Beauty and health of teeth 

Diseases during pregnancy that are dangerous to the fetus. Rubella and other infections during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a serious burden on the body. In the expectant mother, not only the uterus and mammary glands increase, but also the fat layer under the skin, the amount of fluid in the body, the volume of blood moving through the vessels, the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems that regulate all processes in the body are activated. A healthy woman is well adapted to these and other changes inherent in pregnancy, although she also has some signs that are not typical at other times: weakness, drowsiness, taste perversion, heartburn, nausea, change in appetite, fatigue, irritability, impaired attention, decreased performance, etc. In women with a particular disease, these changes - both objective and subjective - are often more pronounced, pregnancy can cause an exacerbation of an existing disease, and its complications may appear.

The next important test for the female body is childbirth. During childbirth, not only the contraction of the uterus occurs, but also the tension of the muscular system of the whole organism, the activity of the circulatory, respiratory, endocrine glands and other organs and systems is sharply activated. Women suffering from various diseases must be prepared for this crucial period - to normalize the functional state of diseased organs as much as possible.

Let's see what this means for individual diseases.

Women with heart diseases (rheumatic and congenital heart defects, rheumatic or infectious myocarditis - inflammation of the heart muscle caused by various microbes, heart rhythm disturbances, etc.) need to be hospitalized three times: the first time - at 8-12 weeks of pregnancy, the second - at 26 -28 weeks and the third - 3 weeks before the due date.

The first hospitalization is needed to clarify the diagnosis of the disease (for example, what kind of heart disease is present, the degree of its severity, whether the heart disease is accompanied by arrhythmia, exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the heart muscle, circulatory disorders, how effective was the surgical treatment of heart disease, if it was performed, etc. d.). After clarifying the diagnosis, the issue of the admissibility of pregnancy for medical reasons is decided. The examination is often required rather complicated, and it is impossible to perform it on an outpatient basis in a short time.

The need for a second hospitalization is due to the fact that during pregnancy the load on the heart increases due to the need to pump through the circulatory system an increase in the amount of blood by a third or even one and a half times. This increase in blood mass is uneven and reaches a maximum by 28 weeks of pregnancy. The heart, weakened by a defect in its valves or an inflammatory process in its muscle, is unable to cope with such a load, and a circulatory disorder (or, in other words, circulatory failure) develops, requiring treatment in a hospital.

Finally, the third hospitalization is dictated by the need for another thorough examination to resolve the issue of the timing and method of delivery. The fact is that the work performed by the heart during childbirth is extremely large. With each contraction or attempt, 600-800 ml of blood flows from the contracting uterus to the heart, which must be quickly pumped into the aorta. If blood circulation is not disturbed during this period, then the heart will cope with the necessary load. Such a woman is under the supervision of doctors in the maternity hospital until the natural term of childbirth and gives birth spontaneously. If the heart is weakened, this stress can lead to acute heart failure (pulmonary edema). If the heart could not cope with the load already at the end of pregnancy (there was circulatory decompensation), the heart will be placed in very difficult conditions during childbirth. Such a woman needs to be prepared for childbirth, i. treat. Depending on the results of the treatment, it is decided which method of delivery will be the most sparing: spontaneous childbirth, childbirth with the exclusion of attempts by applying obstetric forceps or a caesarean section.

In addition to these three mandatory hospitalizations, some women are referred to a hospital, regardless of the duration of the 6 period, if they worsen the state of the cardiovascular system and they need treatment.

The combination of pregnancy with hypertension is often unfavorable for the development of the fetus and the health of the woman. The prognosis depends on the height and stability of blood pressure. At the level of systolic pressure (first digits) in the range of 140-159 mm Hg. Art. idiastolic (second digits) 90-95 mm Hg. Art. and with sufficient ease of normalizing it with medicinal and non-drug (rest, physiotherapy, etc.) means, the prognosis for pregnancy is favorable. At higher pressure and with its stability, the prognosis is often unfavorable and the constant participation of a general practitioner in monitoring such a pregnant woman is required. Therefore, in case of hypertension, repeated hospitalization of a pregnant woman is necessary.

The first time a woman is hospitalized at 8-12 weeks to clarify the stage of hypertension and decide on the possibility of continuing the pregnancy. Then, hospitalization is carried out every time the woman's condition worsens, when the blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mm Hg and it cannot be normalized at home within a week, as well as in case of hypertensive crises (increased blood pressure accompanied by a significant deterioration in well-being), the addition of preeclampsia1 or symptoms of fetal distress. The last hospitalization is necessary 3-4 weeks before the due date to decide on the time and method of delivery and to prepare for them.

In the final month of pregnancy, when the fetus is already mature enough, blood pressure often rises significantly, threatening the health and life of the mother and fetus. In these cases, delivery is carried out earlier than the expected date of birth. Usually, childbirth in such women is carried out expectantly, observing the patient and intensifying treatment during childbirth, because. during this period, blood pressure rises even in healthy puerperas. If, during attempts, increased pressure cannot be corrected with drugs, attempts can be turned off, and childbirth is completed with the help of obstetric forceps. The operation of caesarean section is resorted to only with the development of conditions that threaten the life of the mother and fetus.

In women suffering from bronchial asthma, each exacerbation of the disease is an indication for hospitalization, regardless of the duration of pregnancy, it is better to go to a therapeutic hospital, since it is rarely possible to eliminate asthma attacks in pregnant women at home. And when there are signs of a threatening abortion and two weeks before the due date, it becomes necessary to enter the maternity hospital to prepare for childbirth.

Women with chronic viral hepatitis B or C and liver cirrhosis "also require mandatory hospitalization in early pregnancy to determine the functional state of the liver, and depending on this, the continuation of pregnancy or its termination. Deterioration of liver function during pregnancy is an indication for repeated treatment in hospital or termination of pregnancy, regardless of its duration.Finally, three weeks before the due date, hospitalization is needed to prepare for them.

In most chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum, chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chronic colitis, etc.), a pregnant woman is sent to a hospital only with exacerbations of the disease that cannot be eliminated at home.

One of the most common diseases in pregnant women - iron deficiency anemia (anemia) - usually amenable to successful treatment at home. Only the most severe cases of the disease with blood hemoglobin levels below 69 g/l require hospitalization.

At the same time, other forms of anemia are much more severe, and women go to the maternity hospital immediately after the patient appears to the doctor. With aplastic or hypoplastic anemia (with this disease, the formation of all blood cells is significantly inhibited), an urgent termination of pregnancy is performed, for which the woman is sent to the maternity hospital immediately after the diagnosis is confirmed.

