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Navruz-bairam is a holiday of spring! Traditions of the celebration of Navruz. Navruz: the history and traditions of the most ancient holiday of spring When is Navruz Bayram in the year

Whoever misses the New Year holidays may not despair - literally one of these days another New Year will come, this time Persian, which is called Nowruz. This is the holiday of the new year according to the astronomical solar calendar among the Iranian and Turkic peoples.

When is Nowruz celebrated?

Nowruz celebrated on the spring equinox March 21. Other names of the holiday are Novruz (such an option is offered, for example, by Wikipedia), Nauroz, Nauryz, Navrez. It means "new day" in Persian. March 21 is also celebrated International Day of Navruz because this holiday, one of the oldest, is recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of mankind.

Who celebrates Navruz, and in which countries is it banned

It's not all that simple. The fact is that this holiday has nothing to do with Islam - it is much older and is a national tradition of the Iranian and Turkic peoples. Officially, Navruz began to be celebrated from the 4th century BC. followers of Zoroastrianism in the Achaemenid Empire, founded by this Persian dynasty in Asia and part of Europe, and which stretched from the Indus River in the east to the Aegean Sea in the west, and from the first threshold of the Nile in the south to Transcaucasia in the north. After the Islamization of the Middle East, they did not stop celebrating Navruz, but they celebrate it only by representatives of the peoples who lived here before the arrival of the Arabs, before the spread of Islam and the emergence of the Arab Caliphate.

The Arabs themselves do not celebrate Navruz. In Turkey, the official celebration of Nowruz was banned from 1925 to 1991. In Syria, this holiday is still banned.

Now Navruz is a public holiday in Turkey, Iran, India, Pakistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, some other countries and certain regions of the Russian Federation.


Meaning of Navruz holiday

Navruz appeared more than three thousand years ago as a holiday of agriculture, its origin is associated with the emergence of the agricultural calendar, which depended on the spring equinox. The history of the origin of the holiday is not exactly known. According to Persian mythology, a hero was buried on this day. Siyavush, killed by a turan Afrasiyab. Also, the holiday is associated with the worship of the spirits of the deceased ancestors, which was later reflected in Zoroastrianism, which in ancient times was the official religion of Iran. Navruz became one of the seven main holidays of the Zoroastrians, it coincided with the end of winter and the threshold of spring and passed into the feast of commemoration of the souls of ancestors. Also, this holiday was associated with the cult of fire, which the ancient Zoroastrians considered the life force and worshiped.


Navruz traditions

The traditions of Navruz also came to us from antiquity, they symbolize renewal and entry into a “new” life. Before the holiday, you need to pay off all debts, clean the house and around it, and also prepare special holiday dishes.

This happens according to a special ritual, which includes the compilation of haft-sin and haft-shin-a. Haft-sin consists of seven elements, whose names begin with the letter "C" in the Persian alphabet. Haft-shin also consists of seven elements, whose names begin with the letter "SH" in the Persian alphabet. This is the famous sumalak (a dish of sprouted wheat), sipand, sirke (vinegar), semeni, sabzi (greens) and some other products, mainly of plant origin.

It is also customary to put a mirror, candles and colored eggs on the table. These items have a symbolic meaning: a candle is a fire that protects a person from evil spirits. The egg and the mirror symbolize the end of the old year and the beginning of the new.


How sumalak is prepared

The most famous dish of Navruz sumalak made from sprouted grains of wheat, which are ground and then boiled in a large cauldron in cottonseed oil with the addition of flour for almost a day. Sumalak should be prepared with songs, dances and cheerful choruses. Small stones are added to the cauldron during cooking so that the dish does not burn. Anyone who gets such a pebble on a plate can make the most secret wish, it is believed that it will come true. Sumalak is eaten chilled. It is believed that this ritual dish gives people physical and spiritual strength.

Congratulations on Navruz

Here are several options for poetic congratulations on Navruz, which can be sent to those who celebrate this holiday.

