What are the employer benefits for single mothers? How to get help. Social benefits for paying utility bills

20.06.2019

There are state and regional programs that support single mothers. But few people know exactly what benefits a single mother can claim in 2019 and what benefits she has the right to use. In the article, we will talk in detail about all the payments that are due to this social category, about the procedure for receiving, as well as about tax, labor and other social benefits.

Who can get the status of a single mother

Who is a single mother (MO)? At first glance, the answer is obvious - this is a woman raising a child on her own (without a husband). In fact, not every single mother has the status single mothers. In modern legislation there is no official concept of a single mother, but it was in the days of the USSR. It was first introduced by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 07/08/1944, and the final version was formed in paragraph 8 of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 659 of 08/12/1970. This term is still used today. at a generally accepted level. Who is legally considered a single mother, and who is not?

The status of a single mother is understood as a woman who has a child whose birth certificate does not contain information about the father, or the father is recorded according to the mother (that is, without establishing paternity, without parental status - p clause 3, article 17 of the Federal Law “On acts of civil status”, clause 3, art. 51 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation). Such a woman is also assigned a social status in the registry office - a certificate is issued in the form No. 25, according to which she has the opportunity to receive special benefits and enjoy various benefits (tax, labor, etc.).

There are main criteria by which single women with children receive the status of "single mother":

Your baby was born out of wedlock and the fact of paternity has not been established by the court. For example, if you live with your spouse in a civil marriage, but at the same time the husband did not recognize himself as the father of the baby, and you did not file a lawsuit with the court, then you can get the status of a single mother;
The baby was born within 300 calendar days after you divorced your husband (automatic paternity). But at the same time, your ex-spouse disputed paternity, about which there is a corresponding court decision;
You have adopted an adoption, while you are not officially married. Even if you live with your husband without a painting, you can get the status of a single mother. This is possible if you independently carried out the adoption, and your unofficial spouse does not appear in the adoption documents.

Quite common are cases when single mothers try to prove their official status, but are refused by state authorities. Therefore, it is worth considering separately the situations when the mother is not recognized as single:

You are divorced, you don’t communicate with your ex-husband, you don’t know about his whereabouts, you don’t receive alimony from him. But in this case, you are not a single mother, since the fact of the paternity of your ex-spouse is documented (recorded in the birth certificate). Here we are talking about the ex-husband's failure to fulfill his parental obligations (evasion from paying alimony, for example);
There is a court decision in which your spouse is recognized as the father of the baby. The court may decide to recognize your civil or former spouse as the father, regardless of whether you live with him or not;
There is no paternity in relation to the baby, but the woman is officially married;
You divorced your husband (or your marriage was declared invalid), and within 300 calendar days after that you gave birth to a baby. In this case, your former spouse will be recognized as the father.

Let's consider the last case in more detail. Regardless of the desire of your ex-spouse, even whether he is the biological father, he will be included in the birth certificate. Nothing changes if you lived in a civil marriage with another person after the divorce. In order for your common-law husband to be recognized as the father of the baby, you need his decision and a corresponding application to the registry office.

Often the factor of marriage is overlooked to determine the status, they say, the child does not have an official father, then the mother will be lonely anyway (in the situation with this child). So, the latter loses its status as MO, although, in fact, it remains the only parent for the child. There are references to this in some regional laws. So in a bz. 8 p. 1.3. Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 973-PP of 06.11.2007 clearly states that a single mother should not be married.

So, the factors for recognizing you as a single mother are the upbringing of the baby out of wedlock and the absence of documentary paternity. Social status is confirmed by a certificate f. No. 25, which is issued by the registry office on the basis of a birth certificate (in the column "Father" there is a dash or the father is recorded from the words of the mother).

Sometimes social status is confirmed by a court decision. When a single mother is infringed on the relevant benefits and rights to state support, this status can be established in court.

Previously, the position of the Ministry of Defense was certified by the personal book of a single mother. Currently, such a document is not issued in social security institutions. But if it is, then it retains its power.

There are cases when in the same family, in relation to different children, the same woman can simultaneously be a MO and at the same time not have such a status, because a single parent is determined in connection with a specific child.

for example, an unmarried citizen Spirina A.A., has three children: a son and two daughters. The daughters were born in a marriage (which is currently dissolved) and paternity is not disputed (the ex-husband pays alimony). And the son was born out of wedlock, without a record of the father in the certificate. So, in relation to the son of Spirin A.A. a single mother, and in relation to daughters, an ordinary mother.

Cash payments: amounts and procedure for registration

Absolutely all mothers (including those who are raising a baby on their own) are entitled to social insurance payments in connection with pregnancy and at the birth of a child, namely:

If during pregnancy for up to 12 weeks you applied to the clinic at the place of residence and registered, then a lump sum payment in the amount of 628.47 rubles is due;
After 30 weeks of pregnancy, the doctor of the antenatal clinic will write you a sick leave, according to which payments are accrued at the place of work. Together with the sick leave there is a birth certificate with a total face value of 11,000 rubles. It can be spent on medical services in a antenatal clinic, a maternity hospital, a children's clinic, as well as on the purchase of medicines;
At birth, you receive a state benefit, which is paid as a one-time payment in the amount of 16,759.09 rubles. In addition, until the child reaches the age of 1.5, a monthly allowance is laid, the minimum amount of which is 3.142.33 rubles. for the first child for subsequent 6.284.65 rubles. It should be noted that only the person who actually takes care of the baby, that is, is on maternity leave, can receive such assistance.

There are also additional payments and benefits for mothers with many children, such as maternity capital, benefits until the baby reaches 3 years old, etc. Maternity capital is due to the mother at the birth of the second, third and subsequent children. Its size is fixed by law and in 2017 is 453.026 rubles. Regional maternity capital for 3 children can be received not only by a single mother, but also by mothers raising children in complete families.