Pregnant women with acute and chronic leukemia (malignant blood diseases) are hospitalized immediately after contacting a doctor. They need to terminate the pregnancy at any time.

Not so long ago, chronic glomerulonephritis - inflammation of the urinary part of the kidneys - was considered a contraindication for pregnancy. It has now been found that this does not apply to all forms of the disease. Therefore, women with glomerulonephritis should be hospitalized before 12 weeks of pregnancy to clarify the diagnosis and decide whether to continue the pregnancy. Patients who have a latent (hidden) form of the disease can be further observed in the antenatal clinic and enter the maternity hospital with the onset of childbirth. Patients with the nephrotic form of the disease (in this form, edema prevails) should be hospitalized as many times and stay in the hospital for as long as their condition requires (sometimes several months until childbirth). If patients with hypertensive (in this form, an increase in blood pressure) and mixed (edematous-hypertonic) forms of glomerulonephritis, in which pregnancy is contraindicated, refuse to terminate the pregnancy, they are subject to the tactics recommended for the nephrotic form of the disease. Since patients with nephrotic, hypertensive and mixed forms of glomerulonephritis may need early delivery, such women should be admitted to the maternity hospital in advance (at 36-37 weeks of pregnancy). Early labor activity is called upon detection of fetal suffering and a threat to his life or in order to avoid a sharp increase in blood pressure in the last weeks of pregnancy, which is dangerous for both the mother and the fetus.

Urolithiasis may not manifest itself during pregnancy. Then women enter the maternity hospital only for childbirth. Exacerbation of urolithiasis (the appearance of attacks of renal colic), the addition of pyelonephritis (urinary tract infection), pregnancy complications dictate the need for hospitalization, regardless of the duration of pregnancy.

If with acute pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) that occurs during pregnancy, there is no need to terminate the pregnancy, because it is successfully treated, then chronic pyelonephritis, complicated by high blood pressure or renal failure, or pyelonephritis of the only kidney is an indication for abortion, because it threatens life sick. Therefore, often women with chronic pyelonephritis have to be sent to the maternity hospital for examination in the early stages of pregnancy. Pyelonephritis often worsens during pregnancy and is difficult to treat. This is facilitated by natural changes in the urinary tract, characteristic of the period of pregnancy: expansion of the renal pelvis, ureters and bladder, slowing down the outflow of urine through them, etc. Therefore, the treatment of exacerbations of pyelonephritis at home is not always effective, and a woman is forced to be hospitalized whenever this exacerbation occurs .

Pregnancy significantly affects the course of diabetes. This influence lies in the fact that at certain stages of pregnancy, the function of the pancreas naturally either increases or weakens. Accordingly, the hormone insulin produced by iron becomes either more or less in the blood. If the patient receives treatment with insulin injections in the same dose, this can lead to serious complications. It is more reliable to change the dose of insulin under the control of studies conducted in a hospital. That is why patients with diabetes should be admitted to the maternity hospital or the therapeutic department at a certain time.

In the first weeks, as soon as the pregnancy is diagnosed, the woman is hospitalized to assess the severity of the disease and carefully compensate for diabetes by adjusting the dose of insulin. The next hospitalization is carried out at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy, when the course of the disease worsens and the dose of insulin needs to be increased. Finally, a woman enters the hospital at 32 weeks to reduce the dose of insulin, compensate for diabetes and resolve the issue of the timing and method of delivery.

If the pregnancy proceeds safely and diabetes mellitus is compensated (blood sugar levels remain within the normal range), childbirth should be timely. With insufficiently compensated diabetes or with a complicated course of pregnancy, premature delivery is performed at 37 weeks of gestation. Whether a woman will give birth herself or will need to do a caesarean section depends on the condition of the mother and the fetus.

The given examples of the combination of pregnancy with some diseases of the internal organs show that there can be no uniform recommendations for all women who do not have good health. However, evidence-based principles for monitoring and treating almost all diseases during pregnancy have now been developed. It is very important for a woman to turn to a antenatal clinic in a timely manner so that in the early stages of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks) doctors can assess her health in terms of upcoming motherhood, outline a plan and timing of the examination.

Every woman should have an idea of ​​what is dangerous during pregnancy. For nine months of waiting, a woman is visited by many thoughts, and not all of them are pleasant. Worrying about the health of the baby, the upcoming birth, etc. are in vain in many cases. However, while waiting for the baby, there are several dangerous stages that a woman should be aware of in order to understand and prevent trouble in a timely manner, if necessary.

During pregnancy, the first dangerous period may develop in the second or third week. This is the time when a woman may not be aware of her interesting position. A fertilized egg, after entering the uterus, is fixed on the mucous membrane. For a number of reasons, the process of fixing the fetal egg in the uterus can be disrupted, then the pregnancy is terminated and the woman begins an early miscarriage, which is quite difficult to diagnose (in some cases, menstruation can be very heavy). For the normal fixation of the fetal egg, an extremely important condition of the endometrium. Various anomalies of the uterus, damage to the inner layer (endometrium) as a result of inflammation, multiple abortions can cause a violation of fixation. Also, the normal attachment of the egg can be prevented by uterine contractions after inflammation, curettage, or any diseases (myoma, endometriosis, etc.). In addition, chromosomal changes in the fetus can also lead to early termination of pregnancy, since the body gets rid of the "unhealthy" fetus on its own.

The second dangerous period is the period of 8-12 weeks, when the placenta begins to form. During this period, one of the main reasons for abortion are hormonal disorders, which can occur due to malfunctions of the ovaries, thyroid gland, and also due to the increased production of male sex hormones by the body of a pregnant woman. In this case, the doctor must choose the right treatment, while it is important to identify and prevent the pathology in a timely manner.

During this period, environmental factors are of great importance for the further development of the embryo: radiation (including industrial vibrations or sports), chemicals (smoking, pesticides, phenols, drugs, alcohol, etc.), viruses and infections.

During the first trimester of pregnancy, a woman's body adapts to a new state, a woman experiences a colossal mental and physical stress, so in the first months of pregnancy, you need to be as careful as possible about your health.

The third dangerous period of pregnancy occurs at 18 - 22 weeks. During this period, the risk of developing placental pathology (previa, malposition, detachment, etc.) increases.

