Why nosebleeds can occur during pregnancy and how to help. Causes and treatment of nosebleeds during pregnancy

03.09.2019

Pregnant women are very vulnerable and suspicious. Anxiety about their own health and the condition of the unborn child is quite understandable and natural. But if a woman is calm about nausea in the morning, back pain and changes in taste preferences, nosebleeds can cause confusion and fear in the expectant mother, especially if it is repeated with enviable regularity. To understand what to do if there is blood from the nose during pregnancy, you need to know the causes of this phenomenon.

What is it?

The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is rich in blood vessels. If their integrity is violated under the influence of external or internal factors, nosebleeds may develop. In medicine, this term has its own name - "epistaxix". Most often, blood leaves the nasal cavity through the anterior wall (flows from the nostrils). Sometimes bleeding passes along the back wall, so it drains into the esophagus, enters the stomach and can cause vomiting of bloody masses. It is extremely rare that blood exits through the eyes, like tears, rising through the nasolacrimal canal.

The integrity of the vessels in the nasal mucosa can be broken due to mechanical injury and spontaneously. Pregnant women are more likely to experience spontaneous bleeding. According to statistics, about 30% of all expectant mothers complain about nosebleeds that appear from time to time in early pregnancy. In the later stages, such an unpleasant symptom of pregnancy haunts no more than 10-15% of women.

Causes

Nosebleeds in pregnant women can be quite natural, physiological or caused by certain pathological conditions. To distinguish the norm from the pathology, the frequency and duration of bleeding episodes should be assessed. If the bleeding is not heavy, the blood quickly coagulates, bakes, the number of episodes does not exceed once a week, there is nothing to worry about.

Physiological

The reason why the integrity of the vessels of the nasal mucosa is violated lies in the hormonal background. Progesterone and estrogens, which are produced in huge doses during pregnancy, are necessary for the successful bearing of the baby and the preservation of pregnancy, they improve the filling of blood vessels. However, the hormones themselves can cause side effects.

Sometimes pregnant women under the influence of progesterone experience emotional instability, tearfulness, capriciousness, while women are prone to anxiety and panic more quickly. Sleep may be disturbed.

The vessels of the nasal mucosa are thin and vulnerable. Anyone who has ever picked their nose knows how easy it is to injure them. Under the influence of hormones, the vessels overflow with blood, do not withstand and burst. This is how nosebleeds occur. Such episodes are not long, so the bleeding stops quickly.

The work of the cardiovascular system of a pregnant woman contributes to epistaxis. In the first trimester, blood flow in a woman's body increases. This creates a danger to the integrity of the vessels of the nasal mucosa. In the second and third trimester, when a physiological runny nose begins in pregnant women, the nasal mucosa swells, bleeding can take on the character of blood clots in the nasal mucus. A runny nose with blood is not dangerous for a woman and a child. After childbirth, it passes without a trace.

Any minor factor can provoke nosebleeds if a woman:

inadvertently blows his nose;
straighten up sharply from a bent position;
bend down sharply;
during the morning toilet, it will inaccurately remove crusts of mucus that have dried up overnight from the nose.

All this can cause epistaxis, as well as staying in the heat, in a stuffy room, where the air is too dry (more often in winter when heating appliances are on). These reasons are considered physiological, not dangerous to the life and health of the mother and child. If nosebleeds are regular, consultation and examination with a general practitioner is necessary. If unpleasant episodes are rare, medical assistance and the use of drugs is not required:

it is enough to carry a clean handkerchief and wet wipes in your purse (in case nosebleeds come on suddenly).

Pathological

Nosebleeds can be a sign of a painful condition, then the expectant mother needs qualified medical help. Here are some pathologies that can cause epistaxis:

Arterial hypertension

High blood pressure during pregnancy poses a serious threat to the life and development of the fetus. It negatively affects the functioning of the placenta. The baby receives less nutrients, vitamins, the excretion of fetal metabolic products into the mother's body slows down. As a result, the child begins to lag behind in development. Pathology can lead to intrauterine death of the child.

