Why did the mucus come out light brown in pregnant women? Diagnosis and treatment of the disease. When it's safe

30.05.2019

Hooray! Finally, the coveted two stripes on the BB test. And suddenly, after a few days, brown discharge appears during pregnancy. Naturally, this becomes a reason for worry. In order to calm down or take any urgent measures, you need to consult a gynecologist. It is better to play it safe once again than to waste time and not do everything necessary to maintain the pregnancy, if necessary.

As practice shows, brown discharge during pregnancy in many cases should not be a cause for excitement. If their occurrence is painless and not accompanied by other uncomfortable sensations, then this phenomenon is most likely not caused by a pathological condition. But when brown discharge in the first trimester of pregnancy is combined with a deterioration in well-being, then this is a symptom of processes that threaten the life of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Almost everyone has brown discharge at the beginning of pregnancy. Their appearance can be explained by various physiological processes that accompany the period of bearing a child.

The fertilized egg attaches to the placenta about 5-6 days after ovulation. Implantation is carried out in 3 stages. On the first, the ovum attaches to the superficial epithelium of the uterus as soon as it enters its cavity. At the second stage, the microvilli of the fertilized egg begin to actively interact with the epithelial cells of the inner lining of the uterus. On the third, the egg secretes special substances that dissolve the endometrium and connects with the maternal circulatory system. Since minor damage to the small blood capillaries occurs, a small amount of blood is excreted. The amount of implantation bleeding differs from woman to woman.

Sometimes it is almost imperceptible, and in other cases it can be mistaken for premature menstruation. In most women, this dark discharge during pregnancy is usually scarce and short-lived (up to two days). This is a normal physiological manifestation of conception. Only very sensitive women can notice mild pain in the lower abdomen.

Light brown discharge in early pregnancy can be caused by hormonal instability that inevitably occurs in a woman's body. Their painless appearance is usually not dangerous. But it is still better to inform the observing gynecologist about them.

Pathological discharge from the genitals is almost always accompanied by a sensation of pain of varying intensity. If a brownish tint is a symptom of inflammation, then, as a rule, the discharge has an unpleasant, rotten smell. With endometritis, discharge of a dirty yellow color with an admixture of blood is observed. In this case, the temperature can rise above 39 ° C. This is a dangerous disease that threatens with infection of the amniotic fluid and fetal death at any stage of pregnancy. Only on time started treatment, prescribed by a gynecologist, will prevent the development of all kinds of complications. Any delay, like self-therapy, in this case is unacceptable.

Brown discharge in the first 3 months of pregnancy in many women occurs on the days when menstruation should have begun. This happens when the level of the hormone progesterone decreases. During this period, the likelihood of spontaneous abortion increases many times over. The appearance of a bloody daub indicates the onset of detachment of the ovum. In this case, you need to call an ambulance and lie down so that your legs are above the level of your head. The faster the discharge stops and the pain subsides, the greater the likelihood of the safe preservation of the fetus. Since brown discharge during early pregnancy is often a harbinger of miscarriage, increased attention should be paid to their appearance. The risks of spontaneous abortion are increased in cases of:

an infectious disease of a pregnant woman (rubella, chickenpox, cytomegalovirus, etc.);
chronic TORCH infections;
inflammation of the kidneys and bladder;
previous abortions;
a sharp increase in weight;
wrong hormonal levels;
stress or sudden fright;
Rh-conflict between mother and fetus;
genetic disorders of the fetus.

The process begins with the onset of contractions of the uterus, which are expressed by cramping pain. These contractions lead to detachment of the fixed ovum. There are several stages of spontaneous abortion:

The symptoms of the growing threat of miscarriage are the increased tone of the uterus. In this case, there may be mild aching pains in the uterus, radiating to the lower back, and minor spotting. These symptoms are not always present.
The onset of spontaneous abortion is expressed by the appearance of severe cramping pains and bloody discharge of various volumes.
A spontaneous abortion in progress is characterized by severe cramping pain. The bleeding is always profuse.