In addition, the most common cause of miscarriage during this period is isthmic-cervical insufficiency, i.e. a condition in which the cervix cannot cope with its main function - holding the fetus in the uterus. High levels of male sex hormones, trauma, congenital anomalies, deformities after previous births - all this can cause softening and opening of the cervix. Your doctor may put in stitches to prevent miscarriage.

Also during this period, the likelihood of pathological conditions of the placenta, membranes, premature withdrawal of water as a result of untreated infectious diseases (chlamydia, ureaplasma, etc.) increases.

The fourth dangerous period may be at 28 - 32 weeks. At this time, the risk of developing preeclampsia, placental abruption, placental insufficiency increases, which can cause premature birth.

A woman, when approaching a dangerous period of pregnancy, should exclude heavy physical exertion, nervous shocks, and sex. If the probability of termination of pregnancy is high enough, it is best to go to the hospital under the supervision of specialists, so that timely assistance is provided if necessary.

Dangerous days during pregnancy

During pregnancy, various pathological processes can develop that jeopardize the further bearing of the child. The entire first trimester is considered to be the most vulnerable period, since any medications, nervous shocks, diseases, etc., are exactly what is dangerous during pregnancy. However, there are also other days that can threaten normal gestation.

But in each case, the pregnancy proceeds individually, and the above-mentioned critical periods do not necessarily develop on certain days of pregnancy. The risk of miscarriage can occur in each woman individually. For example, if a woman's previous pregnancy ended in a miscarriage, then the likelihood that the danger may recur at the same time is quite high, while both the physiological and psychological characteristics of the female body play an important role. Of course, you need to take care of your health not only on certain days of pregnancy (these days it is recommended to pay special attention, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body), which may threaten further gestation, but throughout the entire period of pregnancy.

Dangerous weeks during pregnancy

During pregnancy, the expectant mother is prone to various worries about the health of the unborn baby, the upcoming birth, etc. Quite often, such worries are in vain, but at different times there may be dangerous periods that can complicate further pregnancy. Among physicians, such periods are usually called dangerous or critical weeks.

In the first weeks of pregnancy, when a woman is usually not yet aware of her position, any external factor can disrupt the process of embryo attachment. With various diseases of the inner layer of the uterus (postoperative damage, inflammation, fibroids), the attachment of the fetal egg is complicated, and the likelihood of miscarriage increases. Also, a miscarriage occurs with various chromosomal pathologies, when the body rejects a deliberately unviable embryo.

At 8-12 weeks, due to hormonal disruptions in the body of a woman, a violation of the development of the placenta may occur, which is dangerous during pregnancy and can cause the death of the fetus.

In the second trimester, when an active increase in the uterus begins (18-22 weeks), the risk of premature termination of pregnancy also increases. With infections, a weakened cervix, and an incorrect location of the placenta, the course of pregnancy can be seriously complicated. During this period, a woman is assigned a second planned ultrasound examination in order to consider pathologies as early as possible and take action.

In the third trimester (28-32 weeks), placental abruption is possible. During ultrasound, the condition and integrity of the placenta is carefully studied by a specialist. This complication can cause preeclampsia (late toxicosis), death of a child in the womb, premature birth. Children born during this period can survive, but they require special care.

Is orgasm dangerous during pregnancy?

From the first days of pregnancy, huge hormonal changes begin in the female body. For some women, sexual desire becomes stronger, feelings during sex become more intense, become more intense. During pregnancy, the uterus grows, blood circulation in the pelvis increases, which causes an increase in desire and the appearance of brighter sensations. Some women change their sexual preferences, they want more affectionate, tender relationships.

The orgasm experienced by the future mother gives pleasant sensations not only to the woman, but also to the child in her womb. During orgasm, increased blood circulation contributes to a better supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. With contractions of the uterus during orgasm, there is some training in labor activity. The hormones of happiness released during orgasm have a good effect on both the woman and the child.

Sometimes a pregnant orgasm is very necessary. When the due date has already come, but the child is in no hurry to be born, an orgasm can push the birth process.

However, under certain conditions, orgasm is a danger to the health of the woman and the child. Orgasm leads to strong contractions of the uterus, which is dangerous during pregnancy, when there is a risk of miscarriage (increased tone). Also, orgasm is contraindicated for a woman in the last days of pregnancy, since in this case the likelihood of premature birth increases.

Dangerous infections during pregnancy

All dangerous infections that threaten a pregnant woman are conventionally divided into two types:

  • dangerous before pregnancy;
  • dangerous during pregnancy.

Chickenpox or chickenpox is one of those diseases that are best tolerated in childhood, since the disease in a child is almost harmless, while for an adult, especially for a pregnant woman, the infection poses a serious danger. The greatest danger is infection for up to 20 weeks, before and after childbirth.

Rubella is also a childhood disease. In a child, the disease occurs with less pronounced symptoms than in an adult. If a girl had rubella in childhood, then in adulthood she is protected by antibodies produced during the disease. If there is no immunity to infection, then the pregnant woman must be as careful as possible so as not to become infected. The disease poses the greatest danger in the early stages, since in this case there is a very high risk of damage or death of the fetus.

Toxoplasmosis is a rather dangerous infection, and doctors pay special attention to this disease. The infection poses a serious danger to the child and can occur in the body without any symptoms.

Experts recommend taking all the necessary tests before pregnancy in order to exclude the possibility of developing latent infections. If the results of the analysis show antibodies in the woman's body, then she has already had toxoplasmosis. In the absence of antibodies, you should be as careful as possible to prevent infection during pregnancy. The carriers of the disease are predominantly cats, so a pregnant woman who does not have antibodies to the infection should minimize contact with them. In addition, the quality of food should be monitored: meat should be well cooked, vegetables, fruits, herbs, etc. should be washed thoroughly.

Cytomegalovirus is dangerous not only before pregnancy, but also directly during pregnancy. A woman may not even know about the infection, but the disease can pose a serious danger to the unborn child. It is generally accepted that primary infection poses a great danger to the fetus, exacerbation of the disease during pregnancy is not such a threat. Cytomegalovirus is transmitted through saliva, semen, and blood. If the disease is detected before pregnancy, then important attention should be paid to strengthening the immune system in order to prevent exacerbation during pregnancy.

Genital herpes in the early stages of pregnancy leads to miscarriage or missed pregnancy, in the second half of the term - to congenital anomalies in the child. Infection of the child can be during the passage of the birth canal or even in the womb through the placenta. In some cases, a woman is advised to have a caesarean section in order to prevent infection of the child.

