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Vertical and spiral waving Ladoga. Curling on papillots. Types and cost

For women, everything is simple - cut long hair, short hair extensions, straighten curls, make straight hair curly. And men should not try to find logic, they are required to nod and admire any image of the second half.

Hair chemistry will allow you to enjoy luxurious curls for a long time.

Today we are talking about the transformation of women's hair with the help of "chemistry" - an option for obtaining romantic curls that are not amenable to ordinary curling. Chemistry for long hair will give a chic effect to their owner.

Types of perms

The crux of the matter is the application to your own hair of a special composition that prolongs styling for certain period. Depending on the type of strands and desired result, different types of perm. For example:

Light temporary chemistry - carving

It differs from other options in the use of gentle compositions. If the owner of the hair has doubts about the certainty of the relative future state of the strands after the procedure, then for the test it is recommended to make just such an option.

Its advantages:

  1. Suitable for ladies with thin or weakened hair. More active ingredients other types of perms will adversely respond to liquid hair. With carving, the strands will become more voluminous, their appearance will improve.
  2. Curling options range from "small imp" to noble curls. Women with long braids should definitely try each of them - it's luxurious and romantic. Looks just as good light chemistry for medium hair.
  3. The curling procedure is safe not only in terms of composition and components, but also in terms of validity. for 4-8 weeks of existence. After that, the growing hair is either permed again, or waiting for a haircut.
  4. After carving, the strands do not fluff when the composition is gradually washed out of their structure. This is a significant difference between the procedure and other types of perms with heavier chemistry, which favorably serves the method for most fashionistas.

In any case, the use of chemistry for styling is always stressful. Even if light chemicals are used on medium or long hair.

After removing and washing out the composition, it is recommended that the hair rest for 1 month and only then carry out the procedure again.

Spiral, vertical and fine chemistry

The essence of the method lies in the formation of curls on special curlers - vertical bobbins. B, framing the face. Not even too much thick hair gains volume.

The option is especially popular among young women with long braids. However, before the procedure, the following facts should be taken into account:

  • Not every type of face is suitable for vertical curls. Before you finally decide on the transformation, you need to "try on" the perm. It is not difficult to do this without a fixing composition.
  • As a variant of vertical curling - spiral chemistry. Making it is somewhat more difficult and the procedure is expensive, if the length is impressive. Suitable for any type of face.
  • It is important to choose the volume of curls in advance - from large to African. A short haircut with the last option will make the owner "Boniface's grandmother" and the key word here is grandmother. For example, like this:

The right composition for vertical chemistry will make the impossible. The sight of a long-haired diva conquering men is guaranteed.

What does wet chemistry look like?

A contradictory result, I must say. For fixing, a foam is used, giving the hairstyle a wet look. This type of hair is not for everyone.

For example, for ladies with oily hair, it is better not to use the wet chemistry option. Otherwise, slovenliness will be emphasized. stately and overweight women it is better to avoid this kind, otherwise general combination will become ridiculous.

Gorgeous wet chemistry on blondes with a fragile constitution and thin hair. By the way, wet chemistry is another gentle procedure that does not have a destructive effect on the structure of the hair.

Major chemistry for long hair

Actually laying technology is similar to any other. A feature will be the use of large diameter curlers - the wider, the more voluminous. suitable for owners of long hair, significantly below the shoulder line.

Otherwise, the effect will be lost. Don't count on good result owners of thin and sparse hair - curls will not be noticeable, and the condition of the strands will noticeably worsen. The ideal option would be a cascading haircut + perm on large curlers.

WATCH THE VIDEO INSTRUCTIONS

Compositions for creating chemistry on the hair

Depending on the aggressiveness of chemical components, the period for maintaining curls in original form immediately after the hairdresser varies from several weeks to six months.

Unfortunately, the relationship is directly proportional: the harder the recipe, the longer the curl lasts. But health is more important, so let's look at the options:

  1. Acids. Used as part of a curling product and are popular due to high term actions - up to six months. Thin or liquid hair is contraindicated.
  2. alkalis. Somewhat weaker in action - curls will last up to 4.5 months. Suitable for any type of hair.
  3. neutral components. An even shorter period of "curly", however, and a careful attitude.
  4. . In this case, the curls stay on for a long time + the hair remains healthy and well-groomed. The composition is made on the basis of biological components without the use of ammonia.
  5. Amino acids. This is light chemistry - carving, wet. In addition to a good appearance, the strands receive nutrition and treatment. Harm from additional binding components is minimized.

It is important to listen to the master. He will assess the condition of the hair and give the go-ahead for the procedure. In some cases, the use of any formulations is prohibited.

For example, this is due to problems with the hair and scalp - weakened strands or wounded integuments will become even more deplorable after chemistry.

Salon waving and home technology

For a long time, perm hair has undergone changes in better side. Previously, “atomic” compounds were used for it, which do not guarantee results, but with a high degree of probability worsen the condition of the hair.

To achieve the effect, they used hot special caps that helped to better reveal the structure of the hair, which, of course, did not benefit them. It is worth watching a modern story to compare procedures.

It is not more difficult to carry out the procedure if the role of the hairdresser takes over best friend. Large curls or small ones are obtained in the same way. Algorithm:

  1. Comb your hair thoroughly. Since last wash At least a day must pass before sebum was in sufficient quantity.
  2. The entire mass of hair is divided into parts-squares. The width of one side is equal to the length of the bobbin.

Then the hair is twisted with a half-eight, starting from the end of the strand, winding it around a stick. If it is decided to do root chemistry, the work is carried out to the end.

  1. It remains to apply a chemical solution and leave the hair under it for 20-25 minutes, wrapping your head in a towel. Quick dry hair dryer or other apparatus is not allowed - there is a risk of ruining the hair and injuring the scalp.
  2. The bobbins are unwound, the head is washed abundantly and the composition is applied. It could be foam. After it falls off, the hair is washed again. A perm for medium hair or long hair is ready.

Now, weekly care is to restore the hair. To do this, perhaps with the help of burdock oil, rubbing it every time before washing your hair.

Growth masks containing tinctures of peppers or mustard are excluded. This will cause the already increased dryness of the strands.

The cost of hairdressing services - how much does chemistry cost

The work of a professional is expensive. This is another reason to try to master the procedure at home. The cost depends on the weight and length of the hair. So:

  • strands start from 3 thousand rubles.
  • Chemistry for medium hair - from 4 thousand rubles.
  • Long ones will cost up to 5 thousand rubles.
  • Owners of luxurious "manes" with a length of more than 1 m - up to 6 thousand rubles.

In addition, hairdressing salons offer gentle chemistry for hair - bio and keratin. Their price is somewhat more democratic.

The cost of perm hair depends on their length.

So, in order to appear in a romantic way, it is worth taking risks - health, own funds and willingness to take on a new look.

It's not easy, but change leads to a new life - that's the law!

Owners of straight strands often complain that it is very difficult to make a hairstyle out of them. After all, even with an abundance of varnish, curls curled on regular curlers or curling iron, straighten too quickly. Of course, perming hair into large curls helps to cope with the problem, but this method has its own pitfalls. Today we will tell about the types of such styling, as well as its pros and cons. So let's go.




How is permed hair done Large curls?

Before deciding on a cardinal transformation, you should know the principle of the perm. The impact on the hair structure during this procedure occurs twice. Initially, under the influence of special reagents, the scales lose their elasticity and open up. Then they close again, and, since the curls are curled on curlers, thanks to chemicals that have fixing properties, they retain their shape.




The time of exposure to the strands depends on the following factors:

  • type of chemicals;
  • desired elasticity of curls;
  • hair structure, thickness and condition.

