Designing "Gorka with a ladder". Reading the fairy tale "Goats and Wolf". Total height of stairs

Purpose: Teach children to use in their construction a diverse form. Develop a desire to communicate. Easy careful attitude towards building.

Material: 6 green cubes, dolls, matryoshki, cockerel.

Travel course:

A doll came to the guys, a doll, a cockerel. They walked around the kindergarten and saw a slide with the ladder and they also wanted the same. The educator offers children to build a slide. After the slide with the ladder built children beat their buildings.

Reading the fairy tale "Goats and Wolf".

Purpose: Help understand the content. Learn to answer as an educator. Develop memory. To raise empathy.

Travel course:

After reading the fairy tale, the tutor shows the image of the goat and asks: "Who is it? How much is a goat? " Then the image of the wolf, asks: "Who is it? How many wolves are depicted? "

Drawing "Watch" towels.

purpose: Teach children draw pattern - decorate towels. Develop perception, clearly - figurative thinking. Educate accuracy, cleanliness. (9.58)

Material: Rectangular sheets of paper (or wide stripes) of large-colored large format, brushes, gouache paints, napkins Paper and cloth, rope with clothespins for organizing the original exhibition of children's drawings, children's or doll clothing, toy bathtub or basque for "washing", towel for Studying form.

Travel course:

The educator highlights children's or puppet stuff on the rope and reads the poem of Lagzdin "Watch":

We put in the bath shirt for Annochka,

Dresser for moles,

Panties for rings,

Blouse - Marinochka,

Crafts for irry!

The educator shows children paper towels (sheets or wide stripes of white) with "dirty" stains (prints). He says that our toys have not yet learned to wash and gently eat - that's how you dirty your towels, they need to quickly wash. Lowers "dirty towels" in a toy bath or a basin, imitates washing, children

imitate. Removes other towels - beautiful, with patterns, and hangs on the rope, attaching decorative clothespins the rest of the things quickly removes (already dried) so that children do not dissipate attention. Asks, do you like these towels, what are they? (Clean, beautiful with patterns).

Tells white sheets of papers or broad stripes and offers to decorate with patterns - colored stripes to please dolls and bears.

He asks to decompose the "towels" on the table and spend horizontal lines on them with a dry tassel (this movement can be preparing in the air first). The teacher draws attention to the fact that the brush along the entire length of the towel (it starts here, it goes - goes - goes and here ends). Then suggests paint patterns. Children choose, the color of the paint at will draw horizontal strips.

Lrack "Bagels - Baranki".

purpose: Learning to roll the column and clog ring. Develop the perception of the shape and fine motor. Relieve interest in the modeling.

Material: Material for modeling - plasticine, salt dough, stacks, making, poppy, pencils, plastic plug or toothpick, rope at the educator, oilcloth, napkins for paper plants; Bunch of bubbles to show children, pyramid rings for form examination.

Travel course:

The teacher shows the children a bunch of landscape and tells Russian People's Pestechka "Ay Kachi - Kachi - Kachi!":

Ah, kachi - swing!

Looks - Baranki, Kalachi!

Looks - Baranki, Kalachi!

With heat, with heat from the furnace.

With the heat, with the heat of the furnace - all the blunders, hot.

Raised here gri

Pick up Kalachi.

We stayed Barochk!

The educator offers children bake for our toys a lot - a lot of rags and bagels. He asks to take into the hands of the rings from the pyramids, consider, cover the finger into the hole, lift up, twist the ring on the finger. Shows a bagel and a ring, suggests, compare (similar, with a hole in the middle, only ringlets of pyramids are colored, they can not be ease, and bagels are made of the dough, they can be ease).

The teacher then shows the column (cylinder), sprouting from plasticine (salt or duple test) and closes it into the ring (fixed movement). It makes one more - two bagels, that - would children remember movement, and draws to the rope. Shows children a bunch of edible bagels and a bundle with bagels from plasticine. It offers to make a lot of bagels to treat dolls.

Children ride columns, closed in the rings and draw out: dipped into the semolina, sprinkle with poppies, pour holes with toothpicks, plastic forks, cocktail tubes, pencils, put prints with caps or felt pen. As they read, it hits the products on the overall ligament.

The choice of shape and type of stairs in the house is directly dependent on the characteristics of the room, the installation location of the stairs and the location of the openings between the floors. It is not necessary to forget about, its compatibility with a common view of the room.