However, not all women at the planning stage are examined and almost all tests are taken already with the onset of pregnancy. If the tests revealed infections, which is dangerous during pregnancy and can have serious consequences, then you should follow all the doctor's recommendations and undergo a course of treatment in order to minimize the risk of possible complications.

Dangerous diseases during pregnancy

Almost any disease during pregnancy can cause negative consequences, including malformations, miscarriages, etc.

Measles is the most contagious disease that is easily caught in childhood, the symptoms of the disease resemble acute respiratory infections, but on the third day a characteristic rash appears. For a pregnant woman who has not had measles, infection in the first three months can cause miscarriage or malformations (oligophrenia, central nervous system damage, etc.). In the early stages of pregnancy, possible fetal defects are extremely difficult to diagnose. Usually, a woman who has had measles in the first weeks of pregnancy is offered to have an abortion in order to completely eliminate the risk of having a sick child.

Mumps or mumps is not as contagious as chickenpox or measles, but no less dangerous for a pregnant woman. Among pregnant women, mumps is quite common, so the disease should be avoided, because it is dangerous during pregnancy that it is infection in the first trimester of pregnancy, when all the main organs and functions of the unborn child develop. The mumps virus easily penetrates the fetus. It is generally accepted that the virus infects the ovaries, which leads to miscarriage (usually 10-14 days after infection). If, after the disease, the pregnancy continues to develop normally, then there is no reason for concern, since mumps does not lead to abnormal development of the fetus. Infection of the child can occur if the mother falls ill in the last weeks of pregnancy, but in this case, everything passes with minimal consequences.

Influenza, especially in the first weeks of pregnancy, can lead to intrauterine death of the fetus, at a later date the risk of preterm birth increases, but the disease does not provoke anomalies in the development of the fetus.

Chlamydia can cause miscarriage, often the child becomes infected during the passage of the birth canal, which can subsequently cause conjunctivitis, pneumonia.

Jaundice does not pose a threat to the unborn child, but the risk of infection during childbirth is extremely high.

Borreliosis is carried mainly by ticks, the disease rarely affects the fetus, but there is a risk of neurological abnormalities, heart disease.

What is dangerous during pregnancy should be known to every woman who is preparing to become a mother. During this period, it is extremely important to take care of your health, since the future health of the child largely depends on the state of the mother's health.

Perhaps the most common disease among pregnant women is the common cold. The causative agent of this disease can be viruses or hypothermia of the body. As you might guess, the most likely to catch a cold falls on the cold season - winter and early spring. There is even a popular belief: if a girl starts to catch cold too often, then this is a sign of pregnancy.

These are just superficial similarities to the common cold, which are caused by hormonal changes after conception that lead to fatigue, fluid retention, and a persistently stuffy nose.

During pregnancy, the body of even the most healthy woman is in a state of suppression of the immune system, so that there is no accidental rejection reaction capable of destroying her own child, which the body can mistake for a foreign body. As a result of this immunosuppression, the woman becomes more susceptible to all seasonal diseases in order to save the life of the baby.

Many women mistakenly consider immunosuppression to be a pathology and try to cure it. According to doctors, this condition is a normal behavior of the body during pregnancy and is not a cause for concern.

A cold, like any other illness during pregnancy, can harm the baby. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor your health and pay attention to the most harmless signs of the disease. Not many moms manage to have a pregnancy in a warm climate, so try not to catch the flu or a cold in the autumn-winter period. Any wrong step during pregnancy can harm the health of the baby!

The very first symptoms of a cold during pregnancy can be headaches, constant fatigue and malaise. Already in the first day, the condition may worsen. A runny nose appears, then a sore throat begins and a cough begins. In some cases, a cough may appear before other symptoms. Loss of appetite and sore throat are also indicative of a viral illness. As a rule, if the disease is not very serious, then a cold during pregnancy can occur without a high temperature, usually no more than 38 degrees.

The greatest discomfort is delivered by the first 2-3 days of a cold, with proper treatment of which the disease quickly begins to recede.

As a rule, signs of a cold can occur when the body gets wet or hypothermic. More complex diseases of acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections appear as a result of the action of viruses and bacteria. In all cases, the symptoms of the disease are very similar, but require a different approach to treatment. Not every young mother will be able to distinguish between bronchitis, pneumonia or sinusitis. Therefore, before starting treatment, it will be important to find out what disease you have to deal with.

Why is a cold dangerous during pregnancy?

Another unpleasant moment - the virus may already be in your body, but not be active. But with the onset of favorable conditions, which include pregnancy, the virus begins its active reproduction. Most often this happens in the first trimester, when the fetus is just beginning to develop and form. Even a minor illness like a cold can cause a delay in the development of a child's vital organs.

If herpes has appeared on the lips, which happens quite often during pregnancy, then there is no reason to worry. The appearance of a cold on the lips can give the child immunity to this disease after birth, since along with nutrients, the baby also receives antibodies against viruses.

The most dangerous thing in the first weeks of pregnancy is to get rubella. The symptoms of this viral infection are very similar to the common cold: cough, runny nose and swollen lymph nodes. There may be minor skin rashes that only an experienced dermatologist can see. Even a slight runny nose is another serious danger. If you do not start his treatment in time, the disease can progress to sinusitis, bronchitis or pneumonia.

Another big danger for the baby is viral infections such as the flu. There are usually 2 options here: either the virus does not have any effect on the development of the child, or defects appear that lead to spontaneous miscarriage. In such a situation, it is necessary to be observed by a specialist. Only he can tell if the pregnancy is going well. If the results of analyzes and studies do not reveal any pathologies, then there is no reason for concern.

Such serious diseases will have to be treated with serious drugs. But in the first months, the embryo is so weak that any medicine can terminate the pregnancy. The sad fact is that you can kill a baby even before you know about the pregnancy. If the pregnancy was planned, then taking care of your health should begin from the first days after conception.

Colds in the second trimester are less dangerous, but do not relax! A lot of unpleasant complications can also occur in mommy: polyhydramnios, the development of inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs, complications in the postpartum period and chronic infections.

No one can say how a harmless cold will end, but if you take care of maintaining immunity and combating the first symptoms of the disease in a timely manner, then this will not affect the health of the mother and child!

But even a severe form of a cold during pregnancy is not a sentence. The mother's body can withstand many diseases without consequences for the fetus and the woman herself. It all depends on the state of health and genetic predisposition.