Treatment for pregnant women who have had spontaneous abortions in the past begins in the first trimester. In this case, the reasons that provoked the spontaneous termination of pregnancy must be taken into account. For women with a threat of miscarriage, first of all, it is recommended to observe strict bed rest. The emotional state is stabilized with the help of valerian or motherwort. If necessary, hormone therapy is prescribed. In the presence of concomitant diseases, appropriate treatment is carried out

Sometimes the fetus stops developing as a result of death due to various reasons. In this case, we are talking about a frozen pregnancy. It can only be diagnosed after 6 weeks, when the fetus has a heartbeat. In the event that the rhythm of the heart is not audible, and the size of the uterus corresponds to the period, a frozen pregnancy is assumed. In such a situation, gynecologists prescribe curettage of the uterus, since a long retention of a dead fetus in the mother's body will cause an inflammatory process in the organ, and in severe cases, it threatens with general sepsis.

One of the most severe complications, an ectopic pregnancy, is also characterized by the appearance of dark brown discharge in early pregnancy. Adhesions of the fallopian tube, a lack of hormones, weakening the movements of the organ moving the oocyte, prevent the ovum from entering the uterine cavity. Since a fertilized egg must attach to the mucous membrane at a certain stage of its development, its fixation occurs where it has managed to get. Most often it is the fallopian tube, sometimes the ovary, and in very rare cases, the ovum begins to develop in the abdominal cavity.

A woman manages to save her life only if an ectopic pregnancy is detected in a timely manner. The ultrasound method allows you to diagnose the pathological attachment of the embryo at the sixth week. When diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy, an operation is prescribed to remove the ovum. If it is attached to the fallopian tube, it is removed using 3 methods: without dissecting it, with part or with complete excision of the organ.

The laparoscopic method of performing the operation assumes the least damage to the body and minimization of subsequent cosmetic defects. Because ectopic pregnancies are often associated with significant blood loss, treatment involves replenishing body fluids. Physical and antibiotic therapy may be needed to fully restore fertility.

There are many reasons for the appearance of brownish discharge before the 13th week of pregnancy. Some of them may not cause concern to the gynecologist. The other involves conservative or surgical treatment. From 13 to 28 weeks, brown discharge in pregnant women is always threatening. During the entire period, they can be a sign of the pathological location of the placenta. If the ovum is fixed in the lower part of the uterus, then in this case we are talking about placenta previa.

Most often, this condition is diagnosed at the beginning of the second trimester by ultrasound. Full presentation excludes the likelihood of natural childbirth and threatens massive bleeding by the end of pregnancy. In this case, a cesarean section is prescribed. In some cases of partial presentation, natural childbirth is possible. Bleeding with this pathology can be regular and scanty. But sudden heavy bleeding, caused by presentation and fatal to the pregnant woman, can also occur. It can start during childbirth. In this case, prompt obstetric aid is necessary. In all situations, frequent bleeding harms the fetus, causing hypoxia.

Brown discharge during pregnancy at any time can appear in the presence of fibroids. A growth of considerable size can put pressure on the embryo. And the close location of the fibroid to the placenta threatens its partial or complete detachment. Therefore, the presence of fibroids in a pregnant woman is a reason for closer attention to her condition.

Placental abruption, which is a brownish discharge, can be caused by a wide variety of causes. Gynecologists put hypertension on the 1st place. Among other reasons provoking this condition, numerous pregnancies, cesarean sections, and multiple pregnancies are called. Among external causes, smoking and abdominal injuries are of primary importance. The first degree of placental abruption may not manifest itself. It will be possible to determine this condition only with an ultrasound scan.

Dark spotting is characteristic of the second degree of placental abruption. In the third degree, the condition of a pregnant woman deteriorates sharply. Severe abdominal pains appear, pressure drops, bleeding is usually insignificant. In all cases, the pregnant woman is placed in a hospital and stabilized with hemostatic drugs.

End of pregnancy

The appearance of brown discharge from the genitals of a pregnant woman after the 28th week of the term in most cases signals the readiness of her body for childbirth. A couple of weeks in front of them, the reproductive system begins to signal directly about this event. One of the signs of preparation is shortening, softening and the beginning of the opening of the cervix. The mucous membrane is easily injured during sex or a pelvic exam. There is no pain whatsoever. And the brown daub stops after a couple of hours.

Light brown discharge during late pregnancy can appear when the mucous plug, which protected the uterine cavity from the penetration of various infections, may appear.

In all cases of the occurrence of brown discharge during pregnancy, these processes should be discussed with a gynecologist. Only he can correctly assess the degree of danger and possible risks. And to self-medicate and unauthorized use of various medications is a crime against your own child.