As for the additional payments due to single mothers, their amount and the procedure for receiving them are under the control of the regional authorities. The amount of payments varies depending on the average family income (higher or lower than the subsistence level). Often single mothers are entitled to standard payments (like other mothers), but at an increased rate. The question often arises of how long a single mother can receive benefits. The answer is individual in each case and depends on the number of children in the family, the average per capita income per family member/general family income, the status of the child (disabled/healthy), as well as the social policy of local authorities. In most regions of the Russian Federation, single mothers receive the following types of financial assistance:

additional allowance (one-time) at the birth of a child (this is practiced in the Volgograd region);
bonus monthly social assistance to a single mother (for example, in Voronezh its amount is 514.80 rubles, in Novosibirsk 478.31 rubles);
monthly payments for the care of a baby up to 3 years;
allowance for the 3rd child, which is paid monthly until the child reaches the age of 3;
assistance for a mother raising a disabled child (may be paid until the child reaches the age of 18);
targeted financial assistance (for example, in Bashkortostan, from 15,000 to 100,000 rubles are allocated for vocational training, for personal subsidiary farming, business, etc.);
compensation for parental fees when not attending kindergartens (applied in the Ulyanovsk region);
long-term payments for children of single mothers from 0 to 16/18 years (assigned, for example, in the Leningrad region);
other cases.

In general, the status of the Ministry of Defense implies the receipt of standard benefits, additional payments to benefits (increased amount), separate social assistance (targeted for the Ministry of Defense) in cash and in kind, benefits (social plan), guarantees (in medical, labor relations) and various benefits in various areas of life.

To find out what benefits are available for single mothers in your area, contact your local welfare office.

The amount of benefits in Moscow

In order to understand the procedure for providing financial assistance to single mothers, consider the situation with social benefits in Moscow.

The amount of payments directly depends on the average family income, namely, whether the income exceeds the subsistence level or not. If the family consists of 2 people (mother and baby), then the minimum is 31.065 rubles. per month (mother 17.624 rubles + child 13.441 rubles). If you live in Moscow and your income is below this indicator, then you can count on:

payment to compensate for the increase in the cost of living in Moscow. This assistance is paid monthly until the child is 16 years old (for schoolchildren, students of universities, technical schools and other full-time educational institutions - up to 18 years). The amount of assistance is 750 rubles / month;
allowance in the amount of 2,500 rubles. It is received monthly by mothers of children under the age of 1.5 years, as well as from 3 to 18 years;
assistance in the amount of 4,500 rubles, which is paid on a monthly basis to mothers of children from 1.5 to 3 years old.

If the income is above the subsistence level, then the above assistance will not be received. But at the same time, you have the right to:

compensation payment in the amount of 300 rubles. monthly. Paid until the child reaches the age of 16 (for full-time students - 18 years);
compensation for food price increases (675 rubles per month for children under 3 years old). Mothers receive the same assistance in cases where the former spouse evades the payment of alimony;
assistance in caring for a disabled child of groups 1 and 2 or disabled since childhood (6,000 rubles per month). The mother receives payments until the son/daughter reaches the age of 18 and only if the child does not work, and if the child has been disabled since childhood - up to 23 years.

Also, the authorities of Moscow have appointed an allowance for the second child, which is paid as a one-time payment in the amount of 14,500 rubles. All mothers can count on this assistance, regardless of whether they have the status of a single mother or not.

The amount of social assistance to single mothers in Moscow is considered quite high compared to other regions of the Russian Federation, which in turn is associated with a high level of consumer prices in the capital.

Example #1.
A resident of Moscow Samsonova E.D. independently brings up two children - daughter Samsonova S.V. (schoolgirl, 15 years old) and son Samsonov V.V. (4 years). The average monthly income of Samsonova E.D. - 41.610 rubles. The subsistence minimum for a family is 44,506 rubles. (mother 17.624 + son 13.441 + daughter 13.441). Let's calculate the amount of financial assistance to which the Samsonov family is entitled. Since the income of the Samsonovs is below the subsistence level established in Moscow, the Samsonovs can apply for:

for 2.500 rubles. on the daughter Samsonova S.V. and son Samsonov VV, total 5,000 monthly;
compensation payments, taking into account the difference in consumer prices, 750 rubles each. for a son and daughter, total 1,500 monthly;
one-time assistance for the son of Samsonov V.V. - 14.500.

Thus, the Samsonov family will receive 14,500 once and 6,500 monthly (5,000 + 1,5000).

How to get benefits

For payments, you need to contact the social security authority at the place of residence, having previously collected the necessary documents:

birth certificate of the child (copy);
a certificate from the registry office, which indicates that information about the father was recorded from the words of the mother (if such a fact took place);
certificate from the Criminal Code with information about the composition of the family (confirms that the son/daughter lives with his mother);
form No. 25, confirming the status of a single mother (the document can be obtained at the registry office when issuing a birth certificate).

If the status of a single mother is assigned due to the fact that the ex-husband disputed paternity of a son / daughter born in marriage, then along with the above documents, a copy of the court decision must be submitted to the Social Security Council.

The payment of benefits is assigned from the month when the documents were submitted to the Social Security Council, so it is in your interests to take care of providing the papers as soon as possible. Assistance is transferred until the child reaches a certain age, within which payments are assigned.

Labor guarantees

Labor legislation provides single mothers with social protection during employment, at the workplace, and also in case of dismissal. What are the labor benefits for a single mother?

when applying for a job, there is a privilege compared to other candidates for the position held (although this is more of a moral side of the issue). But in any case, the denial of employment cannot be based on the fact that you are raising a baby alone. The employer is obliged to provide a reasonable reason for not coordinating your candidacy for a vacant position;
if you are officially working, then you have the right to demand from the employer the establishment of a part-time job (if your son / daughter is under 14 years old);
if the crumb is less than 5 years old, then you can refuse overtime work, night shifts, work on weekends and holidays. The authorities do not have the right to force or apply any disciplinary action;
as a single mother, you are entitled to child care allowance if the child is ill. Its amount depends on your seniority and salary, as well as on whether the child is being treated in an inpatient or outpatient setting.

A single mother cannot be fired when there is a reduction in staff (similar to pregnant women), a change in leadership, in the public service - when access to state secrets is terminated.

