What happens in the month of pregnancy. Diet and vitamins. Possible discomfort
The onset of pregnancy is the beginning of an amazing time for future mother... Seeing two cherished stripes on the test, I can't wait to find out what awaits next on the upcoming path of bearing crumbs. Today we will tell you how the fetus develops by weeks of pregnancy, what the mother feels at the same time, and at what stages all organs and systems of the baby's body are formed.
Starting point: how to know when the pregnancy started
The obstetrician calculates the date of the beginning of the expectation of the baby for the woman during the first visit to the antenatal clinic.
- The doctor performs a manual examination to determine the size of the uterus. This will help him understand what period of pregnancy the uterus corresponds to.
- Also, the local doctor must specify the date of the first day last menstruation... This moment is taken into account, because the mucous membrane of the uterus begins to prepare for pregnancy from this particular period of time.
- You can find out the most reliable information about the duration of pregnancy using ultrasound examination... An ultrasound study can tell up to the day when a small life was born. Inspection even on the most early dates(starting from 4-5 weeks) estimates the size of the embryo, which allows the obstetrician-gynecologist to calculate the exact date the beginning of pregnancy.
In the first week after conception, the embryo actively moves along fallopian tube... After six days of active “travel”, it enters the uterine cavity. Under the influence of progesterone (also called pregnancy hormone) future baby attaches to the lining of the uterus, this process is called implantation.
If the embryo is successfully attached, then the next menstruation will not happen - the pregnancy has begun.
Intrauterine development of the child
The development of an infant inside the mother's womb, from the moment of conception to the moment of birth, is usually called a miracle, and there is every reason for this. Fortunately, medicine has studied quite well all the stages of the important event in a woman's life - pregnancy. Each expectant mother can imagine exactly what will happen to her and her baby during all nine months.
There are three periods of intrauterine development of a baby:
- blastogenesis- starts with fertilization and lasts 15 days;
- embryonic period- starts from the 16th day and ends by the 13th week of pregnancy;
- fetal period- from 13 weeks and lasts until the very birth.
Each of the periods has its own chronology of events. The formation of the child's organs, systems of vital activity in his body and his direct growth naturally move in each period of intrauterine development. How this happens, to find out what and when is formed, you can find out in the summary table. It will be informative for expectant mothers who are interested and important in information about the development of the child at all stages of the pregnancy.
Pregnancy development by week
Waiting for the birth of a baby in obstetrics is usually divided into three conditional parts:
- I trimester - from the beginning of pregnancy until the 13th week;
- II trimester - from the 14th to the 26th week;
- III trimester - from the 27th to the 40th week.
These trimesters contain 10 obstetric months. Conditional split table:
| Obstetric month | Weekly pregnancy period |
|---|---|
| First month | From the first to the fourth week of pregnancy (1-4) |
| Second month | From the fifth to the eighth week (5-8) |
| Third month | Week 9 to 12 (9-12) |
| Fourth month | Thirteenth to Sixteenth (13-16) |
| Fifth month | Seventeenth to Twentieth (17-20) |
| Sixth obstetric month | Twenty-first to twenty-fourth (21-24) |
| Seventh month | Twenty-fifth to twenty-eighth (25-28) |
| Eighth month | Twenty-ninth to thirty-second (29-32) |
| Ninth month | Thirty-third to thirty-six (33-36) |
| Tenth month | Thirty-seventh to fortieth (37-40) |
Before a detailed study of the process of fetal development in the mother's abdomen, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the table of changes in the height and weight of the future fetus:
| Week of pregnancy | Fruit size | Fruit weight |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | – | – |
| 2 | – | – |
| 3 | 0.15-0.2mm | – |
| 4 | 1 mm | – |
| 5 | 1.25-1.5mm | – |
| 6 | 2-4 mm | – |
| 7 | 4-5 mm | – |
| 8 | 1.6-2 cm. | 1 g |
| 9 | 2.3 cm. | 3-4 g. |
| 10 | 3-3.1 cm. | 5 g |
| 11 | 4.1 cm. | 7 g |
| 12 | 5.4-6.3 cm. | 13-14 g. |
| 13 | 7.4-8 cm. | 20-23 g. |
| 14 | 8.7 cm. | 35-43 g. |
| 15 | 10-11 cm. | 50-60 g. |
| 16 | 11.6 cm. | 80-90 g. |
| 17 | 12-13 cm. | 100-110 g. |
| 18 | 14.2 cm. | 150 g |
| 19 | 15.3 cm. | 200-210 g. |
| 20 | 16.4 cm. | 260-270 g. |
| 21 | 19-20 cm. | 300-310 g. |
| 22 | 21-22 cm. | 350 BC |
| 23 | 23 cm. | 450 BC |
| 24 | 24 cm. | 550 BC |
| 25 | 25-26 cm. | 680-700 g. |
| 26 | 33 cm. | 800 BC |
| 27 | 34 cm. | 950 BC |
| 28 | 36 cm. | 1-1.3 kg. |
| 29 | 37 cm. | 1.4 kg. |
| 30 | 38 cm. | 1.5 kg. |
| 31 | 39 cm. | 1.6 kg. |
| 32 | 42 cm. | 1.7 kg. |
| 33 | 43 cm. | 1.9-2 kg. |
| 34 | 44 cm. | 2.2 kg. |
| 35 | 45 cm. | 2.4-2.5 kg. |
| 36 | 47.5 cm. | 2.6 kg |
| 37 | 48.5 cm. | 2.9 kg |
| 38 | 50 cm. | 3.1 kg. |
| 39 | 51 cm. | 3.3 kg. |
| 40 | 52 cm. | 3.4 kg. |
Now let's move on to describing the development of the baby in the womb at each week of a woman's pregnancy:
Week 1
The fetus as such is not yet in question, since pregnancy has not actually occurred yet. The main sign that fertilization has occurred is implantation bleeding. This phenomenon manifests itself as slightly smearing bloody issues about 6-7 days from the moment of conception.
2 week
This week from the obstetric point of view is considered as possible for conception. The egg cell in the female body matures by the 14th day of the cycle and is theoretically ready for fertilization. If, according to your calculations, the moment of conception has already taken place, then the second week is marked by the attachment fetal egg to the uterus. This moment is important, since from the moment of attachment, the fetus begins its full development.