Navruz Bayram we celebrate

Navruz comes to every home,

Today we celebrate spring

With her drop and warmth!

May this holiday be merry

Happiness, joy will bring you,

And sumalak is in every house

Waiting for his beloved guests!

I send you friends

Congratulations on Navruz.

Let Navruz come to you

With a very valuable, good cargo!

That load is rich with joy,

And love and patience

And great friends

And good mood!

Wealth and skill

Let put in this load

The kindest, most glorious,

Our good holiday - Navruz!

Navruz - Eastern New Year,

It is celebrated in March.

On this day year after year

Winter meets spring!

And on this day, winter, sighing,

Gives up the road.

Spring, laughing in her back,

Comes into his own!

I congratulate you, friends,

Happy Nowruz, Happy New Year.

I wish you health

And a barrel of happiness with honey!

Federal News Agency joins in the congratulations.

Navruz holiday celebrated in the East March 21- v day of spring equinox when Nature wakes up naturally when day equals night and with each subsequent rotation wins a few minutes from her in favor of light, when a new round of renewal begins and a new solar year begins. Nature does not need to invent something specially, all her "holidays" are located at special points of the Annual circle - points of Power, when the Sun, Moon and all Nature have special qualities. On the day of the spring equinox, a new Sun is born and the Earth wakes up (no wonder Earth Day celebrated on March 21).

It is logical that in many cultures of the world to celebrate sun festival, heat, light and renewal was taken precisely on the day of the vernal equinox according to the astronomical solar calendar. For instance, March 21 in ancient pagan Russia it was customary to greet the New Sun (read New Life, New Year) its reduced copy: yellow, round and hot pancake! Now Maslenitsa holiday remained, but under the influence of Christianity it shifted in time and turned into a “seeing off winter”, although before it was a full-fledged New Year's holiday.

But the Iranian and Turkic peoples, despite the dominance of Islam, managed to defend their pre-Islamic spring and new year festival - Nowruz(from Persian "new day"). origins Navruz holiday are rooted in the pre-literate era of human history, when the farmers had just begun to emerge sun worship. The official status of a religious holiday of Zoroastrianism Nowruz acquired in the Achaemenid Empire around 648-330. BC e.

Currently Nowruz widely celebrated as the beginning New Year in Iran and Afghanistan, as a public holiday - in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Albania, Iraqi Kurdistan, India, Macedonia, Turkey; and also in the south of Russia: in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan.
Navruz Celebration Traditions remained virtually unchanged throughout its centuries-old history. They carefully prepare for the holiday in advance: they arrange a general cleaning in houses, yards and streets, be sure to wash all available clothes, and pay off debts. On the eve of the holiday, before sunrise, it is necessary to complete all preparatory chores: cooking festive dishes, house cleaning and decoration of rooms with flowering tree branches.

The most important day of the holiday is the first, March 21. On this day it is customary to cover festive table and treat all acquaintances, neighbors and everyone you meet with “New Year's” dishes, the main of which are khalisa and sumalak(they are prepared only once a year - for Navruz). Khalisa is prepared from seven types of cereals with the addition of meat, and everything is boiled to a state of homogeneous mass. A sumalak It is prepared from sprouted wheat grains with the addition of flour and sugar. They begin to prepare these complex dishes on the eve of the holiday. All women of a large family, community (in modern conditions of high-rise buildings - neighbors) gather at large boilers and stir the dish all night long so that it does not burn on a wood fire. Often, a handful of small stones are placed at the bottom of the cauldron, not as a seasoning, of course, but so that when stirring it is better to grind and not burn thick ritual dish. It is believed that if someone accidentally gets a "lucky" stone, then he will definitely be lucky in the New Year. So that the long and laborious process by the fire does not turn into a tedious duty, it is accompanied by music, songs and dances, thereby starting a cheerful meeting of the New Day. And in the morning, each woman will take home her share of the common cauldron.

