Preparations 

Which specialists need to pass 1 year. Calendar of visits to doctors in the first year of a child's life

If the baby has not yet reached the age of one month, it should be examined by a pediatrician at home. When he turns 1 month old, you need to visit the children's clinic. The first doctor to examine the baby should be a pediatrician.

Which doctors go through in 1 month, the pediatrician will tell you

At this visit, the doctor measures the baby's weight, height, head and chest circumference. Depending on the data obtained, it is possible to judge the development of the baby. If there are no problems, then it is not necessary to be examined by other specialists.

To identify possible congenital diseases of a monthly baby, the following doctors should examine:

  • Neurologist or neuropathologist. The doctor checks congenital reflexes and evaluates muscle tone, it can be increased or decreased. It is at 1 month that lesions of the central nervous system that occurred in the fetus in the womb can be detected.
  • ENT. The doctor evaluates hearing and nasal breathing.
  • Ophthalmologist. The specialist checks the eyesight.
  • Surgeon. The doctor determines hernias, hemangiomas, phimosis in boys.
  • Orthopedist. The specialist checks for torticollis or congenital dysplasia, evaluates the symmetry of the gluteal folds.

The treatment of perinatal disorders that occurred during pregnancy is most effective in the first months of a baby's life, since during this period the maturation of many body systems continues.

Do I need a hardware examination for newborns

If health problems are found, the pediatrician may prescribe an additional examination of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and other organs. If the baby has a heart murmur, then you can not do without an ECG.

In the first month of life, an ultrasound of the hip joints should be done to exclude the possibility of dysplasia.

In difficult childbirth, fetal hypoxia, hypertonicity in an infant, as well as for premature babies, it is advisable to do neurosonography. This is an ultrasound of the brain. While the fontanel has not yet closed in the baby, such a method of examination is possible. With the help of ultrasound, abnormalities can be easily identified and treated at an early stage, before serious disorders occur.

The list of doctors who need to show the child differs depending on the age of the crumbs and the presence of congenital health problems. Do not neglect examinations in the first year of life.

Newborn first examination in the clinic. In a month, your baby has grown up and become stronger. He must add at least 400g. and grow about 3 cm. He focuses his eyes on a stationary object, begins to smoothly follow a moving object, listens to his mother's voice, begins to smile when he sees her or hears his mother's voice. lying on the stomach.

Newborn first examination in the clinic

At 1 month you will have your first visit to the children's clinic. Probably, the district nurse has already left you an invitation for an appointment, perhaps gave you referrals for ultrasound of the head, hip joints, abdominal organs and kidneys, and for audio screening.

Screening

Ultrasound of the brain is recommended for all children at 1 month in order to detect deviations in the work of the central nervous system of the child in time, the first examination is screening, i.e. is carried out for all children, in the future, ultrasound for children is carried out as prescribed by a neurologist.

Ultrasound of the hip joints (also recommended for all children) helps to identify such a serious deviation as congenital hip dislocation and cure the child in the first year of life, if the child has hip dysplasia (delayed formation of the femoral heads), the mother will be explained how to do gymnastics and massage for the child .

Ultrasound of the abdominal organs and kidneys reveals congenital anomalies in the development of these organs. The most common diagnoses given to children by ultrasound of the abdominal cavity: hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver), splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen) - this may not mean anything special, but requires further ultrasound monitoring of the child. Children with such a diagnosis are referred to a gastroenterologist. Those children who have found abnormalities on ultrasound of the kidneys are referred to a nephrologist.

Audio screening - your child's hearing examination is carried out in the maternity hospital, but if for some reason it was not performed at the maternity hospital, or your child has a questionable result, you will be offered to examine the child in the clinic.

It will be more convenient for you and your baby to undergo ultrasound and audio screening before seeing the doctors so that they can evaluate the results of the examination.

What to take with you to the clinic?

Two diapers (one for the changing table, the other for the scale), sanitary napkins, a rattle, a pacifier (if your child is used to it), a spare diaper, in the summer - a bottle of water.

