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What do white stripes on nails mean? White stripes and spots on the nails - causes, diagnosis and treatment

Stripes on the nails signal a change in metabolism, so you should not ignore their appearance. A common approach among women in this case is to paint over stripes or grooves. As a result, the process develops, and it is good if the problem is limited to one nail plate.

Approximately 20 diseases manifest themselves in the form of longitudinal stripes and grooves of the nail, therefore, if such phenomena occur, consult a dermatologist for a consultation, since half of these conditions are within his direct competence.

Women's nails grow a little faster than men's. In addition, women are much more attentive to the condition of the nail plates, so they often turn to the early stages of the pathological process. In the summer, nails grow even more actively, and defects appear more actively during the warm season.

Onychology is an applied discipline that studies the relationship of metabolic processes with changes in the nail plate

An appointment with an onychologist is a mandatory procedure for problems with nails

As a rule, there are onychologists in dermatological dispensaries. Even if no one officially bears this title, then one of the doctors of the dermatological hospital is better than others in the behavior of the nail plate.

The diagnosis in some cases lies on the surface (mycosis, bruises, etc.), in others it requires additional verification methods, including bacteriological, mycological examination, blood tests, determination of hormonal status, etc.

Video: diagnosis of the condition of the nail plate

White stripes on the nails - a sign of iron deficiency

Iron deficiency often causes abnormalities in the functioning of the body.

White streaks may be due to iron deficiency. Here are the main causes of iron deficiency:

  • lack of iron-containing foods on the menu. It is observed with frequent diets, raw food diet, especially radical forms of vegetarianism;
  • iron malabsorption. With any inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract, the uptake of iron decreases.

You can eat apples and beef as much as you like, this will practically not change the situation, since the intestinal villi are unable to capture the necessary molecules. This condition is characterized by pronounced horizontal stripes. This symptom is described as one of the signs of anemia in general. In addition, this phenomenon often accompanies renal failure.

In addition to the strips, the condition may be accompanied by a sharp decrease in hemoglobin in the general blood test. It happens that hemoglobin is normal, and it is necessary to analyze the level of deposited iron in order to detect a problem.

Stripes, discoloration and fragility of the plate - deficiency of vitamins and trace elements

Avitaminosis - the cause of problems with nails and skin

A lack of zinc, keratin and calcium can cause both white dots and streaks on the nails. If all this happens against the background of a deficiency of vitamins B12 and C, then the plates look even more strange. Such conditions are not very common, as a rule - with systemic diseases of the intestine, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The strips in this case are longitudinal, protruding above the surface of the rest of the nail plate.

If voids appear in the structure of the nail (visible as stripes), this indicates a protein deficiency.

If the process affects several plates at once, there is a high probability of metabolic disorders throughout the body, vitamin deficiency, or problems with the absorption of substances from the intestine. A process localized on one nail most likely indicates an injury or infection.

Onychodystrophy - a decaying nail

Processes occurring with a significant destruction of the structure of the nail are called onychodystrophy. White spots and stripes are a manifestation of the pathological process, accompanied by malnutrition of the plate.

Best of all, onychodystrophy that has begun is visible on well-groomed female nails. The combination of white streaks with other visible signs can nudge the clinician in the right direction, ie. help diagnose.

The nail is a constantly renewing structure, therefore, with the correct treatment of the underlying disease that caused the stripes, the defects of the nail plate gradually disappear.

The combination of strips with a change in the color of the nail plate

Gradually emerging stripes against the background of a bluish nail bed are a sign of cardiovascular pathology. Most often this occurs with progressive heart failure. In severe cases, the nails generally turn blue. With arterial hypertension, the appearance of two grooves along the lateral edges of the nail is characteristic. The central part of the plate expands and flattens.

White stripes in combination with a white bed are a sign of neurological pathology. Quite often appear with vegetovascular dystonia, neurosis, stress.

The greenish color of the nail fold, combined with stripes, is characteristic of gastrointestinal diseases.

The combination of strips with a thickening of the nail plate is a sign of chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system (bronchitis, pleurisy, asthma).

Photo gallery: Nail color helps determine the underlying disease

Mycoses, nail psoriasis - onycholysis and onychodesis

If the nail is all dotted with dots, stripes, nutrition is disturbed, the thickness of the nail plate is changed - we are most likely talking about a fungal or psoriatic lesion.