3 week
The embryo looks like a microscopic berry, in the third week it is still only a set of cells. The size of the embryo is negligible, the maximum diameter by this time is 0.2 mm. But just during this period, the formation of sexual characteristics begins at the cellular level. Having anchored in the uterus, the most important process of intrauterine development of the baby begins - the formation of the placenta. Very little is left before the formation and development of the basic systems of the organism of the unborn child.
4 week
Obstetric 4th week - the period during which the expectant mother discovers two cherished strips on the test. The functional distribution of cells is in full swing in the embryo. Its size can be compared to this week with poppy seed... The weight is still quite insignificant and does not exceed 0.5 g, but the process of cell division occurs every minute and the future baby is growing very quickly.
5 week
The embryo has already passed several stages of its development - zygote, morula and blastocyst. The cells continue to divide rapidly, and by the end of the fifth week the baby will weigh at least 1 g, and the size will reach as much as 1.5 mm. On the ovum, you can already make out the emerging sensory organs - eyes, ears and mouth gap. The blood group of the unborn child was formed in time for the 5th week intrauterine life... Education begins thyroid gland as well as the intestinal and urinary systems.
6 week
At this time, the unborn child clearly shows the largest parts of the body - the trunk and head. In the form of tiny processes, legs and arms are distinguishable, with tiny fingers protruding on them. Weight at the sixth week in the embryo - up to 2 g, and the average size about 4 mm. Cartilaginous structures are actively developing, the thymus gland is formed. The main organs continue to develop: the heart, liver, lungs, stomach and pancreas. The baby is developing muscle tissue, the external genital organs are outlined.
7 week
With the beginning of the seventh week, the embryonic period ends. The unborn baby is now called by another medical term - fetus. At this time, the facial features of the crumbs are already slightly distinguishable. The rudiments of the nose, eyelids are formed, the ears are visible and upper lip... Outwardly, “unnecessary” organs are still present - the gills and the tail, which will disappear a little later. The cerebral hemispheres are formed, cartilage tissues develop continuously. The liver at week 7 is already capable of producing blood cells.
8 week
At 8 weeks, the weight of the fetus is 1 g, and the length reaches 20 mm. If you look at an ultrasound study, then the future baby will look proportionally like a grape. But every day the fruit looks more and more like a real man. The baby's face is already better defined, the nose has small nostrils, and the olfactory recipes are actively formed. His heart becomes four-chambered; ovaries form in future girls, testicles in boys; the arms and legs of the fetus at this time can already bend / unbend.
9 week
Many systems and organs are formed by the 9th week of pregnancy, but they are not yet fully functional, but continue to develop. The palms are formed, the membranes between the tiny fingers disappear. Lymph nodes are laid. The first reflex, the swallowing reflex, begins to develop. The baby's eyelids are formed and can involuntarily open and close. The size of the fruit already resembles a large cherry berry - weight 4 g, height about 30 mm.
10 week
In the 10th week, the baby is actively moving and pushing. But these movements are so weightless that the expectant mother simply does not feel them. The muscles of the face, neck and pharynx begin to develop. The face has already been formed, and in a few weeks the appearance of the unborn child can be examined on an ultrasound scan. The rudiments of milk teeth develop. The cerebellum "acquires" neural connections, which are subsequently responsible for reflexes. A small heart beats at least 150 beats per minute. Now the fruit already weighs 5 g, has grown by about +12 mm and resembles a strawberry.
11 week
The organs and systems of the crumbs have already been formed by this time, some are working in full force while others continue to ripen. Bronchi, lungs, trachea are actively developing; liver; intestinal tract; blood vessels; irises of the eyes. At 11 weeks on an ultrasound, you can see quite distinguishable outlines of the unborn baby.
12 week
The kid is already actively using some reflexes - imitates breathing and swallowing movements, involuntarily squeezes and unclenches his palms into fists. The first contractions of the intestinal muscles appear (peristatics). The pancreas is formed and is already “learning” to produce bile. A unique pattern appears on the fingertips. The baby develops facial expressions, he can smile or wrinkle his face. Weight - up to 13 g, and height - up to 62 mm.
13 week
A week of an active growth spurt for the future baby. The brain is already capable of giving the first commands for the reflex movements of the fetus. The sense of smell develops, the vocal cords are formed. The body begins to grow faster, and the growth of the head, on the contrary, slows down. In the intestines of the crumbs, digestive villi appear. The baby's skin is still very thin, and is riddled with blood vessels. The weight of the fetus increases up to 20 g, and the growth - up to 80 mm.
14 week
At week 14, all organs and systems of the unborn baby are being improved and continue active growth. Rib cage can rise and fall as if breathing - this is how the lungs train. The process of hematopoiesis is formed, sweat glands, the neck muscles are getting stronger every day. The baby's weight at this time is about 27 g, and his height is 110 mm. The lifestyle, nutrition and well-being of the mother are very important - if these indicators are in order, then the baby feels good and does not experience any discomfort.
15 week
This week, the fetus has already formed vision and the necessary nerve endings to be able to see after birth. From the 15th week, skeletal ossification gradually occurs - a long-term process that requires a large amount of calcium. In baby boys, a male hormone, testosterone, begins to be produced. The kidneys excrete the first amniotic fluid. The muscles of the child are improved and strengthened. Fruit weight - 50 g, height - up to 104 mm.
16 week
At 16 weeks, the future baby grows up actively from the top of the head to the very heels. The weight is already about 80 g, and the height can reach 117 mm. The systems of the body function to the best of their ability, some of them already “work” quite well. Swallowing amniotic fluid, it passes through digestive tract and kidney, and turns into urine. The skeleton stiffens, the child's legs are lengthened. The baby is actively moving in the uterus.
17 week
The auditory formation of the unborn baby by the 17th week smoothly ends. The weight is approaching the 100 g mark, and the growth becomes about 12 cm. The blood vessel system develops and branches out. In the baby's blood, the most important components of their own immunity appear - interferon and immunoglobulin. In female children, the uterus is formed in utero. The strength of the baby's pushing increases in this period, they become frequent and palpable.