The results of the examination (ultrasound, audio screening).

And, of course, a notebook with your questions, it would be nice to write down the doctor's recommendations and the characteristics of your child there - you will get something like a mother's diary.

Newborn baby first examination in the clinic examinations of doctors

In the clinic, you will have to see a pediatrician, neurologist, ophthalmologist, surgeon and get vaccinated against viral hepatitis B.

You need to make an appointment with a neurologist, ophthalmologist, and surgeon in advance.

  • Optometrist reveals congenital and inflammatory diseases of the eye and lacrimal ducts. The most common are congenital dacryocystitis (impaired patency of the nasolacrimal duct and inflammation of the lacrimal sac) and conjunctivitis. If necessary, prescribe treatment. The ophthalmologist also detects changes in the fundus, which also reflects the state of the child's central nervous system. Neurologist will definitely pay attention to this.
  • Neurologist will examine the child, check reflexes, measure the circumference of the head and chest, evaluate the results of ultrasound of the head and examination of the fundus and, if necessary, prescribe treatment for your child.
  • Surgeon he will check whether the child has hernias, and in the boys he will examine the external genitalia. Give your recommendations.
  • Orthopedist will check the condition of the musculoskeletal system in order to exclude congenital diseases (for example, clubfoot, dislocation of the hip), here the results of ultrasound are just needed.

Pediatrician examination

At the pediatrician's appointment, the child will be weighed, height measured, the doctor will examine him, evaluate his physical and neuropsychic development, and give recommendations.

Usually, from the age of 1 month, all children are prescribed vitamin D at a dose of 500 IU - 1 drop of a solution (now vitamin D is used - water-soluble) - 1 time per day - for the prevention of rickets. The doctor will definitely tell you about this, perhaps your child will need a different dose, or for some reason you don’t need vitamin D, you will also find out about this at the appointment.

If everything is in order with your child, the pediatrician will refer you for a hepatitis B vaccination. This hepatitis B vaccine is the second for your child - the first was done in the maternity hospital, on the first day after birth. There were no reactions to this vaccination during my practice. I place the instruction for one of the vaccines under the heading "Vaccines" This vaccination must be included in the vaccination certificate. You will probably be given a referral for your next appointment.

The next time you will have an examination at the clinic at 2 months.

From the first minutes of life, the baby falls into the hands of obstetricians, who perform various medical actions with him. The newborn is weighed, growth is determined, and its parameters are evaluated according to the Apgar scale. After the maternity hospital, district pediatricians continue to monitor the child. The doctor regularly visits the baby, monitors his condition.

The first trip to the children's clinic is scheduled 4 weeks after birth. The pediatrician performs a general examination and sends the child to specialists who diagnose his development in order to exclude or detect existing deviations at the initial stage. Early detection of pathology helps to maintain the health of the baby.


The need for the first medical examination of a newborn baby

Parents will know in advance about the date of the first visit to the doctors. The nurse who visited the baby at home in the first weeks after birth tells mom and dad when they should come with the baby for a checkup. As a rule, the medical examination of children at 1 month is scheduled for a certain day when patients are not admitted. This excludes the possibility of contact of healthy babies with sick ones.

In some polyclinics, infants at the age of one month are admitted in the room of a healthy child. The purpose of organizing such rooms is to separate sick and healthy children.

Parents should be very responsible for the medical commission in the first month of life. A medical examination in the early period allows you to determine whether the development of the child corresponds to the age, whether the main systems of his body are functioning correctly, whether there are any deviations indicating the beginning of the pathological process. If, during the examination, the doctor fixes any inconsistencies with the parameters of normal development, he will send the baby for additional examinations.

The next visit to the clinic will take place at the age of 2 months. Up to 1 year of medical examination is carried out monthly.

Which doctors need to undergo a routine examination?

