Soviet bags and shopping bags. Avoska: the big story of a simple shopping bag (1 photo) Soviet handbags
Now in every shop, department or stall, you will always put your purchase in a bag and offer to buy a large plastic bag to take it to the house of purchase. And in branded stores, when buying a product with a logo, they offer their package for free, often paper, often very beautiful in the size of the product. Of course, buyers are happy to take such large branded bags and use it when storing at home or things or bed linen, a blanket or pillow.
We collect and take out the garbage in bags, and what is convenient, first in it the products home, and then the garbage in the trash. We even buy special garbage bags, they are of several volumes in terms of displacement. They are either put in a garbage can, in summer cottages they put them in waste bins, they are also conveniently tied on top in a knot and thrown into the trash. There is only one principle: all packages are disposable.
But it was not always so.
The end of the 70s of the USSR
What did people go to the store with then, what did they carry purchases and products in, well, first of all in the famous folk string bag, this is such a net with rope handles, it stretches a little, and holds a fairly large volume, and its carrying capacity is serious. In it, and potatoes, cabbage could be carried, empty bottles, they fit a lot, and other products.
The string bags were of different colors, we had two pieces at home, one red and the other brown. Popularity, avosek primarily because of the small size when folded and cheapness with durability. Then there were such nylon bags, dense, light translucent, with a pattern of squares on it. They were more feminine, of course, they had white plastic handles, I remember my mother also had one, I went to the store with her when I was little.
We went to the store with backpacks, so we had to go to the dacha or came from the suburbs to buy groceries in Leningrad, as they used to say for sausage. So the father of the family walks with a backpack over his shoulders through grocery and manufactured goods, then buys this and that, and folds it behind his back, and around his neck hangs like a bandolier a rope with strung toilet paper, in his hands a can in which he bought butter, under his arm a big dump truck for a son or a doll for a daughter, and here is a portrait of a visitor.
There were even larger such trunks made of leatherette, they were of different colors, they were cracked in the cold, and handles pulled out of bad leatherette with meat from the weight of the handle. We went to the workshops there, put new handles on new rivets, they were torn again and so constantly.
Youth bags with a shoulder strap were also domestic, with an inscription like “Olympic Games-80” and the like, for such bags we often sculpted an imported sticker for beauty or a prednushka, a transfer sticker, now we probably already scored what it is, and before on the bags glued. On such bags, at school or at a college, we drew imported company names or drawings simply with a ballpoint pen,
A transfer sticker is a piece of paper with a pattern, a sticky layer of paint and a protective translucent one, to apply it it was necessary to soak it in warm water, then remove the protective layer and gently attach it to a bag on a clean place, wait until the layer of paint from the paper passes to the material and remove the paper, a beautiful drawing remained on the bag, if a foreign transfer then with an imported bright inscription, and the bag became an order of magnitude more beautiful.
Our people, with a lack of draft products in the form of bags, fought in their own way, they sewed bags themselves, of all possible colors and from any material, starting from burlap and old jeans, everything was used, an old drape, a nylon jacket, even from thick polyethylene they sewed lining inside the bag is a beautiful material or a bright magazine cover, "a need for inventions is cunning."
Stencils - yes, now they forgot it, but before they cut stencils from paper, and they themselves applied the drawing they liked on canvas bags or T-shirts with ink, paint, and sometimes oil, which was what they applied. What kind of drawing, the figure of a girl, a portrait of an artist, the name of a company or a rock group.
“Batons” - later “Batons” bags fashionable for young people appeared, they were first brought from over the hillock, from the Baltic states, then the underground workshops began to sew already domestic products, later state factories belatedly produced not very beautiful but long loaves .. We sewed ourselves by samples. The loaves were of different colors with a zipper and two handles, in principle, they look like bags, as sports bags are sold everywhere now.
"Back" - a back is a small backpack, especially popular with the fashionable advanced youth of the 80s, it was most often worn by forgers or athletes who traveled abroad, it was possible to buy it only from foreigners. They were of various colors, often bright, flashy colors. Now they are sold on every corner. I probably bought mine from the Americans back in 84, cool, beautiful, no matter how much they offered me for it, I remember 150 rubles and two pairs of Levays, but I remained unbowed, I had a good Back.
These are the bags in the USSR were ...
I had a package, the package my pride on it, KISS is depicted on both sides, this is such a famous rock band, the envy of many to my package, an ordinary bag with handles, I bought it for five rubles, this is a lot of money for that time, the fashion was then such packages took care of the heavy, they didn’t put anything, they were wiped off from use and the inscriptions or faces of idols were not so bright, but they were worn until they were torn.
Designed for storage and transportation of various items. It is the subject of men's, women's and children's wardrobe. Usually selected for a specific style and occasion, as a result of which it has many types.