But the employer can dismiss a woman during the liquidation of the enterprise (for example, in connection with bankruptcy), but at the same time, monetary obligations are imposed on him in connection with the upcoming employment of the dismissed woman.

tax incentives

According to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, a single mother has the right to a reduced tax burden in the form of a deduction when calculating personal income tax. If, as a standard, each parent is granted a deduction in the amount of 1,400 rubles, then a single woman is entitled to a double rate of 2,800 rubles. Compensation is provided for each child under the age of 18. If the son / daughter is a full-time student at a university, technical school, is an intern, a cadet, a graduate student, then the tax refund for the mother is preserved until they reach 24 years of age. Raising a disabled child, the mother receives a deduction of 6,000 rubles.

Compensation is provided to the mother on a monthly basis. To do this, it is necessary to transfer documents confirming the status of a single mother to the place of work: form No. 25 or a certificate from the registry office, if information about the father is indicated from the words of the mother. Based on these documents, the accounting department monthly recalculates personal income tax: the tax is calculated based on the total income minus the deduction.

Example #2.
Sviridova S.D. independently brings up two children - the son of Sviridov G.P. (25 years old, resident) and daughter Sviridova E.P. (21 years old, full-time student at the university). The average monthly income of Sviridova S.D. is 14.820 rubles. Calculate the amount of tax compensation for each child:

despite the fact that the son of Sviridov G.P. is a resident, it is not possible to issue a deduction for him. This is due to the fact that the son is over 24;
on the daughter of Sviridova E.P. you can apply for compensation, since she is under 24 years old and is studying full-time. Compensation for a daughter is provided in the standard amount - 2,800 rubles.

In the general order Sviridova S.D. pays personal income tax from monthly income:

14.820 * 13% = 1.927

After the deduction is made, the tax will be calculated as follows:

(14.820 – 2.800) * 13% = 1.563

Thus, for the Sviridov family, the monthly savings are:

1.927 - 1.563 \u003d 364 rubles.

In addition to providing a deduction, tax legislation exempts single mothers from paying property tax. True, at the municipal level, that is, at the discretion of the legislators of a particular locality (for example, in Norilsk). At the federal level (on a one-to-one basis) there are no benefits.

The situation is similar with land and transport taxes.

Fringe benefits

There are other social benefits for single mothers, the provision of which is guaranteed by municipal legislation (that is, not in all regions and localities):

a set of free children's underwear for the baby;
provision of food in the children's dairy kitchen for children under 2 years old;
free massage for children in the clinic (if this service is paid for everyone);
benefits for admission to kindergartens (children of single mothers enter preschool children's institutions out of turn);
free vouchers to children's health-improving institutions.

Regional authorities may provide additional social support. For example, single mothers in Moscow are entitled to benefits in the form of free two meals a day for schoolchildren. If the baby is studying at an art school, then, according to the Decree of the Committee on Culture, a single mother pays for her studies with a 30% discount.

In order to clearly understand which benefits are due to single mothers and which are not, consider the table.

	Availability of benefits	General grounds
labor benefits	privilege in employment; the right to part-time work (if the son / daughter is under 14 years old); the right to refuse night and overtime work (if the son / daughter is under 5 years old); maintaining a job with a reduction in staff.	possible reduction in the liquidation of the enterprise; if the child is over 7 years old, then the sick leave after the 15th day of illness is not paid in 100% of the amount (payment is made in the general manner according to the length of service)
tax incentives	exemption from payment of property tax; the right to a tax deduction (2,800 rubles for each child).	if the son/daughter is over 24 years old, then the tax deduction is not provided (even if the child is a full-time student)
Social benefits	Regional/municipal benefits: free sets of linen for newborns; free meals (dairy kitchen - for newborns, two meals a day - for schoolchildren); advantage in the waiting list for kindergarten. Regional benefits: discount when paying for tuition at art schools, sports clubs, etc.; full provision in a preschool institution.

To clarify information about benefits and the procedure for applying for them, a single mother must contact the social protection authorities at the place of residence.

How does the loss of MO status affect the receipt of benefits, benefits, etc.

When a mother loses her single status (gets married, adopts a child, etc.), the question often arises about the fate of state aid.

If we are talking about a one-time allowance, then previously received payments are inviolable, they are not subject to return, recalculation, offset, etc.

As for monthly state / regional benefits, the recipient of assistance (MO) must report a change in his life situation as soon as possible (where he applied for the benefit) before the next payment is received. Otherwise, a recalculation is possible, and if this information is deliberately withheld for a long time, the police may become interested in this fact (according to the statement of the payer of state/regional assistance about fraud).

Benefits and allowances in selected regions

In order to fully realize your material rights, it is useful to know what payments a single mother is entitled to in her region of residence.

Below is information about benefits and benefits in individual Subjects of the Federation.

Moscow region

Name		periodization	the size
child benefit	the income of a single mother is not more than the subsistence level	monthly	up to 1.5 years - 4456 rubles. from 1.5 to 3 years - 6476 rubles. from 3 to 7 years - 2228 rubles. from 7 and older - 1114 rubles.
disabled child allowance	a single mother has a disabled child of any group under 18 years of age	monthly	7901 rub.
student family allowance	single mother is a student	monthly	4000 rub.
cash payment for the third and subsequent child	poor single mother	monthly	the subsistence minimum in the Moscow region
providing rest and health improvement for children	a single mother is the only parent in a large family	annually	provided in kind (vouchers, vouchers, etc.)
free drug provision	by prescription	upon issuance of a prescription	up to 3 years of age of the child; for a mother of many children up to 6 years of age
		1 time per month	every child
free travel on city public transport	for a single mother with 3 or more children	daily	child under 7 years of age
free food	for children of a single mother on the advice of a doctor	permanently up to 3 years of age	in kind