18 week
The development of the fetus in this period of the second trimester is very intensive. The baby is growing so fast that it could already fit in the palm of your hand. The movements are palpable, the baby moves very actively at 18 weeks. Often swallows amniotic fluid, which can lead to hiccups - this moment the expectant mother can notice by a slight tremor of the abdomen. Gradually, a layer of subcutaneous fat forms in the fetus, muscles develop, and the mineralization of the skeleton continues. Weight - about 150 g, height does not exceed 14 cm.
19 week
The child inside the uterus is actively growing, improving and gaining weight. By the way, the baby weighs about 200 g by week 19, and his height is about 14-15 cm. The body focuses on the development of the brain, the improvement of the five basic senses. The amount of subcutaneous fat increases. The respiratory system continues to develop and strengthen. The period of wakefulness alternates with a period of activity, the baby can sleep up to 16-18 hours a day.
20 week
Outwardly, your baby has already become a real little man, and on an ultrasound scan you can already see the sex of the child, his facial features, observe facial expressions (which sometimes shows the character traits of the future child). The weight of the crumbs at the "equator" of pregnancy is approximately 250-270 g, and medium height is 16 cm. The child is active, turns his head, sucks his fingers, opens and closes his mouth.
21 week
At this time, you can already be sure that the child distinguishes sounds and hears what is happening outside the uterus. In terms of body proportions, the baby already practically resembles a newborn. The weight of the fetus is about 300 g, the height is 19 cm.At this time, taste buds, the composition of the blood is being improved.
22 week
The twenty-second week is the period when future child prefers to spend most of the time sleeping. But, nevertheless, in a dream, the baby actively turns over, the size of the uterus still allows you to change the position. The crumb is spinning, pushing, pulling the umbilical cord. Spring this stage- about 350 g, and the height is 20-21 cm.
23 week
The next week meets with habitual movements, although many babies prefer to “calm down” by 23-24 weeks and make their mothers worry about rare movements. The crumbs still have enough room in the uterus, so many of its tremors are simply not felt, so there is no need to worry. The weight is already moving towards the 450 g mark, and the height is more than 22 cm, although it is worth remembering: all the listed parameters are individual.
24 week
Under the mother's heart, the future baby grows and gains weight - the indicator for many future children at this time is at least 550 g. This week, the development of the bronchi in the baby is completed, which is very important for respiratory system child.
25 week
From the 25th week, the child in the womb begins to produce pigment in the hair, giving them the color that is due to heredity. It is this color that the mother will see in the baby at his birth. Weight reaches 700 g, height - 23-25 cm. Nerve connections and brain cells continue to form. Training breathing movements can be observed in the fetus.
26 week
Tremors at twenty-six weeks become strong, distinct, and many moms may even complain of their intensity. The child's weight is already at least 800-850 g, and his height is already more than 33 cm. The active strengthening of the bones of the skeleton continues, the rudiments of milk teeth in the gums are mineralized. Marigolds and hairs begin to grow.
27 week
The growth of the child at this time is about 34 cm, and the weight is close to 1 kg. The baby becomes cramped in the uterus, and the legs cannot be extended, so the baby takes an optimal position: pulls small crossed legs and arms to the chest. From the twenty-seventh week, the child is already gradually taking the correct position in the uterus, but if he lies across or “sits on the bottom,” then there is still time to roll over.
28 week
With the beginning of the 28th week of pregnancy, the weight of the fetus is up to 1300 grams, and the growth is up to 37 cm. The child's muscle tissue continues to develop intensively. New convolutions are formed in the cerebral cortex. Rh-conflict between the mother and the fetus is possible, and at this time the obstetrician-gynecologist must take special measures.
Week 29
The weight of the fetus is about 1500 kg, and the body length is at least 38 cm. It is time for the expectant mother to master the method of calculating movements.
30 week
Full height the fetus reaches 36-38 cm, weight reaches 1.5 kg. The expectant mother may have several fears that are associated with future childbirth.
31 week
At the 31st week of pregnancy, the weight of the fetus will be about 1.6 kg, the full height is about 39 cm. pain sensitivity... Possible disturbances in the night sleep of a pregnant woman due to active and strong tremors of the fetus. Now is the time to study the issues of pain relief during childbirth.
32 week
Fruit weight about 1.7 kg, size from crown to heels 40-42 cm. Sharp movements may make the pregnant woman dizzy and nauseous. It's time to think about possible presence at childbirth of someone close.
33 week
The weight of the fetus by 33 weeks is about 2000 g, the height is 42-43 cm. The mineralization of the bones of the fetus is almost complete. The expectant mother should count the fetal movements from time to time.
34 week
The growth of the fetus is on average 43-44 cm, weight 2.2 kg. The baby becomes very cramped in the uterus, and motor activity decreases. It's time for mom to discuss the method of delivery with the doctor: natural childbirth or a cesarean section.
35 week
The growth of the fetus is 45-46 cm, weight is 2300-2500 grams. The fetus is almost completely ready for childbirth, but the lungs are not yet ready to perform the respiratory function. It's time to pack up for the hospital. If the baby in the uterus has not yet taken correct position, special exercises will help.
Week 36
Fruit weight is approximately 2.5-2.7 kg. Full growth is about 45-47 cm. At this time, the indicators of each crumbs can differ greatly from the average in a smaller or larger direction. It's time for parents to make a to-do list to plan and complete before the baby is born.
37 week
The thirty-seventh obstetric week of pregnancy is the time when the mother must be mentally prepared for the birth of the child. Especially it concerns multiple pregnancy and the birth of children, starting with the second child. The weight of the child reaches 2.9 kg, and the height is within 50 cm.
38 week
The thirty-eighth week could be last week your pregnancy. The child gradually becomes heavier. The baby weighs about 3 kg, and is already 48-50 centimeters tall. Childbirth can begin at any time, so loved ones should be within reach at all times.
39 week
At the 39th week, the mother is not only physically, but already mentally prepared for childbirth. The baby weighs about 3 kg, and its height is about 48-50 cm. By its size, the child at this time is similar to a miniature watermelon.
40 week
At the end of this week, the estimated date of the baby's birth may come. The baby's weight is already about 3.5 kg, the height is about 51-55 cm. The baby is completely ready for birth. It remains to wait for the moment when he will make the newly-made parents happy with his birth.
Total.
This is how 40 weeks of pregnancy go by. Happy start new life - watch the video of how the crumb develops in the mother's belly:
Development of pregnancy by months: how the mother's body changes and the baby grows
1st month
Mama. The chest becomes sensitive, touching it - painful. The uterus begins to grow gradually.