Main types of bags
By appointment
Casual, travel, sports, beach, evening, household, business, workers (military, medical, etc.).
By shape
Cylindrical, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular, round, semicircular.
By hardness
Soft, hard, semi-hard.
Closing method
With an open top, with a valve (flap), with a frame lock (frame), with a zipper, with a delay (the upper part is tightened with a belt or cord), with buttons or buttons.
The main models of bags
For everyday use
Envelope (flap)
Peculiarities: Large, medium or small model with flap closure.
Form: rectangular, square, semicircular.
Pens: usually one, long, often adjustable.
Clasp type: valve.
Usage: women's bag for everyday wear or special occasions (depending on the style).
Sacvoyage
Peculiarities: medium to large size model with a stable wide bottom and solid sidewalls.
Form: rectangular, tapers to a trapezium towards the castle.
Pens
Clasp type: frame lock, sometimes supplemented with a valve.
Usage: women's bag for everyday wear, travel, business style (depending on the style).
Name: sac voyage - fr. "travel bag".
Tablet (field bag, field bag)
Peculiarities: medium to large flat style for shoulder wear.
Form: square or rectangular, sometimes with rounded corners.
Pens: a wide belt, usually of adjustable length.
Clasp type: flap or zipper.
Usage: women's or men's casual bag, mainly for style.
Postal bag (messenger bag, postman, messenger)
Peculiarities: roomy model, shaped like a postman's bag.
Form: rectangular, square or semicircular.
Pens: long wide belt, usually adjustable. May have an additional short handle.
Clasp type: flap or zipper.
Usage: women's or men's bag for everyday wear.
Ridicule (réticule)
Peculiarities: small to medium sized handbag, often embellished with decorations.
Form: trapezoidal, oval, square, etc.
Pens: without handle or textile cord, chain.
Clasp type: frame lock.
Usage: women's bag for everyday wear or special occasions (depending on the model).
Name: from reticulum - lat. "net".
Peculiarities: softly shaped roomy model, cut together with handles from a single piece of material.
Form: rectangular, trapezoidal, square, sometimes with rounded corners.
Pens: wide, medium length, cut together with the bag. Bags are worn on the shoulder or in the hands.
Clasp type: zipper or button.
Usage: women's bag for everyday use.
Hobo (hobo, tramp bag)
Peculiarities: roomy crescent-shaped model.
Form: semicircular.
Pens: one or two, medium or long.
Clasp type: zipper or button.
Usage
Name: hobo - English. "itinerant worker, vagabond".
Baguette
Peculiarities: Small model, shaped like French baguette bread.
Form: oblong with rounded corners.
Pens: one, medium length (chain or strap).
Clasp type: a flap with a clasp, often a decorative element.
Usage: women's casual bag.
Knapsack (satchel, satchel)
Peculiarities: a roomy bag with a flat bottom, shaped like a student satchel.
Form: rectangular.
Pens: a long belt, often with an adjustable length, sometimes two additional short handles.
Clasp type: valve, zipper.
Usage: women's bag for everyday wear.
Name: satchel - English. "satchel, bag"
Cylinder
Peculiarities: horizontal model in the form of a cylinder.
Form: cylindrical.
Pens: one or two, short or medium.
Clasp type: lightning.
Usage: women's bag for travel or everyday wear (depending on the model).
Tote (tote, bulk bag)
Peculiarities: a capacious soft bag, shaped like a bag.
Form: rectangular, square, trapezoid.
Pens: two, medium length. May have an additional long handle for carrying on the shoulder.
Clasp type: open top, button or zip.
Usage: men's or women's bag for everyday use.
Name:tote - English. "to carry, carry, transport."
Poshet (pochette)
Peculiarities: a flat model of a small size with a clear shape.
Form: square or rectangular.
Pens: one, short or long, strap or chain. There are models with a short loop handle.
Clasp type: valve.
Usage: women's bag for everyday wear and special occasions.
Bucket bag
Peculiarities: a vertical model with a stable bottom, shaped like a bucket.
Form: cylindrical with a wide bottom.
Pens: one or two, long or medium.
Clasp type: flap or zipper.
Usage: women's casual bag.
Weekender (weekender bag, barrel bag)
Peculiarities: medium or large model, reminiscent of a barrel.
Form: a barrel with a wide flat bottom and side walls.
Pens: two, medium length.
Clasp type: lightning.
Usage: women's bag for everyday wear and travel (depending on model).
Coupling (muff)
Peculiarities: Small model with open sides to hide your hands. The inside is usually lined with fur and has hidden pockets.
Form: oblong.
Pens: without handles.
Clasp type: valve.
Usage: women's bag for everyday wear.
For sports, leisure and travel
Peculiarities: model for wearing behind the back.
Form: usually rectangular.
