The child is 1 month old. The emotional and mental development of the baby is no less important for assessing his development. Bathing and hygiene procedures

11.07.2019

What does a 1 month old baby know?

The most important thing a newborn baby needs is to feel calm, warm and safe. He receives all this from his mother if he feels that she is near, if you talk to the baby in a gentle voice, gently hugging him to your chest (after all, he has heard the beat of your heart for all 9 months - this is a native, familiar sound, indicating safety).

When the baby is awake, create eye contact, talk to the baby as if he is an equal interlocutor. When swaddling or dressing a baby, you should not do it with cold or sweaty hands - babies are distinguished by tactile sensitivity.

Already in the third week after birth, on the basis of unconditioned reflexes, the child begins to form conditioned ones that contribute to adaptation to the outside world. This means that the baby is "ready to learn." It's too early to read, count and write. But the science of “correct” behavior (that is, one that can most fully satisfy his needs) will be mastered by a little man rather quickly.

If you have to shout loudly and for a long time in order for your mother to appear, he will tear himself up and yell for “joy” to you and your neighbors. And if you squeak enough - and mom will appear, there is no reason to scream. It may turn out that the baby firmly learns: the world into which he came is not ready to "respond" to his desires. This, as a rule, takes place if the baby is fed, not when he is hungry, but when it is "needed" by adults; if the child is ready to leave one, because "it's time", for example, sleep.

Child development: facial expressions and speech

At 2-3 weeks, the baby gradually masters the science of copying. Of all the surroundings, he is most attracted to the human face - first of all, his mother's. Therefore, he constantly examines the faces leaning over him or talking to him (the rest is still drowning in a foggy haze - this vision is just beginning to form).

If in the process of communication you make active facial movements, soon the child will begin to repeat them, "answering" you. Mom sticks out her tongue - and a tiny tongue appears between her lips. Mom smiles - the baby face also breaks into a smile. Mom sticks out her lips - the baby echoes her ...

Also intuitively, the baby feels the emotions emanating from the adult. If the mother is happy and calm, the child is also comfortable. If the mother is annoyed, angry, swears, the baby instantly reacts with protesting crying.

By the end of 1 month, "speech" joins the facial expressions. Toddlers with whom they talk a lot walk in response, make squeaking, snorting sounds. Those who are more active “talk” with their whole body - reach out to their mother with their arms and legs, raise their buttocks, and arch their backs. These actions are not yet conscious, but they perfectly train the muscle apparatus of the crumbs.

A newborn signals about his emotional state by crying or smiling. Crying expresses discontent, discomfort, fear, pain, cold or heat. A smile in the first weeks of life is a sign of calm contentment. At first, the baby smiles involuntarily, almost only in a dream. Later, a smile can be observed both after feeding and during bathing. In all these cases, one speaks of a physiological or gastric smile.

But by the end of 1 month, the baby's smile begins to fill with social content, appearing in response to contact from a neighbor. And soon the so-called " revitalization complex" will appear - a vivid emotional reaction of the baby to the adult's appeal to him.

The key to the normal development of the child

The main condition is the presence of a mother at his “full disposal”. Do not be afraid to spoil a child or raise an egoist. On the contrary, your instant response to all needs and desires will help the child become a self-confident, strong and kind person. Knowing that mom is always there, the baby will not disturb and demand your attention “just like that”, “in reserve” - such behavior is just the same for children who experience a constant lack of maternal affection.

At 1 month, attention should be focused on the physiological development of a son or daughter. The intervals of wakefulness are very short. Try to distribute them so that you have enough time for charging, and for massage, and for swimming and playing in the water. It is very useful to support the unconditioned reflexes given to babies by nature: crawling, walking, grasping.

The child has not yet learned to listen well and carefully. To develop hearing, first, be sure to talk to the baby. The kid distinguishes sounds by height, prefers meaningful speech to a set of words. When mom talks to him, he can freeze, listening - this is the first experience of sound concentration.

Secondly, let the child listen to music. The more varied it is, the better. Studies show that the works of Mozart, Vivaldi, Haydn contribute to the normalization of various physiological processes in the infant's body. So, if possible, include the works of these composers for the baby. Lovely music can be played quietly when the child is awake and when he sleeps.

Water activities

So that the baby is not afraid of water, lower it into the water gently, starting from the heels. After all, children are very sensitive to changes in the "physical data" of the world around them - they just have to get used to their weightlessness in the water.

It's great if you swim together for the first few days, the presence of your mother immediately removes all possible negative emotions. If you're in the bath together, position your baby so that he rests his back and back of his head on your chest and shoulder, and with your left hand support him under his tummy. Right at this moment, you can pour some water on the baby or show him toys.

By the way, you can swim "together" with dad. It's even more interesting - daddy's knees and long legs will make amazing slides for a baby! If you are standing "overboard", put the baby on the tummy, supporting it under the chin and chest or just under the chin, and roll it all over the bath, rock it up and down, turn it slightly from side to side.

Surely the baby will like to push off with his feet from the side of the bath. To do this, turn the baby at the very edge so that he rests against the wall with bent legs. The child should independently push off and slide a little on the surface of the water. When you bring it to the opposite edge, repeat the steps. If the baby did not immediately understand what you want from him, make a few springy movements that imitate pushes from the side.

Another fun and useful exercise for those who are just starting to master the water space is walking along the bottom of the bath. To allow the baby to move freely, hold him under the armpits, slightly tilting forward, stimulating reflex stepping movements. After the child "looked like" - preferably on the back (unless, of course, your child prefers to swim exclusively on his stomach).