All events accompanying pregnancy should be supervised by a gynecologist. To avoid most of the problems, an early full examination of future parents for the presence or absence of chronic diseases will help. It is necessary to give up bad habits in advance, balance the diet and physically prepare for a very difficult period called pregnancy.

Pregnancy from the first days is accompanied by hormonal surprises and changes in the usual way of life of a woman. The restructuring of the body during pregnancy, among other changes, leads to mucous discharge from the vagina. Depending on their color, consistency, smell and abundance, it is possible to diagnose the normal state of health of the mother and fetus, as well as respond in time to the development of possible pathologies and threats. Therefore, such an identifier as mucous discharge during pregnancy should be constantly monitored by the woman and her attending physician. Let's consider what kind of discharge are in nature and color, and what this means for the expectant mother and her child.

In the terminology of obstetric and gynecological practice, white mucous discharge during pregnancy is called leukorrhea.
Leucorrhea is a completely normal physiological feature of every woman in the absence of other complaints in the labia and vagina.
In order to make sure that the discharge is natural, gynecologists take a general smear on the flora of the vagina and for bacterial culture.
It is leukorrhea that is called the protective function of the body, which "turns on" under certain hormonal conditions - after the conception of a new life.
Protection of the antenatal and birth canal is the reaction of the body of the expectant mother, inherent at the level of genetics.
If the tests show a sufficient cleanliness of the vagina, in the absence of other factors, the mother should not worry about the child, as well as about the nature and abundance of the discharge.
If a woman before pregnancy had abundant discharge due to physiological characteristics, it means that in the first stages of pregnancy they will be even more, and if scarce, accordingly not so large. Although excess discharge, more than a pantyliner, should be a reason for additional consultation with a supervising doctor, it is by no means a reason for using tampons.

Types of mucous discharge from the vagina during pregnancy

Usually, normal mucous discharge is not accompanied by pain, itching, burning or other discomfort for a woman. Although there are different cases - especially dangerous and less, and there are individual reactions to different factors. Therefore, the expectant mother always needs to keep her finger on the pulse and not let any symptoms take their course, even if they disappeared as suddenly as they appeared.

Mucous discharge in early pregnancy

The first trimester is usually considered the most difficult for a woman - adaptation. Among the various changes that must be monitored by a doctor and the expectant mother herself, there is an acute issue of monitoring vaginal discharge.
Indeed, the first weeks and even months are especially dangerous for an immature fetus and spontaneous miscarriage. In this case, discharge can become the first and main bell for understanding the situation and prompt reaction to pathologically dangerous changes during pregnancy.
Normal mucous secretions in the first months of pregnancy can be considered transparent smears with a slightly viscous consistency.
Depending on the individual characteristics, which every woman must have, the discharge can normally acquire a slightly whitish color.
It is not so difficult to determine the normal consistency of the mucous fluid coming out of the vagina during pregnancy: viscous discharge should easily stretch between the fingers, resembling the white of a chicken egg or simply transparent snot.
As for the smell, it should not exist in principle, or at least not any of its unpleasant forms.
A mandatory point is the number of secretions in the first trimester - there should be very few of them. That is, they should not cause discomfort and disturb a woman in principle. If, nevertheless, you are not very pleased with this state of affairs, use a daily cotton pad, in no case use a vaginal tampon.
Discharge in the first months of pregnancy is completely due to the production of the pregnancy hormone - progesterone. Its tasks include protecting the fetus from external influences before the formation of the placenta and actually helping in its formation.
It is progesterone that stimulates the formation of a mucous plug, which prevents the entry of pathogens from the vagina into the uterus. And it contributes to the successful attachment of the ovum to the endometrium of the uterus. It is the mucous discharge of a transparent nature of a viscous consistency that is a sign of the normal course of pregnancy, namely, the formation of protection for the embryo.
The release of progesterone will continue until the end of the formation of the placenta.
Any changes in discharge in color and consistency in the first months of pregnancy, even minor ones, should alert the expectant mother and become a reason for immediate medical attention.

Mucous discharge in late pregnancy

The change in discharge after the first trimester is due to the correction of the hormonal background.

