Countries with an equal number of women and men. The ratio of women and men in the world from year to year
Sex ratio is a demographic term. It shows the number of men for every 100 women. The ideal ratio is between 105 and 107 men per 100 women. This optimal proportion was first recorded in 1710.
It has been proven that if men prevail in a society, the risk of murder and violence increases. In countries with more women, the income disparity between the sexes is often bad for the economy. After all, a large number of unmarried women lead to a decrease in the birth rate.
In general, there are more men than women in the world. According to the UN, last year the sex ratio was 101.8: 100. However, there are many countries where women outnumber men.
Express info by country
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Latvia
Latvia ranks first in the ranking of the countries with the largest sex ratio imbalance. In 2015, there were 84.8 males for every 100 females. Thus, women accounted for 54.1% of the total population. This is partly the consequences of the Second World War. In addition, men in Latvia have a high mortality rate due to problems such as alcoholism, smoking and reckless driving. About 80% of suicides in Latvia are committed by men. The most common causes are unemployment and financial difficulties. Women live on average 11 years longer than men.
Lithuania
The gender gap in Lithuania is primarily associated with factors that increase the mortality rate among men. First, the number of male smokers is significantly higher than the number of female smokers, which puts their health at risk. Secondly, mental illness, depression and suicide reduce life expectancy in the male population. Women in Lithuania live on average 79.3 years, while men only 68.1. The gender gap is especially noticeable among Lithuanians aged 30-40. In 2015, women accounted for 54% of the total population.
Curacao
Curacao is a self-governing island nation in the Caribbean. In 2015, women accounted for 53.9% of the total population. The sex ratio was 92 to 100. The average life expectancy for women is 80.2 years, and for men - 72.4 years. Most women fall in the 15 to 64 age group.
Ukraine
Women in Ukraine make up 53.7% of the total population. As in the case of Latvia, these are still echoes of the Second World War. The average life expectancy for men is 62 years, and for women - 74. Ukrainians often have serious health problems, and in combination with a high level of emigration, this contributes to a decrease in the male population of the country.
10 countries where women outnumber men
The reasons for gender imbalance can be very different, but research shows that it is highly undesirable. In such countries, educated women with high incomes cannot find partners for themselves. At the same time, men who are unable to provide for their families begin to suffer from mental health problems. Both sexes are the losers.
In Russia there is an acute shortage of men. There are 10 million fewer of them than women. And the older women are, the fewer men are among them. These are the disappointing data from Rosstat. Today, 67.7 million men and 78.5 million women live in Russia. And for one thousand men there are 1158 women.
The image of a man "with a stroller at the ready" is unpopular among modern macho. But there are exceptions. Photo: PhotoXpress
34 years - fatal age
And what's interesting is that more boys are born in Russia than girls. Under the age of four, there are 947 girls for every 1,000 boys. According to Leonid Rybakovsky, chief researcher at the Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, this is a common story - more boys are always born in all countries: “If you look at the statistics of conception, it turns out that up to 125 boys are conceived per hundred girls. And those that are born are more susceptible to diseases, and at an older age - to bad habits and the influence of other dangerous factors. "
At the age of 5-9 years, there are 953 girls per thousand boys and the ratio does not change until the age of 19. But then the number of boys begins to decline rapidly. The age of 30-34 can be called the equator - the number of men and women in our country is equalizing.
Norilsk - the territory of men
Most single women live in large cities. For example, in Nizhny Novgorod the fair sex is 27 percent more than the strong (1273 women per thousand men). Almost the same situation is in Perm (1263 women per thousand men), in Samara (1244 per thousand). In St. Petersburg and Moscow, the situation is not much better (1204 and 1167 per thousand, respectively).
If you look in the context of federal districts, the most harmonious situation is in the Far East - there are 1081 women per 1000 men. The worst with men is in the Central Federal District - 1180 women per thousand strong.