By the way, swimming on your back, when the baby sways slightly on your hands from side to side, perfectly develops the vestibular apparatus and a sense of balance. Such "sea rolling" is an excellent prevention of future "transport" problems.

Child development: vision and hearing

Place a bright toy (ball, rattle, ring) on an outstretched arm in the child's field of vision at a distance of 60-70 cm above his face and wait until the baby's gaze lingers on the toy. After that, start swinging it to the right and left with an amplitude of 5-7 cm and a frequency of about 2 times per second.

In the future, move the toy in different directions (right, left, up, down), bringing it closer to the baby by 20-30 cm and moving it away at arm's length. The duration of the lesson is 1-2 minutes, the frequency is 1-2 times a day. Similarly, you should deal with a toy that makes a quiet, soft sound.

Lyudmila Sergeevna Sokolova

Reading time: 15 minutes

A A

So a miracle happened - the long-awaited baby was born! Now mom and dad will need to go through a long and very interesting way of growing up and becoming a person.

All organs of the newborn in the first month begin to actively adapt to external life. In the maternity hospital, for the first 12 hours, the child is vaccinated against viral hepatitis, then, during 3–7 days, against tuberculosis (BCG), re-vaccination against hepatitis B do in 1 month. In the first month after discharge, the newborn should visit 2 times local pediatrician and 4 times- nurse.

Starting from one month, parents need to bring their child to the clinic for a monthly check-up. The baby is weighed, measured, the basic reflexes are checked, the heart and lungs are listened to, and the tummy is felt. At 1 month old baby must be shown ophthalmologist, orthopedist, surgeon and neurologist. And also, in order to exclude unwanted pathologies, it is necessary to undergo ultrasound brain, hip joints, abdomen and kidneys, if all these procedures were not performed in the maternity hospital.

Changes in the baby's body in 1 month

During the first month, the following main changes take place in the child's body:

The circulatory system of the newborn is rebuilt,
The child's immune system learns to produce immunoglobulins necessary to fight infections,
The kidneys of an infant learn to perform their functions, but until six months they are still considered immature.
The respiratory system of the child is adjusted,
The movements of the baby become smoother and more confident,
Milia, which look like white "grains" on the baby's nose, cheeks and forehead, disappear
The baby's muscles have already become a little stronger, and he can, lying on his stomach, turn and raise his head at an angle from 45 to 90 degrees. The most developed babies try to lift and hold their head in a supine position.
The baby's posterior and wedge-shaped fontanelles are tightened, although this is a slow process. It takes a few more weeks to close them, and the process of ossification of a large fontanel usually takes about a year.
The baby's skin continues to peel, but it is no longer so dry. Helps with moisturizing creams 0+ and baby milk.
At the age of one month, the umbilical wound is already covered with a crust and does not bleed. To achieve this, you need to treat the navel daily with a solution of brilliant green. When bathing, you need to add a weak solution of potassium permanganate, use an infusion of St. John's wort or chamomile. Bathe no more 5–7 minutes, at water temperature 37–37.5°С. If the crust from the umbilical wound does not fall off by 14–15 days, there is redness, swelling of the umbilical ring, discharge appears, then you should consult a doctor.

At different stages of his life, the baby will make new progress, which parents should carefully monitor. It would seem that a child at 1 month old can, except how to suckle and sleep? In fact, for his young age, he already knows how to do a lot. A month-old baby is a little man who already understands a lot and requires a lot of attention and care from relatives.

The first month of a newborn's life

It's hard to believe, but childbirth is stressful not only for the mother, but for the baby too. At first, most of the day, approximately up to 18-20 hours, the kid spends in a dream.

baby sleep

There are three main types of sleep in infants:

deep sleep - the child's eyes are closed, he breathes slowly and evenly, the baby's body is relaxed;
shallow sleep - the child's breathing is uneven, rapid, under the eyelids the movement of the eyeballs is different, the arms and legs twitch;
drowsy state - occurs during the feeding of the baby before the moment of falling asleep and is characterized by half-closed eyelids;

A newborn usually sleeps in a frog position, lying on his back, arms bent at the elbows and raised up, legs bent at the knees and moved apart.

However, children at this age do not yet understand the time of day. To help your baby get used to the daily cycles, you can moderately control his sleep during the day. Therefore, silence and darkness must be enforced at night. After a certain amount of time, the child will get used to the fact that the day is the time for activity, the night is the time for sound sleep.

The baby spends most of the first month of his life in a dream, wakes up to eat, look around a bit and falls asleep again. It is due to this regimen of the day that the baby gains strength so that after a little time to please mom and dad with their activity. When a baby is not sleeping, he is.

Feeding a newborn

In the first month, the newborn should eat at least 8-9 times a day sucking for every feeding 60 ml milk. The baby is breastfed at the first sign of anxiety, this is called "free feeding" or "feeding on demand". More frequent attachment of the baby to the breast is also one of the main ways to stimulate lactation in mothers, especially in primiparas. In this way it is obtained 10-12 feedings per day.

When sucking, the baby should capture the entire areola and for the first 5-10 minutes feeding, he usually sucks out the bulk of the milk. But some children get tired quickly and fall asleep, they need to be awakened by gently stroking their cheeks, removing and putting the nipple back into their mouth. When sucking along with milk, air is sure to get in, so regurgitation is very important, it helps the baby get rid of the air accumulated in the stomach. The regurgitation must go through every 5 minutes while breastfeeding and every 50 g when bottle fed. This is usually done in a vertical position on the mother's shoulder.