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At the first visit to the clinic, parents need to show the baby to the local pediatrician. The doctor will examine the baby, listen to his breathing, check the mucous surfaces of the nasal cavity and mouth. The pediatrician must check how the process of overgrowing of the fontanel is going, and also tells the mother which doctors the newborn needs to go through at 1 month.


The nurse takes measurements of the circumference of the skull, chest, measures body weight, height and other parameters, issues a list of doctors that children undergo at 1 month. After this, the child is examined by a neuropathologist, surgeon, ophthalmologist, orthopedist, otolaryngologist. If the need arises, the list of doctors can be increased.

In addition, at the age of 1 month, the baby must pass a series of tests, undergo an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity. On this day, the second vaccination against hepatitis B is prescribed. If the child has a cold, he has a runny nose, then the vaccination should be postponed to another day to avoid complications, since the vaccine can aggravate the baby's condition.

Pediatric neuropathologist

A scheduled visit to a neurologist occurs every three months. This is due to the rapid growth and development of babies, the emergence of new skills in them. A specialist neurologist analyzes the motor activity of the baby, the degree of development of its innate reflexes, and muscle tone. The doctor studies the shape of the child's head, the naturalness of his postures, the color of the skin, facial expressions.

Often, during a visit to the surgeon, vascular diseases, pathologies of internal organs, hemangioma and lymphangioma are found. If necessary, the doctor directs the child for additional examinations, prescribes a course of massage, gives recommendations to the mother on massage at home.

Appointment with an orthopedist

Along with other specialists, a visit to the orthopedist is mandatory. The doctor analyzes the structure of the pelvis and legs of the child, evaluates the development of his musculoskeletal system. The legs must be the same length.

Flexion and extension of the lower extremities reveals congenital dislocation of the hip joint, clubfoot, curvature of the legs, and asymmetry in the length of the limbs. The orthopedist can prescribe a certain type of massage for the baby, send him to classes in the exercise therapy room, and recommend the use of special orthopedic devices.

Additional types of examinations

In addition to the examination of planned doctors, monthly babies will have to undergo some additional examinations. Usually at this age, children are prescribed:

  • Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and hip joints;
  • neurosonography.

With the help of an ECG, abnormalities in the work of the heart can be recorded. The cardiogram shows the presence of vascular pathology, cardiomyopathy, allows you to diagnose congenital malformations of the heart muscle.

Neurosonography, or ultrasound of the brain, is most often prescribed for babies born prematurely with low Apgar scores at birth. This method of studying the brain is aimed at identifying neoplasms, structural disorders of brain structures, hemorrhages, and signs of hydrocephalus.

Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity is performed on an empty stomach, so the baby should not be fed for 3 hours before the procedure. This examination makes it possible to identify pathologies of internal organs and analyze their activity.

Without fail, infants are assigned an ultrasound of the hip joints. The study helps to diagnose dysplasia, which is quite common in infants. If, with this pathology, the necessary treatment is carried out, then by the time the child begins to stand up, he will be completely healthy.

vaccination room

At the end of the first month of life, the baby should visit the vaccination room. For the first time, newborns are vaccinated in the hospital. One of the first vaccinations is the hepatitis vaccine, which is placed in the thigh muscle. The vaccine is usually well tolerated by children and does not cause complications or adverse reactions.

At 1 month, the child is re-vaccinated against hepatitis. However, before coming to the treatment room, parents must obtain permission from the local pediatrician. The doctor examines the baby, measures his body temperature, the condition of the mucous membranes of the throat and nose, listens to breathing, heart rhythms.

After that, the pediatrician gives an opinion on the possibility of vaccination at the moment or on its transfer to another time, depending on the general well-being of the baby. If the child’s health status was not correctly assessed during the introduction of the vaccine, then as a result, the baby may have a fever, and a rash will appear on the body.

Parents can refuse to vaccinate their baby, regardless of the doctor's recommendations. However, before making such a decision, they should carefully weigh all the positive and negative points, consult with an experienced specialist.

At the request of the parents, the child can be vaccinated by a certain manufacturer. If there is such a need, then you need to notify your local doctor in advance.