If you already have foci of psoriasis or chronic mycosis - first of all, you should suspect the corresponding disease and consult a dermatologist. Onychomycosis, like nail psoriasis, is not treated in isolation - a full course of local remedies and systemic drugs (tablets or capsules) will be required.

If you do not pay due attention to the process, then the nail begins to gradually separate, i.e. onycholysis occurs. In some cases, the process occurs very quickly, and the nail cannot be saved. The rapid separation of the nail against the background of psoriasis or onychomycosis is called onychodesis. It is impossible to cure onychomycosis on your own, and even more so - nail psoriasis.

These conditions are characterized by longitudinal furrows. Somewhat less often, this symptom occurs with lichen planus and gout. Sometimes rheumatoid arthritis can manifest itself in this way. In this case, vertical cavities and uneven thickness of the nail plate are observed.

Photo gallery: onycholysis

Transverse sulcus of Beau-Reil

This is the name of the arcuate groove that runs along the entire surface and connects both nail ridges. It occurs due to a temporary stop in the growth of the nail plate. He speaks of a violation of the matrix nutrition. It is characteristic of severe infectious processes, such as pneumonia, influenza, hepatitis or measles.

It is very often observed in children who have had measles and scarlet fever. May appear after a heart attack, incl. on foot.

A heart attack on the legs is an amazing example of a high pain threshold combined with complete indifference to one's own health. Sometimes it is the transverse white furrow that indicates a past heart attack.

Reactive psychosis, exacerbation of schizophrenia and simply severe stress, shock can cause the appearance of Bo's furrows. Very often, a similar symptom occurs after operations and fractures.

The appearance of transverse furrows caused by external causes

Quite often, Bo's furrows appear due to intolerance to medications, especially drugs that affect the tone of peripheral vessels.

Another common cause is damage to the nail matrix during manicure. In this case, the severity of the furrow is directly related to the depth of damage to the matrix. In addition, in a bad master, such furrows are multiple in nature, i.e. clients can look for reasons anywhere but in a beauty salon.

Frequent damage to the matrix worsens the quality of the nail, so it is advisable to change the master or salon in a timely manner in the cases described above.

The nail grows from the back roller to the tip, on average, about 3-4 months. Accordingly, you can quite accurately determine the time at which the matrix experienced problems caused by injury or disease.

If the problem is permanent, then the furrows appear in the form of parallel lines, due to which the surface of the nail becomes wavy to the touch.

One of the most common causes of a single white stripe is trauma - a blow to the nail with a heavy object. Try to remember, and if something like this took place, then the question of the nature of the white stripe can be considered settled.

Summarizing all of the above, there are several main points:

  • stripes on the nails indicate injury, disease or metabolic disorders;
  • qualified diagnostics can only be carried out by an onychologist or an experienced dermatovenereologist;
  • most of the defects disappear on their own after the correction of the condition that caused them;
  • fungal infection, as well as nail psoriasis, are not treated on their own;
  • manicure should be done only by professionals.

Women are sensitive to the appearance of their nails and any external changes that negate the results of careful home care for them inevitably cause us aesthetic discomfort. Even an impeccably executed manicure can be ruined by ugly white spots, longitudinal grooves or transverse stripes on the nails. Of course, as new nail plates grow, the stripes may disappear completely and never appear again. But what if black or white stripes constantly form on the nails?

If such changes occur regularly with your nails, then be sure to consult a dermatologist so that the doctor examines the nail plates, prescribes treatment or sends you for further examination to other specialists to identify the exact cause of the pathology. The nail plates are attached to the nail bed thanks to a thin layer of epithelial tissue penetrated by tiny capillaries.

Many pathological changes in the body (especially metabolic disorders) can affect the color of the plates, cause deformation, as well as the appearance of longitudinal or transverse stripes on the nails. It happens that leukonychia develops in the form of small white dots, which lengthen over time and streak the nails along or across with white stripes. But most often, longitudinal grooves form on the nail plates, which we try to remove with the help of polishing buffs or nail files before applying varnish.