During the first days of his life, the baby may lose a little of his weight - you should not be afraid, as this is a completely natural process. When a baby is born, his body contains excess fluid. At the time of birth, the child loses 8-10% of your body weight, only then its mass takes a stable value and begins to increase. Two weeks later, the child restores the body weight recorded when he was born.

Growth and weight norms for a one-month-old baby

A newborn in the first month eats well, gains weight and grows rapidly. Its weight increases from 15 to 30 grams per day, and by the end of the first month the child is gaining about 600-800 grams, its growth increases I am 2-3 centimeters, circumference of the head and chest by 1.4 - 1.5 cm.

The physical indicators of the development of a one-month-old baby are presented in the following table.

If the weight or height of your one-month-old baby is very different from the norm, then the following reasons are possible:

Incorrectly chosen method of feeding; breast or artificial feeding,
Problems with feeding a child; his rejection of the breast, insufficient lactation of milk, allergies,
Difficulties in the course of pregnancy and in the process of childbirth, for example, the child was born prematurely,
The presence of a disease in a child that affects the increase in height and weight,
Heredity,
Ecology and mother's bad habits.

However, it should be remembered that each baby develops uniquely, due to its individual characteristics.

Monthly consultation meetings, which the mother is required to attend, allow specialists to observe the development of the growth and weight of the baby. This will help mom get rid of unnecessary and unnecessary experiences.

If you find significant deviations from these indicators, then you need to contact a specialist to find out the reasons that led to this.

If a child has gained less than average, he may not be eating well enough. In this case, the doctor will recommend adding formula to breastfeeding. If the baby is bottle-fed, it will correct the frequency and volume of milk substitutes.

Do not rejoice if the baby has added much more than the norm. Subsequently, this can result in obesity and disruption of the normal functioning of organs and systems associated with excess weight!

Periodically, the baby should lie on his stomach. This position of the baby minimizes the likelihood of constipation, encourages the child to perform motor reflexes with the head and limbs.

Deviations from the norm that parents can identify at 1 month:

1. Increased or decreased muscle tone or asymmetric muscle tone child.

2. Jaundice. In some newborns, it does not go away by a month. You need to consult a pediatrician.

3. Colic. Bloating, intestinal spasms are often found in the first months in apparently healthy children. How to help a child? With light strokes of the tummy clockwise, use the gas tube, for 3–5 minutes put the baby on your stomach, take plantex, dill water. All these methods will help to remove gases from the baby's intestines.

4. Insufficient weight gain can be associated with both the lack of breast milk in the mother and the illnesses of the baby.

In any of these cases, the child must be shown to the doctor.

Baby care at 1 month

Caring for the physical health of the baby in the first month of his life is as follows:

1. Hygiene procedures,

2. Bathing the baby,

3. Walking,

4. Massage and gymnastics.

Hygiene procedures

washing the face, eyes, neck;
washing, diaper change;
care for eyes, nose, ears;
daily treatment of the umbilical wound;
combing and removing crusts on the head;
cutting nails.

Bathing a baby

You yourself choose the mode of bathing your baby, we will only clarify that it is enough to bathe a newborn 2-3 times a week, on other days, you must definitely wipe your baby. Add decoctions of herbs of succession or chamomile to the water. Since baby's skin is very sensitive, choose your soap carefully.

Very carefully lower the baby into the water, starting from the heels, given the high sensitivity of infants to temperature changes. . If the baby cries and is very worried at the first bath, the mother can try to take a bath with him, lay the baby on her chest and gently pour water on him.

You can let the child push off with the legs from the walls of the bath or, holding the baby under the armpits, tilting forward, stimulating the walking reflex, let the child walk a few steps along the bottom.

Walking with a baby

The time of the first walks with a newborn is no more than 10-15 minutes and gradually increases to 30 minutes. If it is warm outside, then the duration of the walk can reach 1.5 - 2 hours. If the air temperature below 10 degrees, or it is raining, snowing or windy outside, it is better to refrain from walking with a 1-2 month old baby.

The issue of walking in the cold season must be approached with all seriousness, since the system for regulating heat transfer in infants is imperfect. When the weather is bad outside, you can simply take the dressed baby out to the balcony for a few minutes or leave him to sleep in the stroller with the window open.

Massage, gymnastics and air baths

How to massage a baby at 1 month, see the next video Nikolai Nikonov- leading doctor and masseur of Russia.

So 2-3 weeks baby's life can be carried out with him air baths, hardening and massage. These procedures are successfully combined in one.

The video shows gymnastics - instruction for 1 month old baby:

For a couple of minutes we leave the child in one vest or completely undressed and covered with a diaper. At the same time, start making light strokes with your hands on the arms, tummy, and legs of the child. Beginning from 1-2 minutes, you can bring the duration of these procedures up to 5-7 minutes. When changing your baby, try not to keep your hands cold, as 1-month-old babies are very sensitive to touch.

Video on how to care for a newborn.