Pens: two adjustable straps. May have an additional short handle.
Clasp type: zipper or flap.
Usage: men's or women's bag for sports, outdoor activities, travel.
Belt wallet (beltbag, belt bag)
Peculiarities: model worn on the belt.
Form: rectangular, triangular or square.
Pens: belt around the waist.
Clasp type: valve or zipper.
Usage: women's or men's bag for outdoor activities.
Sports bag (duffel bag, duffel, travel bag)
Peculiarities: roomy model that can be worn on the shoulder or behind the back. Often has patch pockets on the front side and wheels.
Form: rectangular.
Pens: one or two straps, additional long handle.
Clasp type: lightning.
Usage: women's or men's bag for sports, travel.
Name: duffel - English. "thick woolen fabric with a thick pile", duffel bag - "duffel bag".
Shopper (shopping bag, shopping bag)
Peculiarities: roomy model of simple design, usually textile.
Form: Rectangular or square.
Pens: two, long or medium.
Clasp type: without fastening or with a button.
Usage: women's bag for walking, shopping, beach holidays.
Peculiarities: dimensional road model of a rigid structure. Often has 2 - 4 wheels.
Form: rectangular, sometimes with rounded corners.
Pens: one short, two medium or one retractable.
Clasp type: latch or zipper.
Usage: women's or men's travel bag.
For formal business style
Peculiarities: Small size, rigid shape with stable bottom.
Form: rigid rectangular, with a wide bottom and several compartments.
Pens: one, short. There are models with a short loop handle.
Clasp type: flap or zipper.
Usage: men's casual bag.
Diplomat (case)
Peculiarities: Rigid, roomy model with a stable bottom.
Form: rectangular, with a rigid frame. The shape is similar to a suitcase.
Pens
Clasp type: valve, sometimes with a combination lock.
Usage: women's or men's bag, usually used to carry documents, papers.
Peculiarities: roomy model with a stable bottom and several compartments. Often has two patch pockets on the front side.
Form: rectangular, with folded sides, with clear or rounded corners.
Pens: one, short. May have an additional long handle for carrying on the shoulder.
Clasp type: valve with one or two clasps, sometimes with a combination lock.
Usage: women's or men's casual bag.
For ceremonial events
Clutch
Peculiarities: a small model without handles, shaped like a wallet.
Form: rectangular or oval.
Pens: without handles.
Clasp type: flap, zipper or frame lock.
Usage: women's bag for special occasions and everyday wear (depending on the style).
Name: clutch "grab, seize"
Kiset (pouch)
Peculiarities: a small model, shaped like a pouch.
Form: soft with a flat rounded bottom.
Pens: usually one, short or long.
Clasp type: tightening textile lace or chain.
Usage: women's evening bag.
Minaudiere bag
Peculiarities: Small size model with rigid metal or plastic frame.
Form: rectangular, square, oval, round, polygonal.
Pens: without a handle or on a chain.
Clasp type: frame lock.
Usage: women's handbag for special occasions.
Primitive communal system
The prototype of the modern bag appeared in prehistoric times. Already the primitive man had a need to carry any objects, leaving his hands free. Bags were made from animal skins, woven ropes or grasses, and then tied to a stick. Primitive people wore such a design on their shoulders. They placed food, flint and other necessary items there.
On the territory of modern Germany, during excavations, scientists discovered a bag dating back to 2500 BC. The accessory was adorned with several hundred canine teeth.
In 1992, on the Similaun glacier in the Alps, scientists discovered the body of a prehistoric man (4.5 - 5.5 thousand years old). An object resembling a backpack was found next to it: a leather base was fixed on a V-shaped frame of two vertical hazel bars, fastened from below with horizontal larch boards. This design ensured the fixation of the backpack on the back.
Antiquity
With the development of society and the emergence of commodity-money relations, people have a need to always have money with them. The ancient Romans began to use pockets, which at that time were called sine. For men, they were sewn to outerwear and hidden in the folds of a toga. In women, secret pockets were located under. When studying the paintings of the Egyptian pyramids, scientists discovered an image of a pharaoh with a bag in his hands. It had a rectangular shape and was embroidered, presumably, with gold threads.
As class divisions arose, the bag came to be seen as an indicator of the wearer's social position. Women from the upper classes did not carry any objects in their hands - servants did it for them. The bag of the representatives of the lower class looked like a bundle or a bundle. The African peoples attached particular importance to this subject. They endowed the bag with magical properties, used it as a talisman against evil spirits, and kept spells in it.
In the later period of antiquity, bag bags became widespread. They looked like a rectangular bag and were attached to the horse's saddle. As a rule, saddlebags were made from animal skins or carpet fabric. The Indians used backpacks to transport things, similar in design to the item found with a caveman in the Alps.