Traditional ritual in Navruz is composing haft sina. There should be seven (haft) products on the table, the names of which begin with the letter "sin" of the Persian alphabet: rue seeds - sipand, apple - seb, black bones - siahdane, wild olive - sanjid, vinegar - sirke, garlic - sir and sprouted grain - sabzi.

To Navruz festive table must decorate dishes symbolizing rebirth and new life: germinated wheat grains, boiled eggs, a glass of water with live fish. In addition, pilaf, shurpa, boiled lamb and Kok-samsa(patties stuffed with young greens). And in general, the more various dishes and sweets will be on festive dastarkhan the more prosperous and fruitful the coming year will be.

In the next thirteen holidays, it is customary to visit each other, visit elderly neighbors and relatives, arrange fun festivities, holiday markets and sports, as well as plant young tree seedlings and start field work. The first furrow in the New Year, following old rite, holds the oldest and most respected member of the community. Be sure these days you should receive the blessing of elders, parents, mentors. It is believed that as a person spends the days of the celebration of Navruz, so he will spend the whole next year. In addition, people remember another ancient legend: in the days of Navruz, angels descend to earth, which bring good and prosperity to people, but they only enter the house where peace and harmony reign. That is why people try to forgive each other's debts, forget about enmity and resentment. As the folk legend says, it is very important who will be the first guest in the house: on the first day of the New Year, everyone is certainly waiting for a kind and honest person who brings good news and good luck.

And it's not entirely clear: Nowruz does it act like this, or does the Sun finally come into its own, but these days people really become kinder and brighter, every soul rushes to its true roots, to nature, rejoices in every green blade of grass and crawled out an insect, in a word - with all its heart loves life and his own, and that New one that blooms around.
Is not it Magic?..

The traditional celebration of Navruz takes place in the second decade of March. This is an ancient holiday of the Turkic peoples. Symbolizes the awakening and the beginning of the New Year. Official holiday in some countries. How is Nowruz celebrated? Events and traditions.

On the day of the spring equinox, Navruz is celebrated - the holiday of spring or the Eastern (Persian) New Year. In Farsi, its name means "new day". With the advent of spring, warm days come, nature wakes up and begins to change its decorations. Navruz symbolizes the revival of nature, the triumph of life, hopes for a generous harvest year.

One of the main symbols of Navruz is now considered sprouted wheat sprouts, which are tied with a red ribbon. Beautiful vases with such sprouts traditionally decorate holiday tables, houses and gardens of those who celebrate. Of course, some nuances of rituals and preparations may differ from people to people, but everyone who celebrates it does not work these days, congratulate each other on the beginning of the New Year, eat festive treats and have fun. Festive dishes for the table include seven elements, whose names begin with the letter "C" of the Persian alphabet. Traditionally, it is customary to put painted eggs, candles and a mirror on the table. The egg and the mirror are symbols of the end of the old and the beginning of the new year. Candles symbolize fire, protecting a person from evil forces.

The holiday is celebrated on March 21 in Iran, the republics of Central Asia and Transcaucasia, March 22 in Kazakhstan. Since 2010, this Day has become an official international event - International Day of Nowruz and entered the calendar holidays of the UN. By the decision of the General Assembly, on the initiative of Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Iran and Albania, India and Afghanistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan, Navruz holiday was assigned to March 21 (UN General Assembly Resolution No. A / RES / 64/253) .

The spring New Year's holiday of the equinox - Navruz, having arisen in Khorasan more than 3000 years ago, almost simultaneously with the emergence of agriculture, spread to all neighboring countries.

The roots of Navruz go back to Zoroastrianism. Navruz is the oldest agricultural holiday, its origin is associated with the emergence of the agricultural calendar. Firdousi and Omar Khayyam, who served at the court of the Turkmen king Melik Shah, connected the emergence of Navruz with the names of the legendary kings Jemshid, Kayumurs and others. For the first time the holiday was mentioned in the book of fire-worshippers "Avesta". It says that this is a celebration of the birth of life on earth and its victory over death. All living things, according to that book, appeared on this day in 6 forms: fire, water, earth, plants, animals and people. According to an ancient custom, before the onset of Navruz, people must clean up their houses and around, pay off their debts.