However, there are cherished places in Russia where there are more men than women and where, apparently, it is worth going for the suitors. These are the Chukotka and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs (there were 961 and 995 women per 1000 men, respectively). You can also name specific cities where men clearly lack female affection. These are Norilsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory) and Novy Urengoy (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), where there were 987 and 922 women per 1,000 men, respectively.
Don't drink in one gulp, guys!
This unfavorable ratio has developed due to the continuing high level of premature mortality among men, according to Rosstat.
This is confirmed by the director of the Institute of Demography of the Higher School of Economics, Professor Anatoly Vishnevsky. One of Russia's troubles, he says, is a very high mortality rate from external causes: homicide, suicide, traffic accidents, drowning, poisoning, including alcohol.
The expert gives an example: in 15 Western European countries (members of the European Union before its expansion in 2014) in 1970 from this group of reasons 97 died for every 100 thousand men. By 2011, the ratio had dropped to 44 per 100 thousand - more than half. In Russia, the corresponding indicators: in 1970 - 239, in 2011 - 217 per 100 thousand. Reduction of 10 percent.
There are several reasons for this. "One of them is a special structure of alcohol consumption - we have a very high share of strong drinks, which, moreover, are often consumed in one gulp. You can drink a bottle of wine in the evening and nothing will happen to you. And if you immediately" slammed "the glass vodka, or even more, then your heart muscle may not be able to withstand ", - says Anatoly Vishnevsky. Once upon a time in Finland there was the same type of alcohol consumption as we do.
But they dealt with the problem. And in Poland too. There, the consumption structure has changed. We switched from vodka to beer. And beer doesn't die like that. This is not to say that all of Europe is sober. France has a problem with alcoholism. But the mortality rate there is one of the lowest in Europe.
There is no life in the fists
Another Russian factor, historically formed, is the low price of life - neither one's own nor someone else's. “We just start to show our muscles right away,” says Vishnevsky.
Traditionally, men perform the most difficult and dangerous work that takes away their health and lives, this is another reason for the high mortality rate of young men in Russia and the large difference in life expectancy between men and women (66 and 76 years, respectively), adds Leonid Rybakovsky.
Dead end branch
The scarcity of men affects different areas of life. On family relations, on the labor market.
When there are much more young women than men, this primarily affects the "marriage market" and family relations, explains Elena Mezentseva, associate professor of the Department of Sociology at the Higher School of Economics. “Men now have no motivation to tie themselves by marriage. Many of them strive to live in unregistered marriages in order to maintain freedom,” the expert explains. “They know that if something is wrong, you can always leave. ... And he adds: men now have a richer choice when looking for a soul mate, because there are much more single women in Russia.
In the labor market, the lack of men translates into the fact that women are gradually beginning to occupy traditional male niches. On the one hand, “marking” is highly developed in our country - this work is only for women, and this one is purely for men. “It is in our heads. Therefore, overcoming barriers is going rather slowly. But in recent years, the process has accelerated,” Mezentseva said.
By the age of 30-34, the number of men and women is equalized. And then the score goes not in favor of the young ladies
For example, women have become more likely to get into leadership positions. True, Western companies have shown us a positive example here, in which the rules of "nondiscrimination" have been established. "You will see many women in the offices of foreign companies opened in Russia, in top and first-level executive positions, among the top management. In joint Russian-Western companies, there are fewer. In purely Russian ones, there is a minimum. But the process is underway," she says.
In addition, women began to "infiltrate" into such traditionally male spheres as the army and other power structures. And if earlier they worked there mainly in "women's work" - cooks, cleaners, now they began to serve almost on a par with men and occupy positions previously available only to the strong half.
Some time ago, a tendency began when women began to take the places of men in hard physical work.
All hope for migrants?
Now the tendency of "women in male professions" is almost broken - from such places they are squeezed out by migrants. It is they who are currently making up for the lack of Russian men. And at work. And in families, by the way, too.