Child. So far, the future baby is called an embryo. The first six days of pregnancy, he swims in amniotic fluid, lives “autonomously” and is not connected with his mother yet. Outwardly, the embryo resembles a tiny auricle 5 mm in size. By day 21, his heart begins to work; in parallel, at the same time, important organs are formed: the spinal cord and the brain. By the end of the 1st month, the umbilical cord appears, connecting the baby with the future placenta.
2nd month
Mama. Pregnancy is not yet outwardly noticeable either to the expectant mother or to others - the uterus is in a small pelvis, and its size is small. Changes continue to occur in the breast, it swells and increases in size.
Child. This month, changes are coming in the appearance of the future baby - facial features appear, the outlines of the eye sockets appear; there is the formation of tiny arms, legs and even fingers on them. The weight of the embryo at this time is up to 8 g, and the size is about 4 cm.
3rd month
Mama. Intensive growth occurs in the uterus, it develops, in size it already fills the small pelvis and almost reaches the bosom. Very soon everyone will see that you are in a position!
Child. By medical standards, your baby has already passed the embryonic stage and is now becoming a fetus. Its weight can reach 65 g, and its length varies from 10 to 12 cm. An important point in development - in the 2nd month, the child has an inner and outer ear. The baby is very active, moves its arms and legs, nods its head and clenches its fists. The growing child already has eyelids, and thanks to them, he can open and close his eyes.
4th month
Mama. A rounded tummy is already looming, the waist begins to gradually "blur". The mammary glands cause considerable discomfort due to their growth and sensitivity - you have to pick up for a long time suitable posture for sleep.
Child. Your baby already has quite a tangible weight - up to 250 g. Most of the time the child spends swimming in the amniotic fluid, their renewal occurs every 3-4 hours. A fluff appears on the baby's head, eyebrows and eyelashes on the face. In the intrauterine development process, the first feelings and sensations begin to form in the child. The baby reacts to loud sounds and a bright light source.
5th month
Mama. Almost every day, the belly of the expectant mother becomes larger and clearly protrudes forward. The uterus is located about 8 cm below the navel. Starting from 17 weeks, most expectant mothers begin to feel new sensations in the stomach - while weak, but very pleasant pushes and movements of their baby.
Child. In the fifth month, the child's brain is actively growing, develops nervous system... The heart beats twice as often as that of the mother. By this period, the weight of the crumbs can be up to 650 g, and the height is about 30 cm. By the 20th week, the baby is already able to suck his fingers on his hands, and at 24 weeks, he can open his eyes and react to light.
6th month
Mama. The waist of a pregnant woman by this time becomes 8-10 cm larger. The size of the uterus increases so much that now it reaches the navel. The state of health and mood is good, the weight has not grown too much and the activity of the expectant mother is not limited by anything.
Child. It's time for the baby's respiratory system to mature. The lungs begin to mature after 24-25 weeks of gestation. The child has already formed sensations of light and noise - when he hears a sharp sound, the baby can shudder. The first reflexes (hiccups, swallowing and sucking reflexes) also appear and actively develop.
7th month
Mama. The size of the uterus by the seventh month of pregnancy reaches 24-28 cm in height, it continues to grow and grows with the baby.
Child. The baby is already less active than in earlier periods. In most cases, the baby settles down in the uterus, head down, and sleeps for a long time. The child's weight is already 1-1.2 kg, and his height is up to 37 cm.He is already learning to breathe, but the lungs are not yet mature enough - they will finally be ready for the breathing process at about 34 weeks, which is important when premature birth... By this time, the baby has already learned to recognize the mother's voice, and recognizes it when he hears it.
8th month
Mama. The body of the expectant mother continues to change - the uterus rises up already by 30 cm, contracting from time to time, as if “rehearsing” the upcoming contractions. Colostrum appears in the breast. In the third trimester, the load on the female body increases many times over, and existing chronic diseases may worsen.
Child. The kid is growing and gaining strength. For bone mineralization, the baby needs a large number of calcium, which comes to him from mom. The baby's skin becomes pink, smoother. From time to time, a mother can observe protrusions and “bumps” on her belly at those moments when the baby is tossing and turning violently.
9th month
Mama. The body of a pregnant woman begins to actively prepare for childbirth. The uterus, together with the baby, weighs about 6-7 kg at this time, and its height is measured within 33 cm. In the third trimester, pain in the pubic joint, edema and increased blood pressure are frequent.
Child. After 38 weeks of gestation, development intrauterine development the baby can be considered complete. The baby is ready to be born. V last month the baby is gaining 10-15 g every day. Amniotic fluid becomes smaller, the child grows by leaps and bounds, and it becomes cramped in the uterus. In girls, the labia majora cover the small ones; in boys, the testicles descend into the scrotum. The fluff on the body completely disappears, and only a little original lubricant remains. At the time of birth, the child weighs approximately 3-3.5 kg, and the height varies from 50 to 55 cm.
And finally, photos and recommendations from a young mother. Look at the photo of the growth of the belly during forty weeks of pregnancy. Have you photographed your belly week by week?
Even thanks to medical procedures, determining the first month of pregnancy is not an easy task. Regardless, there are several symptoms that can help you identify your curious situation right from the start. These clear signs- what are they like? Basically, what is important to understand on minimum terms? How does the first month go, how does it all develop, and what feelings accompany the girl?
The formation and maturation of a female cell, which has 23 chromosomes from the mother - this is how the beginning proceeds. The release of an already ripe egg occurs in about two weeks. And already in the tube, she is waiting for her acquaintance with the sperm - the same male cell containing 23 chromosomes from her father. This process will lay the foundation for the emergence of life. In order for the already fertilized egg to be able to cling to the uterus, which, in turn, must prepare for this action, the inner layer must thicken and become covered with a network of blood vessels. As usual, the hour of fertilization is the third week. The intercourse of 46 chromosomes with their subsequent pairing is a consequence of the interaction of nuclei.
After the completion of this process, all the characteristics of the new person are predetermined. But with the sex of the future baby it is more difficult, it is determined by the last, 23rd pair of chromosomes. The beginning of the appearance of the cells and organs of the child is the zygote - the result of contact between the male and female cells. Halfway to the uterus, while still moving through the tube, the zygote begins an active process of division. The fetus has about 32 ready cells approximately three days after fertilization. That's when it begins to attach to the uterus. In an interesting position, by the end of the third week, the size of the embryo is 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter, there are 250 cells, and appearance the future baby resembles an empty ball.