After the end of the formation of the placenta, under the action of progesterone, another hormone, estrogen, begins to be produced.
At this stage, the mucous discharge from the vagina changes its consistency and intensity, from viscous and scanty, to more liquid and abundant.
In later stages of pregnancy, when the tummy begins to grow more rapidly, clear vaginal discharge can also appear with sneezing, harsh coughing and ringing laughter. Don't worry about this. This is due to the fact that the increasing weight of the baby begins to squeeze the bladder and urethral canals, and this provokes the uncontrolled release of translucent fluid from the genitourinary system.
To prevent such cases even when planning a pregnancy, doctors recommend special exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor. They are quite simple: you just need to go to the toilet in a semi-standing position, while straining the hip joint, as well as the muscles of the buttocks and legs.
In the third trimester, when there is very little time left before childbirth, the cervix begins to open gradually, preparing for their resolution. When the cervix is open enough, a woman can feel the separation and exit of the mucous plug of the birth canal with possible blood impurities. Including this can happen after active intercourse, as a result of "rubbing" the cervix. This manifestation is a significant reason for an unscheduled visit to an obstetrician-gynecologist. So pregnant women and their partners need to be careful in love joys before childbirth.
At the end of pregnancy, at 34 - 35 weeks, a sweetish smelling liquid with a slight yellowness that comes out of the vagina may be amniotic fluid. It is important not to confuse urethral discharge with birth fluid. A distinctive feature for a woman in this case should be a smell. If you experience a leakage of amniotic fluid at any stage of pregnancy, call an ambulance immediately and notify your doctor.

I would like to summarize that any vaginal discharge in late pregnancy can be the result of several factors:

normal discharge during pregnancy;
regular leakage of fluid from the urethra;
exfoliation of amniotic fluid;
a sign of sexual illness.

Nonspecific mucous discharge during pregnancy and their color

Nonspecific vaginal discharge during pregnancy is called if it has a smell, texture, color and abundance unusual for the natural microflora. The reason for this state of affairs can be pathological microorganisms, infections and inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs. Most often, the cause of such discharge is vaginal and intestinal bacteria: fungi, staphylococci, gardnerella, Escherichia coli and other pathogens. Acute and abrupt onset of a sign of a particular disease indicates that the infection has entered the mother's body even before pregnancy, and its activation at the time of hormonal changes. Therefore, it is extremely important to exclude all foci of infection even before the moment of conception.

Yellow mucous discharge during pregnancy

Such secretions are a sign of advanced inflammation. Yellow discharge appears with purulent vaginal infections. This can happen when exposed to pathogenic bacteria, for example, gonococci, staphylococci and other microorganisms.

Green mucous discharge during pregnancy

The active phase of an infectious disease is indicated by a greenish vaginal discharge. If the consistency looks like a lot of bubbles, this is, without a doubt, a sign of gonorrhea or trichomoniasis. These genital diseases are usually accompanied by a burning sensation when urinating, itching and painful symptoms of the external genital organs.

Bright yellow mucous discharge during pregnancy

If a woman, while in position, noticed non-specific discharge of a bright yellow color, you should immediately consult a doctor. The fact is that it is this type of secretion that is dangerous for the fetus, since it indicates inflammation of the fallopian tubes or ovaries. Such a bacterial infection could well have been present in the incubation state in the mother's body even before conception, manifesting itself only during pregnancy.

Pink mucous discharge during pregnancy

A change in the color of discharge towards reddish or pink is a signal of the presence of blood in the vagina. This is the worst sign in pregnancy. If, according to the schedule, this period coincides with the dates of regular menstruation, then the excitement is in vain. However, if you feel aching pain in the groin area, as well as sharp, spasmodic jerks in the lumbar region and placenta, you need to urgently consult a doctor and call an ambulance. Similar symptoms are a sign of an incipient miscarriage. In this case, the issue of maintaining pregnancy becomes paramount.

Brown mucous discharge during pregnancy

Mucus a little brownish during pregnancy is quite normal only if these are the so-called dangerous periods of elective menstrual bleeding.
Only a doctor can distinguish between discharge with an admixture of blood and blood secretions from the vagina. Therefore, in any case, with similar symptoms, you should immediately visit the antenatal clinic. After all, it is likely that what you will consider as a barely brown discharge may be secretion with blood.
This color of vaginal secretion can acquire at the time of separation of the ovum from the walls of the uterus in the early stages of pregnancy. Concomitant signs of irreversible processes can be blood, severe pain in the pelvic region, and even dizziness. This situation requires immediate stationary "preservation" of pregnancy.
A tubal pregnancy can also develop in similar symptoms with additional manifestations in the form of profuse bleeding and acute pain in the abdomen. An ectopic pregnancy must be terminated surgically.

