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The meaning of the moral education of children. Theoretical foundations of the moral education of children of preschool age. Moral education of schoolchildren

The basics of moral education of children of preschool age are laid at that time when kids learn to communicate with their peers, their activities are significantly expanding, and knowledge of the environment is constantly replenished. If a two-year-old child has no feeling of guilt for misconduct, then three years are already able to realize what they did something wrong. So how do parents identify that face when preschoolers are ready for the assimilation of moral norms and their observance? There is a simple test: ask the child not to turn around until you be behind his back to unpack an interesting new toy, which should notify it. HASTED? Did not turn around? If the baby learned to manage his desires and gusts, then it is quite ready to fulfill the requirements of the simplest moral norms.

Child and parents

The first ideas about good and bad children will learn at an early age of fairy tales told by their parents. The concepts of good and evil are formed in a gaming unobtrusive form. A huge role in the process of socialization belongs to moral education in the family, which is based on the relationship between its members. The child constantly hears that it is necessary to respect the elders, sharing toys with a brother or sister, not to offend animals, not deceive. But the most important example is the behavior of adults. Baby, observing unacceptable, selfishness, disrespect of parents to each other, simply can not behave differently. That is why the moral education of preschoolers is impossible outside the family.

Education of moral motives

One of the main tasks of moral education of preschoolers is the motivation to ensure that children do not just know about the existence of certain norms, but also wanted to observe them. Of course, make it easier. But you can act differently. A variety of methods of moral education of preschoolers are reduced to awards and promotions. Were honest - wait for the award, deceived - be ready for punishment. For preschoolers, approval of an adult, and especially parent, is of great importance. The child tries to strengthen and save good relationships with parents. That is how the main motive arises, oriented on the so-called social external control.

Good results demonstrate games on the moral education of preschoolers who, in a fun form, come to them the importance of compliance with moral norms.

The role of punishment

Features of spiritual and moral education of preschoolers do not allow to do without punishments that should follow the non-compliance with moral norms. Rough words, physical pain - methods that are able to inflict the child's psyche irreparable injury. The form and dosage of punishments are always individual, and the ability to use them - this is a special skill. The main thing is that the punishment does not concern spiritual trust threads that tied the baby with their parents. Human dignity, Even if the little man is only 3-4 years old, should never be humiliated!

Punishment is only external control. When the child grows up, parental control will weaken, and over time it will not disappear, so it is impossible to hope for "external guard". The kid must realize that it is necessary, first of all, himself. Existing means of moral education of preschoolers allow you to choose an optimal version of motivation, awards and punishment for a particular child.

The situation when the upbringing of moral qualities in preschoolers is based on disinterested and creating a positive image of himself, - a great reason to give the baby to feel his own significance. But such an image is inseparable from moral actions.

According to the majority of children's psychologists, the foundation of moral education is laid in preschool age. At the moral education of children of preschool age strongly affects the relationship in the family, so to speak "the weather" in the house. It is at the age of 7 years of age that the moral qualities of a person are formed. Many parents are asked questions:

How old is the spiritual development?
What is the role of proper education of moral qualities?
Is it possible to change the moral education of adolescents?

Moral education of children of preschool age

Moral education implies the creation of favorable cultivation conditions in the family and outside the house. Of course, the main role is played by relations in the family. The child sees how parents communicate, and for him such relationships are accepted as the norm. Education of moral qualities in children of preschool age is better to start from early childhood. At the age of 5-6 years, the child is formed moral qualities, it expands the circle of communication. In addition to the formation of moral qualities, the task of moral education is grafting the child of humanity, the ability to communicate in the team, respect for the world, patriotism, mercy.
You can highlight the main methods moral education of preschoolers:

  • conversations, bringing examples (positive and negative);
    Provocation for action;
  • prompting to empathy, mercy;
  • award;
  • punishment.

Younger reoxoys are badly divided by the correct behavior from unsatisfactory. Often parents encourage children with material benefits, and punishment is physical. This method is extremely negative impact on the development of moral personality. The problems of moral education that arose must be solved without delay.

Moral education of children in the family should be based on the existence of values, teaching good actions. Baby who can empathize, suggest help, show mercy, it will be easier to communicate with peers. For moral education of the child in the family it is necessary to follow clear means. In order for the baby to understand what kindness is, honesty, mercy, beauty, love, gratitude and other moral values, they must be represented in a simple understandable form. For example, in:

  • game;
  • creative classes;
  • reading good fairy tales;
  • communication with people of different ages;
  • knowledge of nature;
  • the ability is in the team.

