Iraq (Kurdistan): public holidays, bank holidays, school holidays

30.09.2019

German national holiday since 1990, is celebrated in accordance with the Treaty on the unification of Germany on October 3, the day the GDR entered the FRG, informs vedmochka.net. It is a non-working day. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the "Day of German Unity" was introduced in 1954 in memory of the events of June 17, 1953 in the GDR and was celebrated on June 17 from 1954 to 1990. After the unification of the country in 1990, the national holiday of the united country was supposed to first be postponed to November 9 - the day of the fall of the Berlin Wall. However, since this day was associated with dark periods in the history of Germany (the beer coup in 1923 and the November pogroms of 1938), a different date was chosen for the new public holiday - October 3, 1990 - the day of the final unification of the two German states.

The date of October 3 was enshrined in article 2 of the treaty on the unification of Germany of August 31, 1990 as a new date for the celebration of the "Day of German Unity". Today, October 3 is the only public holiday in Germany established at the federal level. All other holidays are governed by the Länder.

Holiday in the Republic of KoreaOctober 3, 2017 - State formation day.The national holiday of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) is State Foundation Day (Gaecheonjeol), celebrated on October 3. It was established to commemorate the founding of the first Korean kingdom, Gochoson (ancient Joseon). Gojoseon is considered the first Korean state formation. Its legendary founder is Tangun Wangom. According to the Samguk Yusa chronicle, in 2333 BC. e. he founded a kingdom on the banks of the Taedongan and Liaohe rivers. The date of the founding of ancient Joseon is questioned by most modern scientists, but it is known for sure that it existed until 108 BC. e. As the Day of the founding of the state, not the actual anniversary of the founding of Joseon is celebrated, but the day, according to legend, the father of Tangun Wangom, the son of the king of heaven, descended to Earth to live with people.

In 1909, this day acquired the status of a national holiday. Initially, it was celebrated on the third day of the tenth month according to the lunar calendar, but in 1949 it was decided to celebrate it on October 3 according to the Gregorian calendar. This holiday is also celebrated in North Korea, but it has no state status. On this day, a ceremony is held in the Tangun mausoleum near the capital of the DPRK - Pyongyang.

Holiday in Iraq October 3, 2017 - Independence Day.Iraqi Independence Day is celebrated annually on October 3. This national holiday commemorates Iraq's independence from Great Britain on this day in 1932. The territory of present-day Iraq for centuries was under the rule of various invaders: for example, in 1258 it was captured by the Mongols, and in 1534 - by the Ottoman Turks. Since Baghdad was far enough from the capital of the Ottoman Empire, the real power here was usually in the hands of the governors. During World War I, southern Iraq was invaded by Great Britain. By 1918, the British had gained control over the entire territory of Iraq. Finally, its colonial status was approved by the League of Nations at a conference in San Remo: in 1920, Great Britain received a mandate to govern Iraq. In 1921, the Kingdom of Iraq was formed, headed by Emir Faisal of the Hashemite dynasty.

A constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliament was established in the kingdom, but in fact all the real levers of power remained with Great Britain. On October 3, 1932, the formal independence of Iraq from Great Britain was declared. This date is celebrated in Iraq as Independence Day - one of the main national holidays of the state.

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On December 9, Prime Minister, Supreme Commander Heydar al-Abadi announced a complete and final victory over the "Islamic State" (1) in Iraq and the restoration of control over the border with Syria. A day later, a military parade took place in Baghdad, and December 10 is now declared an annual national holiday. The jubilation of the Baghdad authorities is understandable - the army was rehabilitated after the shame of 2014, when six deployed divisions fled in panic, abandoning equipment and weapons, and the threat of taking the country's capital was real ...

Now in Iraq they do not like to remember this, just as it is not customary to say that a civil war is going on in the country (as in Syria). On opposite sides of the barricades, residents of the same country were forced to, and the number of newcomers "warriors of Islam" is only a small fraction. The IS bogeyman is convenient for those who are interested in the chaos continuing, but being manageable, that is, contributing to the achievement of completely different goals. Moreover, the beneficiaries are far from the scene.

Speaking on the occasion of the "historic victory", H. al-Abadi said many toasts to the glory of the Iraqi army, special services, police, paying special attention to the contribution of the Shiite "people's militia" to the defeat of the enemy, but never mentioned the role of the Kurdish Peshmerga formations. This fact was perceived with particular grudge in Iraqi Kurdistan, and not without reason - the Kurds played an important role in repelling the onslaught of the attackers and did a lot to ensure that the Baghdad regime withstood the then critical situation.

In Baghdad, they quite deliberately want to "put in place" the Iraqi Kurds, who staged a referendum on independence at the end of September and called for the expansion of their rights. In response, harsh economic sanctions were imposed, and a military operation was carried out in mid-October, as a result of which Baghdad regained control of all disputed territories, including the strategically important oil fields in the Kirkuk region. The success of the action was largely predetermined by the coordinated actions of Turkey and Iran, which are extremely worried about the prospect of Kurdish independence due to the fact that they have the same problem on their territory. The results of the referendum showed the desire of the Kurds to gain independence, but then their unwillingness to bear the burden of their own statehood was revealed. Today, the situation in Iraqi Kurdistan is tense to the limit.

Baghdad previously held autonomy on starvation rations, not fulfilling its own legislative obligations, and now it is not without pleasure that they resort to collective punishment of Kurds with economic measures. When H. al-Abadi told the Kurds: “The issue with the referendum is closed and remained in the past” and added a direct threat: “You will lose everything!”, He was not bluffing. All calls for dialogue with Erbil, for a compromise are now considered in Baghdad exclusively from the position of diktat and coercive measures. The blockade turned out to be the simplest and most effective method.

On September 29, the federal government imposed a ban on international flights at the airports of Erbil and Sulaimaniyah autonomy. The ban is still in effect - even humanitarian supplies are allowed only with the personal permission of the Prime Minister of Iraq. Sulaymaniyah airport director Tahir Abdella says: "There is no hope of opening our airports in the near future." Meanwhile, there were reports in the media about the intention of the Iraqi federal authorities to create an international airport in Kirkuk, and to use the airports of Erbil and Sulaimaniyah only for domestic flights.

The air embargo costs Iraqi Kurdistan almost half a million dollars a day, but this is nothing compared to the losses from oil exports from fields that have come under the control of the central authorities and the reduction in funding from the federal budget. The crisis affected very quickly: due to a lack of money, a month later, the Kurdistan Region authorities began to cut salaries, and then completely stopped payments. One after another, shops began to close, the standard of living began to plummet, and on December 17, mass protests began in the autonomy against the lack of salaries and services.

Riots gripped many Kurdish cities: Sulaimaniyah, Halabja, Ranni and others. Demonstrators set fire to government buildings, ransacked the offices of political parties, and not only the ruling Democratic Party of Kurdistan, but others as well. The security forces were forced to open warning fire and use special equipment, and a state of emergency was declared in the city of Kifri. The reaction from Baghdad was Jesuitical: Prime Minister H. al-Abadi called on the Kurdish authorities to "respect peaceful demonstrations" and said he rejected any measures that deprive protesters of their "constitutional right to freedom of speech and peaceful protest." At the same time, the head of the Cabinet of Ministers stressed that the government will not be able to provide salaries to civil servants in the Kurdistan Region in full, since the information received from Erbil does not seem reliable to Baghdad. In the draft budget of Iraq for 2018, which is now before parliament, the autonomy deductions are also significantly reduced.

On December 16, a statement was released by the highest Shiite religious leader of Iraq, the Great Ayatollah Ali Sistani, which calls on the government to "avoid past mistakes" and focus on the next stage - rebuilding war-torn areas, returning refugees and displaced persons, fighting corruption, which is no less the fight against IS is important, if not more important. Ardalan Nuraddin, a member of the anti-corruption committee in the Iraqi parliament, admitted that Iraq is the most corrupt country after Sudan, and the level of corruption in the country is not measurable. Corruption in Iraq has already crossed the red line, especially during his tenure as Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki, he said. The situation has not improved under the current government: the legislator claims that there are materials about 40,000 cases of corruption involving high-ranking officials, and all al-Abadi's statements about combating this phenomenon are nothing more than comments for the media. According to the deputy, huge sums were stolen from the oil sector and from arms deals.

Against this backdrop, a group of Shiite members of the Iraqi parliament in early December decided to return to the issue that they considered the most urgent - to consider amendments to the Personal Status Law, which defines the provisions governing marriage. The amendments actually legalize marital rape (a husband has the right to have sex with his wife even if she doesn’t want to), contain a prohibition for women to leave the house without the spouse’s permission, and in the event of a divorce, all children over two years old are automatically taken into the custody of their father. The most egregious provisions relate to changes in the age of marriage - it is proposed to reduce it for boys to 15 years, and for girls, more precisely girls - to 9 years!

The first attempt to introduce such a norm was made back in 2003, a couple of months after the American occupation, but then this initiative was blocked by the administration of Paul Bremer, who considered it too democratic. The next time the topic arose during the 2014 parliamentary elections; the adoption of such amendments was one of the election promises of the then Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki, the government approved the bill, and the matter remained with the parliament. The cards were confused by the outbreak of a large-scale civil war, when parliamentarians rushed to buy property abroad and pack their bags. Now, in their opinion, the threat has passed, and the time has come for a final consideration of this vital topic.

The arguments of the supporters of the amendments are simple: Aisha, one of the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, was married to him at the age of 6, and got married at the age of 9. The enlightened part of Iraqi society is protesting, the UN noted that these changes in legal norms may lead to violations by Iraq of its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Various non-governmental and human rights organizations made rather harsh appeals, but the criticism did not have any impact: if in 2014 the press secretary of the Ministry of Justice (it was they who introduced the draft) said: “There are people who do not like this law, but we do not care about them, because they are opponents of Islam, "now the supporters of the amendments have a new trump card:" We are not interested in the opinion about the institution of the family from countries where same-sex marriage is approved at the legislative level. "

1) The organization is banned in Russia.