Cold treatment during pregnancy

As mentioned earlier, many diseases have similar symptoms, so before starting treatment, you need to know exactly which disease will have to be defeated. Of course, it is best to entrust this task to a specialist - your doctor. In a state of pregnancy, completely different methods of treating a cold are required. Medications habitual in the normal state may be ineffective during pregnancy, and even lead to complications!

First of all, with any signs of a cold, you should cancel all your plans and lie down at home for a couple of days. During the treatment of diseases during pregnancy, bed rest is a prerequisite. It will be possible to leave the house or do housework only after the treatment of all symptoms. If the treatment of a cold is delayed, then you need to re-contact your doctor!

An important element of health and treatment during pregnancy will be a proper balanced diet and a sufficient amount of clean drinking water. Water helps to remove pathogens and accumulated toxins from the body. But this does not mean that water consumption should become uncontrolled. Excess water in the body can lead to edema.

It is recommended not to load the gastrointestinal tract with heavy food during pregnancy, but to choose more digestible foods and dishes. Spicy, salty and fried foods should also be excluded. Cereals and steamed vegetables, dairy products or dietary broths will be an excellent source of energy. In a word - choose warm and liquid food. Love onions and garlic - great, a couple of garlic cloves will help you cope with the disease faster.

It is strictly forbidden to take alcohol and drugs based on alcohol. Do not take antibiotics, antipyretics, immunomodulators and products that increase blood pressure without the need and permission of a doctor. It is best to use natural preparations and traditional medicine.

Treatment of colds during pregnancy folk remedies

Most drugs are generally prohibited or not recommended during pregnancy, because pharmaceutical companies are afraid to take responsibility for possible fetal defects. Any caring mother should understand that any pill can affect the child in the most unpredictable way. Therefore, it is best to resort to centuries-old folk remedies for the treatment of colds - medicinal herbs!

It is not recommended to take herbal tinctures for alcohol, like any alcohol. Even a small dose of alcohol can cause irreparable harm to the fetus! The heart of the child works at a high pace - at least 200 beats per minute. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can further accelerate this rhythm, and this can lead to chronic heart disease after birth!

During epidemics, it is better to use more effective means to maintain immunity. For example, regular horseradish is one of the most effective cold remedies during pregnancy. Such a folk recipe is especially popular: you need to finely grind the horseradish root and mix with an equal amount of honey, refined sugar is also not recommended. Put the resulting mixture in a warm place for 1 day and take a tablespoon every hour.

Against a cough, inhalations with sage or chamomile will be effective. They soften the inflamed nasopharynx and treat a runny nose. To carry out inhalation, it is necessary to boil the potatoes along with the peel, adding a tablespoon of eucalyptus or chamomile leaves to it, and then inhale its vapors directly from the pan while covering your head with a towel.

If you suffer from dry throat, then you can make decoctions for gargling from calendula, chamomile or sage. If herbs do not help get rid of pain, then you can buy ready-made rinse mixtures in the form of tablets at the pharmacy, they quickly dissolve in water and disinfect the oral cavity. The most suitable during pregnancy are Furacilin or Chlorhexidine.

Another proven remedy for treating colds during pregnancy is honey and bee products! These tasty and healthy treats are an excellent remedy for respiratory diseases. Honey will be especially effective in combination with lemon and rosehip infusion as a tea. But you should not get carried away with honey towards the end of pregnancy - your baby may have an allergy, and your mother may have diabetes.

The danger of overheating when treating a cold

Particular care in the treatment of colds in pregnant women should be shown to water procedures. A relaxing hot bath with salt or essential oils can have a stimulating effect on the uterus, which can lead to miscarriage or premature birth! It is also forbidden to go to the bath or sauna.

Be careful with the leg park. Heat causes blood to rush to the legs, and there is a chance that blood will drain from the placenta, which will cause a lack of oxygen and nutrients in the baby.

Colds during pregnancy are best treated in dry and warm conditions. Wear a scarf, wool socks and warm pajamas. Just a few nights in this form will significantly improve your well-being and relieve sore throat and runny nose.

Runny nose and stuffy nose

A severe runny nose with a cold makes breathing difficult not only for the mother, but also for the child. This syndrome is called hypoxia. But along with the lack of oxygen, the body begins to experience a lack of water! With a severe runny nose, the body can lose 2 liters of fluid per day! Therefore, try to make up for these losses during the day.

Also, during pregnancy, it is not recommended to abuse unnecessarily nasal drops like Naphthyzinum, Nazivin or Galazolin. Carefully read the instructions for the drops and do not exceed the recommended dosages. The fact is that these drops contain vasoconstrictive substances, the action of which can adversely affect the blood supply to the placenta, which can lead to a delay in the development of your child.

In addition, everyone knows about the dependence on such drops. Already after 3 days of using Naphthyzin, addiction and almost drug addiction may occur, which will provoke you to frequent instillations into the nose, even for no reason. This is due to vasospasm and swelling of the nasal mucosa. As a rule, the drops give only temporary relief, and after a while the nose is stuffed up even more, which leads to a vicious circle! The use of these drops is recommended only during a strong flow of mucus from the nose.

Pregnant girls are even more prone to drip addiction, many feel nasal congestion throughout pregnancy until the baby is born. In this case, it is best to rinse the nose with a weak solution of salt - only half a teaspoon of salt per glass of water will be enough. You can also buy seawater-based nasal drops, such as Aquamaris. Or drip a couple of drops of aloe juice into the nose.

Another effective remedy is the Asterisk balm. You can simply inhale it, and lubricate your nose with it. The ointment "Doctor Mom" ​​based on herbs has a similar effect. Closely monitor the manifestation of allergic reactions, if they appear, then it is not advisable to use these ointments and balms.

Boosting immunity with vitamins

During pregnancy, women need vitamins more than ever! Therefore, try to eat as much fresh fruit as possible every day! Apples, bananas, oranges, tangerines, pineapples are available almost all year round. And in the summer season, do not deny yourself juicy berries - raspberries, strawberries, cherries and others will quickly fill your body with vitamins. Most often, this method is much cheaper and more effective than using tablets and capsules with synthetic vitamins.

If you want to take pharmacy vitamins, then be sure to visit a doctor's consultation! After all, much depends on the duration of pregnancy and the presence of diseases. The doctor may recommend taking ascorbic acid to maintain tone during infectious diseases. The most important thing is not to take vitamins more than the norm, an overdose of vitamins can lead to improper development of your baby!

What to do with a high temperature during pregnancy?