St. Petersburg

Name	Special terms of appointment	periodization	the size
	for children of a single mother aged 0 to 1.5 years	monthly	on the first -3552 rubles; for the second and subsequent -4058 rubles.
allowance for the purchase of children's goods and baby food	for children of a single mother aged 1.5 to 7 years	monthly	1318 rub.
allowance for a child from 7 to 16 years old (or until the end of an educational organization of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, but not older than 18 years old)		monthly	1225 rub. for every child
allowance for a disabled child under the age of 18 for the purchase of children's (teenager) goods, baby food, special dairy products	a single mother is a disabled person of I and (or) II groups	monthly	8641 rub.
compensation payment for children studying in educational institutions of primary, basic, secondary general education and secondary vocational education under training programs for skilled workers (employees), but not older than 18 years	single mother with three or more children	monthly	4058 rub.
reimbursement of utilities (heating, water, sewerage, gas, electricity) within the limits of consumption of utilities	mother is a single parent raising a large family	monthly	30% - if 3 children; 40% - from 4 to 7 children; 50% - 8 or more children.
discount on the parental fee for childcare and child care in the state. preschool and other state educational institutions	the average per capita family income is below two times the subsistence level in St. Petersburg	monthly	40% of the parental fee for each child,
compensation payment at the birth of a child (adoption under the age of six months) for the purchase of children's assortment items and baby food		at the same time	RUB 28,257 at the birth of the first child; RUB 37,678 - second child; RUB 47,096 - third and subsequent children
compensation payment for reimbursement of expenses due to an increase in the cost of living	children from a large family who receive a survivor's pension	monthly	3767 rub. for every child
student mother's social benefit	education at the university	monthly	3457 rub.

Krasnodar region

Stavropol region

Name	Special terms of appointment	periodization	the size
allowance for a child under 16		monthly	728 rub.
payment to a mother with many children	having 3 or more children	monthly	365 rub.
allowance for the birth of 3 children and subsequent children		at the same time	7795 rub.
reimbursement for school uniforms	single mother having 3 or more children	annually	1040 rub. for every child
reimbursement of utility bills	single mother has a disabled child	monthly	50% of the cost of a communal apartment

Voronezh region

Altai region

Name	Special terms of appointment	periodization	the size
childbirth allowance		at the same time	50000 rub. - second child 7000 rub. - third and subsequent; 20 000 rub. - at the birth of twins
allowance for children from 1.5 to 3 years		monthly	522 rub.
payment for the birth of a third child	income per family member of a single mother does not exceed the subsistence level established in the Altai Territory	monthly	5490 rub.
student allowance (uniform and accessories)		annually	7500 rub. for a first grader 5000 rub. - student of other classes
	single mother with 3 or more children	upon presentation of a prescription	distribution in kind
compensation for the cost of travel for children on public transport	single mother with 3 or more children	monthly	travel document
compensation for food for children in general education institutions up to 18 years of age	single mother with 3 or more children	monthly

Sverdlovsk region

Name	Special terms of appointment	periodization	the size
child benefit	a single mother has an income no higher than the subsistence minimum in the Sverdlovsk region	monthly	941 rub.
payment for 3 and subsequent children		at the same time	RUB 10,672
reimbursement for school uniforms	single mother with 3 or more children, with an income less than the subsistence level in the Sverdlovsk region	1 time in 2 years	2000 rub. for every student
compensation for the child's travel in public transport	single mother of many children	monthly	433 rub.
free prescription drugs up to 6 years	single mother with 3 or more children	upon presentation of a prescription	distribution in kind
utility bill discount	single mother with 3 or more children	monthly	30% of the cost
free school breakfast or lunch	for children of a single mother with many children		entry into the register, issuance of a certificate
child-rearing allowance	single mother has a disabled child	monthly	1265 rub.

Irkutsk region

Name	Special terms of appointment	periodization	the size
allowance for a child under 16		monthly	624 rub.
school uniform allowance	single mother of many children and poor	1 time in 2 years	1000 rub. for every student
compensation payment to compensate for the increase in the cost of food	for children under 3 years old	monthly	675 rub.
compensation payment for a child of a disabled person of group I or II up to 18 years old (up to 23 years old for a disabled person from childhood)	disabled child	monthly	12 000 rub.
	single mother with 3 or more children	monthly	30% of the cost
additional payment at birth		one-time	5000 rub.
free prescription drugs		on presentation of a prescription up to 3 years of age of the child	distribution in kind

Tambov Region

Name	Special terms of appointment	periodization	the size
additional childbirth allowance	the age of a single mother is not more than 25 years	one-time	3000 rub.
child benefit		monthly	356 rub.
payment for the third child and subsequent child	poor single mother	monthly	RUB 7,025
compensation for childcare fees in kindergartens		monthly	20% of the amount for the first child; 50% - for the second; 70% - on the third.
allowance for 3 children	the average per capita family income is less than the subsistence level	monthly	8436 rub.
reimbursement for utility bills	single mother with 3 or more children	monthly	30% of the cost
free prescription drugs up to 6 years	single mother with 3 or more children	upon presentation of a prescription	distribution in kind
free school breakfast and lunch		on weekdays (during the educational process)	entry into the register, issuance of a certificate
free travel for children on public transport		monthly	travel document
payment for the purchase of school and sports uniforms		1 time in 3 years	at prices approved by municipalities
free admission to museums, exhibitions, parks of culture and recreation		1 time per month	every child

Yaroslavskaya oblast

Name	Special terms of appointment	periodization	the size
Governor's birth allowance		lump sum	4258 rub. - for the first child; 5677 rub. - on the second; 7096 rub. - for the third and subsequent children, 42720 rub. - when two or more children are born at the same time
compensation for not providing kindergarten to a child	for a child aged 3 to 7 years	monthly	4925 rub.
social pension for a disabled child		monthly	RUB 7616.10
regional allowance for a disabled child	the only parent of the child is a disabled person of group I or II	monthly	2000 rub.
payment to a single mother with schoolchildren to prepare for the beginning of the school year	low-income family	annually	1277 rub.
school meal discount		on school days	50%
food allowance for a breastfeeding single mother		monthly up to 6 months	284 rub.

Perm region

Name	Special terms of appointment	periodization	the size
child allowance		monthly	RUB 323.30
extra allowance for a single mother	poor parent	monthly	2822 rub.
benefit for breastfeeding single mother		one-time	1996 rub.
compensation payments within the framework of the project "Mom's Choice" for not attending a kindergarten		monthly	RUB 6091.95 - from 1.5 to 3 years; RUB 5172.41 - from 3 to 5 years.
child allowance	poor single mother	monthly	274 rub. for every child
disability care allowance	a single mother does not work, is not registered for unemployment, does not receive a pension and is not an individual entrepreneur	monthly	5500 rub.
first-grader allowance	poor single mother	one-time	5000 rub.
compensation for each family member for utilities	single mother of 3 or more children	monthly	RUB 246.75
compensation to parents for paying for music, art and sports schools		monthly	50%
provision of school and sports uniforms for schoolchildren	low-income single mother with 3 or more children	annually	2 496 rub. per year for a boy and 2,474 rubles. per year for a girl
free prescription drugs up to 6 years	by prescription for outpatient treatment	upon presentation of a prescription	distribution in kind
free school meals on weekdays	low-income single mother with 3 or more children		entry into the register, issuance of a certificate
free prescription drugs up to 6 years	by prescription for outpatient treatment	upon presentation of a prescription	distribution in kind

More detailed information about the allowance for the child of a single mother of regional importance should be found in any territorial department of the social security of the corresponding region.

Question answer

Question:
A woman raises her son on her own due to the fact that the father is deprived of parental rights. Can a woman get the status of a single mother?

No, since the ex-spouse is actually the father, as there is documentary evidence (birth certificate). The status of a single mother can only be obtained if information about the father is not documented.

Question:
The woman is raising her daughter, who is a disabled person of the 2nd group. At the age of 17, the daughter was officially employed. How much allowance can a mother expect?

Payments in the amount of 6,000 rubles. are transferred to the mother on a monthly basis until the daughter is employed. Assistance stops in the month when the daughter went to work. Social and tax benefits are retained in full, regardless of whether the daughter works or not.

In our time, it is not uncommon for mothers to raise children alone. But according to the norms of labor and family legislation (taking into account the changes that are relevant for 2018), the status of a single mother is not applied in all of these cases. Why is it so? The answer must be sought in the different interpretations of the concept itself: “single mother”. Very often in conversation, any divorced woman who has children is already allegedly considered a single mother. This is not true. It should be understood that one thing is the letter of the law, and another thing is a figure of speech. Sometimes there are even such curiosities - despite a living husband, a married woman calls herself a single mother. An anecdotal situation for any lawyer, but, unfortunately, rather sad for a mother and her children in the first place.

Who is a single mother?

single mother a woman who gave birth to a child out of wedlock is recognized if there is no joint application by the parents of the child to establish paternity, and in line on the birth certificatethere is a dash, or the information is recorded from the words of the mother(reference on form 25). If a woman gave birth to a child in marriage or earlier than 300 days after a divorce, in order to recognize a woman as a single mother, she must have a court decision that her husband (ex-husband) is not the father of the baby.

Another way to recognize a woman as a single mother is to adopt a child without being married.

Very often, the status of a single mother is attributed to women who are in various situations in life, which, according to the law, are not the basis for determining a single mother.

For example:

Types and amounts of benefits for single mothers

A woman who is a single mother is entitled to some very specific benefits and payments. They are supposed to all federal and regional payments without exception for pregnancy and childbirth, which are paid to young mothers.

Benefits for single mothers

Social

Free baby dowry sets for newborns;
Compensation for the difference in the price of food for a child under three years old;
In-kind assistance and benefits if the child is under three years of age;
Free dairy products for children under the age of two;
Exclusion of children under one and a half years old from the number of those living in the apartment when charging fees for cleaning and removal of solid food waste;
Free medicines for children under three years of age.

Labor

When staff is reduced at an enterprise, a single mother with a child under 14 years of age does not have the right to be dismissed - even in the following cases: if she does not correspond to her position, when management changes or when access to state secrets is terminated. True, with repeated serious misconduct or the liquidation of an enterprise, a single mother still has the right to be fired;
When an enterprise is liquidated, a single mother has benefits: she is required to be provided with another job, and the current head of the single mother is responsible for employment;
If a single mother is forced to care for a sick child, she is required to provide benefits. For inpatient treatment, the amount of this allowance for a single mother depends on her length of service. For outpatient treatment, the single mother's allowance is usually paid in full during the first 10 days of sick leave, and then at a rate of 50% of wages, regardless of the mother's work record;
If the child is not yet 7 years old, the sick leave is paid in full. If the child is already older than 7 years, only 15 days of sick leave are paid, if, according to the medical report, the period of treatment does not need to be extended;
The right to additional unpaid leave of at least 14 days, which such a benefit allows single mothers to take at any convenient time;
Single mothers with a child under 5 years of age do not have the right to engage in night work, overtime work or work on weekends and holidays without their consent;
Single mothers with children under 14 have the right to establish part-time work at their own request;
Single mothers have benefits when applying for a job - a potential employer does not have the right to refuse her because she has children. The denial of employment must be accompanied by a detailed description of the reason for the denial.

Other benefits

Children of single mothers can use the massage room free of charge if there is one in the children's clinic;
Children of single mothers attending school are entitled to two free meals a day in the school cafeteria;
Single mothers have benefits when paying for the education of their children under 18 in art schools subordinate to the Ministry of Culture (30% discount on tuition fees);
A single mother has housing benefits if she has 1 or more children and is under 35 years of age. In this case, a single mother participates in the Housing target program for 2015-2020;
Children of single mothers have the right to priority admission to preschool educational institutions, as well as a 50% discount on their maintenance in preschool institutions;
Single mothers have a privilege to receive vouchers for their children to a children's sanatorium at least once a year.

The Russian Federation is a socially oriented state. Taking care of citizens is a priority task of the authorities. An extremely topical topic today is the issuance of benefits to single women with children. What are the benefits for a single mother in Russia? This article will provide a detailed answer to this question.

Single mother: who is this according to the law?

The number of divorces in Russian Federation only grows over time. You can guess and argue for a long time what is the reason for this. This may be an economically unstable position in the state, and, perhaps, an ordinary change of morals. Most broken families have children. As a rule, the court leaves the children with their mother. Today, a single mother is far from a rare occurrence. At the same time, by law, not all divorced women with a child have a similar status. Why is it so?

