Collective forms of work in fine arts lessons. Decorative and applied composition. Fabric applique. Guilloche technique Decorative x artistic applique
"Construction of the image" - The image of the body lying on the axis. Building images. Reversed valid magnified. Image characteristic. Lenses. Direct imaginary reduced. Picture. Diffusion lens. Collecting lens. Visual impairment.
"Constructing regular polygons" - Center - the point of intersection of the middle perpendiculars. Proved the possibility of constructing a regular 17-gon. 1) AO, BO-bisectors, polygons. correct, then? 1 \u003d? 2 \u003d? 3 \u003d? 4?\u003e. 2) Construct a segment of the OS,? AOB \u003d? BOS, since ОВ-total,? 3 \u003d? 4, AB \u003d BC. 3) Let's construct a segment ОD, similarly? BOC \u003d? COD and OC \u003d OD.
"Construction with a compass and a ruler" - Historians. What knowledge and concepts about the compass go beyond school geometry? How to divide an angle into three equal parts using a trisector? Geometers. Researchers. Who invented the compass and when? Nature is complex, But Nature is one Laws of Nature are one. How to divide any angle in half using a compass and a ruler?
"Building diagrams" - The main elements of the diagram. Bar chart (bar chart). For comparing several values \u200b\u200bat one point. Resizing the chart. Stages of building a diagram. Select the diagram with the mouse; Pull on any square marker; Remove selection. Can display multiple series of data as a percentage.
"Plotting functions" - Graph of the function y \u003d sinx. Completed by: Filippova Natalya Vasilievna mathematics teacher Beloyarsk secondary school №1. Topic: Plotting functions. Algebra. Plot the function y \u003d sin (x) + cos (x). Plotting the function y \u003d sinx. Line of tangents.
"Building diagrams and graphs" - Delphi. Change the chart type. "Displaying graphic information in Delphi". Several Shape components can be used to create simple drawings. Consider an example of plotting the function y \u003d Sin (x). Consider an example. The color of the data in the chart. Add data series. Go for an example. "Displaying graphic information in Delphi" Theme plan.
In this task it is necessary to depict the composition in the form colored applique of intersecting geometric shapes.
All decorative compositions in our course of studies provide a great opportunity to unleash creativity, try a variety of techniques, depict various plots, master the most effective ways of creating and building a composition.
Color appliques description.
The description below and the rules for completing the assignment are only a theoretical part. For the correct creation of color applications, you need practical and professional advice with a teacher at every stage of the work.
Color appliqués are one of the brightest and most decorative assignments in the course.
On the sheet it is proposed to depict a composition of arbitrary geometric shapes, under the guidance of a teacher, develop search sketches, decide on a color scheme, then, based on sketches, create a balanced composition.
The size, scale, position of geometric shapes are selected based on the general artistic design.
In this task, working with color is of great importance. It is necessary to choose several sets of colors that are harmoniously suitable and combined with each other (for more details on color schemes, see the article). Next, you need to arrange the color segments into the drawn geometric composition.
At the intersection of geometric shapes, you can change the color of both shapes, creating a transparent overlay effect, which makes the composition immediately acquire spatial expression and visual plans.
It is worth noting that color appliqués are not a set of colors mixed in space, but an attempt to create a real piece of art using a minimum of visual means.
In the task, you need not only to choose colors, but also to make a dynamic and spectacular composition out of them, using the shape and mass of each color segment. The task provides an excellent opportunity to show artistic spatial thinking, without starting from any samples, to create your own unique composition.
The presented examples, performed by our students, clearly show how diverse and original compositions can be. In this task, students, who previously believed that they did not have artistic abilities, revealed their creative potential, created spectacular compositions with amazing compositional solutions.
This is an opportunity to create in the learning process and prepare excellent works for your own portfolio, to develop professional visual skills necessary in your future specialty.
In this task, a real decorative canvas is created that meets all the standards of modern trends in painting.
The compositions made in our classes are placed by the students in the portfolio, the level and quality of the finished works meet the most demanding requirements of graphic design.
Application. Part 4
Methods and techniques for teaching applications in the older group
The main task of teaching applique work for children of the sixth year of life is mastering various cutting techniques. In the classroom, preschoolers depict objects with different outlines, symmetrical and asymmetrical forms in a static position or with the transmission of a simple movement. Based on the ideas of children and using nature (or a picture replacing it), the teacher analyzes the structure of the object, isolating individual parts, outlining their forms and noting their relationship with each other. Since children of this age cannot make small parts, it is recommended to select nature with simpler shapes, local colors, and a small amount of details. A teddy bear, chiseled wooden toys, etc. are suitable for this work. The sample is used in the older group in those cases when preschoolers depict an object for the first time. But even here, children should already be given the initiative in resolving issues of color, size, arrangement of forms on a sheet, etc. If children are given the task to depict an already familiar object with some details, then the sample can be replaced by nature or a picture (for example, to depict not just a house , but a fabulous house or house decorated for the holiday).