Before starting the procedure, the master conducts a small test for individual tolerance to chemicals. A drop of such a substance is applied to the wrist and wait about 15 minutes. If no reaction has occurred, proceed directly to the curling process:

  • hair is divided into small strands, each of which is alternately processed with the selected composition and twisted into bobbins;
  • after a certain time, the head is washed without removing the bobbin;
  • a fixative is applied to them;
  • wait a few minutes;
  • the fixative is washed off with warm water.

Advice!Karl Nessler, a German hairdresser, owns not only the idea of ​​a permanent, that is, a perm, but also false eyelashes and eyebrows. He demonstrated his apparatus, capable of turning straight locks into tight curls for a long time, in front of the public back in 1908.


Types of perms

Depending on the composition used, such a perm is divided into:

  • acid: the longest in time, but also the most aggressive, it dries the strands too much; more suitable for coarse and thick hair;

  • alkaline: the most common; curls are quite tight, the effect on thin and light hair lasts up to 3 months, hard strands straighten out after a month;

  • neutral: applies even to the weakened and damaged strands; keeps well even on thick hair up to 3-4 months;
  • silk: the proteins contained in the solution gently affect the structure, the curls straighten out after a couple of months;
  • biowave: amino acid preparations used in this method are as similar as possible to the structure of the hair; curls are not too tight and straighten only after 1-3 months;

  • Japanese based on a lipid-protein complex; has a healing effect, it can be performed simultaneously with highlighting or staining, lasts up to 5 months.


Advice! The final result depends not only on the composition used, but also on the general condition of the body. The shape and appearance of curls can be influenced not only hormonal changes, but also, for example, severe nervous stress.

Curl shape

If the durability of styling directly depends on the chemical composition of the preparations used, then the shape and size of the curls is determined by the type of bobbins - a special type of curlers on which hair is wound during curling. When choosing their type, an experienced master always focuses on the structure of the strands, the type of hairstyle and the type of face:

  • pigtail curl: used only on curls of medium length or very long; they are first braided into tight pigtails, and only then they are wound on special bobbins;

  • for studs: metal devices in the form of a bent thin rod;
  • with curl: to get curls different sizes several types of bobbins are used;
  • vertical: gives the effect of wet hair; do only on long curls, which are very tough;

  • children's: do not worry, children's hair is not subjected to perm, this name is only due to the fact that this method is the most gentle; to protect the roots from exposure to reagents, a rubber cap is put on the head;
  • twins: the work uses two types of curlers, horizontal and vertical;
  • basal: only the roots and the area adjacent to them are processed; the method is used to curl regrown roots or create volume only in this area;

  • american: tight curls are obtained using spiral curlers;
    bubble: strands are processed by a special apparatus with a compressor that whips chemical reagent to oxygenated bubbles.

Bobbin size

Depending on the size, such curlers are divided into:

  • small;
  • large;
  • especially large.

Perm hair (see photo) on large curls has an undeniable advantage, as it looks as natural as possible. Medium-sized or even very small bobbins are best used on thick and dense strands - after all, large ones quickly straighten on them. Small vertical curls are most often used to create the effect of wet hair.




  • horizontal;
  • vertical (spiral bobbins are used);
  • round;
  • double.

Advice! To reduce negative impact on strands of chemicals, proteins and amino acids are introduced into them. However, their excess leads to a decrease in the durability of the curl.

Pros and cons of curling

Of course, "chemistry" has a lot of advantages:

  • hair after it becomes more obedient and easily fit into any hairstyle;
  • she looks much more voluminous, and her hair is more magnificent;
  • the use of modern compounds causes them minimal harm, therefore, with proper care, the strands look well-groomed.



Unfortunately, she has no less shortcomings:

  • after this procedure, the hair dries out, so they require careful care; moreover, any, even the most sparing perm, negatively affects the structure of the strands; if an inexperienced master incorrectly determines the concentration of the solution or overexposes the composition on the hair, they will turn into lifeless tows;
  • suffers after a perm and the scalp, at first, dandruff may even appear;
  • hairstyle without styling does not look very presentable;
  • getting rid of annoying curls will not be so easy;
  • after processing the strands with chemical compounds, the curls do not exude too much for the first time pleasant aroma; it fades only after 1-2 weeks.



Curling for long strands

A perm for large curls on long hair looks most impressive: at the roots, the curls straighten out a little under the weight of the weight, and twist into tight rings at the tips. Their number can be adjusted by selecting the chemical composition of the drug and the type of bobbins. If desired, the strands can be given additional splendor with the help of a cascading haircut or a small graduation.




Despite the fact that perm is not considered a complicated procedure, it is still better to contact an experienced master. Indeed, in the presence of creases and noticeable transitions, the hairstyle will look sloppy.


Advice! Thick and heavy hair amenable to processing much worse. When curling them, it is desirable to use the strongest acidic solutions.

Curling for medium hair

Ladder haircuts, bob or bob haircuts are perfectly combined with mischievous curls. Depending on the thickness of the hair and the desired result, you can choose both traditional acid or alkaline perms, as well as more gentle biochemistry.




Large or small bobbins, hairpins or spirals are used in the work. After perm hair middle length on large curls, the hair is less tangled and easy to style. To create small curls on the bangs, a solution of a lower concentration is used.




Advice!Biowave is an ideal option for hair prone to oiliness, as it is able to regulate the work sebaceous glands. But dry hair should not be exposed to even gentle compositions - after all, such reagents make them even more porous, and they begin to get very confused.



Curl for short hair

Just as when creating hairstyles for long or medium strands, when curling for short hair, the shape and volume of the waves are selected depending on the type of haircut and the thickness of the strands. It is better to arrange a bob or square with not too tight curls of small diameter or curls in the form of a spiral.




For round, rectangular or square face strands sticking out to the side will make it even wider, so it is better to prefer a perm for short hair with the most big curls on vertical bobbins. Use and options in which their size is combined. With oval classical form face size and shape of the bobbins can be any.


Advice! It is not recommended to do a perm during menstruation - after all, it will not hold. Moreover, due to hormonal adjustment occurring these days in the body, the reaction will be unpredictable.

Curling at home

If you decide to master this procedure yourself, try to use the most gentle preparations. After all, if you pick up a too concentrated acidic or alkaline composition that is absolutely not suitable for your type of strands, then you will simply burn them. So, we will describe the process of perm in stages:

  • since any reagents are quite aggressive, so as not to injure the hair once again, they should not be dyed for at least 20 days; it is also desirable to treat the strands in advance;
  • drugs are applied only to dirty hair - they should not be washed for 2-3 days;
    there should not be even the smallest wounds and injuries on the head;
  • for hair of medium density, you will need 60-80 curlers;



  • you can see the strands at the back of the head if you set two large mirrors one opposite the other;
  • divide your hair with partings into separate strands; those that are not yet involved in the work, fasten with clamps;
  • reagent is applied with a small brush or foam sponge as quickly as possible;
  • to make curls look natural, Special attention give it to the tips - they should be smeared as much as possible and twisted very tightly, closer to the roots you need to wind them on bobbins a little weaker;
  • after the time specified in the instructions, the head is washed without removing the bobbins;
    then a fixative is applied to them;
  • after a few minutes (this time is also indicated by the manufacturer), the head is finally washed and dried without using a hair dryer;
  • to neutralize the effect of drugs, it is better to rinse it with water with the addition of a couple of spoons lemon juice or weak vinegar.



Advice!To keep the curls longer, you should not wash your hair for the first two days. You should not rub them hard and twist them when drying, as well as make tight braids and tails.

Learn more about the most gentle method of biochemical perm and see firsthand how it is carried out this procedure you can watch the video:

The perm was invented by hairdresser Karl Nessler in November 1906. His first client was his wife. For hair health, permanent waving, of course, is not the best. useful way, but beauty, as they say, requires sacrifice, and the number of girls turning to the beauty salon to get the desired curls is growing.