About the importance of the collective in the life of the child can be spoken separately. Since a person lives in Socium, then you have to learn to communicate with different people. At an early age, the baby communicates with loved ones, its grievous circle of communication is expanding more and more. Sometimes contradictions in the team occur, it helps learn to adhere to the norms and rules of society.
During the development of moral qualities in a child, the parent must take into account some Principles Moral education:

  • take into account the age, physical and individual development of the baby. Each person is individual and cannot be applied the same method equally for everyone;
  • respect for the identity of the child and demanding. Creation gives rise to faith faith in their capabilities. It is also necessary to create conditions for tasks;
  • the sequence of adult action. It should be organized from the kid to perform actions. Consistent, systematic requirements will lead to a positive result;
  • the development of moral qualities in society. It is very important that children played, engaged in the team. There is an activity in which coherence, consistency, communication with the participants is required;
  • concentrating attention to moral actions. Making the baby to help in need (meaning to help climb, find a lost toy, etc.), the manifestation of kindness adults fix the moral positive aspect of the younger person.

You can use all the means and methods of moral education of the preschooler, however, they will bring a positive result only thanks to the example of parents and loved ones. The little observer takes your words as a basis, attitude to each other and to others. So that you, parents, do not have to blush for the statements or actions of their children, follow their own words, judgments and behavior. It is important to show respect for the opinion, the manifestation of the initiative, to the person in general.

Also affects a positive result conditions moral education of children of preschool age. Let's select the main conditions:

  • competent setting of adult tasks, coordinated work in the team;
  • development of the principles of impact on the education of a moral personality;
  • uniform development of moral qualities in a child;
  • the education system should be consistent, as agreed and mental development;

In preschool age, the child not only meets moral values, also evaluates the importance of them, tries to apply in actions and observes others. Therefore, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for education of a comprehensive personality.

The game is the most large-scale condition for the adoption of moral rules in the team. The little man plays with friends and accepts the conditions of the game. If the rules of the game are not executed by the participant, you have to listen to the opinion (usually dissatisfied) the rest. So the preschoolers learn to fulfill the rules and reckon with the opinion of the team. During the plot games, you can see the kid of his hobbies, achievements, shortcomings, the level of moral knowledge. Scene-role-playing games in the "school", "kindergarten", "cook" and the like helping to tell the interest in the profession, would like to meet activities.

Playing in the moving games, preschoolers are taught to observation, intelligence, determination, collective decision making.

Moral education of schoolchildren

Pupils of primary classes are experiencing changes in the moral sphere. First paints should follow the standards and rules established and controlled constantly. Younger schoolchildren are ready for the awareness of all rules and norms, they constantly apply communication skills with classmates, teachers, comrades. At this age, children are not prepared for the development of their moral mains, this is due to age-related changes. The authority of parents, teachers, older comrades while playing a big role. Therefore, the child perceives both positive and negative position.

The moral education in adolescence has a great influence and public opinion.
In the modern world, schoolchildren of middle and older classes are more interested in not hiking with tents, but gadgets, games (sometimes carrying cruelty and violence). Moral education of adolescents is an indicator of a comprehensively developed person. Morally adequate people are respectful to their homeland, honor parents and the elderly, quite confident in themselves.

At the older school age, students have moral beliefs that give more confidence, prudentialness in behavior.

Moral education lies in the ability to show emotions, absorb the rules and norms of the team, friendly communicate with people of different ages. In the initial stage, a variety of games come to help parents. Children themselves do not know the skills of communication, show kindness, care, empathize, learn to play the team. The knowledge gained is smoothly transferred to life and apply relative to the surrounding world.

Punishments should not be physical, they can be excluded altogether. However, if punishments takes place, they must be expressed in deprivation of some pleasures, a favorite thing, refusing a walk with friends and the like.

For parents, it is important to find an approach to your child and try to invest maximum knowledge aimed at the moral upbringing of the baby. Treat your child with respect and understanding, share your emotions and interest his opinion.

Your baby will definitely grow up good, responsive, caring, purposeful, self-sufficient when there is a similar example. Remember everything depends on you. Children are not born moral or immoral, these qualities are purchased as agreed. Love your children and be happy.

The moral education of preschoolers worries teachers, psychologists, philosophers, sociologists with ancient times. With each century, scientists, concerned about the immorality of young people, are constantly developing new methods of combating it. At the same time, the "moral" request is changing with the change of social values. For example, altruists were welcomed in the Communist time, workers, generous collectivists, and with the arrival of capitalism, initiative enterprising personalities were prompted.

The relevance of the moral education of children

The generally accepted fact is that it is impossible to train moral education. The impulse of moral norms, habits, qualities, behavior is due to individual personality features. An adult is impossible to re-educate. He himself takes for itself those or other principles of morality.

If the moral education of preschoolers in the family and kindergarten is different, then the guys occur in disharmony. For example, in kindergarten focusing on friendship, and dad and mom can indulge the aggression and the drakesiness of their children, seeing self-defense. That is, the moral education must be uniform requirements of both teachers of educational institutions and parents.

