Interesting facts about the work of various human organs. Incredible facts about the human body. Internal organs
Since ancient times, people have tried to understand the mystery of man. Scientists, philosophers, representatives of art and culture still cannot explain the unique creation that is Homo sapiens. In this article we want to tell the most interesting facts about the structure of man. You will see that even at the biological level, we are incredibly precise and intelligent.
But first I would like to remind you that two sciences are engaged in the study of a person at the biological level: physiology and anatomy.
The structure and work of human organs
Of course, you guess that there is acid in the stomach that breaks down food. So the concentration of hydrochloric acid (and that's what it's called) is such that it can freely dissolve a razor blade.
The stomach has a lot of nerve endings, which is why scientists conditionally call it the “second brain”.
If all the blood vessels are stretched in one line, then it will be 100 thousand kilometers. It is mentioned that the circumference of our planet is 40 thousand kilometers. That is, with a rope of vessels, you can wrap the earth two and a half times.
Have you ever wondered what internal organs we could exist without? So, if a person's stomach and spleen are removed, leaving only one quarter of the liver, 20% of the intestines, one kidney, the only lung, and almost everything is removed from the pelvic region, he will be able to live. Of course, this will not be a full life, but still better than not existing at all!
The heart creates such pressure in the body that blood from the artery can squirt more than 7 meters.
The liver, despite its seemingly inconspicuous activity, performs up to 500 important functions in our body.
When smiling, about 17 facial muscles contract. But when we frown - 43 muscles. It turns out that it is much easier for us to smile than to frown.
Many even children know that in the morning we are one centimeter taller than in the evening. This is because during the day the cartilages of the spine are compressed, as it were, and during the night they return to their standard position.
Scientists have proven that the strongest muscle is the tongue. Interesting!
The tibia is the strongest bone in the skeleton. It can withstand more than four tons, and the next one is the femoral one - its indicator is 3 tons.
The heaviest bone is the jawbone.
Teeth are the only organ that does not regenerate.
If, reading the previous fact, you have a misunderstanding, then let us explain: a tooth is not a bone, but an organ.
At birth, a child has about 300 bones, and when he grows up - only 206. This is due to the fact that many bones grow together with age.
body functions
When we sneeze, air escapes from the mouth at a speed of 160 kilometers per hour, and in the process of coughing - 100 kilometers per hour.
It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.
It is well known that women blink almost twice as often as men.
The volume of the adult bladder is approximately 400 milliliters. Although, of course, some "talented" people are able to tolerate up to 1 liter!
How much saliva do you think is secreted in the mouth every day? If it were possible to collect the saliva secreted by you throughout your life, then it would be possible to fully fill two pools with it.
The senses
Interestingly, after a hearty meal, our hearing becomes a little dull.
It is believed that two-thirds of the world's population does not have one hundred percent vision. And in the age of computerization, this figure is likely to increase.
If there were no saliva in the mouth, we would not be able to taste any taste at all.
Women have a more sensitive sense of smell than men, and every fiftieth inhabitant of the planet practically does not distinguish smells.
In general, the nose is able to distinguish up to 50 thousand smells and their shades.
When a person turns 60, they slowly begin to lose up to 50% of their taste buds.
Ears and nose always grow from birth.
The largest human cell is the egg and the smallest is the sperm.
Teeth in the fetus begin to grow after the third month of pregnancy. Already during this period, unique fingerprints are also determined.
With age, every second inhabitant of the earth begins to snore in his sleep.
Every 25-30 days, human skin is completely renewed.
Every hour, about 600,000 skin particles fall off the body.
Fingerprints are absolutely unique for all people. Language has the same property.
This is an interesting fact for adults. A man experiences an erection every hour and a half. But!
It's no secret that iron is present in the body. But did you know that it is enough to make a nail 10 centimeters long?
If the bedroom is cold during sleep, it is likely that you will be dreaming of something scary.
The average person generates enough heat in one hour to boil two liters of water.
When you are stressed or afraid of something, then the wax in your ears is released in greater quantities than when you are calm.
Interesting, but impossible to tickle yourself. Our senses are too smart to react to this.
It is believed that the arm span is equal to height. This fact can be checked independently at home.
Not a single animal in the world can cry from an excess of feelings. Only Homo sapiens is endowed with such a gift.
Left-handers live a few years less than right-handers. But this is not a genetically determined relationship, but simply most things are adapted specifically for right-handed people.
Unique fingerprints, except for humans, have primates and koalas.
In the end, I want to say one important thing. It has been proven that 90% of diseases are caused by stress. Therefore, dear friends, keep calm, as Carlson said, live long and do not get sick!