Ways to perm hair

Hair curling can be divided according to the types of chemical composition that the hair is treated with. Our mothers and grandmothers curled their hair with acid and alkali permanent waving. These methods are still relevant, in addition, acid and alkaline perms stay on the hair for as long as possible - from six months or more.

Acid perm hair

The curling agent penetrates the hair without revealing its outer scales. Thus, a very tight curl is obtained. However, if you have thin and soft hair, this type of curl is contraindicated for you - the curls will quickly lose their shape and stretch out at the roots. For owners of sensitive scalp and dry brittle hair, this type of chemistry is also not suitable, it will completely finish the hair, and you will have to cut your hair very short and treat your hair with masks.

Acid perm using thioglycolic acid is very fragile, lush curls lose their volume in a little over a month. However, this is the most gentle method for hair. This perm is recommended even for recently dyed hair.

Alkaline hair perm

less persistent, lasts up to 3 months. Curls are elastic and look natural. Unlike acid perms, here the drugs penetrate the hair, opening its outer scales. This procedure is gentler on the hair, but still not suitable for many types of hair. If your hair is straight, coarse and heavy, then it will become even less resistant and will last about a month. Alkaline curls are cheaper than acid ones.

Neutral hair curl

has long been known for its emollient properties and is suitable for all hair types. The chemical composition of the drug includes allantoin, the curls are strong and elastic, the curl itself is relatively resistant, it will last from three months to six months, depending on your hair type.

Amino acid hair curler

contains amino acids and proteins. They nourish and treat the hair, which helps to minimize the negative effects of chemicals on the hair. Curls are soft and look natural. Unfortunately, curls are short-lived. This method is not suitable for coarse, heavy and long hair, because. curls will develop very quickly under the weight of their weight

Hair curling "Silk wave"

The composition of the drug includes silk proteins that care for the hair and do not spoil the hair structure. Even bleached hair after such "chemistry" they look healthier.

Hair biowave

The composition of the biowave does not include ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and thioglycolic acid, they are replaced with a drug similar to hair molecules that connect the sulfur bridges of the hair. Curling based on such preparations gives the hair not only persistent curls, but also gives an absolutely natural and healthy look. There are several biowave technologies, for example, "Angel Curls" or Italian technology using bamboo extract.

Japanese hair curl

with lipid-protein complex LC2 is recommended for weakened hair. It is more resistant than silk, and the biphasic lipid-protein complex regulates the hair's moisture, maintaining shine and elasticity. The cost is about the same as for the "silk wave".

American hair curl

ideal for medium length hair. The difference between the American perm and other types is that it uses special complex designs from Olivia Garden curlers.

root chemistry

The perfect solution for short hair and shoulder-length hair that lacks volume. Root chemistry is also done in the case when permanently curled hair has grown noticeably. Radical chemistry on straight hair will allow you to lift the hair, for example, at the back of the head. The effect of such a perm is lost as the hair grows, and at the roots it will be noticeable in a month. Curling at the ends of the hair is an excellent solution for thin, sparse hair, cut in steps or in a cascade. Hair acquires splendor and serves as an excellent base for creating hairstyles.

Vellaformers have replaced curlers and curlers. In beauty salons, the technology of curling hair using latex bags that compress and curl the hair has recently appeared. Such a device is called wellformers. As a result of using this novelty, you will get a lot of lush, but soft wavy curls. Hair when curled with wellformers should be of medium length, or slightly longer. This is due to the fact that the hair at the roots in this case remains straight.

A good master in a good salon will definitely tell you what type of perm is best for your hair. Before the procedure itself, professionals in their field, first of all, will test the strand for rupture and test with a reagent on the skin. A skin test behind the ear is done to determine if you are allergic to the selected compound. After that, you will be asked to do a test for one strand with the selected drug. This is required in order to determine the concentration of the composition suitable for your hair type. If after using the drug they look dull and unhealthy, then the concentration of the drug is reduced.

In some cases, the master may refuse to perm your hair. For example, if they are discolored or so unhealthy that many of the hairs in the test strand break when pulled. The reason for refusing to perform the procedure may be regular henna. It clogs the scales of the hair and prevents the penetration of the composition inside. Before doing chemistry on your hair, you will be offered to make an alcohol-oil complex to draw out the remnants of henna from your hair, but one session is not enough here.

If you have recently dyed your hair, then you need to wait with curling your hair. It is not recommended to do chemistry during the period " critical days". If you were going to cut your hair and curl it, then first do the chemistry, and after the final haircut, but not vice versa.

If the master immediately offered you a perm without preliminary testing, or only one type of permanent hair waving is practiced in the salon, which may not suit you at all, it is better to look for another master in another salon.

There are two methods of perm: direct and indirect.

direct method. Wet each strand chemical composition and wind on bobbins classical pattern.

Winding according to the classical scheme (Fig. 1, a) begins from the lower occipital zone of the head. Then the hair of the middle and upper occipital zones is wound, then the temporal-lateral and, finally, on the parietal. All hair is twisted in the direction of their natural growth.

Indirect method. Wet hair is wound onto bobbins according to any scheme (Fig. 2, b, c), and then moistened with a chemical composition.


a - classical; b - directed; c - variable

Wetting the hair with the composition this case done in three steps:

*Not a large number of the composition is applied to the hair to slightly soften them;

* the average amount of the composition is applied to the hair to thoroughly moisten it;

*carry out a control wetting of the hair.

The composition begins to be applied from the lower occipital zone.

After choosing a method for performing a perm, they begin to wind the hair on bobbins, while considering the following:

  • the width of the strand should not exceed the length of the bobbin;
  • the thickness of the wound strand should not be greater than the diameter of the bobbin;
  • strands must be pulled strictly perpendicular to the head.
  • For one perm, 50 g of the composition is required.

A warming cap is put on the twisted hair and the composition is kept from 10 to 40 minutes. The exposure time depends on the concentration of the chemical composition and the condition of the hair. When using climazon, the exposure time is halved.

After some time, it is necessary to check the quality of the curl, for which they unwind (not completely, but only 1-2 turns) and twist back 3-4 bobbins into different zones, and also compare the diameters of the bobbin and the resulting curl. If these diameters match, then proceed to the next step: the composition is washed off hot water without spinning the bobbin.

Then fixation is performed by laying a tourniquet from a napkin along the marginal hairline so that the fixer does not get on the face.

Currently, two types of fixer are produced: ready-made and concentrated.

One fixation requires 50 g of fixer (3-5% concentration of hydrogen peroxide). If the fixer is ready, it is applied with a sponge or applicator to the bobbins and foamed so that a foam cap forms. The exposure time of the composition on the hair is 10 minutes. If the fixer is concentrated, it must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:1 before application.

After the foam settles, the bobbins are untwisted and a fixer is applied to the ends of the hair for another 5 minutes. Then the fixer is washed off with clean water.

After that, the final work is performed: neutralization special composition, styling, cutting, drying, etc.

Perm, performed with braids and bobbins

Wet hair is divided into zones, as shown in Fig. 2, a.


a - division of hair into zones;b - braided pigtails with ends wound on bobbins;c - the resulting hairstyle; arrows indicate the direction of hair separation

The zone of the first row of braids should be 5 cm wide. The number of braids depends on the density of the hair; the thickness of each pigtail is 2-2.5 cm. The hair is braided tightly into pigtails; the ends are not braided, but wound on bobbins and secured with an elastic band.

The zone of the second row of braids should be slightly wider than the zone of the first row, and the third - wider than the zone of the second row.