The color and amount of discharge is one of the questions of interest to gynecologists when examining a pregnant woman, since a change in their characteristics may indicate pathology. And if brown discharge or blood appears, this is always an alarming symptom.

Colorless or white, mucous discharge is considered normal for a woman during pregnancy. The appearance of streaks of blood in the mucus, as well as its brown color, indicate the presence of bleeding from the uterine cavity or genital tract.

Moreover, the intensity of the color and the amount of blood released to the outside will not necessarily directly correlate with the severity of the condition: even very scanty, smearing discharge of a pale brown color can occur with serious pathology - for example, against the background of a threatening miscarriage. Therefore, for any impurities of blood and a brown tint of vaginal mucus, a mandatory consultation with a gynecologist is required.

Light brown discharge

The light brown color of the mucus indicates only an admixture of blood, that is, the bleeding in such cases is small. As a rule, light and scanty brown discharge, in the absence of other symptoms, is not dangerous and goes away rather quickly on its own. However, a doctor's examination if they occur will not be superfluous.

Dark brown discharge

Discharge of a dark brown color is also noted with bleeding from the uterus and genital tract of a pregnant woman, but most often the source of bleeding is located deep, and the released blood has time to coagulate and change color from scarlet to brown. A dark brown color indicates a rather high concentration of blood in the vaginal mucus, that is, severe bleeding is possible. Therefore, advice from a gynecologist should be obtained immediately, especially in the case of other symptoms.

Causes of brown discharge

So, the brown color of the discharge is always due to the admixture of blood. But what causes bleeding in early pregnancy and how dangerous are they?

It should be noted that brown discharge - both light and dark - is never normal. With the physiological course of pregnancy, a healthy woman should not have even the slightest impurities of blood in the discharge. However, bleeding does not necessarily indicate dangerous violations - some of the causes of its occurrence are completely harmless, they are referred to as borderline conditions, that is, on the verge between norm and pathology.

The main causes of brown discharge are:

Non-hazardous or low-risk for a pregnant woman and an unborn child: associated with pregnancy (implantation, breakthrough, due to increased blood supply and vulnerability of the mucous membranes of the genital tract); not related to pregnancy (gynecological diseases).
Dangerous causes: pregnancy-related (threat of termination and miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, frozen pregnancy, spontaneous reduction of one of the embryos in multiple pregnancies); not related to pregnancy (taking toxic drugs, severe infections, diseases of the blood coagulation system).

Non-hazardous and low-hazard reasons

Implantation bleeding - occurs when a microvessel is damaged by a fetal egg penetrating into the wall of the uterus. In a woman in the first month of pregnancy, in a period approximately corresponding to the waiting time for the next menstruation, there are not abundant smearing brown discharge for 1-2 days. They pass independently and do not require treatment.
Breakthrough bleeding that occurs cyclically throughout the first trimester and resembles menstruation. Their appearance is due to hormonal changes, as a rule, it is not dangerous and does not need any treatment.
Bleeding due to increased blood supply and increased vulnerability of the mucous membranes of the genital tract - brownish discharge occurs after minor trauma (inaccurate introduction of vaginal suppositories or tablets, medical examination, sexual intercourse). The discharge goes away on its own after a few hours or days. To prevent infection of microtraumas, the doctor may recommend washing with decoctions of antiseptic herbs (calendula, chamomile), or no treatment is required at all. But in order to avoid complications, traumatic situations should be avoided in the future (give up sex for several weeks).
Bleeding not associated with pregnancy is most often caused by gynecological diseases that existed even before conception - fibroids, cervical erosion, polyps, cysts, etc. Their treatment is usually delayed 1–2 years (until delivery and breastfeeding).