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Incredible Facts
We do not remember the internal organs until they bother us, although thanks to them we eat, breathe and walk.
Let's get acquainted with unusual facts that may surprise you.
human intestine
The largest organ is the small intestine. It is four times longer than the average adult.
The normal human intestine contains about 1 kg of bacteria.
In the intestines of the Japanese are unique microbes that help much it is better recycle seaweed used in the preparation of sushi than people of other nationalities.
human heart
The human heart creates enough pressure to spurt the blood over a distance. 9 m No wonder you feel your heartbeat well. This blood pump transports blood throughout the body quickly and efficiently thanks to the strong contractions of the heart.
The heart starts beating from the fourth week after conception, and will not stop until the death of a person.
A newborn baby has one cup of blood circulating. The circulatory system in an adult can hold more than 4.5 liters of blood, which the heart pumps into all tissues in one minute. 75 times.
Although the heart weighs an average of 300 g, it pumps 2,000 liters of blood through the blood vessels every day.
The heart has its own electrical impulses, which means it works. even outside the body with an adequate supply of oxygen.
At the moment, 5% of the total amount of blood is in your heart, 20% of the blood goes to the brain and central nervous system, 22% goes to the kidneys.
Stomach acidity
The acidity of the stomach is so strong that it can dissolve the razor. However, you should not take this information too seriously and deliberately swallow a razor or other metal objects.
Hydrochloric acid, which is contained in the stomach, not only dissolves your dinner well, but is also able to dissolve many types of metals.
Blood vessels
It is estimated that in the human body, blood vessels stretch for 96,000 km. For a visual representation, you can compare this distance with the distance around the globe, which is 40,000 km. That is, it is possible to decompose all the blood vessels of one person in length around the Earth more than twice.
human blood
Blood cells are constantly dying and being replaced by new ones. Leukocytes (white blood cells) live from a few hours to several weeks, and erythrocytes (red blood cells) live from 90 to 125 days.
circulates throughout the body in blood vessels only half blood. The other half is in spare "blood depots". These "depots" include the liver, spleen and skin. Subcutaneous vessels contain 10%, spleen 16% and liver up to 20% of the total amount of blood.
About 46% of blood is contained in "blood depots". If there is a need to replenish the blood, then it is thrown out of the "depot" into the blood vessels in order to continue the normal activity of the whole organism. This happens, for example, with increased muscle work or blood loss. After the replenishment takes place, some of the blood is refilled in the skin, spleen and liver.
It was recently discovered that predisposition to various diseases depends on the blood group. Doctors confirmed the research of geneticists.
People with first blood type predisposed to gastrointestinal diseases.
People from second blood group can suffer from rheumatic diseases, allergies, bronchial asthma, diabetes, heart disease.
People with third blood type is more likely to suffer from pneumonia. They are prone to developing infections. Women often have purulent mastitis, sepsis after childbirth, joint diseases and osteochondrosis.
People with fourth blood group suffer from colds, flu and other infections.
Not only predispositions associated with blood group are inherited, but also the diseases themselves. It can be intestinal infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis or chronic tonsillitis.
Japanese researchers found that the first blood type affects even on character person.
Gastric protection
You get a new "tablecloth" for your stomach every three to four days. These mucus-like cells form on the walls of the stomach and soon dissolve due to strong digestive acids. People who have an ulcer know how painful it can be without such a lining in the stomach.
Lung area
The area of human lungs is tennis court.
In order for the blood to be saturated with oxygen, the lungs are made up of thousands of tiny branches of the bronchi. These, in turn, are filled with microscopic capillaries containing oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The large area of the lungs facilitates metabolism, and you always get the right amount of oxygen.
Women's heart
A woman's heart beats faster than a man's. The reason for this is only that the mass of the female body, as a rule, is less than the mass of the male.
However, that's not all. Men's and women's hearts can actually work quite differently especially when injured from a heart attack and other diseases. The treatment that is suitable for a man's heart does not always help a woman's.
The walls of the female heart in the left chamber dominated in characteristics with the same male walls in elasticity and thinness. The more elastic the walls in the heart chamber, the lower the likelihood of hypertension.
Another feature of the female heart is a greater likelihood of stress and mental illness than in men.
In medical science, the reasons for the occurrence of diagnostic features cardiac diseases in women. For example, it is not known why electrocardiographic examination is less reliable in women than in men.
Doctors have long been accustomed to believing that cardiovascular diseases are mainly manifested in men. However, recent statistics indicate that women suffer from such diseases in a more severe form. The lethal outcome in such cases in women is 55%, and in men 45%.