Such nosebleeds are accompanied by a headache, a woman experiences bouts of nausea, she is “thrown” into heat, cold, sweating increases. The blood comes out under pressure, the bleeding is quite strong, profuse. It's hard enough to stop him. For some time after it, the discharge of ichor and small blood clots from the nose continues.

The condition requires prompt hospitalization of the pregnant woman. In a hospital setting, an obstetrician-gynecologist and a therapist work together to provide the right therapy aimed at reducing pressure. A hospital is desirable at any time, faced with such a problem.

In the third trimester (at 37-38 weeks), the doctor may decide on early delivery by caesarean section.

Violation of the properties of blood

Usually, during a normal pregnancy, a woman's blood becomes more viscous, its clotting increases. However, some congenital or acquired causes can lead to the opposite process: the blood becomes liquid, clotting is insufficient. Nosebleeds in this case are frequent. They are long in time, even if the amount of blood released is small.

Coagulation disorders are dangerous for a woman and her baby. Severe bleeding may occur during the birth process. Especially dangerous is insufficient blood coagulation in the third trimester. It can provoke placental abruption, profuse internal bleeding, death of the fetus and mother.

The reasons for low coagulation are hidden in a decrease in immunity under the influence of hormones. A strong weakening of the immune system reduces the ability of blood to clot. This may be malnutrition, due to which the pregnant woman is deficient in vitamins, iron, calcium, magnesium. Sometimes the cause is congenital. This is hemophilia, the carrier of which can only be a woman, and only boys are ill.

In addition to nosebleeds, a bleeding disorder can be indicated by:

the appearance of spontaneous bruising from any, even a light touch;
bleeding gums;
admixture of blood in the urine.

In this case, it is important for a pregnant woman:

consult with a hematologist;
carrying out a special analysis - coagulogram;
prescription of treatment.

Therapy is carried out with the use of drugs that are designed to increase blood clotting, the number of platelets and proteins in the blood. The specialist prescribes a diet that includes foods that make the blood thicker (fatty meat, butter, beans, peas, cream).

calcium deficiency

The need of a pregnant woman for calcium increases significantly: from the mother's blood, this essential mineral passes to the child, which needs it for the laying and growth of bones, cartilage, rudiments of milk teeth. The child takes the maximum amount of calcium from the mother's body, while the mother herself often suffers from hypocalcemia. Such a condition is easily suspected by regular nosebleeds in the morning, by a noticeably worsened condition of the nails, teeth and hair of the expectant mother. Sometimes (for example, at night) a woman may experience severe calf cramps.

The situation won't go away on its own she needs treatment. After conducting a blood test to determine the level of calcium in it, the doctor prescribes appropriate preparations to the pregnant woman and special vitamin complexes created for pregnant women. In severe cases, a woman may be hospitalized and treated under the supervision of doctors. The most dangerous hypocalcemia in the first trimester of pregnancy, when there is an intensive laying of the baby's bone tissue.

Nose injury

No one is immune from injury. Any injury to the nasal septum, nasal mucosa, if the bleeding is difficult to stop, must be shown to a traumatologist. It is possible that the woman will be referred to another specialist (otolaryngologist) for post-traumatic treatment.

Infectious diseases

Infectious diseases pose a serious danger to the child (especially in the first trimester of pregnancy). The cause of bleeding from the nose of a pregnant woman can be infectious diseases (from SARS to herpes infection). Often, the vessels of the nasal mucosa are overflowing with blood due to hormonal changes, and prolonged high temperature makes them brittle and fragile.

An additional danger is the self-treatment of the expectant mother. Uncontrolled medication (especially antibiotics), improperly performed inhalations at home can lead to nosebleeds, which is fraught with serious complications for the woman and the fetus.

If it was not possible to protect yourself from an infectious disease, you should immediately consult a doctor. The specialist will prescribe a gentle treatment, taking into account the position of the patient, in order to minimize the impact on the fetus of an infectious agent and drugs intended to combat it.