Middle Ages
Since the 11th century, wallets have been used in Europe. This item was a fabric bag, tied at the top with a cord, which prevented the loss of coins. The purse was attached to the belt of men's and women's clothing. This accessory is called a coiner (fr. Laumonier). The belt purse was an integral attribute of clothing for money changers and merchants. In China and Japan, coins were minted with holes through which a silk or leather cord was threaded, then it was tied to clothing. Pouches, which were used to store tobacco, were an accessory of a men's costume in Europe. Depending on the status of the owner, they were made from goat or calf skin, linen, cloth, suede, etc. In the XII century, in addition to hanging purses, rectangular items made of textiles became widespread. Such bags were used to store prayer books. They were embroidered with gold or silver threads, decorated with bells. In Russia, men wore bags made of leather or animal skins. They were called furs.
Renaissance
Since the 14th century, the bag began to perform not only a practical function, but also became a decoration of the costume. There are male and female models. Ladies' bags became brighter, they were sewn mainly from velvet, decorated with gold threads, beads and precious stones. They were attached to the belt with a chain or cord. The accessory was called "Omonier". The quality and finish of the handbag was an indicator of the lady's status: the higher the position in society, the more expensive materials and finishes (gold threads, pearls, silk, precious stones) were used in tailoring. Women from the lower classes wore canvas omonières. For men, this accessory was embroidered with heraldic figures or the family coat of arms. In the 16th century, hunters used a game bag made of canvas or leather with one or more compartments. It was worn on the shoulder.
17th - 18th centuries
In the 17th century, pockets were again sewn onto clothes. Men stopped fastening their hominiers to their belts. The first pocket was seen on Louis XIV. From the 17th century, officers began to use a tashka bag in which they stored carbine cartridges. Its outer side was covered with cloth and decorated with a monogram or coat of arms. Women began to wear handbags on their wrists. In the middle of the 17th century, backpacks made of leather or canvas appeared in European armies. They were designed to keep the soldiers' hands free when attacking. Musketeers wore cartridge pouches on a wide white shoulder strap.
In Japan, the furoshiki accessory, translated into Russian as “bath rug”, has become widespread. The item was a square piece of cloth and was used to wrap and carry things. It was customary to go to the bath in a kimono, which visitors brought with them. To bring wet clothes home, they wrapped them in a rug. Later, furoshiki began to be used for packing gifts, transporting things, and storing household items. The accessory is still in use today.
Scientists call the 18th century the heyday of neoclassical fashion. Historians call the year 1790 the date of birth of the women's bag, which began to be carried in the hand. The Marquise de Pompadour is considered to be the trendsetter of the new fashion. At that time, a trapezoid-shaped women's bag made of textiles on a long pulling silk cord appeared. The product was decorated with embroidery, beads, etc. The accessory became a necessary item of the European wardrobe. Ladies kept love notes, smelling salt, rouge, a mirror, etc. in their handbags.
19th century
In the 19th century, handbags increased somewhat in size and took on a wide variety of forms. They have additional departments. A frame lock appeared for the first time in a ladies' accessory. A bag with such a clasp is called a reticule.
Bags began to be classified according to their purpose: for walks, celebrations, visits, dates, trips to the theater and other occasions. They were decorated with pearls, embroidery, ribbons, etc. In the 19th century, another women's item appeared - a travel bag. In it, the ladies kept accessories for needlework.
At the same time, soldier's backpacks began to be made from lightweight materials, which provided the item with better mobility. The messenger bag became widespread. The square-shaped item had two handles, short and long, and could be worn on the shoulder or in the hand. In the 18th century, soldiers and nurses used a similar model.
By the mid-1850s, over 5,000 kilometers of railroad tracks had been laid in the world. People began to travel a lot, there was a need to transport things in more functional and capacious items. Companies began to produce luggage bags. Enjoyed great popularity from. The bag became widespread: it was used for travel by men and women. In many works of American and European literature, this subject was a participant in scenes related to moving. The characters of Oscar Wilde in The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) and the characters of Margaret Mitchell in Gone with the Wind (1936, set in the 1860s) used this item. Initially, it was made from carpet material, later they began to be made from leather. Hans Christian Andersen did not leave the house without a bag, which was presented to him by the Danish king from the Oldenburg dynasty. This item is currently kept in the city of Odense in the Andersen Museum.
Since the middle of the 19th century, the sporran has been an integral part of the national costume of Scottish men (it is still used today). The bag was fastened with straps and chains to the belt over. For a festive costume, sporran was made from fur, for everyday wear - from leather.
In the 19th century, in English, various types of bags had a common name - "handbag".
First decade of the 20th century
During the First World War, and then during the Second World War, the military used a pouch in which they stored ammunition for firearms. It was worn on a waist belt. Working-class women wore tabloid bags with straps slung over their shoulders. In the business environment, men used briefcases with special compartments for paper money. In the upper circles among women, handbags a la pompadour were popular.