Starting the house, it is necessary to represent what stairs and in which places will be located. The design process includes several stages. To design a staircase in a private house, you need to calculate all its items:

• the main bearing parts are Kosomers and the Agreement;
• disposal;
• support racks of the entire staircase;
• retreats (provided that there is a closed type).

The main elements of the stairs to which it is worth paying attention to design.

Taking a project of stairs, except the main calculations it is necessary to take into account other many important questions:

1. The material from which the design will be constructed.
2. Steps must be made of material on which shoes will not slide. Or, on the entire width of the stage, a band is mounted that prevents slipping shoes.

   
   

   Outdoor stairs are often covered with carpet.

3. All steps must be the same as possible in size. The sizes of the height stages should not exceed 5 mm.
4. The load on the staircase should not exceed 220 kg, on the fence - 100 kg.
5. Stages must necessarily be with opposings, if in the future it is planned to use free space under the staircase.

   

   An example of effective use of space under the staircase.

6. When designing the stairs, consider the presence of doors on the turntables and where they open.

Starting the project of the stairs in the house, the following factors should also be taken into account:

• comfortable and safe shape and height of the rail;
• depth and height of steps;
• ease of use and reliability of the whole design.

The design of screw stairs has some features, since it needs to still determine the direction of movement.

1. counterclockwise. 2. clockwise.

Calculation of an angle of lifting

The safety of the design can be directly associated with an angle of lifting, which is defined as the ratio between the height and depth of the stage. The angle of inclination can be calculated graphically, having the data on the height of the ceiling of the room and the design site of the structure. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the average biological parameters of a person: the height of the rise of the feet and the size of the step. The average height of the human foot lift is about 31 cm, and the step size is 63 cm. To calculate the convenience of steps, apply the rule calculation rule: 2 a + b \u003d 63 cm, where a is the height of the stage, B - the depth of sticking.

Calculation of the middle step of an adult.

It is if necessary, if necessary, to determine the angle of inclination of the staircase march. But this formula cannot be universal for all calculation options. If necessary, make a coolest or more common design in the house, the sticky will turn out or very narrow, or very deep. In this case, the formula is used to calculate: a + b \u003d 46 cm. This formula is used for structures that have either steep or gentle rise. The staircase with a steep rise will have a large angle of inclination and a small depth of the stage, the canopy will be with a smaller angle of inclination and a large depth of the stage. Alternative method for calculating steps (first part) Alternative method for calculating steps (first part) The recommended angle of inclination lies within 30 to 45 degrees. Convenient are stairs that have risers with a height of 14 to 17 centimeters and sticking out the depth of 34 to 37 cm.

An example of a comfortable staircase

Width and height of stairs march

The width of the staircase in a private house is determined from how many people will use it at the same time. Useful width is the distance between the inner edges of the fences or the distance from the wall to the inside of the fence. For the movement of one person, a design with a march width is from 90 to 100 cm. If the staircase will go counter movement or the need to carry large-sized things, then useful width increases.

The height of the passage should ensure the safe movement of people. The passage of the passage is considered the vertical distance from the top edge of the sticky and the lower edge of the upper structure, which can be the ceiling or the top level of the staircase march. Regulatory documents determine this distance of at least 2 meters, and for high comfort houses in 2.1 meters. Sometimes it happens that these distances are not enough, since during the descent a person involuntarily leans forward and can be injured.

Swivel

An important role in the design of stairs in a private house plays the calculation of the dimensions of the turntable. The playground can be straight, with reversals by 90, 180 and 360 degrees depending on the shape of the stairs. The turntable can be designed if necessary, while the staircase span between the venues should have no more than 15 stages. The width of the site should be in size the same with a width of a staircase march. The length is calculated based on the free area.

It is important to make a length commensurate with the size of a person's step to provide convenient movement on the site. The minimum length should coincide with the size of the stairs step and be at least 1 meter. When calculating the site to the length of a person's step, a sticky width is added according to the formula:

M pl \u003d M + A, or

M pl \u003d 2 (B + A)

where: M pl - the length of the site, M is the size of the steps of the staircase, and the height of the stage, B - the depth of sticking.

Important!

According to the established standards, the minimum site length must be at least 1 meter, in high comfort homes - at least 1.25 meters.

In apartment buildings, the staircase is designed in such a way that it can be moved with dimensional objects, such as furniture or household appliances.

Steps

One of the main components of any staircase are steps. Based on the location of the design and functions that are assigned to it, the steps may have their own form and shape. To design stair structures, the generally accepted dimensions of the steps have been developed.