According to the current legislation, a divorce from a spouse does not automatically make a woman a "single mother". Only those women who gave birth to a single mother in Russia have a similar status - this is a person to whom the following factors can be attributed:

there is no joint application of both parents;
in the same statement in the column on paternity there is a dash;
the woman gave birth to a child earlier than 300 days after the divorce (but in this case, a recognition is required from the woman that her ex-husband is not the father of the baby);
a woman adopts a child without being married.

It is also worth considering that a woman is not capable of possessing, to which the following criteria apply:

her husband was deprived of parental rights;
her husband is dead;
the father of the baby is established, and his data is entered in the documents; at the same time, he himself is not the spouse of the woman who gave birth to the child;
for one reason or another, the mother does not receive alimony from the father of the child.

Thus, far from all single women with a child are able to have the legal status of a "single mother".

Rights of single mothers

Women who have the legal status of "single mothers" have a number of rights that should be outlined below. Russian law states the following:

The state monthly allowance for single mothers must be paid on time and in full, without delays or other problems. A woman should find out about the amount of money received from the department of social protection, located at the place of her registration.
In addition to the full state allowance, a single woman with a child has the right to receive payments of a regional nature. Such subsidies for single mothers should be paid on a regular basis.

A woman with the status in question has the right to arrange a child in some preschool institutions out of turn (but not in all!). Here it is worth noting the benefits for paying for the maintenance of a child in kindergarten.
Allowances, subsidies and various payments remain with the woman even when she marries. The entitlement to the benefits presented will only be lost when the new spouse adopts the child.
If a single mother is officially employed, then she has the right to leave at any time convenient for her.
A single woman with a child may not be required to work overtime without her own consent.
School meals, as well as a set of textbooks for the child of a single mother, will be free.
A single mother is entitled to certain benefits when purchasing certain medicines for her child; the child has the right to a free visit to the massage room at the local clinic.

These are far from all the rights that an unmarried woman with a child legally has. What should single mothers besides all of the above? This will be discussed further.

About the work schedule of a single mother

Regardless of where exactly an unmarried woman with a child works, the management of enterprises must adhere to the requirements of the Labor Code. What exactly does this document say about single mothers? If we are talking about the work schedule, then the following points should be highlighted:

An unmarried woman with a child under 5 years of age is able to work at night (from 22 to 6 in the morning) only if she agrees to it herself, and if she has no health contraindications. The employer does not have the right to force a single mother to work night shifts (only if the work itself does not involve night service - for example, the profession of a night watchman).
If a woman has a child under the age of three years, then engaging her in business trips and overtime work is possible only with written consent.
A single mother with a child under 14 or a disabled child under 18 is able to apply for a part-time job.
A woman with a disabled child can claim four additional days off per month.
A woman raising a child under 14 can be provided with a two-week unpaid leave at any convenient time under a collective agreement.

The salary of a single mother (if we are not talking about benefits) cannot be increased just like that. A woman cannot legally qualify for a special salary or higher hourly pay just because she has a child.

Separately, it is worth talking about the dismissal procedure. A woman who is raising a child under 14, or a disabled child under 18, cannot be laid off. Exceptions can only be made in the following cases:

the organization is completely liquidated;
a woman periodically does not perform, or performs poorly her labor duties;
the woman committed a major immoral act;
the employee violated her duties (came intoxicated, committed theft, violated labor protection, divulged professional secrets, etc.);
the woman got a job on fictitious documents.

In case of illegal dismissal, a woman can be reinstated in her workplace or request compensation through the court.

Tax deduction

What is a tax deduction? Experts give the following wording - this is the established amount of income of workers, from which personal income tax is not levied. The tax deduction increases the amount of wages paid out.

Tax deductions are due to certain categories of citizens, including single mothers. The deduction is always standard and independent of the person's wealth. So, as of 2017, the following figures should be highlighted here:

2,800 rubles for the first two children;
6 thousand rubles for the third and any next child;
24 thousand rubles for a child with a disability.

At the same time, personal income tax will begin to be levied in the event that a particular citizen receives more than 350 thousand per year (about 30 thousand per month). This rule also affects such a person's status as "single mother". The second child here, unfortunately, will not play any role. Depending on how much a single mother earns, the state of the tax deduction will depend.

Separately, it is worth talking about exactly how you can get it. All documents must be submitted at the place of work. An application is written, which will be provided by the employer; the following documents are attached to it:

a certificate from the housing office about accommodation;
a document from the registry office on the absence of a father;
mother's passport;
if necessary - a certificate of the child's disability or a certificate from an educational institution.

All deductions will be provided by the employer.

About sick leave

What should single mothers do when they receive sick leave? Oddly enough, nothing special. It should be noted right away that there are no special benefits for receiving a sick leave for single mothers. In this case, everything is exactly the same as in the case of married women; talk about any priorities and "lack of queues" will be nothing more than rumors. Nevertheless, it is still worth paying attention to this topic.

The Federal Law "On Compulsory Social Insurance", namely its sixth article, establishes the following rules for obtaining sick leave:

if the child is under 7 years old, then the entire treatment period should be no more than 60 days per year (for one specific child). If the disease is especially serious, then the sick leave period can be up to 90 days.
If the child is from 7 to 15 years old, then the sick leave period for the mother cannot be more than 15 days a year.
If the child is between 15 and 18 years old, the mother can take sick leave for a period not exceeding 3 days (may last up to one week).

Are single mothers entitled to hospital subsidies? The law mentions payments for outpatient treatment. So, single mothers in this case can be:

100% of earnings with more than eight years of work experience;
80% of the average salary with five to eight years of experience;
60% of average earnings with less than five years of experience.

Thus, the question of what is due to single mothers when taking sick leave can be considered closed. The answer here is simple: practically nothing; the same rules apply here as for other persons.

Admission to kindergarten: what are the benefits for a single mother?

As you know, the activities of kindergartens in the Russian Federation are regulated at the municipal level. This means only one thing: the conditions and features of admitting children to such institutions can vary greatly depending on the region.

