of the change in the color of urine, its laboratory study is carried out, which begins with a clinical analysis. This study includes macroscopic indicators - color, amount, presence of protein and relative density of urine. If necessary, the presence of glucose in the urine is also determined, which should not be normal. Then microscopy of urine sediment is performed, in which it is possible to determine the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, cylinders and the nature of salts in the urine. Also, an ultrasound examination of the kidneys is additionally performed if there is a suspicion of the presence of stones or tumors in them.

Any changes in the color of urine should alert a person to their health status and serve as a reason to visit a doctor for consultation and further examination.

The color of human urine does not always remain the same: it depends on several factors that affect the human body.

What is the color of urine?

Normally, the options for the shades of a person's urine may be different. A healthy person can have a pale or yellow bright color of urine. The shade depends on the amount in the urine urochrome , that is, the pigment that determines how concentrated the urine will be. This pigment is produced by the breakdown of the one that carries oxygen in.

The color also depends on age: a child has a lighter urine, an adult has a richer urine color. In infants, urine is light yellow in color, and in a newborn baby, urine is an almost colorless liquid.

What color of urine a person has depends on the activity of metabolism, as well as on how much fluid the body removes. If a person drinks a lot of fluids, the color of the urine will be clear. Therefore, the more concentrated the urine, the more intense its color. If the body is severely dehydrated, the urine may be amber-colored.

Why does the color of urine change?

Thus, the healthy color of urine can vary. Changes in the color of the urine of a healthy person, as a rule, are temporary, and manifests itself as a result of the use of drugs, certain foods or dyes. If there is a suspicion of the development of a pathological condition, you should ask your doctor about the normal color of urine in an adult. After all, serious changes in the color of urine may indicate the development of infectious diseases and other serious ailments. However, the person himself is able to determine what color healthy urine is by comparing all changes with the usual shade of urine.

With genitourinary infections, in addition to a change in the color of urine, a person may experience other symptoms, although often such diseases pass without other signs. However, with a urinary tract infection, there may also be a constant urge to urinate, abdominal pain, burning sensation during urination , chills , , weakness ... The urine can have not only a discolored, but also a pungent odor.

Attention should be paid to those changes in the color of urine that are visible to the naked eye.

Reddish urine in both men and women is not always indicative of serious health problems. The red color of urine is mainly associated with the presence of red blood cells in it. This bleeding usually disappears quickly, so red urine is only temporary. However, if the reddish color appears constantly, then this symptom indicates a serious illness. In medicine, urine of a reddish color, which appears due to the ingress of blood into it, is called hematuria ... This symptom can accompany diseases of the prostate gland in men, the appearance of stones in the kidneys or in the bladder, and oncological diseases of the genitourinary system.

It should be noted that the reddish color of urine is often associated with the food that a person ate. Beetroot, blackberry, and rhubarb dishes can turn urine pink. The urine also turns red under the influence of a number of toxins, in particular, due to poisoning with mercury and lead.

Sometimes the urine turns orange. Often women are seriously worried about why the orange color of urine during pregnancy appears from time to time. In fact, this symptom is often caused by the most common causes. This shade may appear after the use of certain foods, food additives. These are, first of all, carrot dishes, which contain a large amount of carotene ... Orange urine is observed in those who take more amounts. Why bright orange urine appears in a person during the treatment of certain diseases, explains the intake of certain medications. They are separate, phenazopyridine and others. It should be noted that the orange color of urine may also indicate dehydration, since in this case the urine becomes more concentrated.

If a woman's urine color changes during pregnancy, then both physiological reasons and the development of some pathologies can explain this. A change in the color of urine during pregnancy occurs if, in the early stages of pregnancy, the expectant mother suffers from a strong disorder, as a result of which dehydration is noted. Also, the reasons for the change in the color of urine in pregnant women are often associated with the dietary habits of the expectant mother's drinking regimen. But if a woman has the slightest suspicion that changes in the color of urine are associated with diseases, she should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe the necessary laboratory tests.