Dangerous causes

Threatened interruption and miscarriage (whether started or happened) is the most common cause of brown discharge in the early stages. With the threat of interruption for a fairly long time (several days or even weeks), a woman may only be bothered by a slight brown discharge. With the onset and accomplished miscarriage, the picture is more serious: bleeding is usually profuse, with severe abdominal pain. Treatment - only in a hospital (in case of a threat, a day hospital is enough).
Frozen pregnancy - death of the embryo for various reasons (most often - its non-viability). It is accompanied by brown discharge and the disappearance of pregnancy symptoms (nausea, breast engorgement disappear). Treatment is curettage of the uterine cavity.
Ectopic pregnancy, which occurs when the ovum is implanted outside the uterus (in the fallopian tube, cervix). The growing and increasing size of the ovum injures the walls of the organ holding it, and brown discharge may act as the first symptoms of termination of an ectopic pregnancy. Treatment - only in a hospital (emergency operation).
Spontaneous reduction (death) of one of the embryos in multiple pregnancies - the dead embryo is rejected and excreted along with mucus and blood. The remaining embryo may develop normally, or there is a threat of miscarriage. The treatment tactics are determined by the doctor.
Serious, non-pregnancy-related pathologies (bleeding with hemophilia, due to treatment with heparin, aspirin, with a severe infection, etc.) - a woman is usually aware of these conditions herself, since she had them before. Pregnant women with similar health problems are treated in a hospital setting.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to remind once again that the cause of bleeding should be identified only by a doctor. Do not reassure yourself that small brown discharge is not dangerous and will go away on its own - be sure to consult a gynecologist.

Discharge of brown color during pregnancy inevitably causes anxiety in the expectant mother. The reason for this concern is easy to understand, because the brownish color of such secretions is given by blotches of blood. And every woman knows about the danger of bleeding during pregnancy.

Indeed, brown spotting during pregnancy very often indicates various abnormalities and pathologies of the course of pregnancy. However, this does not mean that brown discharge is always an alarming symptom. In some cases, they are, if not the norm, then absolutely safe, that's for sure.

Of course, this does not mean that having found brown spotting on the linen, the pregnant woman does not have to worry - a lot depends on the accompanying symptoms, the duration of pregnancy, and so on. In any case, the first thing a woman needs to do is see a doctor. She still will not be able to diagnose on her own, and the risk is absolutely not justified.

There are many reasons that cause brown discharge during pregnancy. Some of them directly depend on the duration of pregnancy, the rest are not tied to it in any way. And, of course, it makes sense for a woman to know at least the most common of them and understand the mechanism of the appearance of secretions.

The first trimester is especially rich in the causes of brown discharge during pregnancy. In addition, it is in the early stages that the most chances are that the discharge is safe.

When brown discharge during pregnancy is the norm

In the early stages: 1-2 weeks after conception, the ovum is implanted into the lining of the uterus. During this process, small blood vessels can be damaged, and blood from which mixes with natural vaginal discharge.

In this case, there will be light brown, perhaps even beige or pink discharge during pregnancy, the consistency of the discharge is creamy. In addition, they will be single. Another distinctive feature of the discharge associated with the implantation period is that it does not cause any additional inconvenience to the woman: it has a neutral odor, does not cause itching, and is not accompanied by pain.

Another important point: at the time of the attachment of a fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus, a woman, most likely, does not yet know about her pregnancy, and often writes off the smearing brown discharge for a malfunction in the menstrual cycle. This is the question of attentiveness to your body. If you pay attention to an unusual phenomenon in time, you can assume that you are pregnant at a very early stage, when other signs have not yet appeared.

One of the reasons why spotting may occur during pregnancy is minor disruptions in the hormonal background of the pregnant woman. Such disruptions can provoke discharge around the time when, in theory, menstruation should have begun. Such a phenomenon does not pose any danger to the mother or child, it does not cause unpleasant sensations.

In this case, the discharge is also scarce, but it can last for a couple of days. Moreover, in some cases, this phenomenon can be repeated within 2-3 months after the onset of pregnancy.

Risk of miscarriage

Unfortunately, this variant of the norm ends, and complex and dangerous diagnoses begin. In the vast majority of cases, bleeding during pregnancy indicates a threat of miscarriage. Most often, the threat arises in connection with the detachment of the ovum. In the place of detachment, damaged vessels remain.

The reason for the detachment of the ovum, usually, is a lack of progesterone - a female hormone, the main function of which is to prepare the mucous membrane of the uterus - the endometrium - for the introduction of the ovum and maintenance of pregnancy until the placenta is formed. If there is little progesterone in a woman's body or it is not produced at all, the endometrium rejects the ovum.

Discharge with a threat of miscarriage can be both meager and moderate. As a rule, they also have mucus blotches. There are other symptoms: pulling pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, in some cases, vomiting.

This condition requires immediate medical attention. Therefore, upon discovering brown discharge in herself, the expectant mother should immediately call an ambulance, and then lie down and try to calm down. Any physical activity, and even more so anxiety, can only aggravate the situation.