Diagnostics

A pregnant woman can contact a local therapist about suspicion of pathological nosebleeds. He will prescribe a blood test to rule out violations of its coagulability, determine the level of the woman’s blood pressure, and, if necessary, give a referral for a consultation with ENT doctor and hematologist. X-ray of the sinuses during pregnancy is not prescribed, surgery on the nasal septum is also postponed for the postpartum period.

ENT doctor makes a diagnosis

First aid

If nosebleeds occur, the pregnant woman and her relatives can stop the bleeding on their own, subsequently deciding on the need to visit a doctor.

During pregnancy, nosebleeds (epistaxis) are often observed, which can cause anxiety in the expectant mother. This symptom is not always associated with some serious disease. Bleeding from the nose may be scanty and short-lived, but sometimes it is profuse. In the first case, measures taken at home will be sufficient, and in the second case, urgent medical assistance from a specialist will be needed.

Causes of nosebleeds during pregnancy

The increased work of the cardiovascular system during pregnancy leads to more intensive blood exchange in the body and increased fullness of the vessels, the membranes of which are characterized by fragility and vulnerability. Hormonal changes in the body also affect the amount of blood in them. When the walls of the vessels are weak, and the internal pressure is increased, the probability of their rupture is high. Therefore, blood from the nose during pregnancy is a common phenomenon, but it cannot be ignored.

Blood discharge in pregnant women in the second and third trimester can be scanty and short-lived or abundant and long-lasting. In the first case, there is little cause for concern, but you need to see a doctor. In the second, the situation can be dangerous, an urgent examination by a specialist is necessary. Different types of bleeding are caused by different circumstances.

Weak and short nasal discharge

Epistaxis occurs due to bursting of blood vessels, which is caused by various factors:

1. In the early stages and until the end of pregnancy, the most common cause is hormonal changes in the body. Weak and full vessels burst even when you blow your nose or press on your nose.
2. Dry and too warm indoor air.
3. Previous fractures, bruises, chronic rhinitis, sinusitis and other diseases that disrupt the healthy microflora of the nasal mucosa.
4. Pregnant vitamin deficiency leads to a general weakening of immunity and tissue vulnerability, including in the nasopharynx.
5. Calcium deficiency in the body of the expectant mother. The child takes this microelement in such an amount that he needs for constant development, so it is important to use it as part of food or in vitamins.
6. Sleep disturbances, fatigue or anxiety.

Such bleeding occurs most often in the morning.

Heavy and prolonged bleeding

Intensive and prolonged blood discharge - extremely dangerous symptom, which is characterized by a rich scarlet color of the biological fluid and its strong jet stream. pregnant in this case should be sent to a specialist immediately.

The following factors can provoke it:

1. An increase in pressure, which can become a factor in abortion. If nosebleeds are accompanied by dizziness, headaches and ripples in the eyes, then there is hypertension. It is urgent to measure the pressure and (in case of confirmation of its jump up) immediately seek the help of doctors.
2. Increased blood pressure and blood from the nose in the later stages is accompanied by severe prolonged toxicosis. This condition is dangerous, it is urgent to consult a doctor.
3. Impaired blood clotting. To confirm this reason, it is necessary to pass the analysis as soon as possible.
4. Infectious diseases accompanied by fever. Overheating is fraught with impaired blood flow, fragility of blood vessels and drying of the nasal mucosa, which in combination and individually leads to epistaxis.

The nature of bleeding can be determined by the time at which they occur. Morning nosebleeds are more harmless. At night, its cause can be both daytime damage to blood vessels or dry, stale air in the room, as well as serious health problems: high blood pressure, venous congestion in the brain regions, altered composition and impaired blood clotting.

Nosebleeds are considered frequent and occur at least once a week. This problem can haunt a woman from the first to the last days of pregnancy, up to 38 weeks and beyond. It requires mandatory diagnostics. If the matter is in the deficiency of nutrients, the thinness of the walls of the nasal capillaries or dry rhinitis, then the pregnant woman is prescribed harmless drugs for the general strengthening of immunity. In cases of more serious diseases, hospitalization and strict control of specialists are indicated.