Liver functions
Scientists count over 500 various functions of the liver. We are accustomed to remember the liver only after alcohol intoxication. But the liver is one of the hardest working and largest organs.
Here is a list of just a few of the major functions of the liver: bile production, breakdown of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification.
Blood passes through the liver on average 1 500-2 000 l per day .
Also, the liver is temperature balance in the human body, which keeps the temperature within 37 ° C.
In an intrauterine baby at 8-10 weeks, the liver has a weight half the whole fetus.
Occur regularly in the liver thousands of chemical reactions. It is called a filter or a chemical plant, since the liver cleanses our body of toxins and toxins, and also produces substances necessary for life. From 18 to 20 hours the liver most actively removes harmful substances.
Without the liver, we would get very severe poisoning even from milk or water.
It is difficult to meet a person who has a healthy liver by the age of 35-40 due to stress, ecology, malnutrition, and various medications.
If a person expresses negativity, then the liver suffers. If we carry this negativity in ourselves, then its cells suffer even more. Therefore, many doctors assure that you need to have self-control, not to keep evil in yourself, learn to forgive and control your emotions.
Facts about the aorta
The aorta is about the same diameter garden hose. Given that an adult heart is almost the size of a fist, the size of the aorta is quite impressive.
In fact, the arteries must be large enough, because it is the main supplier of oxygenated blood to the rest of the organs.
Human lungs
Our left lung is smaller than our right. This nature has created in order to have a place to fit the heart. Both lungs are similar in shape to each other.
Passes through your lungs every day 10 000 l air.
The average adult makes per day 23,000 inhales and exhales.
If you abuse alcohol, then the proteins that protect the function of lung tissues will be destroyed. This process is called the "alcohol lung".
A person living in a city for 60 years needs to cope with 0.1 g of metals, 200 g of harmful chemicals and 16 g of dust.
95% of people who died of lung cancer smoked 40-20 cigarettes a day.
Substances that have anticancer activity are called isothiocyanates. By eating vegetables containing isothiocyanates (broccoli, Chinese cabbage) at least once a week, you reduce the risk of lung cancer by more than 30%.
The number of people suffering from bronchopulmonary diseases doubles every decade. Urban residents have a higher risk of contracting such diseases than rural residents.
human vitality
If a person takes away most of the internal organs, then he will survive. The human body may seem fragile, but it will live even if the stomach, spleen, 75% of the liver, 80% of the intestines, one kidney, one lung and genitals are removed.
Interesting fact! 25-year-old worker Phineas Gage was on earthworks in the US and had an accident. When the stick of dynamite exploded, a heavy metal rod 109 cm long and 3 cm in diameter flew out. It stuck into Phineas' cheek, knocking out a tooth, and then went out through the skull and brain.
Surprisingly, Gage did not die instantly. Then he lost a tooth and an eye. Soon he fully recovered retaining his mental abilities, gift of speech and complete control over the body.
Facts about the adrenal glands
The adrenal glands (paired endocrine glands) change in size throughout our lives. The adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, are responsible for production of stress hormones(cortisol and adrenaline). In the seventh month of the fetus, these glands are about the same size as the kidneys.
At birth, the adrenal glands become smaller and will continue to do so for all life. When a person reaches old age, the glands are so small that they can hardly be seen.
Both adrenal glands consist of a medulla and a cortical layer.
They regulate the concentration of several substances in the blood and metabolic processes.
Adrenaline, which is secreted by the adrenal glands, signals the danger to the human body. This causes faster breathing, increased blood flow and a faster heartbeat. Adrenaline is released into the blood in order to prepare for danger or run away from it.
Brain It is the most complex and least understood human organ. We do not know much about him, but we have some information about his work.1. Nerve impulses move at a speed of 270 km/h.
2. The brain requires the same amount of energy to work as a 10-watt light bulb.
3. Our brain can process more than 100 trillion operations in one second.
4. The brain uses 20% of all oxygen that enters the circulatory system.
5. At night, the brain is much more active than during the day.
6. Scientists say that the higher the IQ level, the more often people dream.
7. Neurons continue to grow throughout a person's life.
8. Information passes through different neurons at different speeds.
9. The brain itself does not feel pain.
10. The brain is 80% water.
Hair and nails
The subject of eternal ladies' anxiety. However, men are increasingly starting to take care of them too.