What are the benefits for a single mother when registering her child in a kindergarten? Until 2008, there was a legal recommendation in the country to accept children of single mothers without waiting in line. This provision was later removed. For some reason, some citizens, even ten years later, are sure that uniform benefits still exist here. This, of course, is not true. As of 2017, unfortunately, there are no concessions for single mothers in this area. Of course, some kindergartens can still accept groups of people without a queue. This is done, as a rule, for the purpose of self-advertising or increasing the rating.

In which cities do kindergartens take children from incomplete families out of turn? Of course, the data may change; but for 2017 it is Moscow (according to order No. 1310), Yekaterinburg, Angarsk, the Irkutsk region and some other regions.

What conclusion can be drawn here? Kindergartens today do not operate according to uniform rules. Even a "low-income single mother with a disability" will not be able to claim any benefits if they are not established in the region. Single mothers are also not entitled to compensation for kindergarten - all this has long been a thing of the past. There can be only one way out: to find out if admission benefits are available in a particular area, in a particular kindergarten.

Getting a home as a single mother

Are single mothers entitled to cheap or even free housing? Unfortunately, it is not possible to give a definite answer here. It’s worth starting with the most important thing: there are no special benefits and rules for obtaining housing for single mothers in Russia. There is an opportunity to stand in line for an apartment, to participate in state subsidy programs - but no more. The entire procedure for obtaining housing will take place in the same way as with ordinary, complete families.

At the moment, the country has a "Young Family" program, according to which from 2015 to 2020 the state will pay citizens with children about 35% of the total cost of purchased housing. Program details, as usual, will depend on the region.

What is due to single mothers under the presented program? Everything is the same as for ordinary families. To obtain housing under the terms of the "Young Family" you must:

have Russian citizenship;
prove the absence of other housing;
contact the district administration at the place of residence;
stand in the general housing queue.

If a family needs to improve their living conditions, the state will take into account the following factors:

the area of this residential premises is below regional standards;
living in a dwelling does not meet sanitary and hygienic standards;
the family lives in a communal apartment;
there is a sick person in the family, living next to whom can be dangerous to health.

A woman's income should also be taken into account separately. So, depending on how much a single mother receives, the state program will be calculated.

Additional payments

Moscow Government Decree No. 816-PP provides for the regular payment of allowances to single mothers from the city budget. So, a single woman with a child is entitled to receive the following subsidies:

300 rubles per month for children under 16;
675 rubles per month is due to mothers, as well as parents whose former spouses do not pay alimony for children under three years old;
6 thousand rubles each month is due to a single mother or father whose child is under 18 and is a disabled person of 1 or 2 groups. If such a child is employed, the payments stop.

Separately, it is worth talking about payments to women whose income is below the subsistence level. The law reads as follows:

the amount of the allowance for a single mother with a child under 16 years of age should be 750 rubles per month;
2,500 rubles is due to single mothers whose children have not reached the age of 1.5 years, or whose age is from 3 to 18 years;
4,500 rubles is paid to single mothers whose children are between 1.5 and 3 years old.

In order for each of the payments presented to be received on time and in full, every three months you will have to submit a certificate of income to the social security authorities. The optimal period for submitting such an application will be one in which maternity payments do not fall into the total income.

Required Documentation

How can a single mother confirm her status? What documents must be collected for this? It is immediately worth noting that different types of documentation will be needed for various kinds of situations. It all depends on what kind of subsidies and benefits a single woman with a child wants to receive.

The first and most important thing a single mother should have is a child's birth certificate with a dash in the column about the father. Only with the help of this document will a woman be able to confirm her status as a single mother. If the certificate still contains information about the biological father, but according to the mother, then you will have to obtain a special form No. 25. As a rule, they apply for it at the registry office. It will also need to be filled in. Having received a certificate of assignment of the status of "single mother", the woman takes it to the district department of urban social protection.

What documents must a mother collect to receive a monthly child benefit? The law in this case regulates the following types of documentation:

mother's passport;
application for the status of "single mother";
birth certificate of the child;
a stamp in the mother's passport confirming the child's citizenship;
a certificate from the housing office on the composition of the family (it is necessary to confirm that the mother really lives with the child);
if necessary - form No. 25 from the registry office;
mother's income statement (paper from the employment service, or an ordinary work book).

Naturally, each of the submitted documents must be photocopied and attached to the main package.

Outcome

It is worth summing up all of the above, briefly illustrating all the main types of benefits for single mothers. If we are talking about social benefits, then it is worth mentioning:

dowry sets for a newborn child;
compensation for the price of children's food products (if the child is under three years old);
benefits in kind for a child under three years of age;
the opportunity not to pay the housing office for garbage collection and cleaning if the mother has a child under one and a half years old;
free medicines for a child under three years of age.

If we are talking about labor benefits, then it is worth highlighting:

the inability to fire a single mother during layoffs;
benefits for a single mother in case of liquidation of an organization;
full payment of sick leave if the employee's child is under seven years old;
the right to small additional holidays;
the right to establish part-time work (if the child is under 14 years old);
the inability to refuse a single mother when applying for a job (otherwise, the reason for the refusal must be described in detail and proven).

Of course, there are other benefits as well. However, they all depend on the region and type of enterprise (educational, preschool, cultural, etc.).

A single mother has more support from the state at the federal level, in contrast to complete families, where both parents are present, who have legalized their relationship. The privileges include additional rights under the State Code of the Russian Federation, increased child allowance, and various benefits. Every girl raising a child alone needs to get acquainted with what benefits a single mother is entitled to.

About status

It should be determined who is considered by law to be a single mother. A single mother in the Russian state is considered to be a woman who has a baby, in the birth certificate of which, in the paragraph "father" there is no information. Society considers a woman as a single mother if she is not in a civil marriage or has legalized relations with a man, the father of her children.