First aid for nosebleeds in a pregnant woman

It is strictly forbidden to tilt your head back so as not to provoke vomiting, and to blow your nose in order to avoid increased bleeding.

Causes of nosebleeds during pregnancy

The increased work of the cardiovascular system during pregnancy leads to more intensive blood exchange in the body and increased fullness of the vessels, the membranes of which are characterized by fragility and vulnerability. Hormonal changes in the body also affect the amount of blood in them. When the walls of the vessels are weak, and the internal pressure is increased, the probability of their rupture is high. Therefore, nosebleeds during pregnancy are a common phenomenon, but it cannot be ignored.

Weak and short nasal discharge

Epistaxis occurs due to bursting of blood vessels, which is caused by various factors:

1. In the early stages and until the end of pregnancy, the most common cause is hormonal changes in the body. Weak and full vessels burst even when you blow your nose or press on your nose.

2. Dry and too warm indoor air.

3. Previous fractures, bruises, chronic rhinitis, sinusitis and other diseases that disrupt the healthy microflora of the nasal mucosa.

4. Pregnant vitamin deficiency leads to a general weakening of immunity and tissue vulnerability, including in the nasopharynx.

5. Calcium deficiency in the body of the expectant mother. The child takes this microelement in such an amount that he needs for constant development, so it is important to use it as part of food or in vitamins.

6. Sleep disturbances, fatigue or anxiety.

Such bleeding occurs most often in the morning.

Heavy and prolonged bleeding

Intense and prolonged blood discharge - extremely dangerous symptom, which is characterized by a rich scarlet color of the biological fluid and its strong jet stream. pregnant in this case should be sent to a specialist immediately.

The following factors can provoke it:

1. An increase in pressure, which can become a factor in abortion. If nosebleeds are accompanied by dizziness, headaches and ripples in the eyes, then there is hypertension. It is urgent to measure the pressure and (in case of confirmation of its jump up) immediately seek the help of doctors.

2. Increased blood pressure and blood from the nose in the later stages is accompanied by severe prolonged toxicosis. This condition is dangerous, it is urgent to consult a doctor.

3. Impaired blood clotting. To confirm this reason, it is necessary to pass the analysis as soon as possible.

4. Infectious diseases accompanied by fever. Overheating is fraught with impaired blood flow, fragility of blood vessels and drying of the nasal mucosa, which in combination and individually leads to epistaxis.

The nature of bleeding can be determined by the time at which they occur. Morning nosebleeds are more harmless. At night, its cause can be both daytime damage to blood vessels or dry, stale air in the room, as well as serious health problems: high blood pressure, venous congestion in the brain regions, altered composition and impaired blood clotting.

First aid for nosebleeds in a pregnant woman

It is strictly forbidden to tilt your head back so as not to provoke vomiting, and to blow your nose in order to avoid increased bleeding. During epistaxis, the following procedure must be followed:

The woman needs to sit down and tilt her head forward.
Apply a cold compress to the bridge of your nose. An ordinary wet wipe, a towel moistened with water, or an ice cube wrapped in a cloth will do.
Ensure fresh air enters the room.
Gently remove blood clots from the nostrils with a cotton swab treated with hydrogen peroxide, then rinse the nasal passages with plain water.
Lubricate the inner surface with any vegetable oil to soften and release the crusts.

Prevention of nosebleeds

To stop bleeding from the nose during pregnancy, you must:

carefully monitor the cleanliness and humidity of the air in residential and office premises;
strengthen the immune system with a balanced proper diet and a complex of vitamins for pregnant women;
in every possible way to avoid hypothermia and public places during outbreaks of colds (a runny nose as a symptom of SARS provokes bleeding);
after the approval of the attending physician, moisten the nasal mucosa with water and sea salt;
try to live without stress and worries.

Any health problem, including nosebleeds, has prerequisites and solutions. Therefore, it is important for pregnant women to take preventive measures and contact a competent specialist for help as soon as possible after the onset of a symptom.