And yet, than the younger child, the more he is open to the world around. It has already been proven that the personality is formed by five years (as the Soviet teacher Makarenko wrote). But the preschool and younger school period remain the most flexible, favorable period in the formation of moral norms.

Moral education of preschool children

This process is considered from different points of view:

  • standards of behavior in different situations (in transport, society, building, at the table);
  • moral standards in relation to people;
  • spiritual component;
  • patriotic feelings;
  • personal qualities.

The moral education of preschoolers occurs complex, that is, at every occupation, the teacher observes children, corrected their behavior. Problem situations lose in plot-role-playing games, discussed on the example of literary works, resort to the help of a psychologist and parents.

Depending on the requirements of the program and methods of teachers, these or other aspects of morality are distinguished: for example, the development of moral feelings through labor, game, as well as patriotic, environmental, religious, aesthetic education.

Now you also pay attention not only to the development of collectivism, but also a person. The child should be able to communicate with other people, but at the same time defend his opinion, without giving others to "crush" himself. Therefore, more often teachers are resorted to the personality-oriented theory of Sukhomlinsky.

The problem of the morality of younger schoolchildren

The moral education of schoolchildren in primary grades is based on the authority of the teacher. His personal qualities and behavior are copied by children unconsciously. Primary classes are an important period in the formation of the moral personality of the child. In the communist time, the morning began with a collective line, where positive and negative moments from the life of the school were discussed. The whole day was built at collective events, extracurricular conversations designed to raise a harmoniously developed personality.

Now any discussion is an offense of a schoolboy perceived as a humiliation of a person. Parents immediately turn with complaints to the Ministry of Education and the Prosecutor's Office, not delighting the situation. Teachers began to consider the moral education of younger schoolchildren superficially. That is, in its subjects, inform about moral feelings to the motherland, faith, people, to themselves, nature, the work of the teacher, practically stopped. Various problematic situations are resolved at the highest level (director - parents), while the influence of PAP and MAM can radically differ from pedagogical requirements.

Features of moral and spiritual education

Some educational institutions are focused on spiritual and moral education, where human relations, conscience, moral appearance of the person, are published. More often such programs are found in schools or kindergartens with a religious bias. The spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren and senior preschoolers is aimed at the attraction of the following spiritual values:

  • universal (peace, culture, land, ecology);
  • national (acquisition of themselves to the nation, country, traditions, century-old history, pride for deposit);
  • family (attitude to family, parents, pedigree, structure, traditions);
  • personal (dignity, life, human rights, child, honor, individuality).

The program of spiritual and moral education in many educational institutions implies four main directions:

  • development of moral feelings (patriotism, citizenship, responsibility, faith, debt, conscience);
  • formation of moral appearance (meekness, patience, altruism, peacefulness, mercy);
  • fixing moral habits and positions (the ability to distinguish evil and good, willingness to overcome difficulties, exercise selfless love);
  • the formation of moral behavior (ministry of the homeland, spiritual prudence, discipline, a tendency to good actions).

Social and moral education

Sometimes the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren goes in a complex with social learning. This is due to the fact that the life of the individual is impossible outside society. Therefore, since childhood, you need to teach a child to interact with people, introduce it with legal, civil, household, economic relations.

In many schools, such objects are introduced as the right, social science, which learn legal aspects in the event of various life situations. However, children quickly grab that any socio-personal problems are easily solved at the expense of third parties (prosecutors, police, courts). At the same time, they do not even learn to resolve conflict situations in peaceful way.

That is why social relations are studied along with moral actions and personal qualities. In some situations, teachers resort to the help of a psychologist, which organizes various problematic situations, trainings, games. But without interaction with parents, it is impossible to absolutely assimilate the socio-moral norms.

Moral and civil education

In cadet schools, patriotic gardens, morality is considered together with citizenship. This is especially true in our time when class and civil wars go, when the history of military battles of different temporary eras is deliberately distorted.

The moral and patriotic education is expressed in informing about the political and social needs of the country and the formation of the ability to defend their opinion. Then the child will be able to adequately assess the situation in his state, to understand his problems and take conscious decisions to protect the interests of their debris: For example, some of their things and toys to transfer to an orphanage, follow the purity of their yard, to be attentive and careful in relation to suspicious persons (fraudsters, drug dealers), etc.

The task of civil education is to teach children to take their country with all the advantages and disadvantages, not to change it to foreign countries, but to solve problems on their own. Also, this process is designed to push subsequently senior schoolchildren to choose from such a profession, which will help not only a personal formation, but also partially contributes to the decision of state problems.