- in the photo: black and white stripes on the nails

♦ REASONS FOR WHITE STRIPS

Nutrient deficiency in the body.
Improper nutrition or too much passion for different diets can lead to insufficient supply of nutrients to the nail matrix. The deficiency of minerals and vitamins is especially noticeable on the condition of the nails. For the growth of healthy nails, trace elements such as sulfur, silicon, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium are needed. A lack of B vitamins (and especially B12) can lead to separation of the plates, the appearance of white dots and stripes;

Bruises and other injuries.
Mechanical damage to the nail can cause deformation and even separation of the nail plate from the bed. After an injury, white spots and wavy stripes appear on the nails;

Incorrect manicure.
Damage to the nail plate when removing the cuticle or during grinding with a nail file with a large abrasive can cause delamination and the appearance of white stripes on the nail. Deep transverse furrows may appear due to: the use of poorly disinfected manicure tools, the constant application of low-quality varnish or gel polish, the removal of extended nails without softening the coating;

Pregnancy.
In pregnant women, transverse stripes may appear on the nails with a low content of hemoglobin in the blood. In late pregnancy, the cause of the appearance of stripes may be a deficiency of trace elements such as zinc or iron;

Furrows Bo.
The depth of these transverse grooves can reach 1 mm. They appear with serious injuries of the nail matrix or as a result of a metabolic disorder. The reason for the formation of Bo's furrows on the nails in children may be one of the past diseases (diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhoid).

♦ REASONS FOR WHITE STRIPS

Hormonal disbalance.
Caused by rapid weight gain, irregular menstruation, chronic fatigue and severe stress, fibrocystic formations in the chest;

Circulatory disorders.
Thin longitudinal stripes of white color may appear on the nails due to thickening of the blood, general arterial plethora, chronic anemia, hypertension, angina pectoris;

Violation of the pancreas.
With inflammation of the pancreas, strongly protruding longitudinal grooves are sometimes formed on the nail plates;

Pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
Longitudinal grooves are formed parallel to each other along the lateral edges of the nails. This is a symptom of diseases such as: coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease;

Intestinal disorders.
The causes of the appearance of longitudinal grooves can be inflammatory processes: enteritis (small intestine), proctitis (rectum), sigmoiditis (sigmoid colon), colitis (colon);

Lichen planus.
Against the background of clouding of the nail, longitudinal striation and scallops appear, as well as the destruction of the nail fold;

Rheumatoid arthritis, gout.
Nails become wavy, thin grooves appear;

Dehydration of the body.
The lack of fluid in the body leads to disruption of the formation of new nail plates in the matrix. As a result, the nails grow thin, brittle, speckled with white stripes.

♦ REASONS FOR THE APPEARANCE OF BLACK STRIPS

▪ Cardiovascular disease.
Black stripes on the nails can be one of the symptoms of diseases such as endocaritis, vasculitis, varicose veins;

▪ Blockage (thrombosis) of the brachial artery.
Against the background of clotting disorders, blood does not flow to the limb;

▪ A course of medications.
Prolonged use of antibiotics or other potent drugs (especially the tetracycline group);

▪ Nail psoriasis.
In some cases, the nail plate is noticeably separated from the bed, but sometimes it looks as if a splinter has fallen under the nail. Pinkish stripes appear around the area of ​​​​the peeled plate, which eventually change color to yellow, brown or black;

▪ Violations in the digestive tract.
Regular consumption of undercooked pork can cause dark streaks on the nails. Transverse black stripes on the nails sometimes appear with ulcerative colitis, with a stomach or duodenal ulcer, with gastritis, with gastroduodenitis;

▪ Onychodystrophy.
With constant injury to the fingers, onychodystrophy develops with the appearance of longitudinal black stripes, the number of which increases with time;

▪ Atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis of small vessels at the base of the nail can cause thickening, delamination of the nail plate with the appearance of longitudinal dark stripes;

▪ Arthrosis.
Inflammatory processes in the joints and degeneration of the periarticular tissues can provoke nail deformity with the appearance of tuberosity on the striped plates;

▪ Subungual melanoma.
A malignant tumor under the nail stands out as a dark stripe or spot due to the color of the pigment cells (melanocytes).


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White stripes on the nails occur due to various reasons. This sign indicates a serious violation of the state of health, being a kind of mirror of the functioning of internal organs. Therefore, you need to immediately contact a specialist, and not wait and hope it will pass on its own.