1920s
In the 1920s, the musical Runnin Wild was presented on Broadway, which debuted the song "Charleston", which later became a hit. The composition was accompanied by single and pair dances. The actresses wore dresses with many tiers and loose fringes. She also decorated handbags around the perimeter. Such accessories are called "Charleston handbag". They also began to call the dance performed in the musical, and the dresses that were worn by the actresses.
Since 1923, a zipper has been used as a fastener. In the business environment, briefcases have become popular among men and women. In the 1920s, women's bags were created in the form of steamboats, cars, and airplanes.
1930s
In the 30s, the design of bags reflected the style. used abstraction, experimented with materials: wood, enamel, plastic, aluminum, etc. A purse bag appeared in the men's wardrobe, which was worn in the hand or on the wrist.
In the 1930s, Salvador Dali also created a women's phone bag, an apple bag, and others. Van Cleef & Arpels produced a women's minaudière bag. It was an object with a rigid rectangular frame made of noble metal with precious stones. Reticules were also popular among women. In 1932, Georges Vuitton created a bag - an urban model with short handles from the Monogram canvas with the image of the brand logo.
40s of the XX century
In the 40s, Walborg Poodle bags appeared in the form of white and black poodles. In 1947, the Fashion House began to produce bags with bamboo handles. Aldo Gucci began to create women's accessories from hemp, jute, linen. During this period, large square bags became popular. Designers began to use synthetic materials in their collections. Soldiers wore mail carriers and pouches. Working class women used urban bags made from inexpensive materials.
1950s
In the 1950s, clutches, minaudières, and bags became popular. The trend to wear small handbags was promoted by an elegant and feminine style. In 1955, she created the 2.55 women's handbag. The accessory was named in accordance with the release date - February 1955. The quilted handbag on a chain had a rectangular shape.
"I'm tired of carrying reticules in my hands, and besides, I often lose them."
Coco Chanel
Since the mid-50s, a bag (it was created in 1935) and models similar to it in shape - with a short handle, trapezoid with a wide bottom and side walls - have become in demand.
60s of the twentieth century
In the 1960s, bag bags were popular, this item was introduced into fashion. Representatives of the subculture manually created voluminous free-cut bags, mainly from textiles. Hippies used ethnic, psychedelic and floral patterns as patterns. In 1966, Gaston-Louis Vuitton invented the Papillon top hat.
70s of the twentieth century
In the 70s, designers made bags mainly from textiles. Has received wide distribution. During this period, she created a collection of nylon Pacone backpacks. In Russia, at that time, string bags woven from threads were popular.
80 - 90s of the XX century
During this period, designers created bags of various styles and shapes, widely used prints, gemstone trim. In 1984, Jean-Louis Dumas, the head of the Fashion House, released the first bag. In 1995 he created the Lady Dior model. In 1997, Silvia Venturini Fendi created a baguette bag (French baguette). An elongated model with a short handle closed with a valve.
Handbags and postmen were popular among men and women.
XXI Century
In the 21st century, they use the silhouettes of bags of past years for their collections, experimenting with materials, decor and finishes.
In the women's spring-summer 2012 collection, Barbara Bui offered weekend bags in turquoise and pink colors, combining sports and classic design. Models were made of python and crocodile skin. Each bag came with a studded football keychain.
In the autumn-winter 2012-2013 season of the Fashion House Silvia Venturini Fendi offered a tote bag made of gray wool with bright red accents on the sides.
In the men's spring-summer 2013 collection, Angela Missoni offered bags and totes. Some models were completely made of knitwear, in others textiles were combined with leather. Accessories were decorated with the brand's traditional zigzag pattern in sand-turquoise and blue-orange hues.
Bags with original design
In 2008, Jinza Tanaka created a platinum clutch with a detachable strap set with 2,182 diamonds weighing 208 carats. The cost of the product was 1.9 million dollars. The uniqueness of the accessory was that the elements of the handbag could be used as independent decorations. The handle of the bag was transformed into or a necklace, the clasp - into a brooch or pendant.
In 2009, Caitlin Phillips launched a series of book bags. For the manufacture of women's accessories, the designer used the endpapers of old books. The sides of the bag were lined with fabric matching the cover.
Watching people scurrying through mega-markets, entertainment centers and shopping cities with boxes, bright bags and supermarket polyethylene with products, I suddenly remembered how little we ran to the store, clutching a mesh string bag or a canvas grocery bag sewn by my mother on a sewing machine ... After all, to think - then it was almost useless to come to the store without a bag. After all, packages were not sold at the checkout. Everything bought would have to be carried home by hand. So then everyone wore a net or a bag in a briefcase, a "diplomat" or a handbag.
By the way, the history of the origin of the notorious string bag is interesting. The woven rope bag, which became amazingly popular in Soviet times, was invented in the Czech Republic. just the hairnets that were then in use. And when the demand for them began to fall catastrophically, the quick-witted Vavrzhin attached handles to them - and the famous mesh bag was born. The Russian name for the mesh shopping bag was invented in the 1930s famous satirist writer Vladimir Polyakov, but this word was made popular by the famous Arkady Raikin, who, during his speeches five years later, uttered a monologue with something like this: “And this is a string bag! Maybe I'll bring something home in it ... " 
There were different types of vehicles. In addition to the traditional grid, one could also find a similar one - home-made. She certainly did not fit in a jacket pocket, but she was tougher 
Metal mesh bag. In general, it is worth noting that a Soviet citizen could very often see what his neighbor bought in the store thanks to the different options for "open" bags 
Another transparent option. By the way, due to its rigid design, it was convenient, for example, to carry milk glass containers to the collection point. 
Fabric bag. 
And one more option 
Rare plastic bags. They were taken care of like the apple of an eye. Over time, from multiple folding, the pattern became more and more erased, but the package was still not thrown in. Washed, dried and again went to the store. 
Also a type of container for products. With such a can, I went for milk, kvass, and the peasants for beer. 
Photo of people in queues with different bags… 
Despite its popularity in the USSR, the history of the string bag begins in a completely different country. It happened at the end of the 19th century in the town of Zdar-on-Sazava in the Czech Republic. It was then that the entrepreneur Vavřin Krčil decided to start producing women's hairnets. But for some reason the case did not get the proper development. Therefore, in order not to go bankrupt at all, Krcil came up with a new use of the remaining materials in order to return at least a little of the invested funds. The entrepreneur fitted handles to the existing nets and began to position them as bags. But at that time, the invention apparently was not appreciated, since it did not receive a patent or wide distribution and use.
The mesh string bag came to taste only after a few decades. Several entrepreneurs in the 30s of the XX century took up the production of the product and did not fail. The shopping bag gained the greatest popularity in the Soviet Union due to its durability, spaciousness and ease of storage. Of course, the lack of competitors in this mesh also had an effect, because earlier plastic bags were simply not on sale in our stores.
In the Soviet Union, the string bag was made of strong threads, which made it possible to increase its carrying capacity up to 70 kg! Even today, this is a rarity. A traditional bag is considered to be a mesh woven from 14 rows, each of which consisted of 24 cells. Later, for convenience, flexible tubes were attached to the handles, which protected the hands from cutting.
The string bag began to be called that way in 1935. This happened thanks to the famous Russian comedian Arkady Raikin. In his pop number, in which he portrayed a peasant holding this net, Raikin repeatedly said: “... And this is a string bag. Perhaps I’ll bring something in it ... ”, which caused a storm of emotions among the audience, since everyone would also like to bring something home, but there was nothing special at that time. Although the comedian spoke this text from the stage, he came up with it and the very name "string bag" is actually a different person. The author was the writer Vladimir Polyakov.
But resourceful Soviet people began to use nets not only for their intended purpose. Garlic and onions were stored in them, hanging on the walls. Instead of putting perishable food in the refrigerator, they hung it in a string bag outside the window. Children made basket rings out of bags, and men caught crayfish in them.
There were only a couple of disadvantages of this multifunctional invention. The first is that all the contents are visible to everyone, and the second is that there was a risk of losing small things if they were put there.
The use of the string bag ceased at the end of the 20th century, and reappeared only at the beginning of the 21st century. Today, the shopping bag net has a serious chance for revival, since it is an environmentally friendly product, which is now being given special attention. Designers have already begun to invent and use new fashionable shopping bags for their collections. In addition, for ordinary consumers, grandmothers have already begun to appear at the subway, who just sell these unpretentious shopping bags, which is also a kind of call for the return of shopping bags. Who knows, perhaps we will soon use these grids mainly, and they will gain their former popularity.
Archaeological evidence shows that our distant Scythian ancestors, who lived in the southern steppes, did not have any bags or even pockets. Everything needed in the campaign (sword, bow, bowl, knife, flint) was attached directly to the belt.
Bags appeared later, and they were most often made from fur, dressed leather, and only then from fabric. Nomads used leather skins, settled tribes used wicker baskets.
In Ancient Russia, pockets attached to the belt of clothing first appeared. Women called them gourmets and served to carry seeds or candies in them. For men, it was kalita in which they carried money. For mushrooms and berries they went with birch bark tues or wicker baskets, and on a long journey they went with a shoulder bag sewn from a piece of fabric, or with an ordinary bundle. It should be noted that any bags were decorated with ornaments, trimmed with ribbons, embroidery. Wicker baskets also bore the imprint of the master's hand and were often finished around the edge with a different type of weaving or brightly painted.