Moral and aesthetic education

In some institutions, the moral education of children is accompanied by aesthetic development. In the ancient time, muscy and art were mandatory objects for all students. It is believed that the perception of beauty and good is in unity. A person who stretches to the beautiful, never make an immoral act.

Preschoolers and schoolchildren are emotionally more open, so more subtly perceive the paintings, theatrical productions, audioskasks, performances that reveal moral actions, moral appearance.

Theater and literary works allow us to most acutely demonstrate the antisocial qualities of a person. The child feels antipathy to negative heroes and tries not to repeat their mistakes. Pedagogue is easier to solve various conflict situations on examples from literary works. In addition, the spiritual and moral education program implies visiting theaters, museums, exhibitions, which makes learning more interesting for children.

Features of moral labor education

To this day, society appreciates diligence, initiative, operational, discipline, responsibility, mobility, ability of planning, analysis and forecasting. It is these qualities that begin to form in preschool age, passing children to duty in the group, the corner of nature, the locker room, etc.

The kids work on their plot, cleaning the snow in winter, and watering plants in summer. It is important to consolidate in children respect for someone else's work, teach carefully to treat things. This is the labor spiritual and moral education of children.

With preschool age, the guys teach to the fact that it is necessary to treat the kindergarten as a house. Perform all orders follows conscience. This attitude is especially important in our time when parents reluctantly perceive participation in collective cleaning of the territory, washing windows, repairing toys or furniture and other similar events. Moreover, most of the moms and dads in the future fiercely defend the rights of schoolchildren, forbidding them to take practice, carry duty in classes and at school, perceiving it as the exploitation of child labor.

Moral and environmental education

Spiritual and moral education is inseparable from the vegetable and animal world. After all, the kids unconsciously stretch to the brothers to our smaller. Therefore, educational institutions organize corners of nature, where they teach children to care for and take care of fish, hamsters, rabbits, birds, plants.

It is important to instill the love of love for the whole living, consolidate a sense of responsibility for our smaller brothers, to show that environmental pollution can lead to global irreversible consequences. Daily observations of natural phenomena, plants, animal behavior expands the child's horizons and emotional experiences.

The moral education of younger students and preschoolers through environmental methods allows you to develop altruism, attentiveness, care, mutual assistance, patient, kindness, diligence, responsibility. Teachers are important to constantly carry out the parallel between the sensations of animals, plants with the feelings of people.

Moral education and moral development

What is the similarity and the difference between such terms, as moral education, development and formation? Preschool age, as Rousseau said, this is a "clean board", fertile soil for the "landing" of moral feelings. That is why you first need to form in children the root of certain qualities.

Senior preschoolers can already distinguish good and bad deeds, may find causal relationships, so they include the term "education" or "development". Only upbringing is a continuous process throughout life. It can be targeted and uncontrollable. For example, at the same time, the children wanted to become steep guys like Sasha White (the film "Brigade"), despite the antisocial behavior of the main character. Therefore, spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren should be continuous from the pedagogical team and parents.

Development is the specific process of a certain temporary segment. For example, the development of moral feelings (collectivism, self-esteem and hardworking) from senior preschoolers. That is, the teacher is focused on the development of concrete moral feelings.

In fact, the distinction of these terms is required for students of pedagogical universities when choosing the theme of moral education for diplomas. In all other cases, terminology is not so relevant, the main result.

Brief conclusions

Education of the moral appearance, moral behavior it is better to start with preschool age. The result can be achieved faster in collaboration of teachers and parents. Children need not only to clarify the moral rules, principles and norms, but also to their example demonstrate them in practice.

The moral education of schoolchildren in the future determines the moral appearance of the citizens of the country. If teachers will focus on their pupils on the public problems of the state (Nazism, racism, fascism, egoism and indifference), to teach them to solve the difficulties in all sorts of ways, and not to look for an excuse, then the state will increase the number of initiative strong personalities that will change the future for the better.

Article. Features of the moral education of children of preschool age.

Moral education is a targeted process of formation from the younger generation of high consciousness, moral feelings and behavior in accordance with the ideals and principles of morality. The main function of moral education is to form a moral consciousness in the younger generation, stable moral behavior, moral feelings, corresponding to a modern lifestyle, to form an active life position of each person, habit to be guided in their actions, actions, relationships of public debt.

It is important to emphasize that moral education is laid in a child in the family. All moral qualities are formed in the family: goodwill, responsiveness, attentiveness, care and others. However, not all families fully implement the entire complex of the ability to influence the child. Causes Different: Some families do not want to raise a child, others do not know how to do it, others do not understand why it is necessary. In all cases, qualified assistance is necessary for the pre-school institution.

It should be noted that teachers of preschool institutions are not always penetrated by the consistency of the importance and the need for family cooperation.