Thus, the hair is processed row by row to the top of the nape.

Strands of hair in the temporal-lateral and parietal zones are braided into thicker pigtails (3-3.5 cm).

After all the hair is braided, and the ends of the braids are wound on bobbins, they are impregnated on all sides with a chemical composition and kept for 15-25 minutes, depending on the condition and structure of the hair. Then the pigtails with bobbins are very thoroughly washed with water (t = 50...60°C) and a fixer is applied, which is held for 10 minutes. Next, the fixative is washed off with water, the bobbins are removed, the braids are untwisted and the hair is washed again with water.

At the end of the perm, the hair is washed with a therapeutic emulsion and combed with a comb with large teeth.

Hair dry natural way or with a hair dryer.

The hairstyle is natural, with large curls.

This combined chemical perm method is recommended for those who do not curl their hair with curlers.


To make the hair look lush and thick, as well as to facilitate their styling, the basal method of perm is used (Fig. 3). It is recommended for sparse or excessively regrown hair after a perm, as well as for hairstyles in which it is necessary to create volume at the hair roots.

essence basal method curling consists in the fact that not all the hair is wound, but only part of it at the root, leaving the ends of the strands straight or keeping the same curl on them.

You can start wrapping from any area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe head. However, it must be borne in mind that if the hair has previously been permed, then the bobbin should be wound, stepping back 2 cm from the regrown part of the hair. For example, if the hair has grown by 8 cm, then the bobbin is set at a distance of 10 cm from the edge of the hair.

The strand around the bobbin is wound with a half-eight. In this case, the end of the strand is in the left hand, and right hand hold that part of it, which is located on the bobbin. Having made the required number of turns towards the roots of the hair, the bobbin is fixed with an elastic band.

Having wound all the hair in this way, they proceed to the next stage of their processing: a chemical composition is applied to each bobbin in such a way that it does not get on the untwisted ends of the hair.

The exposure time is 10-25 minutes (depending on the structure of the hair).

All subsequent stages of root waving are similar to the stages of classical perm.

Spiral perm hair using modified bobbins

There are two ways to perform a spiral perm (Fig. 4).

Spiral perm and two ways to do it


A strand of hair is separated in the form of a square (starting from the lower occipital zone), twisted into a bundle and wound in a spiral onto a bobbin. In this case, the turns of the spiral are placed close to each other. The direction of twisting the bundle and the direction of winding on the bobbin must match.

A strand of hair is separated in the form of a square (starting from the lower occipital area), while it is not twisted into a bundle, but immediately wound in a spiral onto a bobbin, placing the turns close to each other.

Corrugated permed hair start from the lower occipital zone. A strand of hair is selected in the form of a square and tightly wound on a plastic hairpin according to the figure-eight principle. Next, perform all the stages of classical perm.


With a corrugated perm, the same curl is obtained as with a perm using pigtails.

Perm on boomerangs (Fig. 6) allows you to get a voluminous curl. Bobbins in this case are wound in a checkerboard pattern. All other stages are the same as in a classic perm. The width of the strand should not exceed the diameter of the bobbin.


Perm hair ring curls

Perm ring curls (Fig. 7) is used to create volume on short hair. Hair is divided into strands in the form of squares, the size of which depends on desired effect, and arranged in a checkerboard pattern. How more square, the more voluminous the resulting curl will be. The end of the strand is wrapped in a special piece of paper, the strand is twisted into a ring curl and secured with a non-metallic hairpin.

Perm hair - Types and types

Perm has a long history and it has been a long time since the procedure was perfected. Indeed, quite recently, in all Soviet hairdressing clients, they curled in the same manner so that they looked like lambs. Such chemistry looked unnatural and even comical, in addition to everything else, she also burned her hair - in a word, disfigured women as best she could.

Few of the fair sex nature endowed with lush curls. But charming curls are suitable for almost everyone - they make a woman's facial features softer, giving them femininity. And for those who want to always have beautiful hairstyle with curly hair, there is a wonderful way out - perm, which can completely change the image of a woman and hide some of the flaws in the shape of the face.

Chemistry is an auxiliary method for hair styling. She prepares her hair for curling. Recommended for those who use curlers or curling irons every day. In addition, thanks to chemistry, the problem associated with oily hair is eliminated.

The effect of curly hair, as a rule, lasts for 3-4 months, depending on the quality of the chemical composition. However, one should take into account individual characteristics structure of human hair.

At present, cardinal changes have taken place in the field of perm hair. Modern chem. perm has high-quality highly effective preparations and means that allow any improvisation of a perm from the smallest to the largest curl. From the previous chemistry, only the principle of curling hair, based on a change in the structure of the hair, remained. Everything that concerns the methods of approach to the procedure and the method of curling, they have improved so much that this has allowed modern chemistry to injure the hair at a minimum level.

There are many types and types of perm hair:

Types of perm hair

    Acid-based perm. Provides a strong hold, suitable for all hair types, but affects the hair strong impact.

    Alkaline curl. This type is softer on the hair and gives the curls a natural look, but is not suitable for all types of hair and lasts no more than 3 months.

    Neutral curl. Gently affects the hair due to the fact that this method of curling is pH-neutral. Suitable for all types of hair, it works equally well on all areas of the hair, regardless of the degree of damage to the hair.

    Amino acid curl. The amino acids and proteins contained in the composition penetrate the hair during the procedure and help them recover faster.

Types of perm hair

    Curling on papillottes creates the effect of naturally curly hair with flowing on top of each other friend light wavy curls.

    Spiral perm great for long hair. After curling, small spirals curl in rings without twisting with each other.

    Perm "on a pigtail" suitable for hair to the shoulders and below. The strands are treated with a chemical composition, braided into small tight braids, the ends of which are twisted into bobbins.

    Perm "on a hairpin" looks good on shoulder length hair. Strands of hair are wound on a hairpin made of non-metallic material.

    Perm with twisting of the second bobbin- part of the strand is wound onto one bobbin, and then “twisted” the second. As a result, curls of various sizes are obtained.

    Perm "children's". Its purpose is to eliminate the effect of the composition on the scalp. The head is covered with a plastic cap, strands are pulled through the holes in it and the usual perm is done.

    Radical A perm is performed on the part of the strand adjacent to the scalp to create fluffiness at the roots or to obtain curls at the hair roots in case the previously permed hair has grown back.

Unfortunately, perm has a strong effect on the hair structure, which in some cases can lead to serious problems. To minimize possible adverse effects perm, follow simple rules:

  • do not dye your hair before a perm;
  • if you are sick, postpone the perm;
  • choose products for waving that contain less alcohol and a lot of nutrients;
  • for washing hair after a perm, use special shampoo for hair with a chemical wave or a mild shampoo for damaged and weakened hair;
  • to moisturize and strengthen hair, restore shine and silkiness to it, make hair masks containing useful material(moisturizing panthenol and keratin, collagens, silk proteins), as well as hot masks using hair oil;
  • after a perm, the ends of the hair often begin to split, so regularly trim the ends of the hair a little or apply a special cream to the ends of the hair;
  • For better conservation curls, comb your hair only with combs with wide teeth.

Perm as a process mechanism of change ...

Perm as a process

The mechanism of changing the shape of hair during perm. Perm is a process in which the hair becomes voluminous and pliable, and the strands curl into curls of various sizes and stiffness. On the basis of perm, a variety of styling is performed. The main task of this procedure is to make the hair able to maintain a given shape. The principle of operation of any of the permanents entering the market today is the same as it was 60 years ago.