The egg cell, which has already met the sperm, takes root in the elastic wall of the uterus at the end of the third week. And only when it is firmly and reliably fixed, we can already say that conception did occur, and you are irrevocably pregnant!
The end of the first month is marked by the fact that the hollow ball of the fetus turns into a flat disc, consisting of layers - an embryo. Later, these layers will become organs and systems.
Late menstruation
Throughout the entire period of pregnancy, menstruation should disappear. For a woman who is sexually active and does not care about proper protection, delay critical days- the primary sign of a possible interesting position. Although, however, you should not immediately associate the delay with an interesting situation, because it can have many other reasons, for example, an ordinary cold, acute stage some chronic illness, frequent stress, or even worse - ovarian pathology and the like.
Toxicosis
Nausea and vomiting are signs of pregnancy that are clearly visible already in the first month. All women manifest these signs without exception, however, they proceed rather individually, in varying degrees... For one girl, it is impossible to take a piece of food into her mouth, because everything "asks back", while the other feels only a slight and not very noticeable nausea. For some poor fellows, toxicosis can be so severe that they need treatment in a hospital, under the supervision of a doctor. Fighting toxicosis is not a rewarding business, you need to endure and endure it. And by 12-14 weeks, the discomfort should go away on its own.
Swelling of the breast
It takes four weeks for swelling to occur. This, of course, is too noticeable that it cannot even be compared with what happens before the onset of menstruation in almost all women. The chest is capable of enlarging. Most women feel fullness in their breasts, and those who have already given birth say that this process resembles a rush of milk. Colostrum can be secreted from the mammary glands even at such a short time, although this does not happen often.
Elevated basal and body temperature
An increase may appear due to the action of the hormone progesterone. Average temperature in anus in women in position it is 37 degrees and above. Fever is a symptom that may be felt during the first few weeks. Although this process is unpleasant, it is temporary. The important point here is not to confuse it with an infection.
A frequent symptom is abundant and transparent discharge.
This is completely normal, a sign of conception and hormonal changes. But when in the early stages there is bloody and spotting, accompanied by a bad smell and suppuration, this is a completely different question. In this case, you need to go to an appointment with a gynecologist and carry out all the required tests. But do not panic over a couple of drops of blood or barely visible smearing secretions. At 2-3 weeks this happens, this is the norm, a consequence of the introduction of the egg of the fetus into the walls of the uterus.
Stomach ache- agree, the feelings are not pleasant, but you have no reason to worry if they are infrequent and irregular, and also do not cause discomfort.
Of course, do not think, these are not all the probable symptoms of pregnancy, but they are the most important. Of the secondary signs, one can single out: frequent urination decreased or improved appetite constant fatigue etc. The difficulty is that they are very individual, and can be observed even in non-pregnant women.
Errors can be made by both pregnancy tests and doctors during examination. Therefore, the most reliable way to find out is with a blood test and ultrasound ( Ultrasound).
Don't be scared, but you should know it. The likelihood of a miscarriage is highest at the beginning. The fetus has a variety of pathologies that are often incompatible with life, so in some cases it will not be possible to get away from this fate, sometimes it is not worth doing it ...
With more favorable cases you can always change everything in positive side if appropriate measures are taken in a timely manner.
- Increased tone of the uterus.
Infrequent, irregular, short-lived contractions of the muscles of the uterus are a normal option, but if you want to be sure that everything is fine, consult your doctor. Abdominal pain in the uterus is an acceptable occurrence for the first weeks of pregnancy. If the contractions become constant, intensified and can last for several minutes - not a very good sign, you should immediately notify your doctor. Delaying consultation can be unnecessarily dangerous, as reductions threaten to interrupt.
- Allocations.
Transparent and odorless is normal. Presence bad smell means the presence of infections or dysbiosis in the vagina. Provided that you consult a doctor in a timely manner for advice, everything will be cured simply and without unnecessary consequences. But bloody smears are much worse. Since menstruation is not typical for expectant mothers, blood in the vagina may indicate detachment of the placenta, and this is the risk of termination of pregnancy. You cannot do without an ambulance if your stomach also hurts and the temperature rises above 37 degrees.
- Frequent urination.
We warn you right away that most girls and women mistake frequent urination for a symptom. Indeed, in the early stages, most likely, this is a sign of inflammation or a sign of cystitis. Painful sensations usually accompany the process of urination with diseases of this kind.
Severe toxicosis, regular vomiting. As we already said, toxicosis can be different, and your main task is to learn to see the difference. If not a single meal is possible without vomiting, then you may be at risk of dehydration, so urgent treatment is simply necessary.
1 month of pregnancy - nutrition
A very important factor in the starting month. From correct diet a lot depends, the well-being of the future woman in labor and her long-awaited child. Lack of any vitamin and nutrients can have a bad effect on the development of the baby.
A woman who is preparing to become a mother should eat a little heavier than before. 300-350 kcal is an approximate dose for each meal. It should be borne in mind that priority is given to foods rich in protein, preferably vegetable origin, because animal proteins contribute to rapid weight gain. The average calorie intake is 2500 kcal / day.
Folic acid is at the top of the list of essential vitamins.
In pregnant women, the need for vitamin B9 is 2 times higher than in common man, that is, equal to 400 mcg per day. It is difficult to get the dose you need from food alone. Only vegetarians need not experience a similar problem with its disadvantage, because they always have products in which it is included, and for us it is sometimes an impossible task, especially in winter. You should start taking pills at the planning stage. Do not under any circumstances stop taking. This acid is needed so that the baby does not have any pathologies. The dose to be taken is selected strictly individually. Above the norm, it may be in those who have already experienced miscarriages before.
Do you think it is possible for a woman in a position to eat whatever her heart desires? Or are there any restrictions?
The nutrition recommended for expectant mothers differs in each trimester. Good and varied food - important factors for the first trimester. A lot of calcium - necessary condition nutrition in the third trimester, because it is then that the child has an urgent need for it. The consequences of a lack of calcium for the expectant mother can be: damage to teeth, crumbling of nails and hair, because what the baby lacks is taken from the mother's body. An important point - the mother should not get better, as this has a bad effect on the bearing of the child.