Exercises for the physical development of the baby:

Let your baby lie on its back, take it by the handles and gently lift them up above your head, then just as smoothly lower it down, then cross it on your chest and spread it apart. You can do it with baby's legs exercise bike. Do not be silent, hum a pleasant song at the same time.
Turn the baby over on his tummy, put a toy in front of him and begin to slowly lift it up. This encourages the child to raise his head. You can also lay the baby on your stomach and gently call him by name so that the child, raising his head, begins to look at you. Such exercises develop the muscles of the baby.
While bathing, gently touch your baby, accompanying this with a quiet song. After bathing, wrap the baby in a towel, hide your face behind the edge of it and then look out from behind him and say "ku-ku".
Massage each finger on the legs and arms of the baby. Touch it with your hands, and with a piece of cotton wool, a soft brush and a mitten made of terry or woolen fabric.

How do the sense organs work in a newborn?

How a 1 month old baby sees

The eyeball by the first month of life already has formed qualities. However, the visual function has not yet reached its full development. Tears in a baby are just starting to form. by the third or fourth week. For most babies in this period, a slight oscillation of the eyeball and slight strabismus are characteristic. There is no need to worry too much about this. This phenomenon is justified by the incomplete development of visual function.

A person is born with an imperfect organ of vision, which has yet to develop and mature. The newborn sees objects blurry and fuzzy. A month old baby clearly distinguishes objects located at a distance about 60 cm from his eyes. It is at this distance that he sees the face of mom or dad well, recognizes them, begins to react with facial expressions and try to make sounds. He will also notice the bright toys that hang in his crib.

The baby needs help to develop vision. To do this, you need to take the child in your arms more often or lean over him so that he can clearly see the faces of his parents, examine and memorize individual facial features. Do not be lazy to play with him, showing colored rattles. By the end of the first month of his life, the baby can already follow the slowly moving toy near his face with his eyes. These are his very first games. Just do not tire a small child, take a few minutes a day for such games. That's enough for his age.

Exercises for the development of vision:

Sew a rubber band onto a small toy and hang it over your baby. Make it so that the toy "jumped" in front of the baby up and down. Very soon, the baby will not only look at the jumping toy, but also try to grab it with its handles.
Put a bright towel on your shoulder during feeding, the baby will begin to look from your face to this bright object.
To better focus , do the following: show the baby a large toy at a distance 25 - 30 cm, wait for the baby to fix his eyes on her, and slowly move the toy to the side, try to keep the baby's eyes focused on the toy. You can smoothly move the toy first horizontally, then vertically and finally in a circle.
The same exercise can be done with a rattle, additionally making soft sounds. Do the exercise 1-2 times a day for 2 minutes for an occupation.

How newborns hear at 1 month

The first few weeks of a baby's life are filled with completely new sounds for him. Since the baby has not yet learned to detect the place where the sound comes from, his natural reaction will be to freeze. However, when the child suddenly hears the parent's voice, he immediately stops crying.

At the age of one month, the baby already distinguishes sounds well and turns his head towards the source of the sound. Try to rattle a rattle to the side - the baby will definitely turn his head in this direction. Babies this age love soft, pleasant sounds. But the most favorite, of course, is my mother's voice. The child reacts especially actively to the mother's voice and is able to feel the mother's mood by the timbre of the voice.

If the mother speaks kindly and calmly, the baby likes it very much, he expresses his emotions with active movements of the legs and arms, various sounds. At the age of 1 month you can see the first smile of the baby. More often it is addressed to the mother as the most beloved person. If the mother is annoyed or offended, the baby also feels her emotional state and may cry or act up.

The baby's hearing also needs to be developed and trained. To do this, you need to talk with the baby more often, sing songs to him, read books. Be sure to include all family members. It is good if the crumbs have older brothers and sisters. Communication with them should occur from the very first days of life. Turn on soft and calm music, let the TV work during the day. A newborn needs to get used to different sounds. Just avoid too loud and unpleasant sounds, so as not to scare him.

Hearing exercises:

Up to 10 minutes daily you can include classical music or recordings of various musical instruments for the newborn.

Place your baby in the crib "mobile" with 3-4 large toys and pleasant melody. Periodically put the baby on a developmental mat.
Talk to the baby more often and try to make the baby see your facial expressions This stimulates the child's hearing and speech development. The baby will quickly begin to respond with a conscious smile in response to his mother's affectionate speech.
Start reading nursery rhymes to your baby, this develops the crumbs' hearing and sense of rhythm. You can change the words in any song to your taste.
If you tie a bell to the baby's booties, then during the movements the baby will hear the ringing and listen to it.

When the baby is in the crib and you are moving around the room, do not forget to speak. This stimulates both the baby's hearing and his vision at the same time.

Smell of the baby

The baby is also able to distinguish smells. He remembers his mother by the smell of her body, and finds her breasts by the smell of milk. Children of this age love sweet smells. To stimulate the baby's sense of smell, you can dip a cotton ball in mint or vanilla eau de toilette so that the space around the baby is filled with this aroma and he breathes it.

Baby speech

One month old baby is already trying "walk" and make individual sounds. Most of these are vowel sounds. He “talks” in a good mood when he is full and his mother is nearby. At this age, the baby expresses his desires and needs by crying. Very soon, by the timbre of crying, mom will learn to distinguish when the baby is hungry, sick, you need to change diapers, or he just wants to be in his arms.

How newborns behave in the first month - baby reflexes

In the first month of life, the child still has unconditioned reflexes that help him adapt to life outside the womb. Over time, reflexes are lost.

Parents should carefully observe every reflex of their child, because at the moment it is the only means of communication between the baby and this world.