Pregnancy is a period of large-scale restructuring of the body, when many organs and systems are subjected to increased stress, a woman becomes especially vulnerable. In this regard, many existing diseases are exacerbated, and some problems arise that a woman has not had to deal with before. In particular, many pregnant women note the appearance or increase in nosebleeds, while complaining that they are quite difficult to stop.

Are nosebleeds dangerous during pregnancy?

Bleeding from the nose, unlike toxicosis, irritability, usually comes as a surprise to a pregnant woman and therefore frightens her, is perceived as a sign of serious abnormalities, diseases.

In fact, such bleeding is a normal physiological phenomenon, and in most cases does not pose a danger to either the health of the mother or her unborn child. An exception is reduced blood clotting, in which even harmless nosebleeds can lead to significant blood loss. Quite rarely, bleeding is associated with damage not to capillaries, but to larger vessels, in these cases it is plentiful, it is difficult to stop it, blood loss can pose a serious threat to health.

It should also be borne in mind that one of the possible causes of nosebleeds is high blood pressure, and this condition has a very negative effect on the course of pregnancy. Therefore, when a woman not only bleeds from her nose, but also has a headache or dizziness, darkens or stars float in her eyes, it is necessary to measure the pressure and consult a doctor if it turns out to be elevated.

Any disease during pregnancy can be dangerous for the child, while the disease should be treated with the most gentle means. Read about herbs for coughing during pregnancy.

Possible causes of the phenomenon

What are the causes of nosebleeds in pregnant women? The degree of danger of nosebleeds is directly related to its cause. Hormonal changes associated with pregnancy cause a number of changes in the body:

blood flow increases and the load on the vessels increases;
due to a more active blood supply, the nasal mucosa becomes more loose and sensitive, vulnerable;
the walls of blood vessels become thinner, their fragility increases.

Therefore, nosebleeds are often one of the characteristic signs of pregnancy.

In this regard, intensive blowing of the nose, attempts to clear the nose of dried crusts, even a simple drying of the mucous membrane is enough to cause bleeding from the nose. These factors cause capillary bleeding, lean and quickly stopping.

But not only capillaries and arterioles, abundantly penetrating the anterior part of the nasal septum, become fragile and vulnerable during pregnancy, but also arteries concentrated in the posterior and upper parts of the nasal cavity. In some diseases of the nose, their damage occurs, accompanied by profuse bleeding in the form of a scarlet jet, with such symptoms, prompt medical attention is needed.

Another cause of nosebleeds is high blood pressure, which often accompanies pregnancy and causes a whole range of symptoms.

What can a warning sign indicate?

In the first trimester of pregnancy, nosebleeds, as a rule, are the result of hormonal changes, and at a later date it can signal blood clotting disorders and vascular vulnerability due to beriberi. In addition, the time of day when bleeding is predominantly observed, their frequency matters.

If the problem occurs at night

Nocturnal bleeding during pregnancy may be a delayed reaction to the fact that the vessels of the nose were injured during the day. So the body can react to heat and stuffiness in the room, an increase in atmospheric pressure. In addition, nosebleeds at night can be a sign of:

increased arterial or intracranial pressure;
venous congestion in certain parts of the brain;
changes in blood composition and vascular permeability;
blood clotting disorders.

If the nose bleeds in the morning

During pregnancy, morning nosebleeds are a typical reaction to hormonal changes in the body; they may also indicate beriberi and a lack of calcium (usually bleeding gums are also observed in this case), and impaired blood clotting.

Nosebleeds in pregnant women after sleep may mean that the woman did not get enough sleep due to any discomfort, stress, or poor indoor climate. Sometimes getting up early in the morning raises your blood pressure and causes your nose to bleed. Morning nosebleeds are also a sign of cardiovascular disease, but in pregnant women, the causes are usually more innocuous.