We don't know if you know, but now your lifestyle, diet, habits - everything affects the condition of the baby. Nicotine and alcoholic drinks- terrible habits that you should get rid of immediately if you do not want to harm your child. There is a legend around the world that getting rid of nicotine addiction while waiting for a child is a harmful idea. So, if you've heard that, don't believe a single word, it's all a lie. The implementation of this idea is always useful in any situation, and it is also very simple, since a woman in a position is undergoing a restructuring of her body. Thanks to hormones, all women's personal needs fade into the background, the main thing is the child. To pick up an infection or a virus is as easy as shelling pears, because the immunity of a pregnant woman is significantly weakened. Therefore, you should protect yourself from all possible sources of infection at the maximum level: use public transport less often and do not stay in places where there are always a lot of people. Good remedy is oxolinic ointment: thanks to the lubrication of the nose in winter and in the off-season, during an epidemic of SARS and influenza, you can increase the percentage of your protection. In no case do not self-medicate, and always warn the doctor about your situation. After all, many drugs it is forbidden to use for expectant mothers, as well as fluorography, for example. Many medicines have toxic properties that can be harmful to the baby. That is why the doctor prescribing your treatment should be made aware of your condition and enviable position. And, of course, psychological comfort is very important. Don't worry, don't listen to anyone who tells nightmares about pregnancy and childbirth. You need to sleep more, rest and gain strength. Despite the fact that at first the stomach is not visible - inside, in any case, it grows Small child, and his health and feelings are as important as the well-being of the expectant mother.
This is a kind of phantom period, which is characterized by a process taking place in female body every month. The first week of pregnancy stands out rather theoretically, because at this time even regular periods are possible. The embryo is not yet present, that is, in fact, pregnancy does not exist yet. The fruit is formed much later.
Symptoms this week are due only to the woman's fears or the desire to get pregnant. There can be no physiological manifestations or specific sensations. Stomach ache, menstrual flow – normal phenomena for the beginning of menstruation.
Dangers
Every woman, even if she is not planning a pregnancy, should be aware of the dangers that lie in wait for her in this process... The body will change immediately after conception. This may be completely imperceptible, but nevertheless, you should monitor your health more carefully.
Most dangerous period falls on the first week of pregnancy. At this moment, the most destructive for the embryo is medical intervention or drug exposure.
Before a planned pregnancy, you must visit a gynecologist in mandatory... It will help determine whether the body is ready for conception and indicate what dangers may be encountered at the very beginning of the path to achieving the goal. If the pregnancy was not planned in advance and the state of health is not ideal, the doctor may prescribe treatment. At an early stage, it is worthwhile to devote maximum time to the consultation and supervision of a specialist.
The first week after conception is the most dangerous and in many cases does not lead to the attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus. At the same time, a woman may not at all notice the presence of a miscarriage at such an early stage and never find out that she was pregnant. If you experience profuse bleeding, not associated with menstruation, or severe pain in the lower abdomen, you should immediately seek medical attention.
Stomach ache
Stomach pain in the first week after conception can be completely harmless. To determine whether they are dangerous, it is worth familiarizing yourself with their characteristics. As mentioned earlier, in the first seven days after fertilization, the egg moves towards the uterus and attaches to its walls. Actively acting sex hormones affect the increase in the volume and number of muscle fibers of the uterus, as a result of which it expands. It is located on the pelvic ligaments, which are slightly stretched during this period.
The above changes in the body are accompanied by sensations that depend on the sensitivity of the expectant mother. Some women may feel absolutely nothing at this moment. But more sensitive girls have significant pulling pains lower abdomen. The embryo implantation process can also be accompanied by short-term pain. They cannot be significant, therefore women most often do not feel anything unusual during this period.
If a pregnant woman feels significant pain in the lower abdomen after the embryo is inserted into the uterine wall, this can become an alarming sign. It is worth contacting a doctor and undergoing the necessary examination.
What do we have to do
Every girl, faced with pregnancy for the first time, is in some confusion. If this was not planned in advance, most likely, the onset of pregnancy will be indicated by the onset of a delay in menstruation. It is impossible to accurately determine the success of conception immediately after fertilization of the egg, even with the most reliable tests and analyzes. Therefore, it is worth doing this in the first week.
Assuming the onset of pregnancy, it is necessary to radically change the way of life. It is advisable to do this at least six months before conception, but if this has not been done, you should immediately get down to business. First of all, you need to accurately determine the presence of pregnancy and be examined by a doctor. At this moment, important analyzes are passed and useful knowledge is acquired.
Do not despair, let alone be nervous. In the first week of pregnancy, there are many useful information, do gymnastics for expectant mothers and change your diet. It is best to spend time for your own pleasure and receive pleasant experience... But you should not relax, because this moment is the most responsible and will play the main role v correct development baby. Adhering perfectly simple rules, you can ensure a safe course of the entire pregnancy.
What does the belly look like?
In the first week of pregnancy, the abdomen practically does not change in size. The photo shows that there are no changes.
Belly photo
Most often, in the first month of pregnancy, a woman does not suspect what she wears under her heart. little man... During this period does not occur obvious changes in the body of the expectant mother. However, there are signs that make it possible to recognize pregnancy as early as the first month. What you need to know and what happens during this period. How the fetus develops and what it experiences future mother.
The entire pregnancy is divided into three periods - trimesters. The first trimester lasts 13 weeks, the second - 14-26 weeks and the third - from 27 weeks until delivery. When calculating the term, concepts such as obstetric week and obstetric month are used. Such a definition is necessary for the convenience of calculating the timing of pregnancy. Obstetric week consists of seven days. An obstetric month is equal to 4 weeks. The first obstetric month of pregnancy is counted from the first day of the last menstrual period.
How many weeks are in the first month of pregnancy? A permanent unit was found - a week, which lasts seven days. This choice was made in order to make it easier to track the development of the baby. Thus, one month of pregnancy is only 4 weeks old.