“How long have you seen female asphalt pavers? Male work, which at one time had to be undertaken by women. Now it is left to the mercy of visiting men,” Mezentsev gives an example. And he refers to statistics - before the crisis, more than 12 million foreigners came to Russia a year, most of whom worked here. “Basically, they made up for the shortage of men,” she said. Moreover, it is no secret that the majority of labor migrants are young men. And many of them give birth to second families here. “As a rule, guys come who are already married, with a child. But then they begin to live a family life with Russian women, and children are born in these, albeit unregistered, families,” says Elena Mezentseva. Some then divorce their first wife, others live in two families.
True, the number of women among migrants has been growing lately. Knowing about this trend, they strive to come to work with their husband, so as not to lose him.
According to the Goskomstat data shown in the images, in 2010 (census year) there were 66.1 million men and 76.8 million women in Russia, that is, a difference of 10.7 million (or 16%) initially seems large. Purely statistically, this means that for every 1,000 men, there are 1160 women. Let's try to look deeper than the general figure and look at the distribution of sexes by age for the same 2010. And what do we see? Turns out, men MORE up to 29 years old! At the same time, in rural areas, the number of men exceeds the number of women up to 40 years old! And at the age of 30 to 44, women are only 2-7% more women, and even then, a gap of 7% manifests itself in the ages already well over 40! In this way, a 20-30-year-old woman's argument that there are no male peers is completely false, unless she is looking for a pensioner in companions. And if for some reason personal life does not go well, then most likely the problem is in the woman herself, her adequacy and goals.
Moreover, in the structure of the population of Russia, throughout the 20th century, there was always a final (stable by 5-10 million) prevalence of women over men, although there were always more men in young ages (up to about 35 years old). This is due to the higher mortality rate of men aged 40-50 years, which is explained by a heavier, more intense and long work activity, historical events (the main participants of which are always men), as well as the peculiarities of a weak culture of going to the doctor.
Agree that you have a better chance of living up to 100 if you managed to work only 15-20 years before retirement (the rest is decrees, babysitting, etc.) in generally safe paper, computer or creative professions (such are the standard professions for Russian women as an accountant, teacher / educator, designer, secretary, cashier, hairdresser) than if you were chopping off in a coal mine or on a lathe for 30 years. Besides, almost 100% of all life-threatening or unhealthy occupations are men- military, police, electricians, assemblers, pilots, miners, rescuers, sailors, drivers, firefighters, etc.
The conclusion is that at childbearing ages in Russia, the number of men consistently matches the number of women, and the final advantage of the latter is explained by the extremely high mortality rate of men at retirement and pre-retirement ages for a number of social, economic and political reasons. That is, if you are a woman aged 18-35, then you cannot actually complain about the lack of male peers, and thus this myth is refuted in the most important part, although in general it is true. And therefore, all kinds of "glamorous" magazines can relax and stop lying and spread fables and horror films on this topic.
By the way, this situation is not something unique - if we talk about other countries, then in Brazil and the United States there are about 4 million more women, in Japan by 3.3 million, in France by 2 million; and also in Germany, Argentina, Italy, etc., and therefore some ladies can ask an excellent question to their (Internet) boyfriend from the above countries, what is it that prevented him from finding his happiness at home. Conviction? Lack of money? Repulsive appearance? Mental problems? Alcoholism? Addiction? Do you need it?
Important addition: Yes, earlier in the article it was concluded that in childbearing ages, when couples and families are usually created, the number of men and women is approximately equal according to statistics, but I would like to make clarifications that demographically describe the current situation in the intersexual sphere in Russia. In fact, statements like " at the age of 25 there are more / less guys than girls"do not make sense in relation to reality, since men aged 20, 25, 30, 40 and even 60 can equally apply for the same 25-year-old woman, which is not so rare in the middle class and among wealthy city dwellers Perhaps, someone will not like my next statement, but let's face it: for biological and social reasons, a man is able to participate in inter-sex interactions at least up to 100 years old, if his physical condition and material level, and age himself allow it. itself is not a big hindrance.At the same time, the period when a woman is popular and is in demand among the opposite sex is much shorter. For women, age is a critical factor.This is a fact, citing which, I want to say that, based on reality, it is necessary to correlate not stupidly all men and all women, but the number of men in "active" ages 15 to 59 and the number of women in "active" ages 15 to 39, whether you like it or not.