One of the first game bags began to be used by male hunters. These bags were made of tanned leather and supplied with a long strap.
Up until the beginning of the 20th century. neither the nobility nor ordinary people had bags as such in Europe. Beginning around the 12th century. noble women began to wear small handbags ( wallets), attached directly to the belt or tied to it with a long twisted cord. Such wallets were made of dense fabric or leather, were of various shapes and were richly decorated with embossed patterns, sewing or metal lining. At the French royal court, such a bag was an integral part of the costume and was called " aumonier", and later - " pompadour” in honor of the famous mistress of Louis XV. Often coins were put into a bag, which rang when walking, and during balls and other court receptions, each movement of those present was accompanied by a melodic chime of coins in wallets.
In Russia, small purses were decorated with river pearls and beads, and among the reigning persons - with precious stones set in gold and silver. The wives of the Golden Horde khans wore handbags sewn from brocade at their waists, putting a mirror, powder, and blush in them.
In the Middle Ages, artisans appeared - "bag makers" who were engaged in the manufacture of various kinds of wallets, which differ significantly from each other in price.
Approximately in the XVI century. in Italy there were unusual clutch bags made of velvet, silk, plush. Often the muffs were decorated with twisted cords, beads, bows, ribbons. Men also wore muffs, but more modest.
In addition, wide belts, corsages and skirts with secret pockets were used as improvised bags, and in the 18th century. for convenience, middle-class people began to sew large pockets on outerwear and aprons. Until the beginning of the 19th century. women wore cross-stitched, knitted or woven small pouches, pompadours and reticules. In the days of Napoleon, handbags with a long drawstring were still in court fashion. Townswomen of a simple class always had beautiful bags for sewing accessories and other small things.
Interestingly, the small purse-purse familiar to us once had a completely different purpose. Initially, in the 18th century, a purse was called a cloth, usually a black bag, into which hair tied at the back of the head was removed. And only from the middle of the XIX century. cloth silt and leather wallets began to be used to carry money. From a small wallet later came a large shapeless bag-purse.
Peasants all over the world used canvas bags, wicker baskets of various shapes and sizes as bags.
In most countries of the world, merchants for the transportation of goods over long distances, due to the lack of then leather suitcases and bags, used a wide variety of chests. Travel chests were also used by people belonging to other classes, both simple and noble.
In Russia, the most common containers for carrying luggage were chest-headrest, on which the merchant (or his assistant) actually slept so that he would not be robbed, and a chest with an “alarm”, one of the keyholes of which was equipped with an internal bell (if a thief inserted a master key into it, the ringing rose). Eastern merchants, in addition to wooden chests, used leather wineskins and fabric bags, which became the prototype of modern bags and wardrobe trunks.
Early 20th century was marked by huge changes in the clothing of European peoples. At this time, women began to wear trousers not only for hunting, but also in everyday life. A huge number of the most diverse women's bags appeared: for the theater, for the market, for books, etc. At first, these bags were small, their size began to increase rapidly along with cardinal changes in the way of life of women. If at the beginning of the 19th century, apart from small waist bags and muffs, women in cities no longer wore any bags, then at the beginning of the next century the picture changed dramatically. Now every year there were more and more bags, and they were very different in shape, color and purpose.
A kind of women's bag in the twentieth century. continued to be fur muff, in which women could hide money, love messages, and, if necessary, weapons.
Bags were made of leather, suede, crocheted and knitted, woven from beads and straw. At that time, needlework was a compulsory occupation for women of different classes. Many of them became simply virtuosos in the manufacture of various handbags and then fashionable pouches.
The appearance and huge variety of bags in the early twentieth century. was due to the fact that very narrow long skirts with an interception below the knees came into fashion, in which there was no room for secret and explicit pockets. Fashionistas began to purchase large bags on a long strap or chain strap. But they were not always comfortable, and fashion designers developed more and more new types of bags.
Consider the origin of different bags and their original purpose.
Briefcase- Literally translated from French as "the bearer of the sheet." Initially, in the middle of the 19th century, it was invented for storing and carrying papers and documents, therefore it has an appropriate shape and several compartments inside. Mostly lawyers, financiers, sometimes officials went with portfolios. The officers had rectangular leather tablets, the students had leather or cloth straps with which they intercepted a stack of books, and school students wore hard satchels behind their shoulders. Briefcases, most often made of black or dark green leather, initially had no handle and were carried under the arm. Craftsmen used smooth or granular (shagreen) leather for the production of briefcases. More rarely, expensive briefcases were made of morocco (goat skin of a very soft dressing) and natural crocodile skin or its imitation. Portfolio holders decorated them with their monogram, made of bronze or more expensive metal. Most often, the briefcase had a lock, which was closed with a small key, and the corners of the briefcase were reinforced with metal corners.