Round cakes made from wheat, barley, millet, corn, beans, peas, lentils, rice, sesame and beans are placed on the festive table. In Navruz, dishes are prepared, mainly vegetable products, the most famous holiday dish is sumalak - a dish of germinated wheat germ.

Navruz Bayram is an ancient holiday celebrated by residents of many Asian countries and a number of regions of Russia. Its date is the twenty-first of March. This is the spring equinox. In addition, according to the astronomical solar calendar, which is officially used in Afghanistan and Iran, Nowruz Bayram is the first day of the new year.

The holiday is celebrated in the spring. It symbolizes the renewal of man and nature. Navruz is translated from Farsi as "new day".

History of occurrence

Navruz Bayram is one of the oldest holidays that existed in the history of mankind. In Persia (modern Iran), as well as in Central Asia, it began to be celebrated a very long time ago, even before the seventh century BC. Due to the deep historical roots of the holiday, its exact origin is unknown.

The traditions of Navruz are associated with the name of the founder of the religion of Zoroastrianism, the prophet Zarathustra, as well as with the cult of fire and the Sun. The most ancient source where this holiday is mentioned is the holy scripture of Zoroastrianism Avesta. It is in it that it is said that in the spring it is necessary to celebrate the appearance of life.

The holiday of Navruz Bayram is also associated with the reign of Shah Jamshid. The poets sang this legendary ruler in the Shahnameh poem. It is also believed that it was on this day that the hero Siyavush, who was killed by the Turanian Afrasiyab, was buried.

Turkic legends also talk about the holiday. They mention this day as the date of the appearance of the Turkic people from the mythical place of Altai - Ergenekon.

The peoples of Afghanistan and Iran celebrate this day most brightly and widely. According to the official calendars of these countries, with his advent, a new year begins.

At the same time Navruz is a holiday of spring. It is on March 21 that the length of the day becomes equal to the night, and then gradually overtakes it. Spring is finally coming into its own. This holiday marks the beginning of the field harvest, which is the care and hope of farmers. That is why Navruz Bayram is a celebration not only of the beginning of the new year, but also of agricultural work.

This day is celebrated in Tajikistan and Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan, Turkey and India, Macedonia and Albania, Kyrgyzstan and in certain regions of the Russian Federation (Bashkiria and the North Caucasus, Tatarstan and Crimea). In Arab countries, the spring equinox is not celebrated.

Timing

Spring rituals are celebrated according to the solar calendar, which is called the ancient Iranian (shamsi). In it, the first days of each month coincide with the new moons. At the same time, these dates are shifted by ten to eleven days every year. The holiday begins when the solar disk enters the constellation Aries. Previously, this moment was determined by astrologers - munadgizhims - people of a very revered profession in the East. At present, this event is calculated by astronomers and indicated on the calendar with an accuracy of up to a minute. In addition, this moment is announced on television and radio.

In Afghanistan and Iran, Navruz Bayram is an official holiday. At the same time, the first five days of the new year, as well as the thirteenth, are non-working. In other countries Navruz is a folk festival. However, in essence, it is the same everywhere. This is the day of the solemn and joyful meeting of spring.


The traditions of celebrating the vernal equinox vary only slightly from one country to another, as well as from region to region. The inhabitants of different states pronounce its names a little differently. So, in Iran it is Nouruz, in Afghanistan - Novruz, in Iran and Turkey - Nevruz.