In the senior, and then in the preparatory groups, it is recommended to use several samples more often to show the possibility of different composition options. This fosters creative initiative in preschoolers in completing the assignment. For example, children learn how to cut two halves of a Parsley suit from two pieces of paper folded together. The teacher shows only the techniques of cutting clothes, and looking at the samples, the children note that Petrushka's clothes can be of different colors, shapes, he has different objects in his hands.
In decorative work, when drawing up patterns from the same elements, paper is used in the form of a circle, square, strip, etc. As a rule, older preschoolers master new techniques as shown by the teacher. The most difficult thing for children of this age is to cut symmetrical shapes from paper folded in half. As already noted, mastering this technique requires developed perception and analytical thinking, in particular, the ability to dismember an object into two halves and cut it out. I.L. Gusarova recommends that when children first familiarize themselves with this technique, cut out forms along a pre-drawn contour on paper bent in half. Often a child cannot imagine that the result will be a beautifully shaped vase or jug. When the children realize that the drawn outline represents half of the object, they will be able to cut out by eye, using the teacher's show and his explanation.
In the older group, some application work (for example, "Aquarium with fish", "Flowers in the meadow", "Houses and cars on the street") is performed by children collectively. Each child performs some specific part of the composition. All parts are subsequently combined against a common background. The teacher does the distribution of work between children in accordance with their wishes. To complete some tasks ("Fish in an aquarium", "Birds in a tree") preschoolers are united in subgroups of 4-5 people. Frieze compositions ("Houses and Cars on the Street", "Boats on the River") are performed by the whole group.
Applique is one of the types of visual technique based on cutting, superimposing various shapes and fixing them on another material, taken as a background. The concept of "application" includes methods of creating works of art from materials of different properties and texture, united by the similarity of the execution technique. Each material has its own characteristics, which have a decisive influence on the application technique. The experience gained by children in drawing up subject or plot images using ready-made forms ensures the development of figurative vision, as well as the formation of the prerequisites for plot drawing and the development of speech at later age stages. Applique classes, with the correct use of age-appropriate methods and techniques, not only entertain, but also teach and develop.
List of references
1. Gusakova M.A. Application. - M .: Education, 1987 .-- 289 p.
2. Ignatiev E.I. Psychology of children's visual activity. - M .: Uchpedgiz, 1961 .-- 223 p. ... Komarova T.S. Methods of teaching art and design. - M., Education, 1991 - 369 p. ...
Our children's art school has had a costume class for over 20 years. The class is mainly attended by girls who dream of becoming fashion designers. The training course in the costume class is designed for 4 years. During their studies, students master many techniques - batik, embroidery, beading, knitting, sewing, textile collage, applique and much more.
Two years ago, we discovered the guilloche technique, which we successfully use in classes in decorative and applied composition.
Guilloche is the art of burning a pattern onto a fabric. This technique is simple, affordable and is one of the most interesting types of applied art. With the help of guilloche, you can create various things not only from new fabrics, but also from obsolete things.
What can be done with this technique? You can cut lace from fabric, make items of clothing, such as collars, cuffs, make any applique.
There is no limit to imagination and perfection in the guilloche technique.
I wish you all creative success!
Topic: Fabric applique. Guilloche technique.
Objectives: To master the guilloche technique with students. Create a decorative panel on a free theme.
Equipment and materials used.
Glass. Glass is necessary so that the fabric that will be burned does not weld with other surfaces. For work you need ordinary glass larger than the future work. For the safety of work, the edges of the glass must be pasted over with construction tape.
Scorcher. A device for burning wood is used to the working part of which a needle is soldered. The readiness of the needle for burning is checked on a piece of fabric by making test cuts and setting the optimal needle temperature using a voltage regulator.
Soldering iron. Instead of a burning device, you can use a 30-40 W soldering iron, having previously sharpened the rod.
Foil. For work, it is better to use dense foil, the template from which holds its shape well and can be used to cut a large number of parts of the same shape. Thick coated paper can be used instead of foil. Such a template will not last long, but it will be enough for making 2-3 parts.
The cloth. Only synthetic fabrics are used for guilloche. Duplicate fabric "Spider line" is used for gluing parts together.
Content of classes.
1. Acquaintance with the guilloche technique.
Guilloche - the art of burning on fabric has a rather long history. This technique was used to make lace. Handmade lace has always been highly valued. The lace was worth a fortune. The aristocratic society and churches were forced to give huge sums of money in order to acquire the necessary items of clothing.