The height of the riser in the construction of stairs is from 12 to 20 cm, recommended from 14 to 17 cm. The steps can be made either by mortise or saddles. The mortise steps are mounted in the boosters, the saddles are mounted on them from above.

ATTA or Kosource

The main carrying part of the structure, theory or Kosur, is the main link and requires a thorough calculation. The basis of safety during the operation of a staircase march in a frequent house is laid in the correct sections of the section.

The staircase on the growths is the most common installation option. This design can be designed without risers, which will make it easier and cheap. The tutor is mainly made from wood or metal. The most acceptable option is a tree. Plus, it can become simplicity of processing and editing. The disadvantage is the specificity of fastening to the floor and in the overlap. It is necessary to take into account that the tree will eventually give a shrinkage, and the staircase with a metal ladder itself can serve as a supporting overlap. The string of wood has standard dimensions. It should be from 2 to 5.5 meters long, a width - 0.3 meters, thick - 0.5 meters.

The stair march on the cosomes looks much more cute, but is more laborious in production. To design a design on the cosos, we will need the source data: the depth of sticking, the height of the riser, the length and height of the stairs. The size of the planned height and the length of the stairs we can get at the planned place of installation. Suppose that its height will be 2.5 meters, and the length will be 4 meters. We have a step of steps from 0.25 to 0.4 meters. We take a medium value of 0.28 meters. Sharing the height of the stairs to the depth of the stage, we obtain the number of steps:

4 meters: 0.28 meters \u003d 14 steps.

2.5 meters: 14 \u003d 0.18 meters

The height of the riser 0.18 meters complies with the established standards.

The length of the direct design of the straight design is calculated by the formula:

K \u003d √ (H 2 + L 2), where

H - Height, L - Ladder Sleeping Length, K - Kourow Length

In our calculation, the length of the KOOPE will be K \u003d √ (2.5 2 + 4 2) \u003d 4.7 meters

Straight staircase on the cows of their tree.

Height of fences

The main task of the fence is the safety of people. Special attention should be paid to attachments between races of railings and kosomers. If necessary, these connections can be strengthened. Staircases have fencing or solid (filled), or from balasine.

Design

autumn. Turkey and Lestenka

Integration of educational areas: "Cognition" (design), (formation of elementary mathematical ideas), "Communication", "Socialization", "Music".

Types of childhood activities: Game, communicative, educational and research, productive.

Teacher's activities: 1. To acquaint with different building materials; Learn to analyze the construction. Fasten the ability to distinguish between the number of items using the words "one", "a lot." 2. Develop the ability to maintain a steady balance in dance movements. 3. Educating attentive attitude towards nature, interest in music 4. Learning to relax eye muscles, promote their strengthening.

The planned results of the development of the integrative qualities of the preschooler: It takes interest in participating in a joint music and mobile game, participates in conversations during the games, answers the teacher's questions, can build a turret and a ladder according to the sample.

Materials and equipment: Picture "Autumn Tree", Designer, Kolobok toy.

1. Organizational moment.

Educator. Guys, our friend Kolobok came to visit us. (Hello, Kolobok). He walked now on the autumn park and considered trees and leaflets on the trees. What are the autumn leaves now? (Red, yellow ). And now came to us, admire our autumn garden. Children are invited to look at the window to the garden.

2. Gymnastics for eyes

The guys are invited to consider trees, leaves on trees and on the tracks, see how the twigs are swinging from the wind. Exercise is carried out in order to relax eye muscles, relaxation. Then transfer the look at the picture at the tutor "autumn tree", consider it.

Educator. How many trees in our garden? (Many ). And how many trees in the picture? (One). How are our trees in the garden of the branch? Let's show a balloon.

3. Music and moving game

Fizkultminutka to the music of P. I. Tchaikovsky "Seasons", autumn song.

The guys repeat the movements behind the tutor depicting the trees in the garden are swinging, as the wind blows and leave the leaves in the wind.

4. Designing turrets and ladder.

Educator. I suggest you to make a ball for a kolobka so that he can see our autumn garden itself.

Children build two painter turrets made by the tutor - one tower of bricks, another - from cubes, combining them in color (for example: two blue cubes and two red cubes, three green bricks and two yellow bricks), decorating flags.

The educator analyzes the erected turrets in detail, draws the attention of children to the names of the details, their beautiful combination of color, the difference of buildings in size. (Ways of design can not be shown.) In the process of work, it is necessary to encourage children if necessary to suggest, helping advice and action.