This holiday has a significant difference from our New Year. It is celebrated not at night, but in the light of day. However, like ours, this is a family event. When the solemn moment comes, everyone should be at home at the festive table. The whole family certainly gathers together to celebrate Navruz. Traditions provide for the presence on the festive table, in addition to dishes, of seven items. At the same time, their names must necessarily begin with the letter "s". Their list includes rue (sepand), sprouted grain greens (saben), garlic (syr), apples (sib), vinegar (serke), thyme (satar), wild olives (sinjid). In the middle of the table there is always a large loaf called sangak, there is also a vessel with water in which a green leaf floats, as well as plates on which colored eggs lie.

All dishes must certainly emphasize the agricultural orientation of the spring holiday. For example, an egg, greens and bread symbolize fertility.

The celebration of Navruz in the countryside begins with the laying of a furrow. At the same time, the most respected resident is behind the plow. He throws some grain into the first furrow. Only after this can all field work begin - harrowing, plowing, sowing, etc.

thirteenth day celebration

For Tajiks, Persians and Hazaras (the peoples of Afghanistan), this day is called "Sizdeh Bedar". In translation, this means "Thirteen at the gate." On this day, the townspeople visit gardens and parks, go out of the city in cheerful companies. Peasants go out into the groves and meadows. Sweets are brought to these picnics to make the year happy.

The main traditions of Navruz

Before the start of the new year, it is customary to arrange a general cleaning in the house, as well as update the wardrobe of all family members. Those who celebrate the holiday of Navruz Bayram, before the day of the spring equinox, must pay off all debts, forgive insults and make peace with ill-wishers.

According to the existing tradition, a fiery festival is arranged before the New Year. It goes on in a rather unusual way. On the last Tuesday of the outgoing year, bonfires are kindled in the streets. This happens after sunset. According to tradition, everyone jumps through the fire - children and adults.

During the celebration, there should be vases of flowers and candles, mirrors and fruits, as well as a variety of dishes, such as pilaf, on the table. According to the traditions of the Afghan people, a special compote called haftmeva is prepared for Navruz. It contains fruits of almonds and pistachios, light and dark raisins, walnuts and senjed. Kazakhs put a special dish on the festive table - nauryz kozhe. It also contains seven components: water and flour, meat and butter, milk and cereals, and salt. There are several recipes for this dish. In this regard, each hostess prepares it differently.

According to the existing tradition, during the celebration of the New Year, the dead are commemorated, and on the first days of Navruz, friends and parents are visited.

Traditionally, in early September, residents of the Russian capital celebrate the birthday of their beloved city.

City Day in Moscow in 2019(or, briefly, ) in accordance with Law No. 56 of September 22, 2004, may be appointed on the first or second Saturday in September, depending on the decision of the city authorities.

Earlier, the day of celebration of the Day of the capital of Russia was always the first Saturday of September.

However, after the tragic events in Beslan in 2004, the Day of Solidarity in the Fight against Terrorism was appointed on September 3, and a memorable date could also fall on Saturday. Carrying out festive events dedicated to the Day of Moscow, simultaneously with such a tragic date, of course, is unacceptable. Also, the first Saturday of autumn may coincide with September 1 (Knowledge Day), which remains a holiday and is an important date for the inhabitants of the Russian Federation. On September 1, many thematic festive events are traditionally planned throughout Moscow, which should not be combined with events dedicated to the celebration of the City Day in Moscow. In this regard, it was decided to officially fix the possibility of transferring the Day of the City of Moscow to the second Saturday of September.

When is City Day in Moscow in 2019:

Due to the existing uncertainty (the fact that the date of the celebration can be set both on the first and on the second Saturday of September), residents and guests of the capital are interested in the question When will Moscow Day be celebrated in 2019: September 7, 2019 or September 14, 2019.

Every year at the beginning of July, the Decree of the Government of Moscow is issued, which determines the date of the city day in the capital of Russia.

Before its release, it can be assumed that Moscow Day 2019 will be celebrated on the first Saturday of September - September 7, 2019.

That is, City Day in Moscow in 2019 will be celebrated by:
* September 7, 2019.