Often you can find a situation where the parents of the baby live without a list in the registry office and at the same time the father is not the legal representative of the child according to the documents. Despite this, the mother has benefits from the state and privileges under the law, if the court has not made a decision to legitimize paternity. This situation speaks of the moral side of the issue, so many times in the State Duma a discussion was raised to modify the status of a single mother. Today, by law, benefits for single mothers are provided if:

the mother is raising the child alone;
the registry office did not submit a statement from both parents about paternity;
there is no decision of the judicial authority on the recognition of paternity;
there is a court decision on disputed paternity (when a woman gives birth to a child within 300 days after the dissolution of the marriage or while being married);
the woman is not in a registered relationship and decides to adopt a foster child.

In order for a girl to be given the status of a single mother, she must not be legally married, do not indicate paternity in the child’s documents at birth, and do not have a court decision recognizing paternity.

In addition to the moral aspects of the issue, a woman will have to collect the necessary documents in order to obtain the rights of a single mother. The registry office must issue a special certificate, it confirms the status of a woman. In the column "father" in the baby's documents at birth, it is customary in this situation to put a dash if the woman did not provide the necessary information that certifies the identity of the second parent.

life situations

Sometimes the letter of the law can be interpreted ambiguously in various domestic and social situations. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the most common problems that women face in determining the status of a single mother.

Life situations in which the status of "single mother" is assigned:

the girl gives birth to a baby and is not married, the marriage was not concluded in the registry office, paternity has not been established and there is no information about the father in the child’s documents at birth;
the marriage is declared invalid, or the husband dies, paternity is disputed in court;
when a woman gives birth within 300 days from a divorce and proves in court the invalidity of the status of "father";
if a single mother has a birth certificate of a baby in her hands and information about the real father is not indicated in it, or she marries, but the new husband does not adopt children;
when an unmarried woman adopts a child.

Life situations in which status is not assigned:

when a child was born in a family where the parents did not legalize the relationship, but at the same time, an application was received from the parents to the registry office to establish paternity;
if a single girl adopts a child, gets married and her husband acknowledges paternity;
if the child was born in a family where both parents officially registered the relationship.

Privileges

Benefits for single mothers apply only to working women, as provided by federal law. They, on an equal footing with complete families, can stand in line for housing, count on a sick leave for the health of the child, and at the same time do not have special privileges.

The labor code provides for the protection of mothers before the employer.

The work schedule of a single mother provides for some restrictions on the part of the employer. A woman has the right not to go to the night shift, if this has not been agreed with her personally and without signing the relevant papers. This right applies only to mothers who have a dependent child under 5 years of age. Employers are prohibited from involving a woman who is raising a baby under the age of 3 to business trips or overtime work. Unless the woman herself has given written consent to the additional work.
If the organization has a collective agreement, it is necessary to read it carefully. Many contracts contain a clause stating that a woman has the right to receive additional leave (unpaid) up to 2 weeks at a time convenient for her if she is raising a child who has not reached the age of 14.
A mother raising children alone, regardless of their number, has the right to demand a part-time schedule, that is, to work part-time. This paragraph of the rules may be valid indefinitely or have a certain period and applies only to mothers who are raising a disabled person.
If a woman alone is raising children under the age of 14, or a child with a disability, she cannot be fired by employers. This is prohibited by the TKRF. However, there are several deviations in which dismissal can threaten any person:

if the organization is going into liquidation;
if a woman systematically does not fulfill the labor duties prescribed in the employment contract;
if there is absenteeism, disclosure of secrets, appearance at the workplace in a state of intoxication, violation of safety and security rules that led to an accident and theft (embezzlement);
if a woman has committed an immoral act that contradicts her professional duties;
if at the conclusion of the employment contract the employer was presented with falsified documents.

Regarding housing benefits and benefits when a child is placed in a kindergarten, the state has not singled out single mothers for a long time. They also stand in line for housing and government offices, as well as those who are married. But it is worth noting that any single mother has the right to get an apartment under the Young Family program. To do this, you need to provide the bank with a certificate of income (each organization has its own requirements), contact the local government, which will be able to hand over a document that the family needs to improve their living conditions. And it is also necessary that the mother did not own housing.

Cash payments

A single mother has the right to receive benefits and certain privileges from state support. Every year, changes in the order of payments or their amounts may be made, so it is worth following the innovations. To date, a single mother has the following benefits and benefits.

Every month, payments are due, like other mothers, for caring for a baby until they reach 3 years of age. For single mothers, regional authorities, as a rule, set an increased amount of benefits.
Special payment if a single woman is raising a disabled child.
Benefits for single mothers also involve the payment of the following funds, starting from the period of waiting for the baby:

BIR allowance (pregnancy and childbirth), which assumes 100% payment of the average income of an employed woman;
a one-time payment, averaging 600 rubles, if a woman is registered with a consultation before 12 weeks of pregnancy;
at the birth of a baby, a woman is provided with an allowance of at least 16,000 rubles;
child allowance is paid once a month, which is 40% of income;
when a woman has been on maternity leave for more than 1.5 years, she is paid compensation in the amount of 50 rubles per baby;
low-income families are offered an additional allowance, it varies depending on the region.

Benefits for mothers who are raising two children alone include 2 types of benefits. There is also a monthly allowance in the amount of 40% of average earnings and for the birth of a second baby - maternity capital, about 450,000 rubles.

All of the above payments apply only to women who are employed. For non-working single mothers, other benefits are expected.

An unemployed single mother has only an allowance paid once after childbirth and every month for care for up to a year and a half. If there is a second child in the family, it is possible to receive maternity capital, since the certificate is issued regardless of whether the mother has official income. If the family is considered poor, local authorities set their own limit on cash payments.

Unlike women who have a permanent official income, an unemployed single mother can count on a child care allowance, which is paid monthly and up to a year and a half for the first baby in the amount of 3065.69 rubles. For the second child, a payment of 6131.37 rubles is intended. This amount will be calculated for subsequent children.

If a single mother is on the labor exchange and receives unemployment benefits, then she will have to make a choice in favor of one benefit, either to care for the baby, or transfer funds from the labor exchange.

Every woman who has the status of a single mother is obliged to know her rights, supposed benefits and benefits. This is especially true of the labor code, because many directors and bosses do not meet single mothers and violate the TKRF.