Human hair is made up of keratin, a water-insoluble protein containing spindle-shaped cells. In turn, keratin consists of amino acids, one of which is cysteine, which stabilizes the structure of the protein, but under the action of perm preparations, it decomposes at the site of the cystine bond:

S - CH2 - CH(NH2) - COOH

S - CH2 - CH(NH2) - COOH

Once this bond is broken, the hair becomes pliable. Since the hair is wound on bobbins, it takes the shape of an ellipse in cross section. It is known that straight hair in cross section is round, wavy has the shape of an ellipse, and strongly curly hair has a flattened ellipse (Fig. 82).

To restore the elasticity of the hair, oxidation should be performed, for example, with a weak 1-3% hydrogen peroxide solution or a ready-made fixer. In this case, the cystine bond is restored. However, due to the hydrolysis of keratin amino acids under the action of a perm preparation, irreversible processes also occur - a decrease in hair mass.

The chemical process proceeds at pH = 9 - 11; the higher the pH of the composition, the stronger it acts on the hair. Hair swells faster, the S-S cystine bonds break faster, but the hydrolysis of hair amino acids also occurs more actively. Therefore, to

The choice of exposure time and concentration of the drug should be approached individually, depending on the Hair, Their structure, condition (dry, oily, normal), on the effect of oxidative dyes on the hair.

Stages of perm. There are three stages of perm. On First stage Produce chemical exposure with the help of compounds and physical impact with the help of bobbins. These two processes are called plasticization.

On second stage They produce a chemical effect - they fix the newly formed bonds with the help of a fixer.

On third stage Produce neutralization - hardening of keratin.

The principle of perm. The strength of the hair is ensured by the presence of disulphurous bridges, which create an internal connection in the keratin chains and give the hair its shape.

IN first phase perm going on chemical process Deoxidation. The deoxidizer brings hydrogen into the hair, which breaks the disulfide bridges. This phase is where the chemical action takes place.

In second phase spinning occurs. The hair changes shape when wound on bobbins. Broken disulphurous bridges in keratin chains are displaced, and the hair takes the form of a bobbin. In this phase, mechanical action occurs.

IN third phase fixation occurs.

Thanks to the oxidizing agent contained in the fixative, oxygen is released. By combining with hydrogen, it restores disulfide bridges. The hair is fixed in new form. His integrity and strength return to him, but in a new form (Fig. 83). This phase is where the chemical action takes place.

The ideal percentage of deoxidation is 30% of the destroyed disulphurous bridges, which allows you to get an elastic curl and maintain the quality of the hair. On average, this means that every third bridge must be broken. To do this, it is very important to choose the right chemical composition and accurately observe the exposure time. For example, if you choose too strong a chemical composition or increase the exposure time, the hair will become sensitive and will not hold its shape well. Conversely, if you choose a weak chemical composition or shorten the exposure time, the curl will be very weak, and this perm will last a very short time.

Alkalinity and acidity of solutions. The chemical indicator of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution is expressed in terms of pH. pH scale included

It takes values ​​from 0 to 14; pure water, which is considered a Neutral Substance, corresponds to a value of 7 in the middle of the scale. A solution with a pH below 7 is Acidic, and a pH above 7 is Alkaline. An alkaline solution causes softening and swelling of the hair, while an acidic one causes contraction and hardening. There are devices and paper indicators with a special composition for determining the pH of various solutions. So, when immersing a piece of paper impregnated with salts of nitric acid, in alkaline environment its darkening is noted. In an acidic environment, the color change is not so strong or not at all. If you wet your hair with water and check the pH, then the resulting figure in the range from 4.4 to 5.5 will correspond to the norm of a weakly acidic reaction. Compositions for perm have a pH of about 10 with a shift to the alkaline side. The acidity index in neutralizing agents is about 3, this indicator is located in the acidic part of the scale. Until the master examines the condition of the client's hair and does not have data on previous cosmetic procedures, solutions with a pH closer to 7 should not be used. Ignorance can lead to damage to the client's hair.

Alkaline perm. The main active ingredient in the alkaline waving formula is ammonium thioglycolate - chemical compound, formed by the reaction of ammonia with glycolic acid, the pH of the alkaline composition of the curling lotion is usually 8.2-9.6, depending on the amount of ammonia. This composition penetrates the hair faster than the acid-balanced one. Alkaline perm is sometimes done using a perm with water, with some hair requiring a plastic hood and others not.

Benefits of an alkaline perm include Stronger curls (usually last longer); possibility of processing room temperature.

Alkaline perm is used to style hair that is difficult to process, as well as to get a mulberry curl if the client’s permanent was too weak before.

Acid-balanced perm. The main active ingredient in acid-balanced formulations is glyceryl monothiglycolate. Its pH is lower than that of the alkaline composition. This formulation is gentler on the hair and generally produces less tight curls than the alkaline cold wave. An acid-balanced lotion has a pH of approximately 4.5-6.5, the composition penetrates the hair more slowly than an alkaline, so the treatment of the hair lasts longer. The heat used in this case can be of two types: from the chemical reaction itself (exothermic

Czech method); from an external source - usually a climazon or an infra-heater (endothermic method).

Recently, new acid-balanced formulations have been developed that allow curling at room temperature. They have a slightly higher pH than regular ones and are active ingredient same.

The benefits of an acid-balanced perm are softer curls and longer but controlled processing times. Acid-balanced perm is done if the hair is naturally fragile or dyed; in order to get curls or waves close to natural, a perm serves as the basis of a hairstyle. The disadvantage is that acid-based perm is less durable than the classic (alkaline-based), after 4-6 weeks the hair becomes less lush.

composition of neutralizers. Neutralizers for acid-balanced and alkaline perms perform the same function: to fix curls for a long time. Neutralization - very milestone. If the hair is not neutralized correctly, the curl may weaken or develop after shampooing. In general, neutralizers consist of a relatively small amount of hydrogen peroxide, an oxidizing agent, and an acidic pH. Methods for applying neutralizers vary.

Neutral perm. Like alkaline perms, it has a pH of 7.4, but is much more gentle than acid-based chemicals.

Scientists developed the method of neutral perm taking into account the fact that there are so-called hydrophilic zones in the hair (water repellent), which easily absorb excess perm fluid, in contrast to hydrophobic zones. A neutral perm smooths out these differences. It protects sensitive areas, while healthy areas begin to absorb liquid more actively. As a result, the hair does not experience additional stress, as it does not swell too much. Neutral perm is ideal for clients who have rough hair after perm and require more protection. A special keratin complex smooths out the damage in the stratum corneum already during the perm and takes care of the elasticity and stability of the hair.

Choosing a permanent. The decision on which type of permanent should be applied (acid-balanced or alkaline) is made based on the type of hair.

Modern means for a permanent are wide opportunities choice. There are alkaline formulations for bleached hair and acid-balanced formulations for coarse, naughty hair. Each of them gives excellent results, provided right choice and following instructions.

Preparatory work. TO preparatory work perm include:

*Preparation of the workplace;

*Invitation of the client to the chair;

* Carrying out a dialogue;

*Hand washing and disinfection of instruments;

Preparing fixtures: two non-metallic bowls (one for the composition, the second for the fixer), two sponges (small for the composition, large for the fixer), applicators, gloves, measuring cup, insulating cap and bobbins;

Hair combing and diagnostics: determination of the condition of the hair (natural, dyed, bleached), texture (thick, medium, thin), structure (oily, normal, dry), length: up to 15 cm or more, sensitivity (testing: in the crook of the elbow or behind auricle apply the composition and incubate for 5-10 minutes);

Covering the client with linen;

Performing a hygienic wash.

All haircuts of a clear, geometric shape are performed before perming.

Bobbin types and sizes. Bobbins are concave and straight. Concave Bobbins narrower in the center, gradually towards the ends

Expand; as a result, the curl is more steep at the end and loose at the roots of the hair. The diameter of the Straight Bobbin is the same along the entire length, and the curl is even. The bobbin is equipped with an elastic band (elastic band) attached to one end and fastened to the other when the hair is already wound.