In these groups, according to the 2015 Demographic Yearbook of Russia, we will have about 45 million men and 25.7 million women. However, some of these people are already married, and it can be assumed that they either do not participate in sexual interactions outside the family, or participate spontaneously and episodically, without pretending to be consistent. Let's use the 2010 census data to find out the percentage of married people by sex and age. It turns out that of the selected men, about 55% are already married. Among the indicated age category, women are married 43%. In absolute terms, it turns out that at the moment there are 14.6 million unmarried women in the "active" age of 15 to 39 for 20 million single men in "active" ages 15-59. Formally, there are 3 women of active age in Russia.
These calculations are good, but in reality it is also necessary to take into account that some young women are simply inaccessible for various reasons: they either simply do not need a permanent partner (they work as prostitutes or are the mistresses of those who are already married), or they are simply not physically present in Russia, since they are according to the minimum estimates, about 800 thousand people. That is, this formal ratio of 4: 3 is in reality even worse for men, perhaps even close to 2 men for 1 woman, which clearly indicates a very large numerical superiority of men over women in active ages in Russia.
The ratio of men to women in the world
And, at the end of the material, let's turn to the situation in other countries. In the above document (pdf), compiled on the basis of UN data for 2010, you can find out the ratio of men to women in the world. In general, for the whole world, this figure is 102, that is, there are 102 men for every 100 women. At the same time, in 108 countries out of 184 for which data are available, the number of women exceeds the number of men, in another 21 countries the number of men is approximately equal to the number of women, and only in 55 countries the number of men exceeds the number of women, and that is most often insignificantly (within 5 eight%). For example, there are significantly more women than men in the United States (by 4 million), Japan (by 3.2 million), Brazil (by 3 million), France (by 1.7 million), Germany (by 1, 6 million), Mexico (1.5 million) and Italy (1.3 million), among others, so there is nothing surprising in this situation, and this difference is usually achieved at retirement ages.
However, an attentive reader probably noticed that 6 countries of the Persian Gulf are out of the picture - Saudi Arabia (124), Oman (142), Kuwait (148), Bahrain (166), United Arab Emirates (228) and Qatar (311). The numbers in brackets are the number of men per 100 women there. But if you imagined sheikhs languishing from the absence of a female in sports cars, as is often presented by all sorts of rogues in the media, then you are cruelly mistaken. These countries have such fantastic indicators not because only boys are born there, but for two other reasons: firstly, most likely many women there simply do not participate in population censuses because of religious and cultural prohibitions; and secondly, all these countries are filled with visiting guest workers from India, Africa and Southeast Asia, who once ended up there as laborers and service personnel. That is, among the indigenous Arabs, the sex ratio is at levels natural for the whole world, so there is a local princess for every sheikh.
Russia, 2012In Russia, men are 10 million fewer than women, according to Rosstat. So, for one thousand men there are 1158 women.
The ratio of male and female population in our country for the last 100 years looks disproportionate. According to the 1926 census, there were 47% of men and 53% of women. In the first decade after World War II, this ratio was even more critical: 45% to 55%.
The number of representatives of the strong, but small sex increased slightly by 1989, but the indicators just returned to post-revolutionary ones (47% to 53%). In 2004, the number of men decreased by another 1%. This indicator remained until 2014. The number of men in Russia is slowly but surely decreasing. There are several main reasons for this.
Armed conflicts
In the first place among the reasons for the small number of the male population are all kinds of revolutions, wars and other armed conflicts. Most of the men do compulsory and long-term service. They also serve in the police, the Ministry of Emergencies, security services and other law enforcement agencies. When a conflict occurs, men are thrown to resolve it.
In the Great Patriotic War alone, more than 7 million servicemen were killed. And this is not counting those who died of wounds, diseases, who were captured and shot by the Nazis. The vast majority are male fighters. The women who survived the war were acutely aware of the lack of a male population.
