How much weight do you gain during pregnancy? Weight during pregnancy: norm by week. What can you eat to avoid excess weight gain?

05.10.2023

A woman’s greatest fear during pregnancy is naturally associated with the developmental norms of the baby. But a gradually increasing scale needle can cause panic. Hormonal changes change taste habits and desires, portion control is lost, and the expectant mother begins to gain weight. It is everyone’s task not to go beyond the norm in order to carry and give birth to a baby on their own. It will also help a woman after childbirth to go through the recovery period faster and return to her pre-conception form.

A table of the rate of weight gain during pregnancy by week will allow you to control the kilos you gain throughout the gestation period. If there are sudden changes, it is necessary to adjust your diet and daily routine to restore your performance.

How does weight gain happen?

Natural physiological processes lead to an increase in a pregnant woman’s body weight by an average of 10-12 kg. This figure occurs already at 36-38 weeks, at the time of birth. The main part is the weight of the baby (3-4 kg), as well as the uterus, which grows proportionally as the child develops (2 kg along with amniotic fluid). The volume of blood also increases significantly; 1.5-1.8 kg is required to transport all nutrients and oxygen. More fluid accumulates in the body, fluctuations occur in the range from 1.5 to 2.5 kg.

Excess weight affects not only the mother, the child can be very large at the time of birth, and the birth process is complicated by sizes over 4 kg. It provokes weight gain and late toxicosis, which is dangerous due to increased blood pressure and the appearance of abnormalities. Losing body weight is also undesirable, especially in the second and third trimester.

Correct weight measurement

Control is necessarily carried out by a gynecologist; in consultation before the appointment, a nurse weighs the expectant mother. If there are scales at home, and a woman independently keeps track of the grams gained, it is worth remembering simple rules:

the optimal time will be the morning, immediately upon awakening, after breakfast, and also during the day, weight can vary - increasing by 500-700 grams;
for the weighing process, choose permanent clothing; the consultation does not always take into account the factor of heavy warm sweaters and massive shoes, so the numbers for home and medical weighing may differ;
It is worth recording the obtained data in a notebook and, if necessary, showing them to the doctor to monitor possible sudden changes.

Recruitment standards

Average data allows you to monitor the indicators of both the pregnant woman and the child. If one fetus is pregnant, the optimal weight gain is from 8 to 16 kg. Accordingly, with twins, the figures increase from 16 to 22 kg. These are approximate data, they can vary both less and more, depending on the physiological characteristics of the woman.

Norm of weight gain by trimester:

in the first trimester, the formation of all the internal organs and systems of the embryo occurs, so the increase is minimal - no more than 2 kg, but if toxicosis is observed during this period, on the contrary, you can dramatically lose weight, after which all the kilograms can be replenished;
in the second trimester + 1 kg per month is a good indicator, the pregnant woman and her doctor can be satisfied with this result, the figure per week should not exceed 330 grams;
in the third trimester, the child grows rapidly, along with him the uterus, place, and the amount of amniotic fluid increase in size, so an increase of 1.6-2.3 per month is considered normal, any sudden jumps are undesirable, the baby grows gradually, and the rapidly gained kilograms will be deposited for mother's figure in the form of adipose tissue.

In other cases, a woman can gain a normal weight of 10-14 kg at the beginning, and then maintain this figure until childbirth. Or vice versa - weight gain occurs several weeks before birth. Such physiological features cannot indicate developmental abnormalities if other tests and studies correspond to the norm for a given period of pregnancy.

Weight gain by week

Analysis of indicators helps to control routine moments and nutrition for the normal course of pregnancy. The weight gain occurs unevenly; until 12-14 weeks, the figure can remain without apology. The most intensive growth occurs from 15 to 34 weeks, and in the period immediately before birth, the expectant mother may lose a little weight.