What happens in the first month of pregnancy
Let's take a look at what happens in the first month of pregnancy: The fertilized egg begins to divide rapidly. After seven days, the embryo will look like a small ball filled with water. It moves along the fallopian tube towards the uterus. Having reached it, the embryo attaches to the wall with the help of villi. Placenta formation begins. With its help, the fetus will receive all the necessary nutrients from the mother's body. Together with that development is underway umbilical cord and neural tube... Vital organs and systems are being laid. Respiratory, digestive, circulatory, nervous and excretory system... During this period, the fetus has a heartbeat. The brain is forming. The size of the fetus in the first month of pregnancy is 4 millimeters. It can be compared to the size of a grain of rice. The embryo can be divided into two sections: head and abdominal. The fetal body is asymmetrical. This is what a baby looks like in the first month of pregnancy.
Determining exactly how much the fetus will move in the first month of pregnancy is quite problematic. Each woman will have her own figures and depend on the following factors:
- what is the number of pregnancies
- during the first pregnancy, movements are felt at about 19 weeks. With the second - at 17 weeks;
- fetal position;
- the constitution of a pregnant woman;
- activity of the expectant mother
At high motor activity the chance to feel the baby's weak jolts is significantly reduced.
What does the belly look like in the first month of pregnancy
Does the belly grow in the first month of pregnancy? Is the belly visible in the first month of pregnancy? These are some of the most issues of concern expectant mothers. Visually, no changes have occurred yet. Everything important processes go gradually, and therefore in the first month of pregnancy, the belly grows slowly. And it becomes visible only by the 4th month.
What a woman feels in the first month of pregnancy
The main signs at 1 month of pregnancy after conception are hormonal disruptions and physiological changes. They are aimed at preparing female body to bearing a fetus and childbirth.
TO physiological changes can be attributed:
- Termination of the menstrual cycle.
- Another sign of pregnancy is periodic sensation heaviness in the lower abdomen.
- A drastic change in taste.
- The breasts are swollen and appear painful sensations in the nipple area.
From the moment of conception, hormonal changes occur in a woman's body:
- The lining of the uterus thickens to accommodate a fertilized egg.
- Reduction of smooth muscle tone by the hormone progesterone.
- Enlargement of the mammary glands due to the large amount of the hormone progesterone secreted.
- Hormone is formed chorionic gonadotropin that stimulates the production of progesterone.
The first month of pregnancy: symptoms and sensations
Let's consider in more detail what a woman feels in the first month of pregnancy. Despite the fact that the fact of conception has already taken place, there are no obvious visible changes so far. Therefore, the sensations in the first month of pregnancy will at first resemble the sensations inherent in ordinary days menses.
Symptoms in the first month of pregnancy:
- 1. Small brown discharge a week before the expected start of the cycle. Appear at the time of attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus. Not everyone may have these signs of pregnancy.
- Increased basal temperature. Measured in the morning at rest. It can be measured under the armpit, in the mouth, or rectally. A sign of pregnancy will be its increase to 37.2 degrees. Then the basal temperature decreases, and then reaches 37 degrees again.
- Drowsiness, fast fatiguability... Arise due to restructuring hormonal background... The main reason for this is a decrease in blood pressure.
- Toxicosis in the first half of pregnancy. Feeling of nausea, vomiting, odor intolerance are some of the first signs of pregnancy.
- Feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
- Breast tenderness and enlargement. Associated with an increase in progesterone. Preparation in progress to breastfeeding.
Thus, symptoms and sensations in the first month of pregnancy will be mostly relative. To confirm the signs of pregnancy that have appeared, you need to see a doctor.
In the first month of pregnancy, the formation and maturation of an egg occurs, which is the carrier of 23 maternal chromosomes. After about 2 weeks, the mature egg is released into the fallopian tube (fallopian), where it is waiting for a meeting with that single sperm - the carrier of 23 father's chromosomes, which will give rise to a new life. At this time, the inner layer of the uterus thickens, becomes covered with a network of blood vessels, preparing the "soil" for the fertilized egg to attach to the uterus.
As a rule, fertilization occurs during the third week. After the nuclei come into contact and the membranes of the sperm and egg cells dissolve, all 46 chromosomes merge, and they are divided into pairs. From now on everything physical characteristics and the signs of the new man are defined. And only one 23rd pair of chromosomes determines the sex of the unborn child. The result of this historic meeting, the sperm and the egg, is the zygote - the progenitor of all the cells and organs of the future baby. Zygote begins proactively share, while still traveling through the fallopian tube, on the way to the womb. Approximately 72 hours after fertilization, the fetus already has 32 cells. In this form, it will begin to attach to the uterine cavity. The size of the fetus in the first month of pregnancy by the 3rd week will reach 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter, the number of cells will be 250, and outwardly the unborn child looks like a hollow ball.
By the end of the 3rd week of the term, the fertilized egg is implanted into the soft wall of the uterus. Once it attaches securely, you can safely say that conception has taken place, and you are officially pregnant!
The first month of pregnancy ends with the fact that the ovum turns into an embryo. Now your bloodstream looks more like a flat disc, consisting of layers of leaves, which will soon be transformed into organs and systems.
- Symptoms andsensations in the first month of pregnancy
1. Delayed menstruation. Months in the first month of pregnancy, as well as in the next nine, should be absent. A delay in menstruation in a woman who is sexually active without reliable protection is most often a symptom of the onset of pregnancy. However, the delay may have other reasons that are not related to pregnancy, for example: a banal cold, stress, exacerbation of some chronic illness, pathology of the ovaries or thyroid gland, etc.
2. Toxicosis. V the first month of pregnancy, the signs of an interesting situation are precisely the sensations of nausea and vomiting. These symptoms are common in many women, but to varying degrees. Someone feels a slight nausea before breakfast, and someone "sends out" everything eaten or drunk, toxicosis can be so severe that hospital treatment is required. Defeat toxicosis - the prospect is dubious, you need to endure it, and, if possible, ease it. Usually, such feelings of discomfort disappear by 12-14 weeks of the term.
3. Engorgement of the mammary glands. V the first month of pregnancy, swelling and engorgement of the breast occurs. And so noticeable that it is incomparable with the situation typical of almost everyone before the onset of menstruation. The breasts may enlarge, become "full". In the first month of pregnancy, the majority of women experience a feeling of fullness in the mammary glands; multiparous describe that this feeling is similar to a rush of milk. Sometimes, already at such an early stage, colostrum may be released from the breast a little.