Therefore, the success of the moral education of children largely depends on the nature of the subjective moral space in which they live.

R.S. The Bure emphasized that the ability of children in cases of difficulties or conflict, to independently find the correct form of behavior corresponding to the norms of cultural, friendly relations, is an unconditional indicator of their educationalness. But this result does not come by itself; Not all children are capable of critical moments to show sympathy of peers, a desire to help, give way, refusing to their intentions, especially if they are passionate about their own activities. Inattention of an adult to this side of relations of children contributes to the formation of negative style of behavior in preschoolers: indifference to the "suffering" to the peer, selfish manifestations.

A.V. Zaporozhets stressed that often children come against the existing rules of morality not because they do not know them, but because they have insufficiently formed such humane feelings and relationships, as sympathy, empathy, compassion. But they are needed not only an adult, but also a child when entering the children's team, find friends, get their support.

The formation of humane feelings and relationships is an important condition for the comprehensive education of the child's personality. From how the preschooler will be educated in moral terms, not only its successful schooling, but also the formation of a life position. The underestimation of the importance of education of moral qualities from an early age leads to the establishment of incorrect relationships of adults and children, to excessive care of the latter, which can cause laziness, the failure of children, insecurity in their forces, low self-esteem, dependency and egoism.

N. K. Krupskaya in many articles spoke of the meaning of the game for the knowledge of the world, for the moral education of children.The game forms all directions of the child's personality, there are significant changes in his psyche, prepare the transition to a new, higher stage of development. This explains the enormous educational features of the games, in which psychologists consider the leading activity of the preschooler.

A special place is occupied by the games that are created by the children themselves, they are called creative or plot-role. In these games, preschoolers are reproduced by all that they see around them, in the life and activities of adults. The creative game most fully forms the identity of the child, therefore it is an important means of moral education.

In the game, the child begins to feel a member of the team, rightly assess the actions and actions of his comrades and its own. The task of the educator is to focus on playing for such purposes that would cause the community of feelings and actions, contribute to the establishment of relations between children, based on friendship, justice, mutual responsibility. In the game, all sides of the child's personality are formed in unity and interaction. Organize a friendly team, to educate friendly feelings, organizer skills can only be able to captivate their games reflecting the work of adults, their noble deeds, relationships, in turn, only with a good organization of the children's team, you can successfully develop the creative abilities of each child. His activity.

Moral qualities are formed in the game; Responsibility to the team for entrusted business, sense of partnership and friendship, coordination of actions when achieving a common goal, the ability to fairly resolve controversial issues.

The leadership of plotting games is one of the most complex sections of the methodology for pre-school education. The teacher can not foresee in advance that children will come up with, and how they will behave in the game. But this does not mean that the role of the caregiver in the creative game is less active than in class. However, the peculiarity of child activity requires a kind of management techniques.

The most important condition for the successful leadership of plot-role games is the ability to conquer the confidence of children, to establish contact with them. This is achieved only if the teacher refers to the game seriously, with sincere interest, understands the intentions of children, their experiences. To such an educator, the guys willingly tell about their plans, turn to him for advice and help. The question is often raised; Can, and whether the educator should interfere in the game? Of course, this right has it, if it is required in order to give the game the right direction. But an adult intervention will only be successful when he enjoys sufficient respect and confidence when he can do not break their ideas, make a game more exciting.

The game reveals the features of each child, his interests, good and bad character traits. The observations of children in the course of this type of activity give the teacher a rich material to study their pupils helps to find the right approach to each child. The main way of education in the game is the effect on its content, i.e. To choose the topic, the development of the plot, the distribution of roles and the implementation of game images. The theme of the game is the phenomenon of life that will be depicted: family, kindergarten, hospital, clinic, etc.

The same topic includes various episodes depending on the interests of children and fantasy development. Thus, various plots can be created on one topic. Each child depicts a person a certain profession: a doctor, nurse, lifeguard, or family member (mother, grandmother). Sometimes the roles of animals, characters from fairy tales play.

Creating a game image, the child not only expresses its attitude to the chosen hero, but also shows personal qualities. All girls are mothers, but each gives the role of their individual traits. Also in the played role of pilot or cosmonaut combines the features of the hero with the features of a child who depicts it.

Therefore, roles may be the same, but the game images are always individual. The content of children's games is varied: they reflect the life of the family and kindergarten, the work of people of different professions, public events, understandable to the child and attracting his attention. The division of games for household, industrial and public is conditional. In the same game, the elements of labor and public life are often combined: Mom takes a daughter-doll to kindergarten, and herself hurries to work itself; Parents with children go for the holiday, to the theater. But in each game there is a predominant motive that determines its content, its pedagogical significance. This is natural: the family gives the child the first impressions of the surrounding life, parents are the closest, favorite people who, above all, would like to imitate.

It is also natural that dolls attract the mostly girls, after all, moms and grandmothers care about children. However, if the boys do not inspire contempt for such games ("Why do you need a doll, you're not a girl"), and they are happy to eat dads, they perform homemade duties, carry the babies in the stroller. Watching the behavior of a child in the game, one can judge the relationship between adults in the family, about their handling of children. These games help educate in children respect for parents, to the elders, the desire to take care of the babies. Imitating homework adults, children assimilate some skills of economic labor: wipe the dust from puppet furniture, sweep the floor in their "house", erase doll underwear.

The organization of the game team and the formation of the personality of each child in this team is one of the most important and very difficult issues of pedagogy of children's age. This complexity is caused by the dual character of experiences and relationships of playing. With enthusiasm fulfilling its role, the child does not lose feelings of reality, remembers that in fact he is not a sailor, and the captain is only his comrade. Having external respect for the commander, he may be experiencing completely different feelings, who lives him, envies him. If the game is very fond of the child, if it is conscious and deeply entered the role, gaming experiences win egoistic gusts. The task of the teacher is to bring up children on the best examples from the life and activities of people who contribute to the formation of positive feelings and motivations.

In recent years, in view of the fact that there is not enough high level of formation of gaming activities in children of preschool age, scientists N.Ya. Mikhailenko, D.V. Mezderitskaya propose to consider the management of the plot-role-playing game as a process of gradual transmission by preschoolers of the complicating ways to build a game.

N.Ya. Mikhaylenko and N.A. Korobov emphasized that it turns out to be an effective means of forming moral qualities in the plot-role-playing game, is a joint game of adult with children, but in the form of completely new plots, and from a partial change - "loosening" already known; Gradually, an adult translates children to more and more complex transformations of a familiar plot, and then to jointly invented new. As the skills are mastered together, combine a variety of events, N.Ya. Mikhaylenko and N.A. Korotkov argued that the educator could stimulate children to connect the creative construction of a plot with different role-playing interaction. The experience gained in the game with adults inventing multiple stories, events that unite different roles helps children successfully deploy an independent joint game.

We concluded that the teacher, organizing life and activity in the form of the game, consistently develops activity and initiative, approves friendly relations in the game, the ability to find new positive qualities in comrades, forms self-organization skills in the game.

To ensure the assimilation of the norms regulating moral relations and at the same time to preserve the creative, the amateur character of the game is possible only with the right pedagogical guidance, as the development of gaming activities, its means of implementation, and also positively changes the moral behavior of each child, taking into account the overall gaming goal.

Scene-role relations, being a kind of material stage, which is simulated by the sphere of human relationships, mainly determine the development of preschoolers of the ability to allocate and better know the directions of their relationships with other children who are regulated by moral norms. The levels of relationships in plot-role-playing games were determined by A.P.USov in his studies:

1. The level of inorganized behavior.

2. The level of single games.

3. The level of the game is near.

4. The level of short-term communication.

5. Long communication level.

6. The level of permanent interaction.

Thus, the invaluable value of the plot role-playing game for the moral formation of the personality of preschoolers. The basis of morality is humane relationship, namely: goodwill, responsiveness, care, care. Humane qualities are the unity of the three components: ideas about the norms of humanity, humane feelings (empathy, sympathy, assistance), relevant actions. The essence of humane qualities and relationships are help, supporting the other. Moral education through the plot-role-playing game occurs when performing pedagogical conditions:

1. Purposeful pedagogical management of plot-role games;

2. The interaction of the teacher with the family of the pupil on the problem of moral education;

3. Enrichment of plot-role games in moral content;

These humane qualities, their representation in the relationship of children, we investigate in the experimental part of the work.

We will consider in detail this topic, as well as let's talk about key means and methods.

What is it about?

To begin with, we note that the moral education of middle preschool children is an extensive concept that includes a whole range of educational techniques, educational children by moral values. But the child and before that gradually increases its level of pupil, turns on to a certain social environment, begins to interact with other people and master self-education. Therefore, it is important and moral education of children of the younger preschool age, which we will also talk about, because just during this period there are significant changes in personality.

Since a long time, philosophers, scientists, parents, writers and teachers were interested in the issue of moral education of the future generation. We will not hide that every old generation marks the fall of youth. All new and new recommendations are regularly developed, the purpose of which is to increase the level of morality.

A large influence on this process has a state that actually forms a certain set of necessary qualities of a person. For example, consider the times of communism, when workers had the most honors. People who were ready to help and clearly fulfill the leadership order at any time. In a sense, personality was oppressed, while collectivists were valued most. When capitalist attitudes were published, such features of a person, as the ability to look for non-standard solutions, creativity, initiative, enterprise, were key to the key. Naturally, all this affected the raising of children.