11. Facial hair grows faster than anywhere else.
12. Every day a person loses an average of 60 to 100 hairs.
13. The diameter of women's hair is half that of men's.
14. A human hair can support a weight of 100g.
15. The nail on the middle finger grows faster than the others.
16. There is as much hair on a square centimeter of a human body as on a square centimeter of a chimpanzee's body.
17. Blondes have more hair.
18. Fingernails grow about 4 times faster than toenails.
19. The average lifespan of a human hair is 3-7 years.
20. You need to be at least half bald for it to become noticeable.
21. Human hair is virtually indestructible.
Internal organs
We do not remember the internal organs until they disturb us, but it is thanks to them that we can eat, breathe, walk and all that.
22. The largest internal organ is the small intestine.
23. The human heart creates enough pressure to send blood spurting seven and a half meters forward.
24. Stomach acid can dissolve razor blades.
25. The length of all blood vessels in the human body is about 96,000 km.
26. The stomach is completely renewed every 3-4 days.
27. The surface area of human lungs is equal to the area of a tennis court.
28. A woman's heart beats faster than a man's.
29. Scientists say that the liver has more than 500 functions.
30. The aorta has a diameter almost equal to that of a garden hose.
31. The left lung is smaller than the right - so that there is room for the heart.
32. You can remove most of the internal organs and live on.
33. The adrenal glands change size throughout human life.
Body work
We don't really like to talk about it. Here are some facts about not the most pleasant things that concern our body.
34. The speed of a sneeze is 160 km/h.
35. The speed of coughing can even reach 900 km/h.
36. Women blink twice as often as men.
37. A full bladder is about the size of a softball.
38. Approximately 75% of human life products consist of water.
39. There are approximately 500,000 sweat glands on the legs, they can produce up to a liter of sweat per day!
40. In a lifetime, a person produces so much saliva that it can fill a couple of pools.
41. On average, a person releases gases 14 times a day.
42. Earwax is essential for ear health.
Sex and procreation
Sex is a largely taboo, but very important part of human life and relationships. Procreation is no less important. You may not have known a few things about them.
43. Every single day in the world there are 120 million sexual acts.
44. The largest human cell is the egg, and the smallest is the sperm.
45. During the first trimester of pregnancy, women most often dream of frogs, worms and plants.
46. Teeth begin to grow six months before birth.
47. Almost all babies are born with blue eyes.
48. Children are strong as bulls.
49. One in 2,000 babies is born with a tooth.
50. The fetus acquires fingerprints at the age of three months.
51. Each person for half an hour of his life was a single cell.
52. For most men, an erection occurs every hour or every hour and a half during sleep: after all, at night the brain is much more active.
The senses
We perceive the world through the senses. Here are some interesting facts about them.
53. After a hearty meal, we hear worse.
54. Only one third of all people have one hundred percent vision.
55. If saliva cannot dissolve something, you will not taste it.
56. From birth, women have a better sense of smell than men (this confirms the idea of a more developed intuition in women - vg_saveliev).
57. The nose remembers 50,000 different scents.
58. Pupils dilate even due to small interference.
59. All people have their own unique smell.
Aging and death
We age throughout our lives - that's the way it works.
60. The mass of ash of a cremated person can reach 4 kg.
61. By the age of sixty, most people have lost about half of their taste buds.
62. The eyes are the same size throughout life, but the nose and ears grow throughout life.
63. At 60, 60% of men and 40% of women will snore.
64. The head of a child is a quarter of its height, and by the age of 25 the length of the head is only an eighth of the entire length of the body.
Diseases and injuries
We all get sick and injured. And that's pretty interesting too!
65. Most heart attacks occur on Mondays.
66. People can go much longer without food than without sleep.
67. When you burn in the sun, it damages the blood vessels.
68. 90% of diseases are caused by stress.
69. The human head remains conscious for 15-20 seconds after it has been cut off.
Muscles and bones
Muscles and bones are the frame of our body, thanks to them we move and even just lie down.
70. You use 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. If you don't want to strain your face, smile. Anyone who walks around with a sour face often and for a long time knows how hard it is.
71. Children are born with 300 bones, while adults have only 206.
72. In the morning we are a centimeter higher than in the evening.
73. The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue.
74. The heaviest bone in the human body is the jaw bone.
75. To take a step, you use 200 muscles.
76. Tooth is the only organ incapable of regeneration.
77. Muscles decrease twice as slowly as they pump up.
78. Some bones are stronger than steel.
79. The feet contain a quarter of all the bones of the human body.
At the cellular level
There are some things you can't see with the naked eye.