If the problem occurs frequently

Even if the nose bleeds no more than once a week, it is worth informing the gynecologist about this and undergoing an additional examination. If bleeding occurs even more often, it is necessary to check the blood for clotting. If there is frequent bleeding from the nose, in the absence of pathological changes, there are enough vitamins to strengthen blood vessels, but if clotting is impaired, consultation with a hematologist and appropriate treatment, taking into account the condition of the woman, is necessary. Recurrent nosebleeds outside of pregnancy are caused by neoplasms or serious diseases of the kidneys, heart, liver, so it is better to conduct a detailed examination to exclude these factors.

How to Stop a Bleeding Nose: First Aid

What to do if a pregnant woman's nose is bleeding? Standard methods for stopping nosebleeds during pregnancy are not always effective. The easiest way is to pinch your nose with your fingers and wait until the bleeding stops, the blood clot, and then carefully remove the formed clots. But in pregnant women, the mucous membrane is so sensitive that clotted blood clots will irritate it greatly, and their removal usually leads to another damage to the vessels and the resumption of bleeding.

Therefore, you should not immediately try to stop the blood by pinching your nostrils, another one will do. action plan.

Tilt your head over the washbasin (tray) and allow the blood to drain calmly; if small vessels are damaged, bleeding quickly stops.
Apply an ice pack to your nose or just a handkerchief soaked in cold water.
Remove the remnants of blood from the mucosa to prevent its irritation with dried blood. It is best to use a swab dipped in hydrogen peroxide for this purpose.
Lubricate the inside of the nostrils with vaseline gel or any cosmetic vegetable oil to soften the remaining blood clots and facilitate their separation from the mucosa. Salt solutions also moisturize the mucous well and prevent recurrence of bleeding.

Not always the blood stops on its own, without additional measures. At home, in such cases, you need to go to another scheme.

A small swab of dry or peroxide-moistened cotton wool is placed in the nose, and the wing of the nose is pressed with fingers. It is not recommended to use as an impregnation of a tampon a remedy for the treatment of a runny nose during pregnancy. It is better to raise the hand from the side of the bleeding nostril up and hold it for a while.
For an hour, cold should be applied to the back of the head, alternating periods of exposure with breaks of the same duration (4-5 minutes).
When the blood stops, the mucosa is cauterized with a solution of silver nitrate or chromic acid so that the bleeding does not resume.

If these measures do not help, the bleeding does not stop for a quarter of an hour, you must go to the hospital for tamponade. Gauze turundas impregnated with medicine are placed in the anterior nasal cavity for at least a day, and sometimes for 3-4 days, the medicinal impregnation is refreshed every day. This procedure is performed in a hospital, and until the bleeding stops and for some time after the woman is under the supervision of doctors. In difficult cases, a posterior tamponade is also performed, which is longer.

It is impossible to throw back your head and lie on your back with nosebleeds, while you can choke on blood, and its entry into the stomach is fraught with bloody vomiting. You should not blow your nose either, this will only aggravate the situation, the blood will flow even more intensely.

Possible treatment regimens

How to treat a pregnant woman if she often or occasionally bleeds from her nose? With regular nosebleeds, a pregnant woman should be examined to determine their cause, in accordance with which treatment is prescribed.

If the bleeding is caused by serious causes - hypertension and other diseases associated with increased pressure, diseases of the nose, leading to damage to large blood vessels, decreased blood clotting, treatment of the underlying disease is prescribed. As a rule, it is carried out in a hospital setting.
If epistaxis develops due to runny nose (rhinitis), the underlying disease is treated, and the doctor should prescribe medications, some drugs for the common cold during pregnancy are contraindicated. Drops and sprays should not dry out the mucous membrane, otherwise the risk of bleeding increases. To facilitate the removal of dried crusts after a runny nose and prevent injury to the mucous membrane, it is recommended to put tampons with vaseline oil in the nose.
If the reason is increased sensitivity of the mucosa and thinning of the vascular walls, prescribe vitamin-mineral complexes that regulate metabolism in tissues and strengthen blood vessels, as well as having an antioxidant effect. This is:
- Askorutin- a drug to reduce vascular permeability, is also effective in the complex treatment of the common cold.
- Aevit- a complex of vitamins that enhances immunity, promotes tissue regeneration, renewal of epithelial cells.
- Preparations calcium.
- Vitamin K.