Weight gain by week during pregnancy depends on the woman’s initial body mass index. It is quite simple to calculate: weight needs to be divided by height squared. Indicators from 19 to 25 are considered normal, less is a lack of kilograms, more is overweight, as well as different degrees of obesity. The less the expectant mother weighed before conception, the more she gains throughout the 9 months (14-16 kg). If a woman had excess weight before pregnancy, then her weight gain should not exceed 8-11 kg, and if she is obese - up to 6 kg, with mandatory adherence to a diet.

The table shows a pregnant woman’s weight by week depending on body mass index (BMI)

Reasons for weight changes

It is not possible to determine averages that apply to all women. There are factors that provoke excess weight gain:

the initial weight of the pregnant woman, the lower it is, the faster it is replenished by the gained kilograms over the entire period of gestation;
a genetic tendency to be overweight makes itself felt, even with a balanced diet and physical activity;
Height also matters; the higher it is, the more proportionally more will be gained;
if the child is large, naturally the expectant mother will eat more, and the weight will rapidly increase in the third trimester;
swelling and dropsy leads to fluid retention in the body, due to which the scales will increase at the end of the first trimester;
changes in hormonal levels lead to an uncontrollable feeling of hunger and satiety, if willpower does not help limit the amount of portions, an extra 5-10 kg is guaranteed;
increased amount of amniotic fluid, polyhydramnios often leads to excess weight, the condition requires constant monitoring by a doctor;
in women after 30-35 years of age, the metabolic rate decreases and natural weight gain occurs.

Toxicosis of the first and last trimester can lead to a sharp decrease. The greatest risks to the fetus are the deterioration of the mother's condition in the last weeks. It is important to constantly monitor all biochemical parameters.

The danger of deviation from norms

Deterioration in quality of life, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, and limitation of physical activity are not the only problems that appear along with volumes. For both the baby and his mother, gaining extra pounds is associated with health risks:

varicose veins, deterioration of the cardiovascular system, which means a lack of nutrients for the child;
the load on the spinal column and pressure on all internal organs increases;
difficulty diagnosing the condition of the fetus during pregnancy;
development of hypertension and diabetes;
planned or emergency caesarean section;
premature birth or post-maturity;
excretory system infections;
possible complications of the birth process, both natural and during cesarean section;
delayed fetal development;
violation of the proportions between the head and pelvis;
the child’s tendency to develop obesity and diabetes in the future;
neurological disorders, episyndrome.

How much weight a pregnant woman should gain depends on her initial weight. To control a normal increase, you should follow the basic recommendations:

learn to eat properly, the diet should consist of a variety of high-quality and fresh products, proteins in the form of lean meat are required - rabbit, turkey, chicken, fish, cottage cheese, cheese, yogurt and whole milk;
Vegetables and herbs will help stabilize your weight; preference should also be given to traditional fruits and berries;
fats should be present in the form of vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, it is important to control the portion amount;
carbohydrates that are beneficial for mother and child are contained in porridge and whole grain bread, and it is better to avoid flour products if you are overweight;
limiting salt will help avoid swelling; it is also worth controlling the consumption of sugar, store-bought juices and sweets;
a set of physical exercises for pregnant women will allow you to prepare for the birth process and not gain excess weight, and will also speed up the subsequent recovery period.

A pregnant woman should not starve or go on diets. Reducing the portion size and split meals will help stabilize your weight to normal.

Many women are concerned about the question: “How much weight can you gain during pregnancy, so that after giving birth to a child, you can quickly lose the gained weight and regain your previous form?”

It is obvious to everyone that a woman should gain weight during pregnancy. However, until recently, some doctors argued that an expectant mother should not “eat for two” - and many women clearly did not eat enough, fearing excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

The lack of necessary elements and lack of body weight led to numerous problems during pregnancy, difficult childbirth and the birth of low-weight and weak children.

Women who gain weight within a reasonable range usually have an easier pregnancy and easier birth, and are less likely to have miscarriages or stillbirths.