If the child feels discomfort or is in pain, he will report this with screams and intense movements of the limbs.
Numerous studies have been able to prove that with pain, the child bends his toes, and unbends his thumbs on his hands.
When does it start colic, the baby will do active manipulations of the lower limbs.
If suddenly the baby experiences discomfort associated with the ears, he will begin to vigorously turn his head.

When parents are attentive to their child, learn to understand his every movement, this will greatly simplify the life of the whole family.

A pediatrician should examine congenital reflexes during patronage, as well as when visiting a clinic at the age of 1 month.

Checking reflexes must be carried out in favorable conditions for the newborn: the room should be warm, the child lies on a flat surface.
The condition of the baby at this moment also plays a significant role. He must be fed, calm, diapers must be clean so that nothing distracts.
Mom's hands should be smooth and warm, should not interfere with the study of jewelry on the fingers, as well as long nails.

If all conditions are met, the reflex score will be adequate.

By definition reflexes It is the body's response to a variety of stimuli.

Physically healthy monthly babies should have all the basic reflexes:

Touch the baby's mouth with the pacifier or the tip of a clean finger. The baby will try to grab the object and begin to make mouth movements that mimic sucking. This reflex is called sucking reflex". This reflex begins to appear almost immediately after birth. As soon as the baby is born, it is applied to the mother's breast. Unconsciously, the newborn begins to suck on the breast.
If you put your finger or a light rattle in the child's palm, you can see how he firmly grabs and holds the object in his tiny palm for some time. This reflex is called "grasping".
Lay your baby on his tummy and watch his head move. A healthy baby will immediately turn his head to the side to breathe normally. Pediatricians call this reflex "protective". If the baby has neurological disorders, then he will not be able to turn his head to the side. The condition is dangerous because the baby can bury his nose in the surface on which he lies and suffocate.
In the tummy position, place your palms on the baby's feet. Feeling the support, he will try to push off and make a movement, as if he wants to crawl. It's a reflex "crawling".
Holding the child in the armpits, place him with his legs on a flat, hard surface and lean forward slightly. The baby will begin to take steps on his own with his legs. Such a phenomenon is called "automatic walking reflex".
If you stroke the baby on the cheek, he turns his head, this is how his instinct for searching for food is expressed or search reflex.
We easily draw a finger along the outer edge of the foot, the toes on the baby's feet spread apart in different directions, the feet turn. it "Babinski's reflex".
Hearing a sudden loud sound, the child spreads and brings the arms and legs together - this Mohr reflex.
With light pressure on the palm of the baby, the child opens his mouth and turns his head - this Babkin reflex.
If you put the baby on his stomach, he begins to make swimming movements, the reflex is called "swimming".

If you notice that some of the reflexes in your crumbs are missing, contact your doctor immediately! This may indicate the presence of diseases from the nervous system.

Video Dr. Komarovsky:

What should a child be able to do at 1 month

To summarize and clarify what a child should be able to do at 1 month:

Recognize the mother's voice, turn towards the sounds.
Trying to make sounds walk".
To smile.
Grab an adult's finger or a small toy.
Lying on your stomach, raise your head and hold it for a few seconds.
Recognize the mother's face, follow the bright objects moving near his face.

The listed skills are an indicator of the correct development of a monthly baby.

What does a 1 month old baby know? Mom can independently assess the development of the crumbs, knowing about the skills and reflexes that the baby acquires during the first weeks of life. But we must remember that such a study at home does not replace the consultation and examination of a pediatrician.

Most of the time, the baby of the first month of life will sleep. This he knows how to do perfectly. But in the intervals between sleep and feeding, there are small periods of wakefulness. This time can be used to communicate with the baby, as well as to monitor its development, reflexes, new skills.

What skills can be observed

What can a baby be able to do at 1 month old?

Congenital reflexes and their meaning

Reflexes are a legacy of our ancient ancestors. Many reflexes disappear by 4 months, but some very important ones remain for life. For example: sneezing, coughing, swallowing, respiratory. The neonatologist checks the reflexes of the newborn. What can mom see?

Reflexes help develop motor skills and are the foundation for crawling, turning over on your stomach, and walking. Also, their absence or weak manifestation helps to recognize any problem in development. If the crumbs have not yet developed some skill, you should not sound the alarm in advance. It is necessary to take into account individual characteristics. In small and premature babies, skills develop later. It should be alert when the baby is lethargic all the time, does not respond to sound and light.

Help signals

Interaction with the outside world occurs with the help of grimaces, screaming, groaning, physical activity, smiling. These ways of communication are necessary for the baby, who does not yet have communication skills.

Creek. If the baby experiences hunger, cold, discomfort, pain, then it signals this with a loud cry. Babies at this age can often scream because of the onset of colic. The cry of an infant is characterized by strangled, nasal sounds.
Calms down when picked up. If the baby is not hungry and nothing hurts, then in the arms of a loved one, as a rule, he quickly calms down. It is important to cuddle the baby to yourself, it is the warmth of the body that soothes the babies.
Sounds. In the first month of life, the baby can already “talk”: it makes the sounds “e”, “a”, something in between. Also, vowel sounds can already be combined with consonants "x", "g".
Grunting. The grunting sounds that the baby makes may indicate some kind of discomfort, more often in the intestines. Sniffing and grunting in the nose at this age is considered normal and is explained by narrow nasal passages.
Bending of the body. If arching the body is not accompanied by constant crying, this can be a training exercise for the muscular apparatus, a coup on the stomach. But if the child is crying, this may indicate intestinal colic. Also, arching the back can indicate hypertonicity of the muscles of the neck and back. In this case, you need to consult a neurologist.