Preventive measures are also important:

drink more fluids;
maintain optimal temperature and humidity in the room;
walk more often in the fresh air;
carefully brush your nose.

Nosebleeds often plague expectant mothers throughout pregnancy, but go away on their own shortly after delivery. Often this phenomenon is explained by changes occurring in the body, is not dangerous and is not a cause for concern, but nosebleeds can also be a sign of serious disorders - high blood pressure, reduced blood clotting.

Elena Malysheva will tell about nosebleeds in the video below.

Therefore, it is better to report them to a doctor who can assess the degree of danger. Usually, nosebleeds are easy enough to stop at home, and the prevention of beriberi, a healthy lifestyle, and nasal hygiene will help prevent relapses.

Almost every pregnant woman at the sight of blood from the nose begins to worry about her health and worry about whether this condition will affect the development of the fetus. What can a woman testify to when carrying a child, and what methods should be used to stop it? Many pregnant women want to know the answer to this question.

Possible causes of nosebleeds in pregnancy

In most cases, nosebleeds in pregnant women are a common physiological feature that occurs during hormonal changes in the female body after conception. These changes include:

Increased pressure on blood vessels.
Increased blood flow.
Thinning and fragility of vascular tissues.

As a result of these factors, the nasal mucosa becomes vulnerable, fragile and prone to damage.

Sometimes a nosebleed can be caused by high blood pressure. In addition, there are other pathologies that provoke the condition:

Avitaminosis
Diseases in which blood clotting is impaired
Mechanical injury
Preeclampsia
Stagnation of blood in the veins of the brain
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
kidney failure
Neoplasms
Calcium deficiency in the body

Useful video - Causes of nosebleeds:

Among the factors that affect the occurrence of nosebleeds, we can distinguish:

Drying out of the nasal mucosa
Stressful situation
Violations of the optimal parameters of indoor air
Bad environmental situation
sleep deprivation
Hyperthermia with colds
Overheating of the body
Irritability
Using some nasal drops
Nosebleeds can develop against the background of blowing your nose.

There are many reasons why nosebleeds can occur. However, this condition is often caused by hormonal changes.

Dangerous signs for which you need to see a specialist

Usually, nosebleeds in a pregnant woman are not a dangerous symptom. Therefore, when bleeding is not periodic, stops quickly, and there are no other signs, then this condition should not disturb the pregnant woman.

When bleeding, not only small vessels (capillaries) are damaged, but also large ones. It is not easy to stop the bleeding from the nose in this case.

In addition, it can lead to a large loss of blood, which is life-threatening. Indicate damage to the veins or arteries can be abundant flow of scarlet fluid from both nostrils.

But you need to know what signs of nosebleeds may indicate the presence of a pathology that can lead to serious consequences for the pregnant woman and the fetus.

Also, a pregnant woman should urgently consult a specialist if nosebleeds are accompanied by the following symptoms:

Dizziness
Headache of different nature and intensity
Blurred eyes
Noise in ears
Pre-fainting state
General weakness
Big puffiness
Dark circles around the eyes
Redness of the skin of the face
Dyspnea

A pregnant woman should consult a doctor if nosebleeds become very frequent and cannot be stopped quickly.

When bleeding from the nose, you need to know how to provide first aid yourself. You need to know that all actions are aimed at stopping the flow of blood from the nose.

Therefore, the basic rules for helping with this condition are:

Sit in the correct position so that the head is slightly tilted forward. This is necessary so that the blood does not flow into the esophageal passages.
Apply an ice compress to the back of the head and bridge of the nose. If it is not available, you can use a cloth that needs to be moistened in cold water.
Press the nostrils lightly against the walls of the nasal passages. Breathing is done through the mouth.

If after these steps the bleeding has not stopped, then you can try the following method - the introduction of cotton swabs into the nasal passages (for about half an hour). It can also be soaked in a 3% peroxide solution.