As a rule, colds pass at a body temperature of 38 degrees. Higher temperatures are very rare. In this case, the doctor may prescribe antipyretic drugs, such as paracetamol. Aspirin is not recommended as one of its side effects can be miscarriage! It is strictly forbidden to take any even the latest antibiotics, which can lead to the development of fetal defects. Colds during pregnancy can be cured without them.

If a sharp rise in temperature is accompanied by chills, then it is best to wrap yourself in a warm blanket and drink a few cups of hot herbal tea from raspberries, oregano, or coltsfoot. Heat will help expand blood vessels and warm the body. Next, you need to bring down the heat, for this you can rub the body with 3% vinegar diluted with water.

Cold prevention during pregnancy

Treating a cold is not a pleasant occupation. It is best to take care of your health in advance! So that the disease does not take you by surprise during pregnancy, you must follow a few simple rules. An important condition for the prevention of any cold is strengthening the immune system!

The main success of health during pregnancy will be a healthy lifestyle! Urgently need to get rid of all bad habits. Try to spend more time outdoors - at least 3 hours a day. Hiking in a park or forest will help strengthen the immune system and heart muscles. In cold or rainy weather, do not allow hypothermia of the body and getting wet of the lower extremities. You will have to forget about fashion - wear only comfortable and warm clothes. Ventilate your home as often as possible, clean and dust. Try to do therapeutic exercises or yoga every day.

Another good remedy for preventing colds during pregnancy is aromatherapy and essential oils. Oils such as mint, lavender, eucalyptus, rosemary and many others have a good antiseptic effect. But read the instructions carefully - many essential oils are not recommended during pregnancy, and also have individual intolerance. Also, onion and garlic have an antiseptic effect - you can not only eat them, but also lay out chopped slices where you spend most of the day.

Do not forget about basic safety even with family members, friends and neighbors - after all, it is not always possible to determine the presence of viral diseases in a person by appearance. A harmless conversation or a handshake will reward you with dangerous infectious agents. Moreover, any contact with sick people is prohibited! Try to avoid crowded and poorly ventilated places.

I like!

What diseases are especially dangerous during pregnancy?

Pregnant women, in principle, are dangerous to get sick, since any disease, as well as drugs to combat them, pose a threat to the fragile body of the baby. But there are diseases that are included in the group of especially dangerous during pregnancy, these are rubella, herpes, hepatitis, influenza, etc. They pose a mortal danger to the child being born. Therefore, we always strongly advise our patients in position to be very attentive to themselves, not to contact sick people, not to be in very crowded places without the need and to limit travel in public transport.

For pregnant women, viral infections pose a considerable risk, since during this period the mucous membranes of a woman are very sensitive to them. Do not risk it, it is better to see a doctor even with a runny nose or a slight cough than to incur serious danger.

Let's take a closer look at the most dangerous diseases for expectant mothers:

This acute viral disease spreads by airborne droplets and is characterized by the appearance of a red rash, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and neck, and high fever, very insidious. The fact is that the rubella virus can cross the placenta and harm the baby. At a short pregnancy, the risk of miscarriage and the development of serious pathologies in the baby is very high. To prevent the disease, we recommend getting vaccinated against rubella before pregnancy.

The herpes virus is quite common, once it enters the body, it "settles" in it forever, and "dozes" in the nervous system until the human immunity fails. Herpes is dangerous because it can cause a miscarriage, and at a later date, premature birth.

This virus enters the body sexually, through saliva and blood. If the immune system is weakened, it can cause damage to various organs. It is dangerous that the disease is often asymptomatic. And possible symptoms - fever, cough, swollen cervical lymph nodes, can be attributed to the common cold. The disease is dangerous for the fetus, it can provoke a miscarriage, malformations in the development of the organs and systems of the baby, and the death of the baby.

You can become infected with toxoplasmosis during contact with pets, eating infected meat. The danger to the baby is especially high in the acute form of the disease in the mother. When infected with a virus at an early stage, the child's central nervous system is affected, hydrocephalus and microcephaly are possible. When infected at a later date, the baby develops jaundice, various organs are affected.

The four diseases listed above are included in the group of so-called TORCH infections, tests for which pregnant women must be taken without fail.

  • Hepatitis.

Allocate hepatitis A, B, C and D. These viruses enter the body along with food, water and through the blood. The initial symptoms are similar to those of a cold: weakness, nausea, cough, fever. After a couple of days, urine darkens, itching begins throughout the code and the sclera of the eyes turn yellow.

Pregnant women are required to test for hepatitis, as it can be asymptomatic, and its effect on the baby will be significant. If the disease is detected, hospital treatment will be required.

  • Flu.

Once in the body, the influenza virus multiplies rapidly and spreads through the bloodstream throughout the body. Influenza can provoke a spontaneous miscarriage, in the early stages - deviations in the baby's cardiovascular system.

You can treat influenza during pregnancy with paracetamol and suppositories with cefecon. We always recommend herbal inhalations and drinking plenty of water. Do not take any other medicines without consulting your doctor, they can be extremely dangerous during pregnancy.

  • Scarlet fever.

Scarlet fever is caused by the same streptococcus that causes tonsillitis. The picture of the disease is as follows: the temperature rises sharply, the tonsils and lymph nodes increase, a rash occurs, pain in the joints. The danger of scarlet fever is the possibility of miscarriage, fetal hypoxia and various complications. The disease is very dangerous in the first trimester, as it is treated with antibiotics, which can be used with caution only after 12 weeks.

  • Chickenpox.

Chickenpox, which is familiar to everyone, which proceeds with an unpleasant rash over the body and temperature, is also extremely dangerous for pregnant women. The chickenpox virus is transmitted by airborne droplets, it is dangerous for the fetus with a high risk of neurological problems. It will be necessary to be treated under the close supervision of a therapist, and after the birth of the baby, it will be mandatory to observe a neuropathologist and a hematologist.

  • Measles.

Measles is dangerous because in almost 100% of cases, infection occurs after contact with the patient. Initially, there is a high temperature and muscle pain, on the third day a rash occurs. The virus is extremely dangerous for women in position, especially in the early stages.

  • Piggy.

This viral disease, which occurs at high temperature with headaches and loss of appetite, is dangerous for the fetus. Mumps does not provoke the occurrence of malformations, but can cause infection of the fetus and the development of infertility in the child. We recommend vaccinating against mumps before conception.

Any of these diseases in a pregnant woman requires the closest attention of a doctor. You will certainly be assigned additional tests and examinations, you will need to consult a geneticist. Turning to our clinic, you will always receive high-quality treatment and utmost care from the doctors. We will do our best to keep you and your baby healthy and happy.