During wakefulness, a baby of 1 month of life has many chaotic movements of the arms and legs. This is fine. If you take the baby in your arms, the movements disappear. The motor activity of the limbs is explained by the fact that the child instinctively seeks those boundaries that he had before, in the womb. During the first three months of life, the baby will gradually get used to the new environmental conditions.

Some parents are sure that a month is too short a period for their baby to master any other science than how to eat, poop and scream around the clock. Others, on the contrary, with a wet gleam in their eyes, are ready to prove that their one-month-old baby is almost ready to enroll in a university - after all, he already “listens carefully”, “nods in response”, “waves goodbye” and even “everything understands everything. In fact, both are far from the truth of life. What does a child really know at 1 month old, and should he be able to do anything at all?

Being born is hard work! But the neonatal period (the first 28 days) is no easier for the baby: after all, the world around is so big and complex ... How does a child develop at the very beginning of life, and what does a baby already know at the turn of 1 month?

Baby 1 month old: new world, new schedule

In just twelve months, your baby will change beyond recognition, and not only externally. He will turn into a mobile and curious toddler, already starting to walk, talk and show the first signs of character. But this “ascent” has 12 steps, 12 months. The first step - the starting one - consists mainly in the adaptation of the baby to the new conditions of "being". But this does not mean at all that a child of 1 month has nothing to boast of at all!

The development of the child in the first month of life is really for the most part reduced to the fact that he gets used to the new, big, strange world. And you get used to the fact that from now on you must constantly and inseparably be near him and take care of him.

Child development in the first month of life: losing weight, gaining weight

Do not worry if your baby loses a little weight in the first days of life. Newborns are born with extra fluid in their bodies and usually lose up to 10% of their body weight in the first week. After that, their body stabilizes, and the child begins to gain grams again. At the end of the second week, babies, as a rule, weigh about as much as they weighed at birth.

But by the end of the first month of life, children, in conditions of adequate care and diet, begin to rapidly and steadily gain weight - an average of 15 to 30 grams every day.

What a baby can do at 1 month: touching reflexes

Despite the fact that in the first month of a child's life, his nervous system is still in the process of development, he already knows a lot. You will see that your little one has several natural reflexes. One of these, for example, sucking. Shortly after birth, your baby is able to latch onto the breast and eat, albeit with your help. And if you touch his palm or put your finger on it, he will involuntarily squeeze it into a fist.

This reflex has made more than one generation of fathers happy. A rare dad will miss the opportunity to touchingly boast that his offspring has a strong male handshake or an “iron” grip.

If the baby is suddenly frightened of something, for example, a flash of bright light, he spreads his arms and legs to the sides, and then presses them back. This is called the Moro reflex, it will remain with the child until the 4-5th month, then it will gradually fade away.

A child of 1 month: “I would take it and go - let them let me go!”

By the end of the first month of life, your baby already has an instinct to walk. If you, while holding the baby, put his foot on a flat hard surface, he will try to take the first steps. This reflex is called "automatic gait of the newborn." But don't rush! There is a time for everything - no need to try to put the child on the floor or table, supporting only the handles. The baby's spine is still too weak and definitely not ready for such a load.

In addition, although a one-month-old newborn is already able to turn his head when he lies on his stomach, his neck is not yet strong enough to hold his head on his own. So always support the back of your baby's head when you pick him up.

Sleep like a baby?

For the first few weeks, it may seem to you that the only thing a newborn needs besides is this. In fact, newborns really sleep a lot, 15-16 hours a day. These hours may not be regular as the child is not used to the normal day/night cycle.

Remember, in the first month of a baby's life, their sleep and wake cycles are very different from yours. Unlike adults, infants sleep for the most part in REM sleep. This means that during the first weeks your baby will wake up as suddenly as he falls asleep.

You can help your little one get used to natural biorhythms faster by playing and talking with him during the day, and keeping things monotonous and boring at night. In the end, the baby will “understand” that they play during the day and sleep at night. And gradually, just in time for the end of the first month of life, the baby will become more and more awake during the day and sleep more and more soundly at night.

Child development at 1 month: what does he see, how does he hear?

In the first month of a child's life, the development of his vision is just beginning, newborns are short-sighted. The kid sees only those objects that are no further than twenty to thirty centimeters from him. This means that the baby will be able to more or less clearly see your face when you feed him or are near him. By the way, he will prefer to look at your face instead of the muzzle of some plush toy - neonatologists note that newborns are naturally attracted to a greater extent by “live” human faces. The baby will also prefer to look at high-contrast objects, because they are more visible (this does not mean that you need to fill the children's bedroom with only black and white toys, pastel "soft" colors are also good and useful).

It is likely that you will notice that in the first month of life, the child will squint his eyes, trying to focus. This is normal, because the visual control apparatus of the newborn has not yet formed. However, if the baby continues to "mow" up to three or four months, it should be seen by a doctor, this may be a sign of strabismus.

Hearing in a newborn has not yet developed either, but by the end of the first month of life, he already hears many sounds clearly. Especially the voices of his parents, to which he was accustomed while he was in the womb. By the way, newborns like to listen to high-pitched, shrill sounds. So don't be too indignant when your mom or nanny specifically talks to him in a squeaky baby voice - it's even useful for a while.