Fortunately, with timely treatment for help, in most cases, pregnancy can be saved. A woman with symptoms of a threatened miscarriage is likely to be hospitalized and more testing done. In addition, immediate measures will be taken to preserve the pregnancy.

Women with ovum detachment are usually given drugs containing progesterone, such as morning sickness, and full bed rest until symptoms are relieved.

Ectopic pregnancy

Dark discharge during early pregnancy can also indicate a more unpleasant diagnosis: an ectopic pregnancy. As the name implies, we are talking about cases when a fertilized egg is attached not in the uterine cavity, but in the fallopian tube.

The danger of such a situation is obvious: as the fetus grows, it can simply rupture the fallopian tube, which will lead to internal bleeding. And this is already a threat to the life of the mother. In addition, it will not be possible to restore the tube after this, so that an ectopic pregnancy can lead to a deterioration in reproductive function.

Like most pathologies, an ectopic pregnancy causes other symptoms besides bleeding. In particular, pulling pain in the abdomen. Usually from the side of the tube where the ovum is fixed.

In the case of an ectopic pregnancy, it is no less important to start treatment on time than in the case of a threat of miscarriage, although the treatment will be radically different. Unfortunately, in this case, there is no talk of preserving the pregnancy, it is surgically removed.

Bubble drift

Another, extremely unpleasant, pathology is called cystic drift. The causes of this complication are not fully understood, but it is noticed that the fetus in this case always has deviations in the chromosome set. As a result, the theory arose that this pathology occurs when an egg is fertilized simultaneously by 2 spermatozoa, or by one, but having a double set of chromosomes. As a result, the fetus either has a triple set of chromosomes: 23 - from the mother, and 46 - from the father, or the number of chromosomes turns out to be regular, but they are all paternal.

Since it is the paternal cells that are responsible for the development of the placenta and the amniotic fluid, this pathology mainly affects them. Instead of forming a full-fledged placenta, a benign tumor forms on the walls of the uterus: multiple cysts consisting of bubbles with fluid of various sizes.

Such a pathology can develop in different ways. Sometimes only part of the placental tissue is pathological. In this case, they speak of a partial cystic drift. Most often, the fetus in this case dies in the second trimester, but there is a likelihood of a normal baby being born.

Complete bladder drift is characterized by a change in all tissues of the placenta. In this case, the embryo dies early. Moreover, occasionally, the affected tissue penetrates into the muscle tissue of the uterus. In this case, tumor bubbles can enter the bloodstream and metastasize. Usually in the vagina and lungs.

Bubble drift manifests itself as bloody discharge, sometimes bubbles are found in them. In addition, the woman experiences nausea, sometimes vomiting. Less commonly, women suffer from headaches and high blood pressure. To clarify the diagnosis, an ultrasound scan and a blood test for hCG are performed.

An ultrasound will show the structure of the placenta, the condition of the fetus, the absence of a heartbeat. In addition, the level of hCG in patients with cystic drift jumps several times.

If a woman is diagnosed with this pathology, then the fetus and pathological tissue are removed, and in some cases the uterus has to be removed. If the skid can be removed, then after that it must be examined. The fact is that some women develop cancer on the basis of this pathology.

After removal of the cystic drift, the woman is under the supervision of a doctor for some time. If everything goes well, then in 1-2 years the woman will be able to give birth again. Fortunately, cystic drift is extremely rare, no more than 1 time per thousand pregnant women.

Reasons in the second trimester

In the second trimester of pregnancy, there are reasons for bleeding. Unfortunately, they are all deviations from the norm, which means they threaten the condition of the mother and child. And, of course, they need treatment.

Placental abruption

One of the causes of brown discharge in the second trimester is placental abruption. This phenomenon is dangerous for both the mother and the child. First, the exfoliated placenta is not able to adequately supply the fetus with oxygen and nutrients. In addition, the mother may experience severe bleeding due to placental abruption.

Most often, women with high blood pressure and women who smoke are faced with this problem. Scars on the uterus from abortion or cesarean section, abdominal trauma during pregnancy, or a too short umbilical cord can provoke this pathology.

Detachment is manifested by bleeding of varying degrees of severity: from smearing discharge to profuse bleeding, as well as pulling pain in the uterus and tension in the lower abdomen. Most often, detachment of a small part of the placenta occurs, although in rare cases, complete detachment can occur.