Children who weigh more tend to be healthier; they are also better able to resist common diseases and infections. But everything must be done in moderation - pregnant women who gain too much weight may develop diabetes, so it is important to check your urine for sugar.

Overeating and excessive obesity are very harmful, which make it difficult to determine the size of the child, cause pain in the sacrum, in the legs, fatigue can increase and varicose veins appear. In this case, the child may grow to such a size that its natural birth will be difficult or even impossible. Complications often occur after a cesarean section, and it is difficult to lose weight after childbirth.

Sometimes the mother's weight gain does not correspond to the baby's birth weight.

You can gain 20 kg and give birth to a baby weighing 3 kg.

What are the dangers of pathological weight gain during pregnancy?

If you gain too much weight during pregnancy, problems may arise for both the pregnant woman and the fetus:

Excessive weight gain is one of the symptoms of late toxicosis, an unhealthy condition of a pregnant woman.
Late toxicosis can lead to the risk of miscarriage.
In this case, the woman experiences pain in the lower back and lower abdomen.
In particularly severe cases, premature birth or premature placental abruption are possible.
Excess weight makes it difficult for muscles to work.
Leads to the appearance of edema in the legs, anterior abdominal wall, and arms.
The back and calf muscles begin to ache, blood circulation in the veins of the legs is disrupted, and varicose veins worsen.
A pregnant woman gets tired more often and more, and becomes irritable.
For the fetus, late toxicosis is dangerous due to chronic oxygen starvation and even intrauterine death. Very obese women have a higher risk of all these complications.

What is normal weight gain during pregnancy?

The normal weight gain during pregnancy ranges between 7-16 kg. If a woman has a fragile structure, the weight gain can be up to 12 kg, and for large women 17 kg. Women expecting more than one child should gain between 14 and 22 kg, which is normal.

The number of pounds you gain during your pregnancy is determined by several factors, but one of them is your body weight immediately before pregnancy.

It has been observed that women with low weight before pregnancy gain more weight during pregnancy, and, conversely, those with excess body weight gain less. If your weight before pregnancy is within normal values, then most likely your gain will be in the middle between 7 and 16 kg, i.e. 11 and a half kg.

Where are the added kilograms distributed?

During the first months of pregnancy, a woman must accumulate a layer of fatty tissue to prepare for milk production and breastfeeding. These fat reserves persist after childbirth and usually gradually disappear if the woman breastfeeds and exercises. But weight gain during pregnancy is not only due to fat. More than half of this “extra weight” comes from the placenta, amniotic fluid, and the baby itself.

fruit - 3400 g
placenta - 650 g
amniotic fluid - 800 ml
uterus (increases in size during pregnancy) - 970 g
mammary glands (increase in size during pregnancy) - 405 g
increase in blood volume by 1450 ml
increase in extracellular fluid volume by 1480 g
body fat – 2345 g

Body mass index

In order to determine whether the expectant mother’s weight is overweight, low or normal for her height, a special index is used in medicine - body mass index (BMI).

Body mass index = body weight in kg / height in meters squared

Example: Height 1.70 m, weight 60 kg BMI= 60/1.7*1.7=20.7

If your pre-pregnancy BMI was less than 20, this means you were underweight before pregnancy. You are likely to gain more weight in 9 months than the average woman. The recommended increase for pregnancy with a BMI less than 20 is 13-16 kg.

A pre-pregnancy BMI of more than 27 indicates overweight (27-29 is overweight, more than 29 is obese). This does not mean that you should try to lose weight during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is not the time for dieting

Attempts to lose weight during pregnancy can negatively affect the baby's intrauterine development. Therefore, even if you are initially overweight, you need to gain a certain amount of kilograms during pregnancy, usually from 7 to 9 kg.

What is the weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy?

The average weight gain in the first trimester of pregnancy should be 1.5-2 kg and about 0.5 kg per week;
in the second trimester it will generally increase to 6-7 kg;
during the 7th and 8th months of pregnancy - 0.5 kg per week;
in the 9th month of pregnancy it will decrease by 0.5 kg per week compared to the 8th month, so that the total increase in the third trimester is 4-5 kg.