When choosing the size of the bobbin, it is necessary to take into account the desired number of curls and the physical characteristics of the hair. The number of waves, curls and splendor of hair are determined by the master and the client in a preliminary conversation. The type of hairstyle depends primarily on the size of the bobbins, their number and placement on the head. Hair characteristics such as length, bounce and texture are taken into account when choosing the size of the bobbin, with the latter being the most important. So, with a rough texture and good elasticity, you need to divide the hair into small strands and take large bobbins. Medium texture and elasticity require the hair to be divided into medium strands; bobbins should also be of medium size. With a fine texture and poor elasticity, the hair should be divided into smaller strands than with an average texture; bobbins are taken from small to medium to prevent damage to the hair. To curl the hair on the back of the head, take the smallest strands and the smallest bobbins. To make a perm on long hair (longer than 15 cm), they are divided into small strands, wound evenly and close to the head. The division into small strands contributes to uniform wetting.

Hair perm

Many women dream of beautiful curls, but not every nature has curly hair. One of the options to achieve the desired effect is a perm.

Many of us, for sure, had a chance to experience disappointment from the performed "classic" perm. Spoiled hair of an incomprehensible color sticking out in all directions and one dream - to cut it all off as soon as possible. Now there are opportunities to minimize the adverse effects of chemicals on the hair, it became possible to choose a perm not only in terms of external indicators, but also according to the type of your hair.

True, a lot will depend on the master who will do you a perm. From my own experience, I can say that my very first perm was the most successful. It was done with a soul, but in completely unthinkable conditions, with the most ordinary "Curl". I have not been able to achieve this result, which is a pity.

A real professional will definitely analyze the type of your hair, and will select a perm in accordance with the results. So, for example, for tired hair fit gentle acid perm. Unlike conventional chemistry, acid perm has a pH value between 6 and 7, which almost matches the natural acidic protective coating of skin and hair. This means that the acid perm will not tire the hair too much. If you have on your head sensitive skin, a biological perm containing sulfides is suitable for you and is very gentle on the scalp. Conventional chemistry is only suitable for healthy or very thin hair. Its only merit is that it lasts at least twice as long as any other perm.

And yet, the choice is yours.

So, what you need to consider when making a choice:

Negative points:

Any hair requires care and attention, a perm will not save you from the hassle of styling and care, rather the opposite. Despite the fact that sparing options for perms have now been developed, nevertheless, hair is stressed and negatively affected and needs to be treated. rehabilitation treatment. Permed hair requires careful combing and styling.

A gentle perm lasts less than a classic one.

In many ways, success will be determined by the professionalism of the master. He will not only make a quality perm, but will also help you decide on the type of perm, depending on the structure of your hair, their health, the expected size of the curls and their stiffness. If you are not confident in the master, you risk ruining your hair and mood.

There are a lot of undesirable moments that can reduce the results to zero. More on this later.

You may need to touch up your hair, as it may still lose its original color.

If you live in an area with a hot, dry climate, this can also be bad for your hair. They will require more care.

Constancy. If you change your mind, you will have to wait a long time until the hair becomes natural, and possibly part with the stubborn part of it.

And now for the positives:

If you have a humid climate, and at the same time you love curls, you should choose a perm, because in the rain, in wet weather, chemically treated curls will only be clearer, which cannot be said about curls laid on curlers or a curling iron.

Permed hair styling can be done less frequently.

Hair becomes more "obedient".

If you have oily hair, chemicals will dry them out.

Chemical perm adds volume to hair.

Constancy. It could be positive quality if you made the right choice.

If you unbearably want to do chemistry and this will just make you feel calmer, do it, taking into account all necessary information for the right choice.

Do not perm if:

  • your hair is depleted, diseased and in need of restorative treatment.
  • your body is weakened by illness or stress.
  • you are pregnant or taking hormonal preparations that affect the hormonal background of your body, so to speak, creating the effect of "imaginary pregnancy".
  • you are breastfeeding.
  • you have critical days.
  • you have an elevated blood pressure, when lowered, try to raise it by drinking a cup of coffee.
  • in a room where a perm is performed, less than 24 ° C in winter and 22 ° C in summer.
  • you are allergic to the drug.
  • Have you recently tinted or dyed your hair? After dyeing your hair, you must wait with a perm for 2-3 weeks. Spend this time on intensive hair care.
  • the day before, you treated your hair with a composition containing metal or ursol (for example, "Hair Color Restorer", etc.)
  • Do you constantly use products containing silicones? If these are shampoos with conditioner, then the silicones contained in it dissolve in water, just tell the hairdresser to remove the remnants of this product with an exfoliating shampoo. Read more about silicones below.

"Killers" perm?

Silicones in combo shampoos

(The material is based on the book "500 Hairstyles and Makeup Tips. Pro Tips")

Products called Two-in-one (two products in one bottle) are becoming more and more popular. Are they to blame for the failed perm?

Silicones are different.

1. Water-soluble silicones form a stable foam and are specially used in shampoos. They are not deposited in the hair.

2. Silicone oils enhance shine and make hair easier to comb. They are found in rinses, health products, and many combination products. These oils do not dissolve in water, but are washed off with shampoo. With frequent use, they accumulate in the hair.

3. High polymer silicones bond the split ends of the hair. Silicones, especially those that are part of the liquid for the care of the ends of the hair, are deposited in the form of a dense film on the hair and are removed with great difficulty.

Weak perm, boring coloring and hair that hangs helplessly after each wash - many women face these difficulties. But few know how to deal with it.

Meanwhile, the use of combined products has simplified hair care. Shampoo and conditioner in one bottle - a wonderful discovery. Time is saved, and often this type of hair care is cheaper and cheaper. It is not surprising that two-in-one products currently have about 15% of the market share. However, the growing popularity of these products scares many hairdressers. "Perming, coloring and tinting of hair no longer work as before. Hairdressers are increasingly complaining about this," says B. Müller, chairman of the board of the Central Union of German Hairdressers. Hairdressers suspect that the silicone contained in many products is the culprit for the aforementioned troubles.

Silicones are widely used in hair care products and are essentially harmless. In many combined shampoos, their proportion is negligible. Drops of silicone that are deposited on the hair make it softer, shinier and easier to style. However, with constant use of shampoo, more and more droplets of silicone are deposited on the hair, which form a film and close the pores. Further views chemical processing, such as toning or curling, I can no longer properly affect the hair. First of all, tender Thin hair become heavy, and the perm does not hold on to them.

H. Daniel of the Hygiene and Detergent Manufacturers Union, defending new shampoos from attack, refers to in-house testing and research that was carried out in New Zealand and Scandinavian countries and found no deterioration in the quality of perm and toning. But, since the research has only recently started and the results of longer trials have not yet been received, hairdressers' doubts seem to be justified.

Undoubtedly certain types silicones are always deposited on the hair. Silicones are specially introduced into the liquid for the care of the ends of the hair in order to achieve just such an effect. Therefore, if you intend to perm, you should not use products containing silicones often.<:>

  • use a combined shampoo should not be daily, but not more than twice a week. The rest of the time, use regular shampoo.
  • you need to buy a combination shampoo in accordance with the type of hair and spend a small amount for each wash.
  • for washing delicate fine hair, only in exceptional cases can you use combined shampoos. Hair quickly becomes covered with silicone and becomes sluggish.
  • for hair supersaturated with silicone, the cosmetic industry produces special neutralizers that prevent the deposition of silicone on the hair. These products are convenient for those who do not want to procrastinate with a perm.
  • When you ask your hairdresser to do a perm, toning or coloring, be sure to tell him about the previous hair care.