If your baby at the age of one month does not react at all to any sounds, show him to the doctor. Despite the fact that in the maternity hospital, a neonatologist checks the hearing of all newborns, a safety net will not hurt.

Achieving the first month - love for sweets

Like older children (and many adults), newborns love the sweet taste. The thing is that in the first month of a child's life, the development of his taste buds is just beginning - the baby still does not know how to recognize bitter and salty. But the sweetish taste of his food (which is formed due to a special one) is already recognized by a monthly baby very well.

As for the sense of smell, it is already well developed in a month-old baby - from the first days of life, he is quite capable of distinguishing the smell of the nipple of the mother's breast and the smell of breast milk.

Baby 1 month: communication through tears

A 1-month-old baby has so far only the only way to communicate with the outside world - crying. Your baby may cry for up to three hours a day, and that's okay. Don't panic - the older he gets, the fewer tears there will be. Crying is your baby's way of saying "I'm hungry - feed me!" or "My diaper is wet - change it!" or simply "I'm tired." In the end, you will learn to distinguish this cry and choose.

Achievements are not great, but the will to win is huge!

So, the monthly baby still cannot boast of many new skills and abilities. So far, he is only getting used to the new conditions of life, which are radically different from those in which he was before birth. However, he already knows a few things. Namely:

interested in watching the face of a person leaning towards him
trying to repeat the facial expressions of his "interlocutor"
speaks with curiosity
sometimes repeats some sounds "in unison" with the speaker;
distinguishes bright solid colors (red, black, white, yellow);
recognizes the voice, smell and touch of the person who spends the most time with him (most often it is his mother);
able to focus on a motionless bright object;
in the position on the stomach actively tries to raise and turn the head.

Compared to what your baby will be able to demonstrate in a year, all of these skills seem insignificant. But you evaluate the success of your child "from the other side" - compared to that tiny "blatant lump" that your baby looked like at birth, today's one-month-old toddler is already an incredible hero and hero. Is not it?

The little man has a whole life ahead of him, but this month - the first month of life - is the most important. These four weeks are a time of special responsibility for parents. All of you, including the baby, are getting used to the idea that now his life is no longer in the womb, but in the real world.

Finally, what you have been waiting for and what you have been preparing for the last nine months has happened - you have become parents. A new life has entered your home - literally and figuratively. And from now on, everything will not be the same as before. Now your personal universe revolves around a little man who has just been born and will proudly bear the title of a newborn for another month. The little man has a whole life ahead of him, but this month - the first month of life - is the most important. These four weeks are a time of special responsibility for parents. All of you, including the baby, are getting used to the idea that now his life is no longer in the womb, but in the real world.

Physiology of the child of the first month of life

At the moment when the baby is born, takes his first breath and makes his first cry (birth catharsis), his small body begins to actively rebuild, adapting to extrauterine life. The circulatory system changes, the no longer relevant red blood cells with the fruit type of hemoglobin are destroyed, the digestive and endocrine systems begin to work differently, the skin, intestines and respiratory tract encounter bacteria previously unknown to them, and the immune system is activated to protect them. It is possible that your baby will lose about 10% of their weight in the first week of life. This is normal: for the first seven days, his body works with tremendous stress. The situation will stabilize about ten days after birth and the weight will begin to increase. Within 1 month, the child will add up to 600 grams.

Newborn sleep

The first month of life, the baby spends almost entirely in a dream. Approximately 20 hours a day, he sleeps, while his fragile body, meanwhile, is doing a great job of adapting to extrauterine life at this time. Newborns sleep, as a rule, on the back, with arms bent at the elbows and legs bent at the knee joints. Newborns have three phases of sleep and two phases of wakefulness. Sleep can be deep (the child breathes evenly and calmly) and shallow (breathing can be confused, twitching of arms and legs is possible). Sometimes the baby does not sleep, but dozes off (during feeding, for example). The time of wakefulness is characterized by active movements of the arms and legs. The child can lie quietly, which means that everything suits him. If he cries, then for some reason he is uncomfortable, which he is trying to tell you about.

Food of the child of the first month of life

Discomfort can cause intestinal cramps, bloating and colic - companions of almost all children in the first month of life. The digestive system adapts to new working conditions. Feeding is an extremely important issue in the life of a newborn (in fact, his whole life consists of eating and sleeping with short phases of activity). It is important to remember that there is no better food than mother's milk for a baby and cannot be. Women's milk is a storehouse of useful substances and microelements and a guarantor of a child's health. Up to six months, breast milk can be both food and drink for the baby, and there is no need to supplement with artificial nutrition. Doctors recommend feeding the baby every 3-3.5 hours, that is, 6-7 times a day. It is better if you take a night break of 5-6 hours. Thus, from the first days of life, a regimen will begin to form - an important condition for further correct physical and psychological development. Another option is also possible: to put the baby to the chest when anxiety is manifested. In this case, you will get 10-12 feedings per day. As the baby grows, the interval between feedings will increase.

Do not forget that during feeding, along with milk, the child also swallows air, so before putting him back in the crib, you must give him the opportunity to burp the air. To do this, you need to hold it in a column. If this is not done, the child may choke.