The post-war era was also not devoid of reasons for the death of young, able-bodied men. Afghanistan, Chechnya, terrorist attacks in Russia itself - these armed conflicts have claimed many thousands of lives of the strongest and healthiest men. It should be noted that the war is the main reason that in the whole world there are 8% fewer men than women.
Repression
The Stalinist repressions also contributed a lot to the decrease in the male population of the country. There were, of course, both women dissident and wives who were shot for complicity in their husbands' "crimes". But there were still much more of the latter.
The reason for this total death lies in the psychology and even physiology of men. Males take on the role of pioneers, fighters, defenders. They pick up new trends and readily rush into battle. Interestingly, boys are born annually on average 50 more than girls. By the time of adulthood (30-35 years), the sex ratio is leveled, and in the older, the number of men is steadily decreasing.
Ladies are by nature more careful due to their maternal role: they have to think, in the first role, about offspring. They are less likely to risk their lives.
Risk is the fate of men. Boys more often die in childhood and young age due to their carelessness, inclination to adventurism and courage.
Drunkenness and inattention to your health
An ancient tradition and the main problem of Russia - drunkenness - greatly contributes to the extinction of the country's male population. Even in peacetime, its numbers are decreasing. Men drink more and more often and, in general, take very little care of their health. By the age of 40, it is already strongly undermined by the regular use of "intoxicants" and other excesses.
Men are more likely to have heart attacks, strokes and other serious illnesses due to their inattention to health issues. Such a stereotype of behavior also has a bad effect on survival: a real man should not complain and run to doctors, but must endure the pain. It ends badly. So it turns out that many smart, educated and beautiful Russian women have no one to marry.
The number of men and women in the world's population is almost the same (in 1970 there were 50.2% of men). In Asian countries (except Japan), there are slightly more men than women (51.3%); in modern Africa as a whole, the number of men and women is equal (but in some countries the proportion of men ranges from 48 to 53%), in Europe and America there are fewer men (48.5 and 49.5%, respectively). Boys, as a rule, are born everywhere a little more (104 - 107 per 100 girls), but the mortality rate among the male and female parts of the population is different. Early marriage, early aging and hard labor of women in many former colonial and dependent countries noticeably increase the mortality rate of the female part of the population there. In developed industrial countries, the mortality rate for men is usually higher in all age groups, but especially in the elderly. The largest disparities in sex ratios are created by wars. So, in the GDR in 1946 the share of men in the population was only 42.5%, in 1950 in the FRG - 46.8, Austria - 46.4, Poland - 46.2%. For countries with significant external migration, the sex ratio can be noticeably disturbed by the predominant outflow or influx of either men or women.
In our country, which suffered heavy human losses in the Great Patriotic War, the proportion of men in the population was 45.3% in 1961 (in 1939 - 47.9%). By 1970, it had risen to 46.1%, by 1979 - to 46.7%. The consequences of the war years are gradually smoothed out, but a higher mortality rate among men than women remains in adulthood and old age. In 1979, there were 17.6 million more women than men in the USSR.According to the 1970 census (there is no exact record of the age composition in the periods between censuses), there were men per 1000 women:
The ratio of men and women at young marriageable ages is close to normal. This is essential for the reproduction of the population. The gender imbalance has a noticeable negative effect on the composition of the labor force, including older generations, and on the entire lifestyle of these generations. However, we note that in the USSR and in other socialist countries, with real gender equality and the involvement of women in most types of activities, the gender disproportion in the population has less significant economic and social consequences than in countries of other social formations.
Territorial differences in the number of men and women are largely related to the age composition of the population: the greater the proportion of children and young people, the closer to normal and the average sex ratio. Mainly due to the high birth rate and the greater proportion of children and youth, the number of men per 1000 women in the population of Turkmenistan in 1970 was 970, Tajikistan - 968, Uzbekistan - 949, at the same time in Latvia - 842, Estonia - 843, Belarus - 851 For the RSFSR and Ukraine, for a combination of reasons, the most unfavorable indicators were formed: 838 and 825 men per 1000 women, respectively.