Why do the moral education of preschool children?

Many scientists respond differently to this question, but in any case the answer is ambiguous. Most researchers still converge on the fact that it is impossible to raise such qualities in a child, one can only try to instill them. To say exactly what the individual perception of each child depends is quite difficult. Most likely, it goes from the family. If the child grows in a relaxed pleasant atmosphere, then "wake up" these qualities will be easier in it. It is logical that the child who lives in the atmosphere of violence and constant stress will be worse to succumb to the attempts of the educator. Also, many psychologists say that the problem lies in the inconsistency of the upbringing that the child gets at home and in the collective. Such a contradiction can over time to pour into the internal conflict.

For example, we give the case when parents try to grow up a sense of property and aggression from the child, and educators - to instill such qualities as goodwill, friendliness and generosity. Because of this, the child may experience some difficulties in the formation of their own opinion on the score of this or that situation. That is why it is very important for young children to teach higher values, such as good, honesty, justice, regardless of what principles are currently guided by his parents. Thanks to this, the child will understand that there is a certain ideal option, and will be able to draw up its own opinion.

The basic concepts of moral education of children of senior preschool age

The first thing you need to understand is that learning should be complex. However, in the modern world, we increasingly observe the situation when the child, moving from one tutor to another, absorbs completely opposing values. In this case, the normal learning process is impossible, it will have a chaotic character. At the moment, children of preschool age consists in full-fledged development both the qualities of the collectivist and a separate personality.

Very often, educators use personal-oriented theory, thanks to which the child learns to openly express his opinion and defend its position without entering the conflict. Thus, self-esteem and significance is formed.

However, in order to achieve maximum results, the methods of moral education of children of preschool age should be selected deliberately and purposefully.

Approaches

There are several approaches that are used to form moral qualities. They are implemented through the game, work, creativity, literary works (fairy tales), a personal example. At the same time, any approach of moral education affects the whole complex of its forms. List them:

  • patriotically feeling;
  • attitude to power;
  • personal qualities;
  • relationship in the team;
  • inslace Rules of etiquette.

If the educators at least work slightly in each of these directions, they already create an excellent base. If the entire system of education and education acted in one scheme, skills and knowledge, layering at each other, would form a solid complex of qualities.

Problems

The problems of moral education of preschool children are that the child fluctuates between two authorities. On the one hand, these are educators, and on the other - parents. But on this issue there is a positive side. Institutions of pre-school education and parents, acting together, can achieve excellent results. But, on the other hand, the child's unformed personality can be very confused. At the same time, let's not forget that children at the subconscious level copy the behavior and reaction of the person who is considered to be their mentor.

The peak of such behavior falls on the first school years. If in Soviet times, all the flaws and errors of each child were ended with the universal review, then in the modern world, such problems are discussed behind the closed door. Moreover, scientists have long proved that upbringing and training under criticism cannot be effective.

At the moment, the public public is interpreted as a punishment. To date, parents may complain to the educator if they are not satisfied with his work methods. Note that in most cases this intervention is inadequate. But with the moral and patriotic education of children of senior preschool age, the authority of the educator is of great importance. But teachers are becoming less active. They remain neutral, trying not to harm the child, but in this way and not teaching him.

Goal

The goals of the moral education of children of senior preschool age are to:

  • formation of various habits, qualities and ideas about anything;
  • raising a humane attitude towards nature and others;
  • forming a patriotic feeling and pride for their country;
  • raising a tolerant attitude towards people of another nationality;
  • formation of communication skills that allow productively working in the team;
  • forming an adequate self-esteem.

Funds

The spiritual and moral education of children of preschool age occurs when using certain means and techniques that we will talk about below.

First, it is creativity in all its manifestations: music, literature, visual art. Thanks to all this, the child learns to perceive the world shaped and feel it. In addition, creativity makes it possible to express their own feelings and emotions with words, music or drawings. Over time, the child understands that everyone is free to implement himself as he pleases.

Secondly, this communication with nature, which is the necessary factor in the formation of a healthy psyche. To begin with, we note that the pastime in nature always fills not only the child, but also of any person forces. Watching the world around the world, the child learns to analyze and understand the laws of nature. Thus, the kid understands that many processes are natural and should not be shy.

Thirdly, activities that manifest itself in games, work or creativity. At the same time, the child learns to express himself, leading and present itself in a certain way, to understand other children and apply in practice the basic principles of communication. In addition, thanks to this, the baby learns to communicate.

An important means of spiritual and moral education of preschool children is the situation. As they say, in a basket with rotten apples and healthy will soon begin spinning. The means of moral education of preschool children will be ineffective if there is no necessary atmosphere in the team. It is impossible to overestimate the importance of the environment, since modern scientists have proven that it plays a huge role. Note that even if a person does not seek anything to anything, then when changing the environment of communication, it changes noticeably for the better, acquires goals and desires.