The nuns were engaged in making lace. There were many technologies. Already in 1534, in Germany, a book was written specifically for lace work.
Guilloche or burning on artificial fabrics (guipure, silk) appeared somewhat later in Germany. To do this, the needles for burning out were heated on fireplaces and used in turn until they cooled down. This technology made it possible to save time, since instead of threads, embroidery was imitated by burning lace. In the same way, embroidery elements from rich velvet were cut out and welded onto silk with a hot needle by welding.
In Russia, guilloche in the form we use it now appeared in the nineties, when a soldering iron or a burner was used instead of needles.
Very often, when making dresses for dolls, historical costumes, finishing clothes, we are faced with the need to imitate old lace, sewing, embroidery. It is sometimes difficult or impossible to do such work exactly according to the technology of the past. The guilloche technique allowed us to facilitate the execution of details for finishing clothes and save time for their production.
The following operations can be performed with a hot needle on the fabric:
- cut the fabric with a solid line;
- burn out small holes;
- to form a variety of cuts;
- put "points" of different diameters;
- weld together several layers of fabric using "dots";
- to carry out decorating elements - "points", chipping.
Safety precautions when working with a burning device or a soldering iron:
1.work to be carried out in a well-ventilated area, as an unpleasant odor appears when the fabric is fired;
2. Leave the heated soldering iron on the ceramic stand after work (you can use a plate or tray);
3. Use the red-hot needle to work carefully and slowly;
4. at the end of work, do not forget to disconnect the devices from the mains.
2. Execution of sketches. Selection of fabric.
Students are invited to make sketches of a decorative panel on a free theme. Sketches are made with various materials - at the students' choice (watercolors, gouache, felt-tip pens, or colored pencils). Then, regarding the color scheme of the sketch, we select the fabrics. Depending on the design of the fabric, monochromatic, textured, with a pattern can be used.
You can also go the other way - first pick up fabrics, and then, depending on the color selection, make a sketch in color.
3. Preparation of cardboard. Making templates.
We carry out a working drawing - cardboard, which will serve us in the future for the translation of individual parts and for the layout of blanks.
The details of the drawing must be transferred to separate sheets using carbon paper (photo 5): on one background detail, on the other dragon details.
In this case, we use thick coated paper for the templates, since during the cutting process with a hot needle, it does not stick to the melted mass that appears when cutting fabric. We cut out the templates with scissors, and the background details can be numbered to make it easier for further assembly.
4. Preparing the fabric for work. Burning out details.
The fabric must be ironed before work. We carry out further work on glass:
1. on the glass we lay out the duplicating fabric "cobweb";
2. on top we cover the "spider web" with a cloth of the color we need;
3. to fix the fabric, using a metal ruler, we burn through the edge of the fabric together with the "cobweb". In this case, the fabric slice sticks to the glass and the fabric does not move further;
4. according to the templates we burn the necessary details from the fabric of the given color;
5. Separate the template from the cut part.
When burning, a pencil with a needle is held in the hand like an ordinary ballpoint pen. In this case, the tip of the needle is oriented perpendicular to the glass. With the needle, touch the fabric and move it along the pattern line at a speed sufficient to cut through the fabric. In the process of cutting fabric, a layer of molten mass of fabric is enveloped on the hot needle, as a result of which the quality of the operations performed is deteriorated. Therefore, the tip of the needle should be cleaned more often with sandpaper or a piece of cotton cloth.
In the same way we burn out the remaining parts from fabric of other colors.
5. Assembling the panel.
After all the details are ready, we start assembling the panel. We collect individual parts on the glass by gluing them together with the help of an iron - the "cobweb" melts and acts as glue. Next, we glue the background details to the base - a piece of fabric larger than the size of the panel. After, on the background, we glue the assembled dragon parts.
Publishing House "Culture and Traditions", 2002 Format 84x108 / 16 (205x290 mm). Hardcover, 112 pages.
If you want to learn how to make appliques, Natalia Golubeva's book will be your first assistant. This is one of the best tutorials on the subject. Exactly textbooks - after all, everything is written here about the application! What is an applique, what does it come from, the history of its appearance and much, much more ...
Below are brief announcements for each section of the book.
What is needed for work
First of all, you will need straw from various grains (rye, wheat, oats, etc.). To depict subjects related to plant themes, leaves of various trees and shrubs, collected in summer and autumn, as well as forest and field grasses will be needed. Forest and garden flowers, wild plants will help in creating panels depicting bouquets of flowers and all kinds of still lifes. Corn stalks and leaves will be used very often. Birch bark taken from fallen birches, as well as the bark of other trees, will come in handy. Poplar fluff and cotton will help when working on a panel depicting winter landscapes and animals. Veneer will also come in handy - the thinnest plates of wood of different species.