If a person has a blue and green color of urine, then such manifestations can also be associated with taking medications and certain foods. For example, the greenish color of urine appears after eating asparagus. Blue and yellow-green urine appears after drug treatment urised , tagamet , also after taking some multivitamin complexes.

In rare cases, blue urine is observed in children who suffer familial hypercalcemia ... This is a hereditary disease in which the level of calcium in the blood is increased.

The dark color of urine with an odor in men and women occurs both against the background of the use of certain foods (legumes, rhubarb), and as a result of taking a number of medicines. Dark brown or dark orange urine appears after taking antimalarial drugs, after treatment with certain drugs used to treat urinary infections, and after taking drugs that contain hay, cascara, and metoclopramide.

What does darkening of urine mean, you should definitely figure it out if a person suffers from liver ailments. Darkening of urine is manifested when, hepatitis ... Also, urine can acquire a dark brown tint when acute glomerulonephritis when the kidneys do not remove toxins and excess fluid in a sufficient volume.

This symptom cannot be ignored for expectant mothers. If your urine turns brown or dark red during pregnancy, you should definitely see a doctor, as it may be bleeding.

In addition, brown urine during pregnancy sometimes indicates liver or kidney problems. Also, red-brown urine can be a sign of infectious diseases. To diagnose and determine exactly why brown urine in women who are expecting a baby allows testing. It should be understood that an uncharacteristic color of urine during pregnancy can be both a sign of a disease and an absolutely normal physiological phenomenon. Therefore, it is better for the expectant mother to always tell the doctor about her observations and suspicions.

Sometimes a person may be concerned about why a cloudy color of urine is found under certain circumstances. Cloudy white urine can be a sign of urinary tract infections. If fatty degeneration of the kidney occurs, pus and fats appear in the urine. As a result, the urine becomes whitish in color.

If the transparency of the urine is cloudy, and at the same time there are impurities of mucus in it, then we can talk about the development of diseases of the kidneys, bladder, urinary tract. Sometimes the transparency of urine is incomplete with the progression of a woman or a man. Also, a woman's slightly cloudy urine can come out after intercourse if all the rules of personal hygiene have not been followed.

It should be noted that in some cases, clouding of urine is possible under normal health conditions, for example, after visiting a sauna, in very hot weather, with excessive consumption of protein products. If the influence of these factors is eliminated, then gradually the state will normalize and complete transparency is noted. If a person goes to the doctor with this symptom, and subsequently it is found that the urine test for transparency is normal, then it was just about turbidity under the influence of physiological factors.

Sometimes brown urine appears in older men. If this phenomenon is observed regularly, it is necessary to consult a urologist, since often brown urine in men indicates development.

How to normalize urine color?

If you suspect that the change in the color of urine is pathological, it is necessary to contact a specialist who deals with the treatment of urinary tract pathologies. At the doctor's appointment, it is important to tell him in detail about those medicines that have been used recently, about the peculiarities of nutrition, as well as answer in detail other questions of the specialist.

The doctor conducts a physical examination, prescribes laboratory urine tests and other tests, depending on the characteristics of the symptom.

If there is a violation of the color of urine, then the cause of this phenomenon is initially determined, and only after that a treatment regimen for the underlying disease is prescribed.

It is also important to pay attention to some of the features of the lifestyle. It is undesirable to allow dehydration of the body. If the urine turns dark, it is important to replenish the lost fluid by adjusting the drinking regimen. The development of diseases that cause the manifestation of this symptom should be prevented. In particular, sufficient fluid intake, regular urination after the first urge appears, and proper hygiene of the genitals will help prevent the development of urinary tract infections. To prevent the appearance of kidney stones, it is important to limit the amount of protein foods and salt in the diet.

In addition, smoking cessation, protection from the effects of toxic chemicals, and a healthy and active life should be mentioned as prevention methods.