Educator. How can you climb on a high tower?(On the ladder.) Let's put next to the ladder next to the turret.

The educator examines the sample of the ladder from six cubes. Draws attention to the details necessary for the construction, how much needs cubes to build a ladder. Children are building a ladder next to the tower.

4. Reflection.

How many trees have we seen today outside the window?

What did we build for a kolobkin?

On the topic: Methodical development, presentations and abstracts

The abstract of direct educational activities Communication for children of the second youngest group "New Year is ... Goes!"

The abstract of direct educational activities Communication for children of the second youngest group "New Year is ... Goes!" ...

"Games with sand and water" Abstract of direct educational activities (research) for children of the first younger group

Complete Node Abstract will help educators to organize work with children on research - acquaintance with the properties of water and sand ....

Abstract of directly educational activities with the participation of children of the second younger group on the topic: "Talking the tale" Teremok "using multimedia funds in the framework of the educational ...

Lyudmila Kolchedantsev
Abstract of directly educational activities for designing in 2 younger group "Lestenka"

purpose: Development design abilities.

Tasks:

Educational:

1. Teach children to simple techniques design: Implede details one to another, apply to each other.

2. Continue to acquaint children with long-term concepts - short, wide - narrow and use these words in speech.

3. To form the ability of children to correctly call details designer: Brick, cube.

4. Fasten the knowledge of colors.

Developing:

1. Develop interest in design, Thinking, fine motor skills.

2. Develop the ability to listen and understand the adult.

3. Develop a speech communication: Ability to respond to the question, accompany the actions of the speech).

Educational:

1. To bring up independence, responsiveness, desire to assist.

Materials:

1. Demonstration: teremok, toy-andy, constructor.

2. Distribution: Cubes, bricks, toys for playing with buildings.

Preliminary work:

1. Games S. designer.

2. Reading Russian folk tales "Teremok", view illustrations for a fairy tale, multimedia pictures with image of houses with ladders.

Integration educational regions:

Socio-communicative, speech, artistic and aesthetic, cognitive, physical.

Methods: verbal, visual, game, problem learning.

Move directly educational activities:

Children are free to the tutor.

Educator: Let's guys, our hands and legs will greeted.

Children (along with the educator):

Hello, handles, clapping,

Hello, legs, top top top,

Hello, brushes, slam slam,

Hello, sponge,

Hello, children, hello!

Children are sitting on chairs. On the table covered with a green cloth, it is worth the teremok.

Educator: It is in the field of teremok, teremok,

It is not low, not high, not high,

As in the field, the mouse runs,

Stopped and knocking:

"Tuk-Tuk, who lives in the terhem,

Who lives in low? "

No one answered the mouse. I decided to live in Teremchka, and it does not know how to do it. Doors high, can't bother to jump to them.

Educator: What to do, guys?

Estimated responses of children

(If children find it difficult, then show the pictures of the teremk, where the door has lestenki.).

What is missing to our terhemochka so that the mouse can climb the porch and go to the teremok (lestenki.) .

Educator:

Let's guys help the mouse and build a staircase for it.

Sasha, please bring me a brick. (the boy brings a brick).

What brought Sasha? (brick). What colour is he? (children call color). We put a brick on a wide side.

Polina, bring me more bricks. Polina, what did you bring me? (brick). What colour is he? To the first brick, we attach another brick.

Which way did I put it? (on a wide).

Guys got us lestenka? (not). And what to do? (I listen to children's offers). If children are hampered, then I propose to see what happens if I take another brick and put it on the first brick.

And now it turned out lestenka? (Yes). Let us see if the mouse will climb on it (Mouse rises by lestenka and comes in teremok) .

Guys, the mouse tells you thank you very much for the help.

What guys, we built lestenka(from bricks).

How much did we take bricks? (three).

What direction should you put bricks? (on a wide).

And what do you think guys can be the same lestenka Build from cubes? (Yes). I propose to build one of the children lestenka from Kubikov. Compare with your children lestenka in height, find out that lestenka cubes abovethan bricks.

Fisminet is carried out.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5- Girls went to walk (girls get out of the chairs and go to walk, music sounds,

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, -to the house hid again (run away for chairs).

Same is done with boys (2 times).

Educator: And now my good builders you can sit at the tables and to build lestenka With steps from bricks, or from cubes, who wants anywhere, and then play with their friends - toys.

Independent work of children. (individual work with children in need of help).

Hying of buildings with toys.