Whether it is necessary to hand over any analyses?

At the first visit to the clinic, the baby will have to pass 2 tests: a general blood and urine test. These studies show the general health of the child. The ratio of the main elements of blood, their quantitative indicators reflect the presence or absence of inflammatory processes in the body, the functioning of all organs and systems. Urinalysis reflects the course of metabolic processes, the presence of impurities in the material may indicate dysfunction of the urinary system.

Any portion of urine is suitable for research, but it is better to collect the baby's first morning urine. Before filling the jar for analysis, the child must be washed well. If the collection of material is difficult, then parents can use a device such as a urinal.

Blood sampling for general analysis is usually carried out on an empty stomach. In infants at the age of 1 month, it is allowed to do this even after eating, since the baby during this period eats only breast milk or a special infant formula, which affects the results of the analysis.


Until the age of one, children are under the constant supervision of pediatricians. But it is after reaching one year that the main functions of the body are formed in the child, so parents need to make a round of doctors - to conduct the first full medical examination of the baby. The sooner problems in the development and health of the child are detected, the easier it will be to correct them.

We already wrote about that, but now the list of doctors has expanded, several new specialists have appeared.

Which doctors should be visited

The list of doctors at 1 year old is common for all children, it can be supplemented by other specialists if the child is under their supervision or the mother is worried about something special in the condition and behavior of the baby:

  1. Pediatrician conducting general preventive examinations and, if necessary, directing for an additional examination;
  2. Neurologist which will check the motor functions, the state of mental and mental development;
  3. Orthopedist, fixing the state of the musculoskeletal system, checking gait, the presence of clubfoot or torticollis. At the age of one year, children are often given flat feet and are recommended to walk in orthopedic shoes, more often to walk on natural irregularities (grass, sand, earth, pebbles, etc.). At home, for foot massage, you can use a special orthopedic mat with elements of different structure and stiffness that stimulate the foot to the correct setting.
  4. Surgeon, which can detect damage to internal organs and the vascular system in time, determine the severity of the consequences of injuries if the child had them;
  5. Ophthalmologist for eye examination and early detection of pathologies such as myopia, astigmatism, strabismus, retinal diseases;
  6. Cardiologist to check the work of the heart and blood vessels using an ECG;
  7. Otolaryngologist for examination of nasal breathing and hearing of the child;
  8. Dentist, which will check the first teeth, bite and the presence of caries .

In some polyclinics, girls at the age of 1 are sent for a routine examination to gynecologist. For some parents, this is the norm, while others are indignant and do not understand why such babies need it? Although the surgeon examines the genitals of the boys, and no one complains or is indignant.

In fact, a pediatric gynecologist conducts only a visual examination of the child's genitals, does not go anywhere, as many people think. With poor and improper care of the baby, fusion of the labia (synechia), inflammation, thrush can occur, and then the doctor will help and give recommendations for treatment and care.

Another controversial specialist who has recently been introduced to the commission of doctors for passing in 1 year is psychiatrist. It may seem to most parents that this is already too much, why check such a crumb for mental abnormalities?

In fact, a psychiatrist will not do anything terrible to your child, he will simply look at what the baby can do (walk, pronounce simple words, etc.), whether he distinguishes between a loved one and a stranger, an unfamiliar one. Parents may be asked how the child sleeps, how they play, if there are any complaints, and if relatives have had mental illnesses.

Logically, a psychiatrist in a year only in exceptional cases (with real problems) can recommend something worthwhile, usually bypassing it is a pure formality for ticking. For those parents who are categorically against visiting a psychiatrist, you can simply write a refusal.



Additional Research

The pediatrician will definitely give a referral to blood, urine, feces tests for worm eggs . It is also necessary to consider the issue of vaccinations, which are now being refused by many for reasons that are completely unconvincing.

Not a single children's clinic will insist on vaccinations if the child is unwell or has a severe allergy. You can vaccinate children a little later, but if everything is in order, then at the age of one year it is necessary to make a test Mantoux and vaccinations from mumps (mumps), rubella and measles.