Psychology of a child in the first month of life

The psychological development of a person who has just been born is determined primarily by reflexes, which are called the reflexes of a newborn. Some of them will disappear as they grow up, others will remain for life. These reflexes must be checked. Their presence is a sign of the psychological usefulness of the baby. In the first month of life, several main reflexes are distinguished:

Sucking reflex. As soon as you give your baby a breast (or a pacifier), he begins to make rhythmic sucking movements. This reflex is the most important for the life support of an infant in the first months of life. For premature babies, it is the occurrence of a sucking reflex that is considered an indicator of maturity.

The grasp reflex and the Robinson reflex. The child reflexively grabs everything that touches his palm, squeezing it. This reflex disappears around the fifth month of life, and is replaced by a conscious grasping movement.

Reflex support and automatic walking. If you put the baby in a vertical position so that the feet touch a flat hard surface, he immediately straightens his legs and “stands” (with your help, of course, since he can stand up on his own only at 8-12 months of life). If it is tilted forward much, shifting the center of gravity, it will begin to move its legs, simulating walking.

Bauer's crawling reflex. If the child is placed on his stomach and lightly pressed on his feet, he begins to make movements that imitate crawling.

Proboscis reflex. If you lightly and abruptly touch the baby's lips, he immediately sticks them out in the form of a kind of "proboscis". Just like the sucking reflex, the proboscis reflex is associated with the most important process for full development - nutrition. Usually the proboscis reflex fades at 2-3 months of age.

Protective reflex of the newborn. If the child is placed on his tummy, he will immediately turn his head to the side. Biologically, this reflex is explained simply: turning the head allows you to breathe even in such an uncomfortable position for a newborn.

Babkin palmar-oral reflex. If you lightly press the fingertips on the baby's palm, he opens his mouth and turns his head towards the irritant.

There are other reflexes (Moro reflex, Perez reflex, Galant reflex), which are also checked without fail. Most of them fade away or transform by the end of the first year, when the baby's life becomes more conscious and controlled movements replace reflexes.

And a little more about psychological development: by the end of the first month of life, the child begins to show positive emotional reactions. In the fourth week, he will already recognize you not only on an instinctive level, and perhaps even smile at you - his touching toothless smile! In general, the more and more often you smile at him, the sooner he will answer you in the same way.

Baby upbringing

The neonatal period is over, the period of infancy begins, which will last up to a year. At this time, the child is gaining weight, growing rapidly, and almost every day he has more and more new movements and skills. What do you need to know about the developmental features of babies at this time and how can parents help them?

How to organize the life of a child in 1 month

Now the baby sleeps 17-19 hours a day, gradually getting used to his new life outside the mother's belly. Some parents during this period try to observe an approximate daily routine with their child: they start and end a walk at the same time, they start swimming at the same hour, and so on.

Motor development of a child at 1 month

At this time, the child ceases to take the posture with bent arms and legs, characteristic of the embryo, and begins to move with pleasure. In order to help the baby's muscles develop, you can change his position when he is awake: put it on the side, then on the tummy.

Lying on their stomach, one-month-old babies already turn their heads, and some even manage to lift it up and look around. Stroke the child more - now he really needs tactile contact with his mother, including for feeling his own body. Keep in mind that restrictive diapers hinder the development of the child: children who are swaddled tightly eat less and start talking later.

How to play with a 1 month old baby

The kid at this time carefully looks at the faces, gradually begins to distinguish the intonation of the voice and is interested in different sounds. Therefore, various rattles and bells will come in handy.

You can put ringing bracelets on your child's arms and legs, then he will move more and pay attention to the fact that different things ring in different ways. It is also good to briefly give him small toys in his hand so that the baby feels their different shapes and textures.

Children in one month, by the way, can play on their own, carefully listening to the sounds around them, examining their hands (and sometimes being scared by them), feeling new smells. Of course, mom at this moment should be nearby.

What can you teach a child in 1 month

It takes no more than two minutes to deal with a monthly baby. In order for the baby to learn to follow objects and find them with his eyes, you can show him a large toy, wait until he focuses his eyes on it, and then slowly take it to the side so that the child’s gaze does not tear away from it. The same can be done with a rattle that makes a soft sound.

What does a baby feel at 1 month

The child can respond to your mood - if you smile at him, he will smile back, if he frowns, he may cry. The kid shows great interest in everything that happens around him - he already has a need for new experiences.

By the end of the first - the beginning of the second month of life, the child begins to form a complex of revival - a reaction to the approach of an adult. This is a smile, quickening of breathing, babble, bending and straightening of the arms and legs. In a month-old baby, you can notice some of the components of this complex.

What does a 1 month old baby hear and understand?

The kid listens with interest to the voices of adults, although he does not yet connect voices and faces with each other. By 3 months, he will begin to distinguish between intonation and timbres, so it is important to talk to him, changing both: in response to a high voice, fast speech, the child may begin to move his arms and legs. And the gentle, gentle voice of the mother can calm him down.

Many experts advise children to turn on classical music for about 10 minutes a day, but not all kids love it, some get tired. You can turn on the child and records of various musical instruments or play them yourself near his bed - also not for long. Constant conversations with the child lead to the fact that he actively enters into communication with an adult - snorts, squeaks, tries to babble.

The task of parents

At 1 month, the period of symbiosis between the mother and the child continues - the baby feels merged with the mother, the mother may complain that she has "become stupid": but this regression is necessary in order to better feel what the child needs now, what he wants. You need to know that the neonatal crisis lasts about two months - the baby has already got used to the new world for him, but has not yet fully got used to it, so he needs attention, communication and the willingness of his mother to take him in his arms so that he feels safe.