Reticule- translated from French as "mesh". It was more often a knitted, and sometimes a small handbag made of leather for visiting the theater or social events.
Sacvoyage- translated from French as "travel bag". Bags were made of leather specifically for travel and were large and roomy.
Close to a bag in size and shape bag- also originally a travel volume leather bag, whose birthplace is Italy. The dictionary of F. Brockhaus and I. Efron says that a trunk is “a small oblong chest with metal staples, sometimes upholstered in leather, or a small hand-made leather case.
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Approximately at the same time with the bag appears and wardrobe trunk(translated from French as "chest") - a travel chest with several compartments.
Holdall- the name itself suggests that in this bag you need to carry or transport a blanket. That was its original purpose. Currently, a portlet is a rectangular bag for carrying bedding, the clasp of which opens in such a way that the bag becomes completely open. There are fastening straps inside the bag. Now a portlet is a cover for suits or just sets of clothes, folding in half. Things in it retain their shape and do not wrinkle.
Backpack- this word has German roots and is translated literally as "shoulder bag". At first, backpacks were intended for soldiers of the German army, and then firmly entered the everyday life of residents of many countries, they became an integral part of tourists, geologists, archaeologists, kids, teenagers, and in recent years also young mothers.
Travel bag- translated from French as "necessary, necessary." Necessaries firmly entered the everyday life of all traveling men and women already in the middle of the 19th century. Initially, they were a capacious box with several compartments, in which men placed shaving and washing accessories, and women - washing accessories and needlework items, which they never parted with in those days. The travel bag turned out to be very convenient on trips and lasted until the 21st century, having changed little in essence. It is popular among frequent travelers in our time and is a small handbag made of easy to clean material with several compartments of different sizes.
What kind of bags history did not know for the rapid and full of innovations of the 20th century! These are knitted wallets worn on a long cord, and rigid lacquered reticules, and wicker flirtatious handbags with a bunch of flowers, and barrel bags, and suitcase bags, and sports ballet bags, and knitted openwork string bags, and classic leather bags with two handles.
By the middle of the XX century. envelope-shaped bags that appeared in the 1920s, folder bags that became fashionable in the 1930s, “car” bags that resembled modern elongated travel bags, suitcase bags and briefcase bags came into fashion . For instance, ballet handbags, very popular in the second half of the 50s - the first half of the 60s. of the 20th century, they had the shape of a small leather suitcase with rounded corners and fastened with two metal clasps. They were worn by both young girls and older women. Initially, these bags were intended for storing and carrying ballroom shoes, without which the girls did not go to dances. But since in those days women did not have the opportunity to purchase several different bags, books, cosmetics, and even products were worn in ballet shoes. The ballet handbag has been a symbol of the Soviet woman for over a decade.
In the second half of the XX century. they also began to wear rather large bags, mainly on a long belt. famous fashion designer Christian Dior made bags more feminine, elegant, richly decorated.
In the 1970s in the USSR, multi-colored mesh bags, woven from threads. They were worn by men and women, both young and old. Each house had several avoseks of different colors.
In the next decade, the first bright plastic bags, which at first could only be purchased on the market for decent money. The packages attracted with their novelty and beautiful images, but they were very fragile and quickly torn, besides, they, of course, could not really replace a woman's bag.
In the USSR, during the years of perestroika, bags came into fashion, both from canvas fabric and made from natural or artificial leather.
Today handbags are not only beautiful, but also comfortable, which meets the needs of the modern business woman. They are made of leather, fabric, plastic, straw, vinyl, natural fur. There were bags made of calfskin, ponies, bags made of cashmere, melange wool, cotton threads. Designers have developed fashionable oblong baguette bags and belt bags, as well as the original elongated handbags - "dachshunds".
design house Gucci at the beginning of the XXI century. again made popular stylish handbag with bamboo handles which was in vogue half a century ago.
Throughout its existence, bags have become more interesting and diverse every year. The importance of a bag in a woman's life is evidenced by the fact that in the UK every year on October 4, National Bag Day is celebrated. On this day, new collections of fashionable bags and accessories are shown, exhibitions and sales are held.
A museum of bags has been created in the capital of Japan, which exhibits more than 3,000 exhibits brought from all over the world. Here you can see bags of various sizes and purposes from tobacco pouches to handbags. Similar museums are open in Australia and Holland, and in museums of urban life around the world, a variety of bags remain one of the main exhibits.
Some men argue that a woman's bag is almost the same as a garage for them, because it stores the most valuable thing she has.
A bag is an almost sacred item for a woman, her choice may depend on the general style of clothing, and on what place a woman wants to take in society, and on many other things. One of the main requirements for a bag is its correct and appropriate color scheme.