The content of the article:

Pregnancy is the most crucial period in a woman's life, and the main task is to endure and give birth to a healthy baby. In order to avoid complications caused by all kinds of infections, it would be wise to undergo a series of examinations in advance.

It happens that the current pregnancy is unplanned. It’s not worth worrying about not passing tests. It is necessary to contact the antenatal clinic as soon as possible, talk with specialists and go through all the necessary diagnostics.

Treatment of infections in pregnant women has its own characteristics: many drugs cannot be used during this period.

Infections in a woman can be either viral or bacterial, latent, or acute. Only reasonable behavior and following the advice of a doctor will help prevent negative consequences.

Plan of diagnostic measures for a pregnant woman

Tests in pregnant women for infections

Laboratory diagnostics

1. Clinical blood test, including platelets and blood clotting.
2. General clinical analysis of urine.
3. Nechiporenko test.
4. Urine culture for flora.
5. Biochemistry of blood.
6. Blood for antibodies to herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, rubella, toxoplasmosis (TORCH infection),
7. Blood for thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4).
8. Blood antibodies to sexually transmitted infections, these include:

Gonorrhea,
ureaplasmosis,
chlamydia,
mycoplasmosis,
trichomoniasis.
9. Blood for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
10. Cytological analysis of cervical scraping.
11. Microscopy of a vaginal smear.
12. Study of cervical scrapings for STDs, preferably PCR - method (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, etc.).
13. Genetic screening for congenital malformations of the fetus.
14. Sowing on Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus.

In addition, you should be examined by the following specialists:

Gynecologist.
This doctor is the main one, it is he who will observe you for all 9 months of waiting and after childbirth.

Dentist.
Timely sanitation of the oral cavity will prevent the migration of pathogenic microflora from carious teeth to the female genital organs. Of course, it is better to cure teeth before pregnancy; it is undesirable to do this in the early and late periods.

Otorhinolaryngologist.
Some ENT diseases can become a source of permanent infection in the body. The task of the doctor is to take preventive measures and achieve the stage of remission of chronic diseases, for example, tonsillitis or sinusitis.

Cardiologist.
The mother's heart during pregnancy functions with a double load. To determine whether it will cope on its own or whether any supporting drugs are needed, the cardiologist will answer, after a preliminary analysis of the electrocardiogram.

A dermatologist or allergist will assess the condition of the skin and give recommendations if there is a history of allergies to anything.

Instrumental research methods

Before pregnancy, it is reasonable to perform an ultrasound of the thyroid gland, pelvic organs, kidneys, and mammary glands.

During pregnancy, a colposcopy is performed and an ultrasound assessment of the condition of the mother and the unborn child is given. In the second trimester, doppler ultrasound is done, this allows you to assess whether the vessels are coping with their functions and the fetus does not experience oxygen starvation.
It is important to have an ultrasound on time. The fact is that some anomalies in the development of the fetus are well visualized at a certain time, and then they are reduced (modified).

This is an approximate examination plan, if a woman suffered from any serious diseases before pregnancy, examination and tests are prescribed according to indications.

What diseases can a woman face during pregnancy?

Sexually transmitted infections

Chlamydia, Mycoplasmosis, Ureaplasmosis and Trichomoniasis are the most common sexual infections encountered by gynecologists when examining a pregnant woman.

You can become infected during pregnancy at any time through contact with a sick partner, or diseases in a chronic form existed earlier, and the diagnosis was established after a comprehensive examination.

Representatives of the weaker half may not have clinical manifestations (80% of cases), but this does not mean that it is not necessary to be treated. The tactics of treatment depends on the period at which the pathology was revealed.

In the first trimester, systemic therapy is not carried out, and oral medication is recommended from the second trimester of pregnancy, when the laying of the internal organs of the fetus is completed.

If the process is acute, then complaints typical of all STIs appear:

Itching and burning in the vagina,
redness,
selection,
pain in the lower abdomen,
frequent urination with pain,
discomfort during sexual contact.

Symptoms of general malaise may be present: weakness, loss of appetite. General symptoms are not pathogomonic, and only they cannot be guided.

The presence of chlamydial, mycoplasma infection in a pregnant woman is treated using drugs from the macrolide group, which, in addition, have a bacteriostatic effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The modern representative is the drug Josamycin (Vilprafen). It refers to first-line drugs if atypical microflora is detected. Josamycin is included in the European and Russian recommendations as an effective remedy against chlamydial infection in pregnant women, which cannot be said about the previously popular Erythromycin.

Rubella and pregnancy

Rubella is an acute viral infection that poses a danger to a pregnant woman. Infection often occurs from one's own sick child with this infection. Adults carry rubella more severely than children.

Symptoms of the disease:

The appearance of a rash on the face, spreading throughout the body, except for the palmar surface,
increase in temperature reaction,
chilling, pain in the muscles, throat, head.
inflammation of the joints of the fingers,
enlargement of the cervical and occipital lymph nodes.

During pregnancy, the virus enters the amniotic fluid and leads to malformations: deafness, blindness, mental retardation, anomalies in the development of internal organs.
Rubella infection is especially dangerous in the early stages.

The decision to keep the pregnancy is made individually, depending on the time at which the infection occurred. If a woman becomes ill with rubella closer to the third trimester, the likelihood of having a healthy baby is high, but there may be complications in labor and the baby's low weight.

urinary tract infection

A change in the hormonal background in a pregnant woman is a predisposing factor for the development of a urinary tract infection. A woman is concerned about frequent urination with pain, discomfort in the urethra after the act of urination, sometimes subfebrile temperature. Complaints may be absent, and the only sign of infection will be changes in the general analysis of urine: leukocytes and bacteria.

What contributes to the development of pathology:

The growth of the pregnant uterus
changes in the tone of the urinary tract,
violation of the outflow of urine,
decrease in immunity.

What to do

It needs to be examined. If the situation is left unattended, acute gestational pyelonephritis or carbuncle of the kidney will be a complication. These are very serious diseases that threaten the life of not only the fetus, but also the mother.

List of surveys:

General analysis of urine and blood,
Nechiporenko test,
urine culture for flora and antibiotic sensitivity,
daily proteinuria,
ultrasound examination of the urinary tract.

Intravenous urography for pregnant women is performed only for health reasons before surgical treatment.

How to Treat a Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy

Antibiotics are prescribed taking into account sensitivity and the absence of a damaging effect on the fetus. Preferred antibiotics from the penicillin group ( Flemoxin, Amoxiclav), but sometimes drugs from other groups are used. In each case, this is decided individually.