About perm

What is a perm?

Perm is the general name for the process, as a result of which the hair becomes voluminous and pliable, the strands curl into curls of various sizes and stiffness.

What happens to hair during a perm?

The substance of the hair softens under the action of acid (thioglycolic), its natural sulfur compounds dissolve. At this stage of curling, the hair takes a new shape with the help of curlers or papillots and is fixed in it.

Which perm is right for your hair?

It entirely depends on their thickness and condition.

It is believed that the thinner the hair, the more demanding it is for perm products, since thin hair itself is soft, weak and sags quickly. Therefore, the curling agent must be strong enough to fix fine hair in a new shape. Thick thin hair is inherently stronger and better retains its shape, so there is enough “lighter” chemistry for them. The classic perm is best suited for healthy hair. If it is done correctly, it lasts from three to six months. True, it is not harmless to hair, therefore, in order for them to retain their shine and healthy appearance, you have to use special rinses and balms.

If you have sensitive scalp, it is better to choose a biowave, which contains sulfide instead of thioglycolic acid and acts gently and gently on the hair and scalp. The new product is pleasant for the skin: foul-smelling and burning ammonia is not included in its composition. Instead, natural urea is used, under the action of which the hair swells before curling. This substance is almost odorless and does not pollute environment. But still, without hydrogen peroxide, an oxidizing agent, which is part of the cream for bleaching hair, no long perm. And this operation also tires the hair.

For tired hair, acid-based chemistry is suitable. In contrast to the alkaline composition for a classic perm, the acidic composition has a pH value of + 6-7, which is approximately equal to the pH value in the anti-acid cover of hair and skin, which naturally facilitates the penetration of acids into their structure. Flaw acid composition in that it is less resistant than alkaline. The perm lasts about half as long as the usual perm with a classic composition, about 4-6 weeks. Unfortunately, acid perm is not suitable for all hair types. So, for example, it is useless to try to do an acid perm on the so-called strong hair - smooth and so straight that after each attempt to make waves, they return to their previous state. They just don't take chemical waving fluid. If your waves do not hold at all, ask your hairdresser to test your hair with a special device or just do a test curl on one strand.

And finally neutral perm - a novelty. It has a neutral pH value, less damage to the scalp and works equally well on all parts of the hair. On the head of each person there are areas where the hair is either too rebellious or damaged. Thus, one part of the hair lends itself well to perming, while the other does not. And the result is an uneven curl, often without shine. Neutral perm has a uniform effect on the hair and is suitable for all hair types. It's also ideal for those who want to do their own perms: it's sold as a wave foam with integrated nutrients. A special keratin complex smooths out damage to the stratum corneum already during a perm and takes care of the elasticity and stability of the hair.

When making your choice, consult a professional hairdresser. It will help you figure out what is right for you.

TYPES OF PERMS

Curling on papillottes

This type of curl creates the effect of naturally curly hair, creates light wavy curls.

For curling papillottes top hair divided by steps. This gives the hairstyle additional plasticity. The hairdresser separates the correspondingly wide strands and winds them on large hairpins. You need to arrange them randomly. Strands of hair should be twisted in the same direction, but not parallel. This will create a picture of beautifully flowing, naturally curly hair. Then apply the means of curling. It is selected taking into account the structure and condition of your hair.

Spiral perm

Perfect for long hair, but can also be performed on the length of the hair to the earlobe.

The peculiarity of the spiral "chemistry" is in the form of curls. Long hair is twisted in small strands into small spirals. After curling, they curl in rings without twisting with each other. The hairdresser achieves the same effect with a regular curl, if he first twists individual strands into bundles. Spiral chemistry is recommended to dry at room temperature or with a hairdryer with a diffuse nozzle. It acts as a filter, allowing air to pass through many small holes without tangling your hair.

Perm "on a pigtail

Suitable for shoulder length hair and below. The peculiarity of this curl is that strands are treated with a chemical composition, braided into small tight braids, the ends of which are twisted into bobbins. But you can also twist the entire pigtail. This achieves an interesting effect.

Perm "on a hairpin

Looks good on shoulder length hair.

The peculiarity of this perm is that the strands of hair are wound on a hairpin made of non-metallic material.

Perm with twisting the second tookushki

The peculiarity of this type of perm is that part of the strand is wound on one bobbin, and then the second is “twisted”. As a result, curls of various sizes are obtained.

Perm for children

The purpose of performing a "children's" perm is to exclude formulations on the scalp and hair roots.

Such a perm is performed like this. The head is covered with a plastic cap. With an ordinary crochet hook, strands are pulled through holes in a plastic cap made by the same crochet. Next is the usual perm.

Perm "Gemini

This type of perm is distinguished by the shape of the curl: half of the strand has curls in the form of vertical curls, and half in the form of horizontal ones.

Root perm

It is used in cases where it is required to perform a perm on a part of the strand adjacent to the scalp, for example, to create splendor at the roots or to obtain curls at the hair roots if the previously permed hair has grown back. The length of the strand to be curled is chosen as desired.

Advice:

In order to preliminarily determine the intended shape of the curl and the appearance of the hairstyle using non-traditional species perm, you can perm by moistening the hair strands with plain water with the addition of beer in a ratio of 1: 1 or with the addition of citric acid(to 1/2 cup of water, add citric acid at the tip of a knife).

A few hours after the perm, the hair should be rinsed with acidified water (a tablespoon of table vinegar per liter of water);

On the day of the curl, do not comb your hair;

For 2-4 days, do not wash your hair and do not subject it to heat treatment, for example, the use of a hair dryer, hot rollers, etc. is not recommended.

Do not use electric tongs;

You can not comb your hair with a brush. For this, a comb or comb with rare teeth is more suitable;

Do not dry your hair, try not to get under the direct rays of the sun, after bathing (in salt or chlorinated water), be sure to rinse your hair;

In order to improve the structure of the hair, do not use urine therapy, since the curl may soon "develop";

Use special nourishing shampoos and balms to wash your hair;

It is advisable to conduct a health-improving and regenerative course for hair.

Gentle hair wash. Ideal for washing with a super mild shampoo for perm-damaged hair or washing with conditioner shampoo. Hair is less torn, as it becomes more elastic. Shampoo your scalp and hair roots. Long hair is enough to clean the remnants of shampoo flowing down the hair.

Recovery at night. The effect of chemicals during curling affects not only the external, but also the internal structure of the hair. Protein compounds that give hair strength and at the same time make hair elastic disappear. The result is dry brittle hair without shine. A special course of treatment in ampoules restores damaged hair within seven days. Ampoules are used as follows: the liquid from the entire ampoule is applied to dry hair in the evening and combed. During the night, it will be absorbed into the hair and begin to restore the broken connections. Wash your hair well in the morning.

course of treatment in between. Instant action, ideal for women who have little time. To do this, it is enough to sprinkle the hair with a moisturizing liquid. An amazing double effect: nutrients are injected into dry hair and at the same time, the curl is “refreshed” by means of a massage. For hair that has been particularly affected by perm, a nutrient spray should be applied daily.

Regular energizing. Regardless of whether the hair looks faded or not after perm, it should be rinsed well after each wash. Hair masks should be done after every 3 or 4 hair washes. The new perms contain lightweight nutrients such as moisturizing panthenol and growth-enhancing keratin, collagens and silk proteins. They also give the curls elasticity.