Cosmetic causes of white stripes on the nails

Everyone has had streaks on their fingernails, or leukonychia, at least once in their lives. Many do not pay any attention to this, especially if this phenomenon is temporary. As a rule, after a certain period they disappear on their own. This is typical for single strips that pass along with the regrown nail plate.

Why do leukonychias appear? This condition occurs during keratization of the nail. If during this period the human body was subjected to increased stress, the effects of exogenous and endogenous factors, small cavities form in the stratum corneum of the plate. They contain air, which has a characteristic white appearance.

Cosmetic or temporary causes of leukonychia include:

  1. Traumatic damage to the nail plate. This occurs as a result of falling or hitting the nail with a variety of objects.
  2. Failure to comply with the rules for manicure or pedicure. Violation of the integrity of the nail plate occurs as a result of excessive cutting of the cuticle or filing of wet nails.
  3. White streaks can appear when using low-quality nail care products - varnishes, paint removers. Especially if it contains acetone, which has a negative effect on the surface of the plate.
  4. On the toenails, leukonychia can appear due to the regular wearing of tight shoes. In this case, there is an increased pressure on the plates and even their deformation.
  5. The impact of household chemicals on the hands very often leads to a violation of the normal structure of the plate. Especially with the frequent use of these products for cleaning rooms, washing dishes and other works.
  6. Leukonychia can appear as a result of acute respiratory infections and other ailments of viral and bacterial etiology. However, after the patient recovers and the body is completely restored, the further occurrence of stripes stops.

Endogenous causes of leukonychia

The doctor will tell you about what the white stripes mean after a comprehensive examination of the body. After all, if the formations cover more than 20% of the surface of the nail plate, you should immediately contact a specialist - the basis for their occurrence is most likely a violation of the normal functioning of internal organs and systems.

The most common reason is diet. As a result, the body experiences a sharp shortage of essential vitamins and minerals. In addition, you can not abuse the use of vitamin-mineral complexes. Indeed, in different preparations, their combination can differ significantly. Therefore, the choice of a suitable remedy should be carried out by a specialist after a thorough examination of the patient and the necessary laboratory tests.

The appearance of stripes is also caused by various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which the absorption of the necessary nutrients by the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines - B vitamins, ascorbic acid, ergocalciferol, retinol, iodine, iron, zinc, calcium, etc.

The condition of the nails reflects mental stress and diseases of the nervous system - chronic overwork, severe stress, neuroses, etc.

If the nail is affected by fungal diseases, this condition is also accompanied by the occurrence of leukonychia. At the same time, the strips are not the only symptom of the disease, but a consequence of the development of mycosis in the nail plate and the skin around it.

Diseases of the cardiovascular system - hypertension, acute and chronic circulatory disorders can lead to abnormal processes of keratization of the nail plate. The same condition develops in diseases of the musculoskeletal and endocrine systems. In addition, white stripes may appear in older people due to age-related changes.

If leukonychia occurs, you should definitely consult a doctor to find out the cause of its occurrence. Only attention to even the smallest changes in the nails will allow you to undergo a timely examination, the necessary treatment and improve your health.

White marks on the nails: causes and treatment.

The beauty and health of our nails depend on the influence of the external environment, the state of the body, and the aggression of chemicals. As a result, nail diseases are quite common, and infectious diseases occur in only half of the cases.

Often people are faced with a problem of this kind: white stripes or dots appear on the nail plate.

Basically, this is considered as a small defect, of a cosmetic nature, however, it can be alarming bells of our body, as it makes it clear that it has failed.

Leukonychia- namely, the so-called white stripes on the nails, from the point of view of medicine, is not a disease. This is a pathology of the nail plate, which is formed as a result of a violation of keratinization.

There are two varieties: true and false. The first depends on the dysfunction of the matrix of the nail plate. False may be caused by some external factor, the elimination of which entails the disappearance of the stripes.

The clinical picture also depends on how affected the nail is. With limited symptoms, the spots or streaks are small and located on one or two nails. With point symptoms, all nails are affected by spots and stripes of different sizes.

There are also strip-like and total leukonychia. In the first case, thin stripes are transversely located on the nail, in the second case, the changes in the plate are more global and all nails are painted white. Total leukonychia is a very serious signal of the body about a failure, fungal infections also appear. In any case, signs of total leukonychia are a reason to make an appointment with a doctor.