Phytopreparations are used: Kanefron, Monurel. Pregnancy is not a contraindication to taking these drugs.

You can take decoctions of diuretic herbs: Dill Seeds, Kidney Tea.

Spicy, sour, smoked, salty, alcohol, carbonated drinks should be excluded from the diet. But cranberry juice very well sanitizes the urinary tract and suppresses inflammation.

Respiratory tract infection

As a rule, it develops after hypothermia or contact with a sick person, against the background of reduced immunity. In the first trimester, when the fetal organs and systems are being laid, contacts with viruses are especially undesirable. It is not necessary that there will be infection of the amniotic fluid, but such a possibility exists.

It is especially important to carry out preventive treatment for those patients who have chronic diseases: bronchitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc. During the epidemic, in crowded places, you need to use a mask, try not to attend social events, take multivitamins.

Symptoms of a respiratory tract infection:

Malaise,
cough dry or wet.
sore throat,
headache,
temperature.

It must be remembered that there are drugs that are contraindicated for pregnant women. For instance:

Amiksin,
Arbidol,
Cycloferon,
Methyluracil,
rimantadine,
Polyoxidonium and other antiviral agents.

What to do

Before going to the doctor, you can take herbal teas: with raspberries, with linden, with eucalyptus, with chamomile. Hot milk with honey helps. You need to drink a lot, if there are no contraindications, up to 2 liters per day. Thanks to this, a detoxifying effect is achieved.

Inhalations with fir oil, chamomile, calendula, sage alleviate the symptoms of the disease.

If you are concerned about dry cough, apply Althea root, Tonsilgon, Thermopsis, Sinupret, Licorice root. Additionally appoint Bromhexine(after 1st trimester), Ambroxol, Mukaltin.

Acetylcysteine, Codeine and ethylmorphine contraindicated.

If the body temperature is high, first apply wet cool rubdowns with a 0.5% vinegar solution, apply a cold heating pad to the main vessels of the neck and inguinal region. If the temperature remains at high numbers, let's take antipyretics, preference is given to Paracetamol.

Do not use NSAIDs, the following drugs are prohibited:

Analgin,
indomethacin,
ibuprofen,
mefenamic acid.
Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid.

Of the antihistamines, the first-line agent is Loratadine, it can be taken after the 1st trimester.

If there is a need to take antibiotics, then the following drugs are acceptable:

aminopenicillins,
macrolides (azithromycin)
Cephalosporins II-III generation,
Cephalosporins with beta-lactamases.

Dynamic monitoring of the course of pregnancy with the implementation of all necessary screening studies is shown.

Intestinal infection in pregnant women

If the intestinal infection is not eliminated in time, the consequences can be unpredictable.
Rotavirus and enterovirus infection have some similar symptoms, and the difference is that with enterovirus the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are affected, and with rotovirus there are additional manifestations from the pharynx, eyes, muscle tissue, nervous system and even the heart.
Rotavirus infection is more severe.

How not to get sick

Of course, a pregnant woman should eat only high-quality freshly prepared foods, buying a variety of hamburgers, whites, cakes in obscure outlets is one of the ways to get an intestinal infection.

Food must be adequately cooked. Wash vegetables and fruits especially carefully.

If someone in the family is ill with intestinal flu, limit contact with a sick relative. It is better to use separate dishes.

Do not allow water to enter your mouth when swimming in ponds.

Signs of an intestinal infection

Sometimes, despite all measures, the following symptoms appear:

Pain in the stomach, in the abdomen,
nausea,
repeated vomiting
frequent loose stools
temperature increase,
bloating,
weakness.

These are the classic symptoms of an intestinal infection in pregnant women.

What to do

In this situation, assign Polysorb, Activated carbon, Smektu, Enterosgel- drugs from the group of sorbents.

The above drugs are not absorbed into the blood.

loperamide it is better not to use during pregnancy, the fact is that it blocks intestinal motility, which means that pathogenic microflora cannot leave the body. It is better to cook rice water.

Powders are used to restore the water-salt balance. Hydrovit and Regidron.
With severe nausea and vomiting in the second half of pregnancy, you can drink Cerucal.
Suppositories are recommended to stimulate the immune response. Viferon and Genferon. This is especially true for viral infections.

Of the antibacterial drugs, intestinal antiseptics are used: Ecofuril, Enterofuril. The drugs are not absorbed into the blood.

Intestinal microflora is restored by eubiotics: Linex, Acipol, Bifiform.

It is useful to drink a lot: rosehip broth, water with lemon juice, unsweetened dried fruit compotes will return the body the necessary fluid.

It should be borne in mind that nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea are not only symptoms of a rotavirus infection in a pregnant woman, sometimes other serious diseases are hidden behind them. Therefore, seek the advice of a doctor.

Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections

If the titer of these microbes does not exceed 10 to the 6th degree, and there are no clinical manifestations, treatment is not required. The clinic depends on the localization of the pathological process.

Diagnostics:

General analysis of blood and urine.
vaginal swab,
PCR - analysis,
sowing on the pathogen.

In cases where streptococcus or staphylococcus has caused inflammation of the vagina, bladder, urethra, kidneys, antibiotic therapy with aminopenicillin and cephalosporin drugs, local treatment is indicated.

HIV infection in pregnant women

The incubation period lasts from several months to several years. Infection does not lead to the development of the disease in 100% of cases. Often, HIV infection has no symptoms for a long period of time.

Pregnancy for an HIV-infected woman is a difficult test, since various complications develop against the background of suppressed immunity:

Intrauterine infection of the fetus,
premature birth,
generalized candidiasis,
frequent infectious diseases,
malignant processes.

How HIV is transmitted to the fetus

Without chemoprophylaxis from mother to fetus, the probability of transmission of the infection is, according to various sources, from 10 to 50%. If a woman is already observed in an AIDS center and receives the necessary therapy, there is a chance of giving birth to an uninfected child. In cases where the result of a blood test for HIV was a surprise, a consultation of an infectious disease specialist - gynecologist of the AIDS Center is indicated. In each case, the issue of tactics of conducting is decided individually.

To clarify the condition of the fetus, according to strict indications, amniocentesis (examination of amniotic fluid) and cordocetesis (examination of blood from the umbilical vein) are performed.

An HIV-infected woman is observed during pregnancy at the gynecologist of the antenatal clinic and the gynecologist of the AIDS center.

On baby, rubella during pregnancy