The rate of probable weight gain during pregnancy as a percentage:

0 – 12 weeks 10%

13 – 20 weeks 25%

21 – 28 weeks 45%

29 – 36 weeks 20%

37 – 40 weeks 0

Table of weight gain by week of pregnancy:

Week of pregnancy	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36	38	40
Weight gain
BMI	0,5	0,9	1,4	1,6	1,8	2,0	2,7	3,2	4,5	5,4	6,8	7,7	8,6	9,8	10,2	11,3	12,5	13,6	14,5	15,2
BMI=19.8– 26.0	0,5	0,7	1,0	1,2	1,3	1,5	1,9	2,3	3,6	4,8	5,7	6,4	7,7	8,2	9,1	10,0	10,9	11,8	12,7	13,6
BMI>26	0,5	0,5	0,6	0,7	0,8	0,9	1,0	1,4	2,3	2,9	3,4	3,9	5,0	5,4	5,9	6,4	7,3	7,9	8,6	9,1

In what cases is it necessary to consult a doctor about weight gain during pregnancy?

It is best if your weight is within the normal range and there are no sudden jumps up and down. You should consult your doctor if:

you did not gain weight during two weeks of pregnancy or during 4-8 weeks of pregnancy, gained more than 1.5 kg in the second trimester or more than 1 kg per week in the third trimester;
you do not gain weight within two weeks;
your actual weight gain is significantly different from your planned weight gain.

Important!

The numbers given here are not absolute figures and do not represent a strict rule that you should follow when assessing weight gain during your pregnancy. Only the doctor you are seeing will help you control your weight, determine what is normal for you, and understand how quickly or slowly you are gaining weight.

Should a pregnant woman eat for two?

During pregnancy, the number of calories you consume should be increased, but this does not mean that you should eat “for two”. In the first three months of pregnancy, you need an extra 100 calories per day. During the next six months of pregnancy, energy requirements increase to 300 calories per day in addition to the normal diet.

Will it be easier to return to my original weight if I gain less weight during pregnancy?

No. Recent studies have shown that after childbirth, both women who gained the recommended weight gain and those who gained less than they needed, there is no difference in the amount of extra weight remaining compared to their initial pre-pregnancy weight. It is known that women who breastfeed their babies have an easier time losing the weight they gained during pregnancy.

What determines the size of the abdomen during pregnancy?

The height of the abdomen, or the height of the uterine fundus, normally corresponds to the period of pregnancy. For example, at the 32nd week of pregnancy it should be 32-33 cm. But the “fullness” of the abdomen depends on the individual characteristics of the woman. Sometimes it is influenced by the anatomical structure: in petite women with a narrow pelvis, the stomach is much more noticeable than in tall women with curvy hips. But most of all, the growth of the abdomen is associated with the general weight gain of the pregnant woman. And this is precisely what a woman should constantly pay her attention to. What can cause excessive weight gain during pregnancy?

Sometimes those who love to eat a lot quickly gain weight. However, moderation in food does not guarantee normal weight. Some women have too much fluid in their bodies - for example, when their kidneys are not working well. Therefore, if a pregnant woman gains weight too quickly, she should check the amount of fluid she drinks and excretes per day. A healthy woman secretes more fluid than she consumes. And fluid retention in the body leads to weight gain. Then not only external, but also internal organs swell. Swelling of the placenta is especially dangerous: it disrupts the normal development of the fetus.

How can a pregnant woman get rid of edema?

The expectant mother should carefully consider the dietary recommendations that the doctor will give her. As a rule, experts advise all pregnant women to limit their intake of salt, as well as spicy, fried, and fatty foods. The fact is that they contribute to fluid retention in the body and lead to the appearance of edema. It is recommended to carry out fasting days every 10 days. Of course, this does not mean that a pregnant woman should starve.