Detachment of the placenta is not treatable, so it is usually a caesarean section. In mild cases, they try to postpone it until 30-36 weeks, when there is a chance to save the child. If the situation requires immediate intervention, an emergency caesarean section is performed.

Placenta previa

The diagnosis of "placenta previa" is made when the placenta partially or completely covers the pharynx of the uterus. In this case, the enlarging fetus puts more and more pressure on the placenta and can damage the vessels located on it, which provokes bleeding. Due to high blood pressure, detachment of the placenta can also occur, but in most cases, such complications can be avoided.

Naturally, offering the placenta makes natural delivery impossible. There remains only a cesarean section. In addition, this position of the placenta makes it necessary to closely monitor the condition of the fetus, since it can transmit important vessels, which will provoke oxygen starvation.

Reasons in the third trimester

In addition to the fact that in the third trimester, brown discharge can occur for the reasons listed in the previous section, in the last weeks of pregnancy, a woman may encounter bloody mucous discharge during pregnancy. Most likely, there is nothing to be afraid of in this case.

It is possible that this is just a mucous plug that closes the cervix and protects the child from infections and other influences from the external environment. Usually, the mucous plug comes off a few hours before delivery, although in some cases this happens much earlier.

Causes of brown discharge that do not depend on the term

Of course, not all causes of vaginal bleeding are in one way or another tied to the gestational age. Some of them can make themselves felt at any time. They can be associated with various diseases, structural features of the uterus, and so on.

Cervical erosion

In particular, erosion of the cervix can be the cause of smearing brown discharge in pregnant women. This problem is familiar to many women, both pregnant and giving birth, and those who have yet to face it. However, during pregnancy, the delicate epithelium of the cervix is especially easy to damage. That is why, for the first time, women often face this problem during pregnancy.

Usually, erosion is asymptomatic, however, after violent sex or examination on the genealogical chair, a pregnant woman develops scanty, spotting spotting. This is due to the fact that a foreign body disturbs the damaged epithelium.

Erosion of the cervix in our time is most often treated with cauterization. However, it is not recommended to do this during pregnancy, as a burn can make it difficult to give birth naturally. Therefore, during pregnancy, preference is given to drug treatment.

Many women have a question: is it necessary to treat erosion during pregnancy at all? It is better to cure all the same, as it increases the risk of developing oncology.

Infections and inflammation

Certain infectious diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, and inflammation also cause vaginal bleeding. In this case, the discharge may be accompanied by various symptoms.

Including unpleasant or specific, painful sensations and the like can take place.

It is not at all necessary that a woman became infected during pregnancy. Often, microorganisms living in the vaginal microflora do not make themselves felt until favorable conditions for reproduction arise. During pregnancy, a woman's immunity falls, which provokes the development of the disease. In addition, old, poorly healed infections can also make themselves felt.

In this case, it makes sense to remind you that at the stage of pregnancy planning, it is advisable to undergo a full examination and treat all your illnesses. However, if you are reading this article, then, most likely, it is too late to talk about it.

Any infection during pregnancy is dangerous not only for the mother's body, but also for her unborn child, therefore, treatment must be started urgently.

Unfortunately, it is very difficult to select drugs for pregnant women, since some of them, along with the mother's blood, penetrate the placenta to the fetus. In this regard, modern pharmaceuticals have made great strides forward, creating new drugs, safer, with more precise dosage.

This makes the work of doctors somewhat easier. Many women are worried about this, however, in any case, it is better to recover than to risk their health and the health of the baby.

Unfortunately, in most cases, brown spotting during pregnancy indicates a variety of pathologies, deviations and diseases. It is very undesirable to try to figure out what exactly is happening on your own. It is much wiser to meet with your doctor at the first alarming symptoms and find out the exact cause of the discharge.

Even if it turns out that nothing terrible is happening to you, no one will blame you for your concern. It is always better to know exactly what is happening than, being afraid of the lines, once bother the doctor, then disentangle the consequences of a rash act.

Unfortunately, now many women are looking for answers on thematic forums. This is not worth doing, since the body of each woman is individual. Therefore, the same external manifestations in different women may indicate different diseases.

An accurate diagnosis can only be made by an experienced physician, and then after additional research. Please note that the more accurately you describe your feelings to the gynecologist, the easier it will be for him to diagnose.

Checking the article: Ilona Ganshina,
practicing gynecologist