Children who won't get through these kinds vaccination, subsequently risk a lot: boys - infertility as a complication after mumps, and girls - the risk of getting rubella during pregnancy and giving birth to a sick child.

Often, seeing such a “decent” list of doctors required for passing a year, parents are shocked. Some do not see any reason to drag the child around the clinic's offices, because visually he is doing well anyway. But remember, you will do this not for a tick in the medical record, but to check the health of the baby and your peace of mind.

There were times when the doctor recommended that the baby additional ultrasound examinations of internal organs, kidneys and heart. Parents followed the doctor's recommendations and found out that the little one had kidney problems, a twisted gallbladder and other problems with internal organs. Having learned about the problems in time, the doctors helped little patients on time.

Responsible parents of all these doctors visit every year - this is the key to early diagnosis of various pathologies and a high chance of curing them. In addition, the results of all examinations will inevitably affect the admission of a child to childcare facilities.

Whatever the week, then a call from the clinic - come for an examination, for vaccination, for analysis! This is annoying, interferes with the calm flow of life and upsets family plans, in the end. And yet, visiting doctors "on schedule" is extremely important, because any violations in the development of the child are most easily corrected during the first two years. So that the next visit to the doctor does not turn out to be an unpleasant surprise for you, carefully study our article.

Up to 1 month

While the child is very tiny, you do not need to visit the clinic: Doctors come to the house themselves. The health visitor will visit the newborn frequently to check on their condition, assess the speed of healing of the umbilical wound and answer questions from parents regarding child care (don't miss the opportunity to ask!). The pediatrician will also visit the baby several times. The doctor will examine the baby to rule out congenital pathologies (heart disease or pyloric stenosis, for example), evaluate weight and height gain, monitor neurological development, give advice on breastfeeding, etc. Vaccinations Even in the maternity hospital, the child should receive two vaccinations: BCG. A vaccine against tuberculosis, which in young children can develop rapidly and in very severe forms. Vaccination is carried out already on the third day after birth. Hepatitis B. Fortunately, babies are rarely infected with this dangerous disease (the virus is transmitted only through contact with blood). But if this does happen, the disease is incredibly difficult. That is why the first vaccination against hepatitis B is done in the very first days of life (the vaccination course includes 3 vaccinations).

1-3 months

A one-month-old baby begins to make visits to the clinic “on his own”. From now on, the pediatrician must be visited monthly - for a dispensary examination. Each time, the doctor will measure height, weight, chest and head volume, as well as evaluate the skills of the crumbs. In addition, the pediatrician will give you referrals to other specialists. It is necessary that at the age of 1-2 months the child is examined:
-Neurologist. This doctor will evaluate the baby's reflexes, his muscle tone, activity, head growth rate, etc. If necessary, the doctor will give a referral for an ultrasound of the brain through the fontanel - neurosonography (NSG). Based on the results of the examination and examination, the doctor will tell you when it will be necessary to visit him next time (a healthy child is usually invited for an examination in 3-4 months).

Oculist. The doctor will look at the child's eyes, evaluate his vision, exclude inflammatory diseases, and then set the date for the next visit. A healthy baby will need an ophthalmologist now only closer to 6-7 months.

ENT doctor. This specialist will evaluate the child's hearing and exclude certain congenital disorders. If the baby is in perfect order, then the next visit to the otorhinolaryngologist can be planned for 12 months.

Orthopedic surgeon. It checks the state of the musculoskeletal system and excludes pathologies such as congenital hip dislocation or, for example, muscular torticollis. If necessary, the surgeon will give a referral for an ultrasound of the hip joints.

Vaccinations A one-month-old baby needs a second vaccination against hepatitis B.