80. There are 16,000 bacteria per square centimeter of the body.
81. Every 27 days you literally change your skin.
82. Every minute 3,000,000 cells die in the human body.
83. People lose about 600,000 skin particles every hour.
84. Every day, the adult human body produces 300 billion new cells.
85. All tongue prints are unique.
86. There is enough iron in the body to make a 6 cm nail out of it.
87. The most common blood type in the world is the first.
88. The lips are red because there are many capillaries under the skin.
Some more interesting facts
89. The colder the room where you sleep, the more likely you are to have a nightmare.
90. Tears and mucus contain the enzyme lysozyme, which destroys the cell walls of many bacteria.
91. In half an hour the body releases as much energy as it takes to boil one and a half liters of water.
92. Ears produce more earwax when you are afraid.
93. You can't tickle yourself.
94. The distance between your outstretched arms is your height.
95. Man is the only animal that cries because of emotions.
96. Right-handers live an average of nine years longer than left-handers.
97. Women burn fat more slowly than men - about 50 calories a day.
98. The fossa between the nose and the lip is called the nasal groove.
99. A feeling of fatigue appears at loads of 35-65% of the absolute capacity.
100. The activity of the cardiovascular system is maximum by 18 o'clock, minimum at 3-4 o'clock.
101. The biological qualities of offspring increase from the 1st to the 4th child, then fall.
102. The composition of blood plasma is reminiscent of the composition of the water of prehistoric foreshores, in which life originated.
103. For one contraction, the heart pumps 200 ml of blood.
104. Complete circulation of the blood of an adult occurs in 20-28 seconds, in a child - in 15 seconds, in a teenager - in 18 seconds.
105. The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue, not the heart. The heart is the most enduring muscle.
106. The total length of hair on the head, grown on average by a person during his life, is 725 kilometers.
107. A person who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day drinks half a cup of tar a year.
108. Tooth enamel can be compared to quartz. It is known that even the tip of a saber blunts when it hits the enamel.
The largest internal organ is the small intestine. Its length is approximately four human height. It's amazing how it fits in the abdominal cavity!
The human heart creates enough pressure to squirt blood over a distance of 9 meters. There is nothing surprising in the fact that it is very easy to feel the heartbeat. In order to pump blood around your body quickly and efficiently, it takes a lot of effort from your heart to build up the right level of pressure. This is possible due to the strong contractions of the heart and the thick walls of the ventricles.
The acid in the stomach can dissolve a razor blade. Of course, it is not worth checking this in practice in any case, but the fact is that the acid that helps digest food is very strong. The hydrochloric acid in the human stomach can not only digest a heavy meal, but also pieces of metal that could accidentally enter the stomach.
The total length of blood vessels in the human body is approximately 95.5 thousand kilometers. For comparison, the circumference of our planet is 40 thousand kilometers. Thus, the length of human blood vessels is enough to encircle the Earth with a margin.
The lining of the stomach wall is renewed every three to four days. The mucous coating of the walls of the stomach dissolves quickly under the influence of gastric juice, which is a strong acid, so it must be constantly renewed. Patients with an ulcer are well aware of the problems with the process of updating this coating.
The surface area of human lungs is equal to the surface area of a tennis court. In order to oxygenate the blood as efficiently as possible, the lungs contain thousands of branching bronchi and small, grape-like alveoli. They are filled with microscopic capillaries. It is this all together that allows the lungs to easily do their job and saturate the blood with oxygen.
A woman's heart beats faster than a man's. It's simple - the body of an average woman is smaller than the body of an average man, which means that the heart needs to pump less blood. But a woman's heart and a man's heart can behave differently, especially after an injury like a heart attack. Many treatments that are suitable for men need to be reviewed or changed in order to be suitable for women.
Scientists have counted more than 500 functions that the liver performs. The liver is often remembered only after a stormy party, but it is one of the main workers of the human body. Here are just a few of its functions: bile production, red blood cell breakdown, plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification.
The aorta is slightly smaller than a garden hose. The heart of an average adult is approximately two fists. This size of the aorta is due to the fact that it is the main supplier of oxygen-rich blood.
The left lung is smaller than the right lung - this is necessary in order to leave room for the heart. If you ask to draw lungs, most people will draw them equal in size. Although the size of both lungs is approximately equal, but because of the heart, which is located in the center, it is nevertheless slightly shifted to the left, "oppressing" the left lung.
A person can live without a significant part of his internal organs. The human body may appear fragile, yet it can survive even without a stomach, spleen, 75% liver, 80% intestines, one kidney, one lung, and any of the organs in the groin. Your health will not be the best, but "you can live."
The adrenal glands change their size over time. Located, as the name implies, directly above the kidneys, they are responsible for the production of hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. At the seventh month of pregnancy, their size is approximately equal to the size of the kidneys themselves. After birth, they decrease, and this process continues throughout life. As a person ages, the adrenal glands become so large that they are almost impossible to see.