Soft laying is acceptable. This applies mainly to long hair. Be warned: the hot air of a hair dryer is poison. Dry your hair with warm air only, using the diffusion nozzle, otherwise the hair will tangle and the curls will not be able to curl up. New: drying under an infrared lamp - just like in a hairdresser. A more gentle drying method is hard to imagine. If you want to make fashionable "big waves", wind large strands of hair on pre-heated "Soft Styler" rollers. The advantages of this method: the hair stays dry, the curlers cool within 20 minutes and do not need clips or hairpins.

magnificent effective remedy- hot oil. This is the latest innovation: it strengthens the hair without leaving any traces of fat on it. Its secret lies in a new combination of ingredients from keratinates and protein hydrolysates and thermal action. Closed bottles with oily liquid must be heated for 2 minutes in hot water, then uncork and insert into wet hair. Thanks to the heat, the ingredients are evenly distributed on the surface of the head and have a better effect on the hair. Let the oil soak in a bit and then wash it off with shampoo. Thanks to this treatment course, hair becomes healthier and more elastic.

Women instantly appreciated the opportunity to instantly acquire a luxurious mane of curls that for a long time do not require special styling. In the salons were recorded in a few weeks. But gradually the hype subsided - after all, the first formulations for "chemistry" were overly aggressive and often irreparably spoiled the hair. They lost their luster, strength, broke. Over time, advances in chemistry have created more gentle, gentler formulations, and now the spiral perm is gaining popularity again.

Curling spiral curls is a vertical type of perm.

For her, very special curlers are used - long, thin, with clearly defined spiral grooves. Thin strands are wound along these grooves, from the roots to the tips. Other accessories are also used, flat rulers, corrugated papillottes, special “boomerang” knitting needles. This variety allows you to create curls of different patterns, diameters, degrees of curl. Masters will give your hair both an African curl and a noble large curl.

A spiral-type perm requires a rather significant time investment - sometimes up to several hours.

The strands wound on curlers are separated very thin, no more than 1 cm. The end of the strand is fixed with a clamp. There are some tricks to diversify the shape of curls. interesting effect obtained by winding not a flat strand, but a twisted bundle. Some masters suggest pre-braiding the hair into a thin pigtail. If a special rib is made on the curlers, then the “wave-in-wave” effect is obtained. The strands are also twisted according to different patterns: the classic “hat”, tiers, broken line, zigzag type, curl only separate zones or even just some strands. After winding, the strands are impregnated with the selected composition and dried. It is better to dry your hair at room temperature or with a diffuser nozzle. Air should freely penetrate the hair so that there is no tangling of the curl in the future.

The spiral curl procedure, although it requires certain skills, can be carried out at home. But if you want to have flawless, elegant curls, you better trust the master.

Spiral perm transforms thin long and semi-long hair into a chic mane with clearly defined curls that do not get confused with each other. The curl remains along the entire length of the hair for a very long time and the hairstyle does not lose shape when the hair grows back. No less interesting result will be on not very long strands, barely reaching the ear. The spiral type of perm goes well with almost any haircut. It is very good to combine a spiral perm with a treatment procedure using a keratin mask. As it grows, there is no need to cut off the hair, the procedure is repeated only in the root zone, and on the remaining part the curl is perfectly preserved. Spiral perm also requires follow-up care. Hair can be pampered medicinal oils, use special balms. Very helpful in taking care of long curls after spiral "chemistry" medicinal products with Brazilian babasu palm oil. It penetrates very deep into the hair, but does not have the effect of excessive leaving. Hair becomes elastic, shiny. Before re-curling, you can completely restore the hair that has been exposed to "chemistry".

Playful curls secretly want to have almost all straight-haired ladies. This desire is quite achievable with the help of perm hair. There are several variations of this procedure.

You should figure out which option to choose for yourself and how to make chemistry yourself at home.

Owners of short hair do not need to give up at all; on such strands, she looks no less stylish. So, it was decided to make a perm, it remains to decide on the type of perm.

Type Result
Root perm Designed for maximum volume. The flaws of this type of curling include damage to the health of the hair. When the hair grows back, it does not look so impressive.
End curl For short hair, this procedure is recommended if the girl has oval type faces. Very effective for weakened hair, they take on a flowering appearance.
biological waving Contains gentle ingredients. Therefore, this type is very popular among girls.
Acid perm Great for short hair. She is quite persistent and is able to please the eyes of others for six months.

It is better for owners of naturally thin hair to refuse chemistry, as problems associated with brittle strands may arise. Before perming the hair, it is necessary to insure and carry out restorative procedures (cutting dry ends or a hot haircut).

Carving

Carving is a new gentle procedure for curling curls, often called light chemistry. It harms the health of the hair to a lesser extent. Used to reach maximum effect to give volume from the root of the hair. It is used as a long-term styling, as such it is for 2 months.

Large curls look equally attractive on strands different lengths and short haircuts are no exception. Such a hairstyle suits all, without exception, a charming lady, which every woman considers herself to be. Fancy curls are able to revive the image, giving it femininity. Unfortunately, not all women are given to have wavy hair by nature. This is easily corrected by perm.

Among the owners of short haircuts, large chemistry is especially popular, as it looks more natural. In procedure major chemistry There is important nuance- the selected diameter of the curler. Larger curlers should be used, small ones will give a “lamb” result. It is recommended to use plastic curlers. The result is fashionable curls.

The procedure for conducting a spiral perm is distinguished by the technique of winding and curlers. Knitting needles, spiral curlers, papilettes and boomerangs are used here, the result directly depends on this. This variant of chemistry provides for obtaining curls of different elasticity and sizes. At the moment, African curls are especially popular. Spiral chemistry is a rather laborious procedure and requires a lot of time. To get a visible volume, it is necessary to form a large number spiral curls. The strand wound on curlers should be as thin as possible. many ladies with short haircuts hesitate to do spiral chemo. There is a misconception that spiral curls not for short hair. Short spirals on such strands look no less impressive than on long ones.

Spiral chemistry on short strands requires special home care. Hair needs to be treated with oil. Drying with a hair dryer

use a diffuser attachment and set a wide stream of hot air. Otherwise, the curls will fluff.

How to make chemistry for short hair at home yourself

Despite the complexity of the procedure, strictly following the recommendations, perm can be done independently and at home.

Tool and all necessary components

  • Special fixing composition. You can cook it yourself or buy it ready-made in a professional store.
  • A sachet of citric acid or vinegar;
  • Shampoo or shower gel;
  • A remedy that restores the hair structure, Londovital is often used for this purpose;
  • Castor oil;
  • Plastic curlers, their diameter depends on the size of the desired curls;
  • Comb in one row with a long handle;
  • Sponge;
  • Gloves;
  • Containers for the mixture, it is advisable to use plastic or ceramic products.

Carrying out the procedure

  1. Before curling, you need to put your hair in order, you can make a haircut, taking into account the visual reduction in length.
  2. Conduct a response analysis. To do this, just apply a little chemical composition to the skin.
  3. Wet strands are easier to wind, their width should be 2 cm narrower than the width of the curler.
  4. As with hair coloring, the entire density is divided into zones. Each strand is lubricated with a chemical composition using a sponge. Winding should begin with the occipital, then the parietal and then process the temporal zones. After winding each of the zones, it is necessary to additionally process the mixture.
  5. After the winding is completed, the skin along the hairline should be lubricated with a fat cream or cosmetic vaseline. Put a shower cap on your head and wrap it with a heated towel.
  6. The holding time of the chemical mixture is about 20 minutes. It is important to check the quality of the chemistry, 15 minutes after winding, you can dissolve one strand.
  7. Unwind all the strands and rinse them with vinegar or a solution of water and citric acid, dry and apply Londovital.
  8. The perm is over, you can start styling your hair.

Thanks to such a painstaking, but quite doable procedure, every woman can afford gorgeous curls. This hairstyle is in perfect harmony with any face shape and looks beautiful on haircuts of different lengths.