3-4 months

In addition to the pediatrician (monthly), the child will again be examined by a neurologist and, possibly, an orthopedist. In addition, the pediatrician will give you referrals for a complete blood and urine test - these must be taken before you go for vaccinations (test results are valid for 2 weeks). DTP vaccinations. This is a pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (there are many vaccines - both domestic and foreign). Whooping cough is deadly for young children - it can cause respiratory arrest. It is probably unnecessary to talk about the danger of diphtheria and tetanus. The vaccination course includes 3 vaccinations in the first year of life and revaccination a year after the last, third, injection. Attention! Before the first vaccination, it is necessary to take blood and urine tests, as well as obtain permission to vaccinate from a neurologist. Polio vaccination. This viral infection can lead to disability or even death of the baby, and the smaller the child, the higher the risk of death. The vaccination course includes 3 vaccinations in the first year of life (the first two - intramuscularly, the third time - drops) and 2 revaccinations in the second year of life (drops). Haemophilus influenzae vaccine. This bacterium is the main causative agent of otitis media, bronchitis and pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. Vaccination can drastically reduce the number of such diseases and reduce the need for antibiotics. The vaccination course includes 3 vaccinations in the first year of life and 1 revaccination in the second.

4-6 months

During this period, you will have: monthly visits to the pediatrician; examination by a neurologist (at 6 months) - the doctor will assess the development of the child, check his reflexes and muscle tone; appointment with an ophthalmologist (at 6 months) - for re-evaluation of vision and exclusion of strabismus. If necessary, a six-month-old baby will be re-examined by an orthopedist and / or an ENT doctor. Vaccinations 1.5 months after the first Vaccination (that is, at 4.5 months if the first vaccine was administered at 3 months), vaccination against: pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus is repeated; hemophilic infection; poliomyelitis (intramuscularly). The third vaccination is carried out 1.5 months after the second (that is, at 6 months, if the first vaccination was done at 3 months, and the second at 4.5 months). Also at 6 months, the third and final vaccination against hepatitis B is given.

7-11 months

At this time, a healthy little one needs only monthly examinations by a pediatrician - with the already familiar weighing, measuring growth and discussing pressing developmental issues (teething, ongoing introduction of complementary foods, etc.).

Without a pediatrician - nowhere: you need to take stock of the first year of a child's life - how he grew up, what he ate, whether he was healthy, etc. In addition, you should visit:

Neurologist. The doctor will evaluate the psychomotor and speech development of the child - how the baby moves, what he can do, what he knows, whether he can speak, etc.

Ophthalmologist. The doctor will check the child's vision and once again make sure that he does not have strabismus.

Orthopedist. A specialist will help you choose the first shoes for your baby.

Dentist. The new doctor on your list will assess the condition of your teething teeth, give advice on how to care for them, and tell you how often you will need to return for follow-up checkups (once every 3 months, once every 6 months, or, for example, once a year).

Vaccinations

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Up to a year, this vaccination is not done, because protective antibodies received from the mother during fetal development still “float” in the baby’s blood. However, by 12 months they are destroyed - and the baby remains completely defenseless against viruses that cause serious diseases. Vaccination is carried out once, and revaccination will be done when the child is 6 years old.

13-17 months

If the pediatrician examined the child at 12 months, then the next visit to this doctor will be scheduled only at 15 months. The good news is that throughout the second year of life, the pediatrician will examine the baby every 3 months. The scheme of visits remains the same: measurement of height and weight, assessment of development and consultation of the mother on all issues of interest to her.

One and half year

Doctors At 18 months, the baby is sent for a traditional examination to the pediatrician, and also, if necessary, to one of the specialists (neurologist, ophthalmologist, etc.). It is also advisable to visit an orthopedist.

Vaccinations

In a year and a half, the first revaccination against polio is carried out (drops in the mouth), and two months later - the second. 2 years Doctors The obligatory program includes a visit to the pediatrician with summarizing the results of the second year of the child's life. The doctor will certainly give you directions for a general blood and urine test (unless, of course, he did this before). In addition, the baby must be shown to a neurologist - he will assess the psychomotor and speech development of the child and advise which educational games to play with him.