It is not allowed to throw back the head and blow your nose with nosebleeds.

After stopping the bleeding, it is necessary for a pregnant woman to measure the pressure. When it is high (higher than twenty millimeters of mercury and more), then it is necessary to call an ambulance, because not all drugs that normalize pressure can be used during pregnancy.

It is also important to remember that if a woman has a nosebleed, then this may be more of a physiological feature of the hormonal work of the body during pregnancy. Therefore, in no case should you panic, get nervous and immediately call an ambulance in the first minutes. You should call the doctor if there are dangerous signs that accompany nosebleeds, as well as if blood continues to flow for about ten minutes after first aid has been provided.

Is there a danger to the fetus?

The development of the fetus can be affected by some pathological conditions, a symptom of which is bleeding from the nose.

These factors include:

Avitaminosis and calcium deficiency. The fetus needs a large amount of nutrients for growth and development. With a lack of calcium or vitamins C and K, the formation of organ systems may not occur correctly.
High blood pressure. May indicate the development of preeclampsia, the so-called preeclampsia. This is due to the fact that the increase in pressure negatively affects the uteroplacental circulation.

It is important to say that any disease, the symptom of which is nosebleeds, can be dangerous for the development of the fetus. Therefore, a pregnant woman does not need to ignore the dangerous signs and immediately consult a doctor.

The following are considered to be serious consequences of nosebleeds during pregnancy, which are caused by the pathological conditions of a woman:

Significant blood loss. This usually happens if large blood vessels are damaged or a woman has a reduced blood clotting index.
Complications of the course of pregnancy. With various pathologies, they can be any - up to the loss of a child.
Stroke. That is why you should control blood pressure in pregnant women.

These complications can be avoided if you consult a doctor in time if you have dangerous symptoms that indicate possible pathological conditions.

Medical treatment

Treatment in the first place should be aimed at eliminating the underlying causes of nosebleeds. To find out the cause, a pregnant woman needs to undergo a series of studies.

And only after establishing the diagnosis, the specialist prescribes medication:

If no deviations were found in the analyzes, then usually vitamin complexes are prescribed in this case, for example, Aevit and Askorutin.
High blood pressure that causes nosebleeds is treated during pregnancy in a hospital. Usually, a specialist prescribes drugs to reduce and normalize pressure.
When, as a result of tests, hypocalcemia (lack of calcium) is detected in a pregnant woman, the woman will be advised to take drugs that contain this substance.
To reduce the vulnerability of the nasal mucosa and strengthen the walls of blood vessels, drugs are prescribed that have the property of protecting blood vessels.

If the bleeding does not go away for a long time, then the pregnant woman will have to be treated in a hospital, where she will be prescribed hemostatic agents.

A pregnant woman needs to be treated with safe, mildly acting and not affecting the fetus. Therefore, it is better to entrust the choice of drugs to a specialist, and not self-medicate.

Folk remedies

At home, you can use alternative medicine. Especially such recipes are suitable for those women who often have nosebleeds.

These prescriptions for bleeding include:

Washing the nose with alum powder, which can be purchased at the pharmacy. Half a teaspoon of the product is dissolved in water (a glass) and the nasal passages are washed. This remedy effectively stops the blood and reduces the frequency of bleeding.
Nettle juice swab is another method. Nettle is considered a hemostatic and wound healing plant. The tampon is left in the nostril for fifteen minutes.
Ingestion of a small piece of leaf. With frequent bleeding, it is recommended to use this method daily before meals for two weeks.
Also, to prevent nosebleeds, you can bury the nose with plantain or nettle juice, a few drops in each nostril. In addition, you can drink decoctions of these medicinal herbs.

You can stop bleeding using an ointment of the following ingredients:

pepper mountaineer
viburnum leaves
yarrow
Nettle
Shepherd's bag

A tablespoon of raw materials is mixed with petroleum jelly. If necessary, lubricate the nasal mucosa.

It is important to remember that pregnant women should consult with a specialist before using folk remedies about the possibility of their use.