During the moral and patriotic education of children of senior preschool age, specialists resort to three main techniques.

It is for interaction that is based on respect and trust. With this communication, even in the collision of interest, it is not conflict, but a discussion of the problem. The second method relates to a soft trust. It is that the teacher, having a certain authority, can influence the child's conclusions and adjust them if necessary. The third method is to form a positive attitude towards contests and competitions. In fact, of course, the relationship to competition is understood. It is very important to form the child the correct understanding of this term. Unfortunately, many it has a negative color and associated with meanness, cunning and dishonest actions towards another person.

Programs of moral education of preschool children involve the development of a harmonious attitude towards themselves surrounding people and nature. It is impossible to develop a morality in man only one of these directions, otherwise it will experience strong internal contradictions, and eventually bends to the specific side.

Sales

Education of moral qualities in preschool children is built on some basic concepts.

In an educational institution, you need to give the child to understand that they love him here. It is very important that the educator can exercise his affection and tenderness, because then children will learn this manifestations in the whole manifold, watching the actions of parents and educators.

It is equally important to reveal unfairness and aggression, but at the same time not to force the child to suppress their real emotions. The secret is also consisting to teach it correctly and adequately express both positive and negative emotions.

The basics of moral education of children of preschool age are being built on the need to create situations of success and teach children to respond to them. It is very important that the kid learned to correctly perceive praise and criticism. At this age, the presence of an adult person who can be imitated. Often, unconscious idols are created in childhood, which in adult life can influence the uncontrolled acts and thoughts of man.

The socio-moral education of preschool children is largely based on not only communication with other people, but also on solving logical problems. Thanks to them, the child learns to understand himself and look at their actions from the side, as well as interpret the actions of other people. A specific goal that stands before educators is to develop the ability to understand their emotions and other people's people.

The social part of the upbringing lies in the fact that all the steps the child passed along with peers. He must see them and his successes, empathize, maintain, feel healthy competition.

The basic means of education of children of preschool age is built on the observations of the educator. He must analyze the behavior of the child during a certain period, note positive and negative trends and reports to parents. It is very important to do it in a correct form.

The problem of spirituality

An important part of moral learning is often lost, namely the spiritual component. They forget about her both parents and educators. But Morality is built on spirituality. The child can be learned what is good and bad, but you can develop such an internal state when it will understand what is right, and what is not.

In kindergartens of religious orientation, very often in children raise a sense of pride in their country. Some parents independently instill with children religious faith. It is impossible to say that scientists support it, but in some cases it is really very helpful. However, in most cases, kids are lost in complex thrust of religious flows. If you teach children to this, then it is necessary to do it very correctly. You should not give any specialized books to the unformed person, as they can easily gather him from the way. Much better with the help of images and fairy tales to tell about this topic.

Civilian

In many children's training institutions, a bias on civilian feelings is made. Moreover, many educators consider such feelings by synonymous with morality. In kindergartens of those countries in which there is a sharp class inequality, caregivers are very often trying to instill unconditional love for their state. At the same time useful in such moral education. It is unreasonable to instill reckless love, it is much better to first teach a child of history and help him to form his own attitude. However, we need to educate respect to power.

Aesthetics

An important part of the education of children is the development of a sense of excellent. It is easy to form it that will not work so, since the child should have some kind of base from the family. It is laid in early childhood when a child watches his parents. If they love to walk, visit theaters, listen to good music, disassembled in art, then the child, without understanding that itself, absorbs it all. Such a baby will be much easier to cause a sense of excellent. It is very important to teach a child to see something good in everything that surrounds it. Let's say straight that not all adults own it.

Thanks to precisely, talented children, who change the world and leave their names in centuries, grow like that.

Environmental component

At the moment, the ecology is very closely intertwined with education, as it is incredibly important to raise a generation that will be humane and reasonable to the benefits of land. Modern people launched this situation, and the issue of ecology worries many. Everyone is well aware of what the ecological catastrophe can turn into, but in the first place they still cost money.

Before modern education and the upbringing of children is a major task of growing in children a sense of responsibility for their land and ecology. To present the integrated moral and patriotic education of preschool children is impossible without this aspect.

A child who spends time among environmentally conscious people will never be a hunter, will never be scattering the garbage on the street, etc. He will learn from the earliest years to take care of his space, and will give it an understanding of his descendants.

Summing up the article, let's say that children are the future of the whole world. It is from what will be the following generations will depend on whether there is a future of our planet. The upbringing of moral feelings in a child of preschool age is a saturated and good goal to which all educators should strive.