There are many reasons that provoke violations of the nail plate.

Conventionally, they are divided into two groups:

  • exogenous, depending on external factors,
  • endogenous, dependent on internal processes.

External causes are divided as follows:

  • nail injury,
  • messy manicure,
  • the habit of biting your nails, or using them as a bottle opener or something similar,
  • harmful chemicals.

Internal causes are divided as follows:

  • somatic disorders, that is, diseases of the organs: liver, kidneys, etc.,
  • antibiotics and other agents that change the microflora,
  • metabolic problems,
  • stress, depression and other malfunctions of the nervous system.

In addition, violations of the nail plate can be triggered by strict diets, a passion for vitamins, and fungal infections.

Treatment.

Having found out the cause of the appearance of white stripes on the nails, treatment can begin. Endogenous causes usually require a serious approach and long-term treatment. You need to go through all the examinations prescribed by the doctor, after which a treatment plan will be prescribed.

Milder cases caused by exogenous causes can be cured both by normalizing the diet and by means of traditional medicine. However, it should be understood that the restoration of the nail will finally occur only after regrowth.

Consider the basic tools that can be used at home.

They will strengthen the nails, accelerate their growth and make them more resistant to various external damage.

  1. For example, strong baths with the addition of sea salt - for half a liter of non-hot water, 5 tablespoons of salt, tablespoons, apply every 7 days for twenty minutes.
  2. Effective rubbing oils. Use this composition: lemon juice, five drops per 10 ml of olive oil.
  3. Rubbing iodine-vitamin is also effective. The mixture is prepared as follows: five drops of vitamin A in liquid form are mixed with five drops of iodine. You need to rub such a vitamin cocktail into your nails every day.

So, most of the white stripes on the nails are quite easily eliminated, and only in rare cases does this signal serious disorders in the body.

However, you should carefully listen to the signals that our body gives in order not to start the course of complex diseases.

If you suspect that the white stripes on the nail plate are not a cosmetic defect, see your doctor and get tested. After all, nothing is more important than health.

According to idealnyi-manikur.ru

  • 1. What are the stripes on the nails of the hands and feet
  • 1.1. vertical stripes
  • 1.2. transverse stripes
  • 1.3. Longitudinal convex stripes
  • 2. What does the color of the stripes mean?
  • 2.1. white stripes
  • 2.2. black
  • 2.3. Brown
  • 2.4. Red
  • 3. Reasons for the appearance of stripes
  • 3.1. External
  • 3.2. Internal
  • 4. Ways to fix the problem
  • 4.1. Processing of the nail plate
  • 4.2. Paraffin therapy
  • 4.3. Compress and baths for recovery
  • 4.4. Massage
  • 4.6. Iodine and soda
  • 5. How to get rid of white stripes on the nails in children and the elderly
  • 6. Prevention of the appearance of stripes on the nails

What are the stripes on the nails of the hands and feet

Nail strips can partially or completely cross the plate, be located along or across the nail. The nuances of the shape and location indicate different diseases.

vertical stripes

The stripes of this type are a continuous line from the nail root to the free edge. They can be evenly distributed on the surface of the plate or located along its edges, leaving the main space flat.

transverse stripes

The stripes on the nails, located across the plate between the skin rollers, look like:

  • single, arcuate grooves, which are called Bo's furrows;
  • several relief lines that give the plate a waviness;
  • frequent spots or dents, grouped in transverse stripes.

Horizontal stripes do not always indicate a serious systemic disease, but in any case, consultation with a doctor is necessary.

Longitudinal convex stripes

A variety of longitudinal lines on the nails are well-defined, convex stripes. This deformation makes the plates ribbed. The defect is considered as a symptom of malfunctions in the gastrointestinal tract or pathology of the pancreas.

What does the color of the stripes mean?

An important feature of nail defects is color. The stripes take on white, red, brown or black hues depending on the cause of origin.

white stripes

White lines or dots mean leukonychia, which is considered an external manifestation of a lack of keratinization of the nail plates. Usually found on the nails of the hands, differs in the degree of damage:

  • dot view, is white dots on the nails of all fingers;
  • a variety with limited symptoms, single spots appear on 1 or 2 nails;
  • white transverse stripes located over the entire surface of the plate;
  • total form, when the nails completely lose their natural color and turn white.