4. Elevated basal and body temperature. This is due to the action of the hormone progesterone. Usually (in the anus) above 37 degrees. Fever may also be felt during the first weeks. Of course, unpleasant phenomenon but temporary. The main thing is not to confuse it with an infection or exacerbation of some kind of chronic disease.
5. Discharge in the first month of pregnancy is often abundant and transparent. It is also a characteristic sign of conception associated with hormonal changes in the body - a normal phenomenon. Another thing is when there are bloody spotting in the first month of pregnancy, or with an admixture of pus and unpleasant odor- in this case, you should definitely go to the gynecologist and take smears for analysis. A couple of drops of blood or barely noticeable spotting in the second or third week may be the norm, as a result of the introduction of the ovum into the uterus.
6. It happens that in the first month of pregnancy, the stomach hurts. These sensations are unpleasant, but if they do not cause much discomfort, are not frequent and not regular, then you have no reason to worry.
This is definitely not all possible signs and the symptoms of the onset of pregnancy, but the main ones. There may also be a loss or, on the contrary, an increase in appetite, increased urination, fatigue, etc. But these signs are considered to be individual, they can be observed in very sensitive non-pregnant women.
It is possible to accurately determine pregnancy in the first month only with the help of a blood test for hCG and ultrasound. Pregnancy tests are often mistaken at such an early stage, however, as doctors do when examining.
- Possible pathologies
The first months are the most dangerous miscarriages. In some cases, it will not be possible to avoid this, and, perhaps, it is not worth it ... chromosomal or other pathologies in the fetus are often not compatible with life. In other cases, it is not difficult to change the situation for the better if measures are taken in time.
1. Hypertonicity of the uterus. Separately taken contractions of the muscles of the uterus, short, infrequent may well be a variant of the norm, but for own peace of mind be sure to inform your doctor about the tone of the uterus. It is also normal if in the first month of pregnancy there is a stomach ache in the uterus. But if uterine contractions began to disturb regularly, became more intense and last for several minutes - be sure to see a doctor. They can threaten to terminate the pregnancy.
2. Allocations. Normally, the discharge should be clear and odorless. An unpleasant odor may indicate infection or vaginal dysbiosis. It is easily and without consequences treated if you consult a doctor in a timely manner. Bloody spotting in the first month of pregnancy is much more dangerous. Monthly periods in expectant mothers do not go, and blood from the vagina, as a rule, indicates placental abruption, which threatens spontaneous interruption pregnancy. If, at the same time, the stomach also hurts, and the body temperature has risen above 37, we recommend calling an ambulance.
3. Frequent urination. Many women mistakenly believe that frequent urination is a sign of pregnancy. But in the early stages it rather a sign diseases of the urinary system, often inflammation Bladder, cystitis. Urination with this disease is usually painful.
4. Severe toxicosis, frequent vomiting. Toxicosis, as you already know, is different and it is important to understand this difference. If the food is not digested at all, vomiting occurs after every meal or drink, the pregnant woman needs urgent treatment to avoid dehydration.
- Nutrition
.jpg)
Nutrition in the first month is an extremely important component on which a lot depends. Lack in the early stages of any nutrients, can have a very negative effect on the development of the embryo.
The expectant mother should eat a little denser than before pregnancy. About 300 kcal per day. At the same time, the diet should be dominated by protein food but preferably not animal proteins and fats, as they lead to unwanted rapid weight gain. Average daily rate the expectant mother should be 2500 kcal.
Among the vitamins, it is especially necessary to highlight. The need for vitamin B9 in expectant mothers is 2 times greater than that of an ordinary person- at least 400 mcg daily. Getting that much vitamin from food can be tricky. At the same time, folic acid is not lacking, except for vegetarians, since it is found in green salad, peas, parsley, etc. - in products that are not on the table every day, especially in winter. Therefore, doctors recommend taking pills folic acid, more (2-3 months before conception), and even more so in the early stages. You need to continue taking the vitamin throughout the first half of pregnancy. It is necessary to prevent pathologies of the neural tube of the fetus and other pathologies of the child's development. selected individually. For women who have previously had miscarriages, the dosage is large.
The recommended food for the expectant mother differs slightly in different trimesters... For example, in the first trimester of pregnancy, it is important to have a varied, rich fresh products, sufficient and even plentiful food. In the third trimester, food containing a large amount of calcium is needed, since the child especially needs it at this time, development occurs skeletal system... If there is a lack of calcium, the baby will take its own from the reserves of the mother's body, from which her teeth will begin to deteriorate, nails and hair will crumble. It is also important for the mother not to gain weight above normal, since obesity negatively affects gestation.
- What else do you need to know?
It is time for every mother-to-be to realize that her lifestyle, her habits and nutrition, affect the health of her future baby. Therefore, you should get rid of at least especially dangerous habits, "poisonous" for the child, such as smoking and drinking alcohol in any form and quantity. There is a widespread myth that it is harmful to quit smoking during pregnancy - this is not true. Quitting smoking is always useful for everyone, but now it is also easy - the body is rebuilt to new way, the psyche is stimulating. In the early stages, thanks to hormones in the brain, the so-called "dominant of pregnancy" is formed, pushing all the needs of a woman into the background.
A potentially dangerous diet should now be discarded. Potentially dangerous, and simply useless food include: semi-finished products, fried pies, fast food, etc.
All pregnant women have reduced immunity, and it is very easy to catch all kinds of infections. Therefore, it is necessary to protect yourself as much as possible from potential sources of infection. Try to use less often by public transport and visit places large congestion of people. Try to get used to using oxolinic ointment, lubricating the nasal cavity with it in winter and in the off-season, during the raging ARVI and flu.
If any treatment is required, do not do it yourself, notify any doctor about the pregnancy. For example, fluorography is contraindicated for future mothers, and many are prohibited. medicines... Some drugs are generally toxic to the fetus, and can threaten him with death. Therefore, any drugs and procedures should be prescribed by a doctor who is aware of the patient's condition and position.
And, of course, do not forget about psychological comfort... Try to worry less, read and listen less. horror stories about pregnancy and childbirth. Sleep well, rest, gain strength. It doesn't matter that the belly in the first month of pregnancy is completely invisible, it is important that a tiny baby develops inside and feels the same as the mother.
Have a pleasant and easy pregnancy!
Yana Lagidna, specially for MyMom . ru
1 monthpregnancy, video: