Causes of indigestion in young children. Treatment prognosis, complications, consequences

Dyspepsia in children is a fairly common disease characterized by impaired digestion. Often, such an ailment is diagnosed in children in the first year of life, and the severity of the course directly depends on the amount of food consumed. This is due to the fact that the volumes of food consumed do not always correspond to the capabilities of the gastrointestinal tract. There are several types of this syndrome in children - simple and toxic. In the first case, the functioning of the digestive tract is disrupted, in the second, metabolic disorders are observed.

There are several reasons for the occurrence of such a disorder in babies - the immaturity of the digestive system, a sharp transition to artificial nutrition, the introduction of new products into the child's diet. But some experts believe that genetic predisposition or insufficient production of enzymes may serve as predisposing factors for the occurrence.

Such a disease in children is manifested by characteristic symptoms - severe soreness in the abdomen, complaints of stomach overflow, early satiety, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, which can be replaced by constipation, as well as the occurrence of heartburn and belching.

Diagnostic measures of dyspeptic syndrome include laboratory tests of feces and blood, as well as instrumental examinations, including ultrasound and EGDS. All these procedures are necessary in order to find the cause of the disease. Treatment of the disease depends on the results of the diagnosis and the type of course. For simple dyspepsia, therapy consists of canceling the product that caused the disorder and taking medications that reduce the manifestation of characteristic signs. In case of a toxic form, treatment is necessary in a medical institution, since plasma transfusion, intravenous medication and antibiotics may be required.

Etiology

There are several groups of factors that influence the appearance of dyspeptic syndrome. They depend on the age category of the child. Thus, the reasons for the formation of dyspepsia in young children are:

• irrational or irregular feeding of the baby;
• frequent overfeeding of the child;
• early and illiterate introduction of complementary foods to babies;
• introduction into the diet of foods or dishes that are not age-appropriate;
• insufficient production of beneficial intestinal bacteria;
• non-compliance with the established diet by a woman while breastfeeding;
• digestive enzyme defects are an inherited disorder during which metabolic diseases develop;
• overheating of the child's body.

The causes of the onset and development of the syndrome in older children:

• unhealthy diet - the predominance of a particular group of nutrients, for example, only fats or carbohydrates;
• eating low-quality products;
• increased secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach during inflammation - gastritis;
• taking certain medications, such as antibiotics or hormonal substances;
• prolonged influence of stressful situations;
• acute intoxication - with food poisoning or with infectious and purulent diseases;
• violation of the movement of food due to improper motility of the digestive tract.

A pronounced dyspeptic syndrome in a child requires immediate treatment, since a long-term illness can cause serious complications.

Varieties

Medicine knows two main types of the disease:

• simple form- characterized by damage only to the organs of the digestive system;
• toxic- poses a much greater danger, because metabolic disorders occur. Symptoms with this form are pronounced and disappear over time.

In addition, dyspeptic syndrome is divided depending on nutritional errors and causes. Thus, the disease is divided into:

• fermentation- is formed on the basis of eating a large amount of carbohydrates. For example, kvass and beer, legumes and fruits, cabbage and bread;
• putrid- the predominance of protein in food, due to the consumption of a large amount of meat and eggs;
• fatty- excessive intake of fats in the body.

Classification of the disease according to the manifestation of the characteristic symptoms of the syndrome in children:

• ulcerative- is expressed by severe pain in the stomach, which disappear after eating. Therapy is carried out by taking medications;
• reflux-like- there is the appearance of belching, heartburn and bloating;
• dyskinetic- It is expressed by the occurrence of abdominal discomfort, which increases after eating, and increased gas production;
• non-specific.

There are also several other classifications, but these are most typical for adults.

Symptoms

The clinical manifestation of dyspeptic syndrome in newborns and older children begins with the expression of a simple form of the disease, which is characterized by the following symptoms:

• constipation, which is later replaced by diarrhea. The frequency of emptying can be more than five times a day;
• the presence of mucus and characteristic lumps in the feces, which can have a white, yellow or green tint;
• an increase in the volume of the abdomen;
• increased gas separation;
• fast saturation;
• decreased or complete lack of appetite;
• the occurrence of intestinal colic;
• belching.

The duration of this form of the disease is approximately one week. If during this time treatment is not started, a more severe form of the disease develops - a toxic one. In this case, the expression of symptoms such as:

• a significant increase in body temperature indicators, up to a febrile state;
• persistent nausea and frequent vomiting;
• diarrhea - the frequency of emptying reaches twenty times a day;
• severe dehydration;
• retraction of the large fontanelle in newborns;
• significant weight loss;
• decreased manifestation of reflexes;
• lack of interest in new toys or people;
• seizures.

The toxic form of the syndrome can cause impaired consciousness, the development of a coma and the death of young children.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of dyspepsia in children includes a whole range of tools, and consists of an examination by a pediatrician and a pediatric gastroenterologist, laboratory tests and instrumental examinations.

First of all, the doctor needs to familiarize himself with the medical history of the patient and his immediate family. This is necessary in order to exclude or confirm the genetic factors of the disease. After that, the specialist needs to find out the first time, the intensity and duration of the symptoms. Then a thorough examination is carried out.

Instrumental diagnostic techniques include:

• acidity test;
• EGDS is a procedure during which a specialist examines the inner surface of the organs of the digestive system using a special instrument. In this case, it is necessary to conduct a biopsy;
• determination of acidity in the stomach;
• respiratory diagnosis - necessary to detect the bacteria Helicobacter pylori;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• colonoscopy;
• radiography using a contrast agent;
• determination of gastric and intestinal motility;
• manometry - performed to assess the motor function of the esophagus;
• probing - gastric or duodenal.

In addition, additional consultations of a pediatric neurologist and psychologist are needed, since such a disease is quite often accompanied by disorders of the nervous system.

Treatment

After the detection of the characteristic symptoms of the disease and the diagnosis, drug and non-drug therapy is used to treat the disease in children.

Non-drug treatment consists of:

• food intake restrictions - give only liquid for six hours. In the future, follow the nutritional rules according to the age group of the child;
• implementation of massage movements on the abdomen, clockwise;
• walking with the baby after he has eaten. For twenty minutes, provide him with an upright position;
• exclusion of excessively tight swaddling;
• dietary regulation in older children and adolescents;
• complete elimination of overeating.

Medical treatment of dyspepsia consists in taking medications aimed at eliminating the signs of the disease. Patients are often prescribed - pain relievers, proton pump blockers, drugs to reduce acidity, enzyme substances that normalize the digestive process. In addition, it is necessary to visit a psychotherapist and take psychotropic drugs.

Severe forms of dyspepsia in children are eliminated in a medical institution. In such cases, therapy includes - plasma transfusion, the introduction of plasma replacement or saline solutions. Intravenous injections of drugs may be needed to treat the symptoms and disease that caused the ailment.

Prophylaxis

Preventive measures for such a disorder consist in following simple rules:

• adherence to a rational and balanced diet, according to the age of the child;
• complete exclusion of overeating, eating low-quality products and fast food;
• healthy lifestyle - for adolescents;
• regular performance of moderate physical activity;
• hygiene before eating;
• regular visits to the pediatrician, at least once a year.

In most cases, dyspepsia in children has a favorable prognosis, ends with complete recovery and does not entail complications. But with untimely treatment started, the prognosis is not so reassuring. A toxic form of the disease may develop, which can lead to coma or death.

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Hepatomegaly in children is a condition in which the liver becomes enlarged. This is not a disease, but a kind of symptom that indicates that pathology is progressing in the child's body. In no case should you ignore it, since the reasons for the manifestation can be very serious. For example, hepatomegaly usually accompanies viral hepatitis, heart failure, hepatoma, blood cancer, and other ailments. With an increase in the size of the child's liver, it is immediately necessary to show a specialist.

Pediatric fermentation dyspepsia is a type of alimentary dyspepsia that is distinguished by its polyetiological nature. Factors contributing to the development of this disease include:

strict diet; unbalanced diet; hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid; eating foods rich in carbohydrates; disturbances in the work of the chewing apparatus; quick snacks; weak secretion of gastric juice; a decrease in the level of pancreatic amylase; increased peristalsis of the small intestine; taking strong medications; psycho-emotional stress.

In the process of digesting food rich in carbohydrates, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide, skatole, indole and organic acids are formed. This composition creates a favorable atmosphere for the growth and development of bacteria. As a result, the fermentation processes in the intestine are activated.

The development of fermentative dyspepsia in children can cause excessive consumption of the following foods:

sweet soda, kvass, sweets, baked goods, legumes, grapes.

In some cases, fermentation processes develop under the influence of high ambient temperatures. A hot climate contributes to a decrease in the production of hydrochloric acid and an increased intake of fluids, which reduces the concentration of digestive enzymes.

Symptoms

Pediatric fermentative dyspepsia is mild. In some cases, the child complains of the following symptoms:

bloating and rumbling in the stomach, a feeling of transfusion of fluid inside the stomach, a feeling of heaviness and distention of the abdomen, pain in the abdomen, frequent stools, sour belching, increased gas formation.

Common signs of childhood fermentation dyspepsia include:

nausea, headaches, general malaise, irritability.

Diagnosis of fermentative dyspepsia in a child

Diagnosis of fermentative dyspepsia in children begins with a physical examination. In this case, the specialist can detect signs of flatulence, rumbling in the abdomen and characteristic splashing sounds in the intestinal region.

After the doctor examined the child and collected data for the anamnesis, he writes out directions for laboratory and instrumental studies. Depending on the form and etiology of fermentative dyspepsia, it can be:

clinical blood test, biochemical blood test, scatological studies, gastric acidity test, endoscopy with mandatory biopsy, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, examination of stomach contents for the presence of Helicobacter pylori, colonoscopy, radiography, computed tomography.

Most often, the diagnosis of this disease is limited to scatological research. If digested or undigested fiber, organic acids, iodophilic flora and starch grains are found in the biomaterial, then this is a typical sign of fermentative dyspepsia.

Complications

If the therapy of fermentation dyspepsia is started in a timely manner and provided in full, then the disease is mild. In the absence of proper drug treatment, the following complications may occur:

the transition of an acute form of fermentative dyspepsia to a chronic one, the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, gastric bleeding, dystrophic processes, weight loss or underweight, developmental delay.

Remember that only a timely visit to a specialist and following his recommendations can prevent the development of serious complications of fermentative dyspepsia in children.

Treatment

What can you do?

Symptoms of fermentative dyspepsia in children can be eliminated using non-drug methods. To do this, parents need to ensure that the child observes the following recommendations:

the first 6-12 hours after the diagnosis was adhered to the diet; consumed as much food as recommended at his age; performed remedial gymnastics; did not wear tight clothes that tightened the abdominal area; ate fractionally and rationally; refused foods high in carbohydrates; did not drink carbonated drinks; did not overeat.

What does a doctor do?

If the child does not follow the doctor's recommendations or they are ineffective, medication may be required. For the first 1-2 days, the child should not drink anything other than tea. If dyspepsia is accompanied by severe dehydration of the child's body, then the specialist prescribes intravenous injections of glucose and sodium chloride.

Fermentation dyspepsia therapy is based on the following drugs:

drugs with an anti-fermentation effect; pain relievers and antispasmodics; drugs to reduce the acidity of the stomach; hydrogen pump blockers; enzyme preparations; laxatives (for constipation); antiseptics; B vitamins; antidiarrheal drugs.

If fermentative dyspepsia proceeds against the background of psycho-emotional disorders in a child, then consultation with a psychotherapist and taking psychotropic drugs prescribed by a doctor is recommended.

On the 8-12th day of treatment, the child can be transferred to a protein diet, in which carbohydrates and fiber are consumed in limited quantities. Foods are introduced into the diet gradually, starting with the easiest to digest.

Prophylaxis

In order to reduce the risk of developing this pathology in a child, you must carefully monitor his diet. The following products should not be present in the children's menu:

carbonated drinks, alcoholic beverages, spicy and fried foods, too salty and sweet foods, foods high in carbohydrates.

The child's nutrition must be correct and balanced. Moderate physical activity, remedial gymnastics and an active lifestyle are recommended. Do not forget about regular visits to your pediatrician.

You will also learn what the danger of untimely treatment of the disease fermentative dyspepsia in children can be, and why it is so important to avoid the consequences. All about how to prevent fermentation dyspepsia in children and prevent complications.

And caring parents will find on the pages of the service complete information about the symptoms of fermentative dyspepsia in children. What is the difference between the signs of the disease in children at 1, 2 and 3 years old from the manifestations of the disease in children at 4, 5, 6 and 7 years old? What is the best way to treat fermentation dyspepsia in children?

Take care of the health of loved ones and be in good shape!

Simple dyspepsia is one of the forms of acute digestive disorders of a functional nature and is manifested by diarrhea (diarrhea) without significant disturbance of the general condition of the child. Simple dyspepsia often affects children who are on mixed and artificial feeding, but the disease also occurs in children who are breastfed.

Etiology. The cause of simple dyspepsia is most often various disorders in the feeding of the child (alimentary factors). A disorder in the processing of food in the digestive apparatus can occur when there is a discrepancy between the amount of food and the ability of the child's digestive apparatus to digest it, that is, the limit of its endurance to food is exceeded (overfeeding). Overfeeding is one of the most common causes of dyspepsia. Another reason may be unilateral feeding, a quick transition to artificial nutrition. The digestive apparatus of a small child is adapted only to food of a certain composition, abrupt changes in which can cause disorders of the functions of this apparatus. The result is dyspepsia. Premature babies suffering from rickets, dystrophy, exudative catarrhal diathesis are especially susceptible to acute digestive disorders due to feeding defects. In young children, parenteral dyspepsia is also observed, which appears against the background of any other infectious disease (influenza, pneumonia, mumps, sepsis, etc.). Microorganisms (or their toxins) that caused the underlying disease, entering the child's blood, primarily disrupt the interstitial exchange, affect the central and autonomic nervous system. In this regard, the functional activity of the digestive apparatus is perverted: acidity and enzymatic activity of gastric and intestinal juice decreases, peristalsis increases, absorption in the intestine is disturbed, and the stool becomes liquid.

In addition to nutritional and infectious factors that cause dyspepsia, there are factors that predispose to the onset of the disease or favor it. These include overheating of the child.

Disorders of secretory and motor functions that occur during overheating contribute to indigestion. Poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, defects in care often pose a threat of infection of the digestive system.

The clinical picture. The disease often begins acutely, but not in all cases. Sometimes you can notice symptoms that are harbingers of the disease: loss of appetite, anxiety, regurgitation, increased stool frequency. The general condition of the child changes little. In 3 - 4 days after the appearance of precursors, clear signs of the disease develop. The stool becomes more frequent up to 5-7 times a day, becomes more and more liquid, its color becomes variegated. The feces take the form of a chopped egg with white, yellow and greenish lumps, with a slight admixture of mucus. The abdomen is swollen, rumbling in the intestines, frequent passing of gas are determined; occasionally there is vomiting after eating. Before the act of defecation, the child becomes restless, cries, but then calms down, is interested in toys. The body temperature in most children remains normal. The child's skin is pale, weight gain is noticeably slowed down or even suspended. When examining the mucous membrane of the mouth, thrush is often found. When scatological examination of feces, single leukocytes are found; a special study reveals in the feces a lot of neutral fat, fatty acids, and soaps of lower fatty acids. When examining urine and blood, pathological changes are not determined.

Usually simple dyspepsia lasts only a few days, in most cases it ends well. The prognosis is complicated if dyspepsia occurs in a patient with malnutrition, dyspepsia can contribute to the further progression of the latter. Simple dyspepsia in patients with hypotrophy can turn into a toxic form.

For the correct diagnosis, a history of instructions on errors in the child's nutrition, as well as characteristic clinical signs of the disease, are of great importance.

During the neonatal period, with a generally satisfactory condition, children sometimes have more frequent stools, the feces become liquid, greenish. These dyspeptic symptoms occur with proper feeding of the child. This is the so-called physiological dyspepsia of the newborn, due to the changing composition of milk and the imperfect enzymatic activity of the child's digestive system.

Under the guise of simple dyspepsia, mild forms of intestinal infections can occur. This should be borne in mind in cases where the dyspepsia is prolonged, accompanied by an increase in body temperature and a decrease in the child's body weight. In addition to the characteristic features of the stool that distinguish simple dyspepsia from intestinal infections, scatological and bacteriological examination of feces is important.

Treatment. Prescribe a water-tea diet for a period of 6 to 12 hours. The child is given boiled water or slightly sweetened tea, 5% glucose solution, Ringer-Locke's solution. The liquid should be at room temperature. Drink is given in small portions in an amount of about 150 ml per 1 kg of body weight per day. After 6-12 hours, the patient is fed. For a patient with dyspepsia, the best therapeutic food is breast milk. Of artificial medicinal mixtures, fermented milk mixtures (buttermilk, kefir) give the best effect. In the first 2 - 3 days, the total amount of food should be 1/2 or 1/3 less than usual.

When breastfeeding a sick child, they are applied to the breast for only 5 - 8 minutes (instead of 15 - 20 minutes when feeding a healthy child). When feeding with expressed milk, its one-time amount is reduced to 70 - 80 ml. The intervals between feedings and the number of feedings do not change. In the following days, the time of the baby's stay at the mother's breast is lengthened, the amount of milk is increased. By the 6-7th day, dyspeptic symptoms disappear, and the child is fed according to age.

If the baby was artificially fed, human breast milk should be obtained. In its absence, the child is fed with acidic medicinal mixtures (kefir, protein milk). After water-tea diet appoint 50 - 70 ml of the specified mixture. The amount of the mixture in the following days is increased in order to transfer the child to food according to age on the 6-7th day.

Of the drugs, enzymes are prescribed for children - pepsin, pancreatin; 1% hydrochloric acid solution, 1 teaspoon 2 - 3 times a day before meals; vitamins - thiamine, nicotinic, ascorbic acid. If the child is anxious, they make a warming compress or put a heating pad on the stomach, the gas outlet is facilitated by the introduction of a gas tube, the appointment of dill water.

Prevention. In the prevention of simple dyspepsia in children, proper nutrition, the fight for breastfeeding, its correct conduct, and the timely delivery of full-fledged complementary foods are of exceptional importance. If breastfeeding is impossible, fermented milk mixtures made in the dairy kitchen, as well as adapted mixtures ("Baby", "Baby") should be widely used. In children's institutions and at home, children should be provided with hygienic care, overheating should be avoided; hardening procedures are widely used. In sanitary and educational work, the main attention should be paid to breastfeeding of children and the correct organization of the daily regimen and child care.

Parenteral dyspepsia develops as a secondary digestive disorder in the presence of other diseases in the child's body (ARVI, pneumonia, otitis media, sepsis, etc.). The main symptoms of the disease are vomiting and diarrhea, appearing 2 to 3 days after the onset of the underlying disease. Dyspeptic symptoms often correspond to the clinical picture of simple dyspepsia and disappear as the symptoms of the underlying disease are eliminated. Less commonly, parenteral dyspepsia is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication.

Treatment is aimed at combating the underlying disease. Diet therapy is the same as for simple dyspepsia.

not fully formed yet, many children have various kinds of deviations in the functioning of the digestive tract. Associated with this is the widespread prevalence of a disease such as dyspepsia.

Pathology manifests itself in the form of a set of symptoms that can also be characteristic of other disorders of the digestive system.

Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia in children, as well as its early treatment, since disturbances in the processes of digestion of food can negatively affect the general state of health of the baby.

Read about the symptoms and treatment of gastroenteritis in children in our.

Characteristics of the disease

Dyspepsia - disruption of the upper digestive system.

Most often, pathology occurs as a result of non-compliance with the diet, the child's consumption of poor-quality food that is not suitable for the child's body.

If the digestive system of an adult can easily cope with spicy and fatty foods, then the child's stomach is not able to do this.

As a result of a systematic violation of feeding rules, for example, if a child is regularly overfed, complementary foods are introduced ahead of schedule, products are not suitable for him, a functional disorder of the digestive tract develops.

In this case, a whole series of symptoms indicating the presence of dyspepsia.

Most often, the disease develops in young children. The digestive system of a baby under 1 year old is not adapted to the overloads that can arise as a result of a violation of the diet, the use of "adult" foods.

How does dyspepsia occur? Pathology develops in stages:

1. Digestive system of a small child contains a small amount of enzymes involved in the process of food digestion. They are not enough to break down heavy foods that adults consume. As a result, the digestion process is not carried out in full.
2. Not fully processed food enters the intestines, where it must be absorbed, but due to the fact that the food is not completely digested, this does not happen. In the intestines fermentation begins.
3. Fermentation in the intestines results in excessive secretion toxic decomposition products food.
4. As a result of these processes, symptoms of the disease arise.

Causes of occurrence

The most common cause of dyspepsia in children is considered violation of the diet, that is, if the child systematically overeats (this is found in both infants and older children).

If a child is offered food that does not correspond to his age (for example, with early or incorrect introduction of complementary foods), this leads to disruptions in the processes of food digestion, and as a result, to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

Exists many adverse factors provoking the onset of dyspepsia in children of different ages.

Children under 1 year old	Binge eating. It is especially common with artificial feeding, since it is much easier for a baby to suck milk from a bottle than from a mother's breast. The process of sucking milk is faster, the child does not have time to realize that he is full. Lack of digestive enzymes. Eating foods that are not suitable for the baby's age. When introducing complementary foods, it is important to pay attention to whether the new product corresponds to the age characteristics of the baby's digestive system. It is best to offer the baby simple one-component meals as complementary foods. Incorrect introduction of complementary foods, when the baby is offered several new dishes at once. It is recommended to introduce no more than 1 new product per week. Prematurity.
Older children	Abuse of food that is difficult to digest. These include salty, fatty, spicy foods that irritate the stomach lining. Violation of the diet, for example, a hearty dinner shortly before going to bed, overeating. Hormonal changes in the body, characteristic of puberty.
Common causes for any age group You will find specialists in the treatment of gastroduodenitis in children on our website. Classification There are 3 main types of dyspepsia: simple (functional), parenteral and toxic. Functional dyspepsia, in turn, is divided into the following types: fermenting... As a result of the fermentation processes occurring in the intestine, the number of microorganisms participating in the fermentation process in its cavity increases sharply. This happens with excessive consumption of carbohydrate foods; putrid... If a child eats a large amount of protein-rich foods, the number of bacteria in the intestines increases, contributing to food rotting; fatty... With excessive consumption of fatty foods, the process of digestion and absorption of food is disrupted, there is heaviness, painful sensations in the stomach, and stool disorders. Parenteral dyspepsia is a secondary disease that develops as a result of serious pathologies (for example, pneumonia) that the child suffered earlier. Toxic dyspepsia is considered the most severe form that occurs as a result of bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Also, this form can develop as a result of the lack of treatment for simple dyspepsia. Symptoms and manifestations of pathology The disease is characterized by the presence of certain signs that indicate violations of the digestive system... These symptoms include: In some cases, symptoms such as frequent sleep disturbances are also noted. Complications and consequences Depending on the form and severity of the pathology, its consequences may be different. With timely prescribed treatment the disease usually goes away in a few days without causing any complications. Lack of therapy can provoke weight loss, decreased appetite. Acute dyspepsia, manifested by profuse vomiting and diarrhea, can lead to dehydration of the body, and this, in turn, provokes the development of irreversible changes for all internal organs. The chronic form of the disease contributes to the development persistent violations the work of the digestive system. Diagnostics If you find the first signs of dyspepsia in a child, you should contact your pediatrician. You may also need advice from other specialists (gastroenterologist, psychiatrist, neurologist). Certain methods are used to make a diagnosis. laboratory and instrumental research. What to give a child from worms? find out right now. Treatment and drugs To eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of pathology, it is necessary, first of all, exclude the cause of its appearance. Then a whole complex of therapeutic measures, including adherence to a certain diet, taking medications, other procedures, such as abdominal massage to improve the functionality of the digestive system, relieve pain. Drugs used for therapeutic purposes: Maalox; Domperidone; Mezim; Cisapride. These funds facilitate the process of digestion of food, restore the intestinal microflora, eliminate the heaviness and pain in the stomach. Diet Without adherence to a special diet, drug treatment of dyspepsia will be ineffective... The diet consists in reducing the amount of food consumed, restoring the body's water balance. Forecast With the timely detection and treatment of the disease, the prognosis favorable. If there is no therapy, it is possible to develop serious diseases of the digestive system, impaired growth and development of the child, which negatively affects the general condition of his body. Prophylaxis For young children, it is important to monitor not only the amount of food consumed, but also its quality. So baby not overfeed, that is, he should not consume food too often, or in large quantities. If the baby is bottle-fed, it is necessary to choose high-quality milk mixtures, the closest in composition to mother's milk. For older children, the quality of food is also an important point. It is necessary to exclude fast food products, all kinds of unhealthy snacks, carbonated drinks, coffee, fatty and spicy foods, pickles. In addition, the child should move as much as possible, spend a sufficient amount of time in the fresh air. Dyspepsia is a common disease, the main cause of which is violation of the diet... Pathology occurs in both young children and older children. The disease manifests itself with certain symptoms indicating the presence of problems in the functioning of the digestive system. The child will need special treatment, the main points of which are taking medications, dieting... With timely prescribed therapy, the disease responds well to treatment. You can learn about the symptoms and treatment of dyspepsia from the video: We kindly ask you not to self-medicate. Make an appointment with a doctor!

Dyspepsia in young children is a digestive disorder. It manifests itself in many deviations: nausea, belching, early satiety, a feeling of a full stomach and other uncomfortable sensations. It is imperative to improve the child's digestive functions, otherwise prolonged indigestion will lead to dystrophy. For patients with rickets and diathesis, dyspepsia is dangerous with pyelonephritis and otitis media.

What causes digestive problems?

Small children can experience indigestion at an early age. In infants, the number of causes of the anomaly is:

1. prematurity;
2. overfeeding;
3. early feeding;
4. underdevelopment of the gastrointestinal tract;
5. enzymatic deficiency;
6. the inability of the digestive system to process the amount of food received.

As a child grows up, the causes of dyspepsia change. Indigestion can be caused by harmful foods that children like so much - soda, fast foods, convenience foods, confectionery. In puberty, a digestive disorder provokes an altered hormonal status.

All types of dyspepsia

Depending on the factor responsible for indigestion in children, experts divide dyspepsia into several types.

1. Functional, or simple dyspepsia occurs in 3 forms. The putrefactive type of pathology arises from the abuse of meat (the product promotes the reproduction of putrefactive bacteria in the intestines). Fermentative dyspepsia develops due to the activity of fermentative bacteria, when the body receives an excess of carbohydrates. The fatty type disorder occurs from excessive consumption of fat.
2. Parenteral dyspepsia in a child develops against the background of an underlying disease - gastrointestinal or infectious, affecting other body systems.
3. A toxic disorder usually occurs when functional dyspepsia in children has not been properly treated. The condition aggravates the infection of the body with viruses, bacteria, E. coli.

How to recognize pathology?

Each type of indigestion has its own characteristics that are known to doctors. At home, mothers should pay attention to several characteristic symptoms:

• increased gas formation;
• frequent regurgitation in an infant;
• sleep problems, moods, anxiety;
• lack of appetite, followed by weight loss.

On the part of defecation, functional dyspepsia in children is expressed by diarrhea, which forces the patient to defecate up to 15 r. in a day. In the liquid masses, white or yellow lumps and mucus are visible. Feces have a specific odor.

The toxic form of the disorder is manifested by pallor and cyanosis of the skin tissues. The child has such dangerous symptoms as convulsions, fever, repeated vomiting, low blood pressure, fainting. These conditions require immediate medical attention.

Methods for diagnosing dyspepsia

If a child has signs of indigestion, it should be shown to a pediatrician and pediatric gastroenterologist. After a general examination, a small patient can be additionally referred to a psychologist or neurologist. To differentiate indigestion from fermentopathy, dysbiosis, enteritis, helminthiasis and colitis, the child is examined by different instrumental methods:

1. electrogastrography;
2. X-ray of the stomach;
3. Ultrasound of the digestive organs;
4. esophagogastroduodenoscopy;
5. duodenal / gastric intubation;
6. pH-metry (study of the intraesophageal or intragastric environment).

From laboratory tests, blood and urine tests for enzymes, fecal culture, coprogram, biochemical blood test, fecal analysis for helminthic invasions and H. pylori bacteria help to determine indigestion.

How to improve digestion?

Simple dyspepsia is treated at home. The beginning of drug treatment is preceded by adherence to a diet (for 6 - 8 hours, the baby is drunk with water and tea). Further, from dehydration of the body, children are given Regidron, Oralit, solutions of sodium chloride and glucose. The dosage of drugs is calculated according to the formula 150 ml of liquid x 1 kg of the patient's body weight.

In order to restore the intestinal flora, babies are prescribed eubiotics:

• Linex;
• Bifidum;
• Bifiform;
• Laktiale Baby.

Symptomatic treatment is carried out according to indications. With flatulence, Atoxil, Smecta, Enterosgel are prescribed. The problem of colic is solved with compresses and enemas with valerian. To stabilize digestion, newborns and infants are prescribed Creon and Pancreatin. Older children are prescribed Festal, Mezim, Digestal.

The toxic form of dyspepsia requires the hospitalization of the patient. In a clinic, therapy is carried out in stages:

1. gastric lavage;
2. drinking water and tea;
3. drug rehydration;
4. introduction of antibiotic therapy;
5. correction of the balance of intestinal microflora;
6. the introduction of cardiovascular, anticonvulsant, antipyretic and other drugs that eliminate the symptoms of the disease.