Leukonychia may be due to a violation of the nail matrix and false, provoked by other factors.

black

Longitudinal black stripes indicate the development of melanonychia. As an independent disease, it is extremely rare, mainly among representatives of the Mongoloid and Negroid races. In Europeans, the causes of melanochia may be related to melanoma in the nail bed.

Brown

Melanonychia may present with brown longitudinal lines, especially in the initial stage when melanocyte deposits are not sufficient to turn black. But more often, vertical stripes are associated with hormonal disorders, high iron levels in the blood, and problems with the gastrointestinal tract. Such stripes on the nails can be caused by the specifics of nutrition, tight and uncomfortable shoes that pinch the toes. In this case, the nails of the thumb and little finger are more likely to suffer.

Red

If red stripes appear, the reason lies in the injury of the capillary network. More serious causes are associated with problems of the cardiovascular system. In this case, red lines and spots are more pronounced and arise from the nail base. The problem is equally characteristic of the fingers and toes.

Reasons for the appearance of stripes

The causes of pathological changes on the surface of the nails can be caused by factors of external and internal origin.

External

In this case, the strips provoke causes associated with poor-quality nail processing, abuse of cosmetics, and infectious pathologies:

  • damage to the cuticle at the base of the nail plate;
  • prolonged use of varnish that does not allow nails to breathe;
  • abuse of false nails;
  • fungal infections of the skin and onychomycosis.

Often, an external factor due to which defects appear is injury to the nails and limbs in general.

Internal

Internal causes are associated with systemic diseases, malfunctions of the internal organs, which is reflected in the appearance of the nails. These pathologies include:

  • diseases of the cardiovascular system;
  • malfunctions in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • endocrine diseases;
  • damage to the nervous system.

Such an etiology requires special therapy under the supervision of a specialist; independently undertaken treatment will help get rid of only external manifestations.

Troubleshooting

There are several affordable and easy-to-use methods that will neutralize external factors, remove most of the symptoms of systemic diseases.

Processing of the nail plate

It involves careful cleaning of the surface of the nail with hardware in a beauty salon or independently using manicure tools. With deep strips, the services of a specialist will be required; a barely emerging defect can be easily eliminated manually.

Paraffin therapy

The procedure is similar to a manicure, where the varnish is replaced with cosmetic paraffin. It is applied to a pre-cleaned surface. The composition enriches the nails with vitamins, eliminates the bacterial flora, promotes their healing.

Compress and baths for recovery

Baths from a combination of vegetable, cosmetic and essential oils are considered a good healing and strengthening agent. The mixture is heated with a water bath to a comfortable temperature. The tip of the unhealthy finger is immersed in the mixture and held until it cools.

Massage

A sick nail is pre-treated with a greasy cosmetic cream or oil. Then the plate is massaged with the tip of the thumb with light pressure. A feeling of warmth and redness indicates blood flow, after which the massage can be stopped.

Freshly squeezed lemon juice helps to correct defects. It can be applied in drops to each sore nail or make 10-minute lotions with pulp. The juice must be absorbed, so the procedure is carried out before bedtime, interaction with water is avoided.

Iodine and soda

A firming and regenerating effect is given by baths with a solution of a few drops of iodine, 2 tsp. sea ​​salt and soda dissolved in water. Baths are taken up to 2 times a day until the smooth texture of the nail is restored.

How to get rid of white stripes on the nails in children and the elderly

In a child and an elderly person, longitudinal and transverse stripes on the nails provoke age-related causes. The body during these periods is often deficient in vitamins, which requires increased attention to the daily diet and proper organization of the daily routine. An important condition for the restoration of nails in a child, people of older age groups is the observance of personal hygiene.

Prevention of the appearance of stripes on the nails

Strict hygiene is a mandatory part of preventive measures, in addition to it, experts recommend:

  • rationally organized nutrition with an abundance of vitamins, iron and zinc;
  • compliance with safety measures to prevent injury;
  • refusal of fast food, other harmful products and habits.

In addition to the above measures, high-quality cosmetics, comfortable shoes made from natural materials will help to avoid defects.