Composition and applique elements
In an applique, it is very important to be able to arrange its constituent elements in such a way that it evokes in the viewer a feeling of complete completeness, when, as they say, nothing can be added or subtracted. You need to know such concepts as compositional center, linear perspective, finished work format, stylization ...
What I especially liked about this book is the example of performing the same plot in different techniques. What you need in order to develop skills in working with all kinds of material! And also, this is a unique opportunity to compare, choose the best solution for a certain type of problem.
So, a diagram of such a pretty titmouse is given. And one more useful diagram, where light and dark places in the picture are indicated. After all, if you do not outline them in any way, the image will look flat.
The first job for beginners is from colored paper. Recommendations are given on the background color and the design of the finished picture.
The second option is a straw applique. And in two versions! A bird on a black background and on a background made of plant materials, namely, corn leaves.
Tips are given for roasting straws to produce a variety of shades. Tips on how to position the straws correctly when making parts.
Another interesting version of the bird is made of feathers. In this case, the rest of the parts are again made of straw.
The bird also looks good from poplar fluff. The fluff is applied to black velvet paper, and then the detail with the bird is cut out and pasted onto the background. Background - a sheet of Whatman paper, which is painted with a strong tea solution.
A teaching composition can also be made from dried leaves and flowers. The background is made according to the principle of "stretching" using a home-made spray gun, that is, spray paint.
And finally, several variants of the educational composition, made on a wooden base. This could be, for example, a cutting board. And the details, of course, are better made from straw. The color of the decorative side of the board can be left natural or changed by treating with two coats of stain applied with a cotton or foam swab. Or paint it with gouache or tempera paints. Then the products are varnished in one or two layers. Such cutting boards look very elegant.
Performing such training applications, you will practice the techniques of working on them. And also make sure that the properties of natural material allow, without radically changing the structure of the compositions, to infinitely diversify your products. This is very convenient for those who find it difficult to draw and have to use borrowed compositions.
Decorative ornament
Various national ornaments, traditional patterns of painting on wood, metal, fabrics serve as a richest source of inspiration for making decorative applications from straw and leaves.
The main feature of the ornament is rhythm, that is, the repetition of an image (geometric shapes, flowers, animal silhouettes, etc.).
Ready-made ornaments are glued to any suitable background or wood surface. Having completed several strips of different lengths, you can decorate the side surfaces of a coffee table, chairs ... Ornamental compositions will help you decorate bulky items: plates, dishes, ladles, salt shakers, etc. You can decorate a mirror frame, cabinet planes or shelves, especially if the color is straw will naturally merge with the color of the furniture, then all the elements of the ornament will "play" due to the different direction of the laid out straw.
Landscape panels
A landscape by application can be created from literally anything, from any natural material available. Corn cobs, lily of the valley leaves are good for depicting the sky, steppe, field; press-dried leaves and flowers are necessary to create a forest; birch bark and veneer are useful for depicting buildings or trees.
Still lifes with flowers
Still life is one of the favorite themes of florist artists. Very often it is "painted" with straws. The variety of color shades and the wonderful decorative shine of this material allow you to create amazing compositions.
Miniature works in small frames look great. A vase and a tablecloth or the edge of the table where it stands are made from small pieces of dry leaves. Background - colored velvet paper of deep blue or black color. The material for making miniature bouquets, in addition to different flowers, can be onion or garlic husks, especially of a blue-lilac color.
Animals and Birds
An independent place in the appliqués made of natural materials is taken by the image of animals and birds. Birds are very beautifully obtained from natural feathers. And for the image of animals, poplar fluff is perfect, which can imitate fur, convey volume:
When making a portrait from natural material, the main difficulty is to maintain the proportions of the human figure and face. This is one of the most difficult tasks even in ordinary painting, not to mention floral painting. Therefore, it would be most correct to make the image more simplified, to minimize the elaboration of details.
The material for making a portrait using the applique technique can be anything, a good master will burn to draw a picture using any material. It's just that the effect will always be different. Straw works are more like graphics. Leaf portraits are more picturesque and decorative.
Subject composition
Subject composition is an image of a group of people in some kind of interior, landscape. This is not an easy task. It is important to be able not only to draw objects, but also to skillfully combine them with each other.
Appliques on volumetric objects
Bulky items - vases, boxes, boxes - are inlaid with white and tinted straws. Dry leaves and plants are not used here, as they are too fragile for such work. The principle of performing such applications has its own characteristics. Each element is carefully adjusted along the contour to the adjacent one without gaps, as if cutting it into a wooden blank according to the inlay principle. Thus, the surface formed after the application of the application layer does not protrude too much from the plane. Two or three coats of varnish will even out it even more.
Inlay and applique work can also be used to decorate all kinds of wooden panels, plates, trays, cutting boards, brooches, pendants ...