Hunger is strictly contraindicated for an expectant mother

On fasting days, a pregnant woman should limit herself to certain foods, for example, apples, cottage cheese, kefir, and meat in strictly defined quantities. In addition, maintaining bed rest - this improves the release of fluid from the body. Diuretic herbs also help well. But you shouldn’t sharply limit the amount of liquid you drink. It should be at least 1.2-1.5 liters per day.

Weight gain during pregnancy largely depends on kidney function

For example, weight increases rapidly with urolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis. Sometimes pyelonephritis occurs already during pregnancy. After all, at this time the hormonal background changes. The body begins to produce more of a hormone that helps dilate the urinary tract. And through these open gates, various infections easily penetrate the kidneys. That is why all pregnant women need to conduct a bacteriological examination of vaginal discharge and constantly monitor urine tests.

What to do if a pregnant woman’s fetus is too large and this explains her excess weight?

This may indicate another problem. Very often, large fetuses occur in women suffering from diabetes. If the woman herself was born large, then she needs to check her blood and urine sugar levels, since diabetes can also occur in a latent form.

Sometimes diabetes appears during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. Such pregnant women are at risk - even if elevated sugar levels showed up in only one of several tests. They are monitored at the Endocrinology Center at Moscow Clinical Hospital No. 1. These patients receive a glucometer, test strips and independently monitor the sugar levels in their urine and blood. They give birth in a maternity hospital at the same hospital, and their babies are immediately registered “for diabetes.” By the way, excessive weight gain during pregnancy often forces obstetricians to perform a cesarean section.

During what periods is sudden weight gain especially undesirable?

Excessive weight gain is especially dangerous in the second half of pregnancy, namely from the twentieth week. It leads to late toxicosis. And the earlier such complications begin, the more severe the outcome of the pregnancy.

That is why women are advised to regularly monitor their body weight, measure blood pressure in both arms, and do a urine test. With late toxicosis, the pressure usually increases, and protein appears in the urine. If all three symptoms are detected at once - swelling, high blood pressure and protein in the urine - the woman is urgently hospitalized.

Is it possible to somehow “regulate” the size of the fetus?

This requires a balanced diet, including foods rich in animal and plant proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Be sure to take vitamin preparations: “Materna”, “For pregnant and lactating”, “Prenatal”, “Pregnavit”.

Does fluid intake affect the amount of amniotic fluid?

No. The causes of excess amniotic fluid, or polyhydramnios, are completely different: diabetes mellitus, fetal development abnormalities, Rh conflict, infectious complications. Oligohydramnios often occurs during postterm pregnancy.

What is better: a small belly or a big one?

Insufficient weight gain often leads to impaired fetal development, the birth of a baby that is too small, premature birth, and sometimes even the death of the newborn. Pregnant women need to strive for the “golden mean”. By the way, American scientists have noticed that women with an optimistic outlook on life are less likely to have children with low birth weight.

Experts explain this by saying that optimists take better care of their health: they regularly do gymnastics and eat well.

Is there a direct relationship between the emotional state of a pregnant woman and extra pounds?

Some women in a stressful situation begin to intensively empty the refrigerator. So much for being overweight. And about others, on the contrary, one can say: “sadness and melancholy eats her up.” Therefore, it is so important for both the expectant mother and her loved ones to take care of her even, calm emotional mood.

Expectant mothers need to know that everything you eat during pregnancy should be healthy for you and your baby.

Your diet should include fresh, whole foods like fish, moderate amounts of lean meat, and a variety of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. If you haven't been eating right until now, now is the time to change your habits.

Listen to your body: if you eat right, you will feel good. Poor nutrition - an excess of chips, burgers and sweets - will manifest itself in a feeling of fatigue, exhaustion, lethargy and dependence on weather changes. If possible, buy organic produce or at least wash your fruits and vegetables properly. Some even cut off the peel to remove as many harmful chemicals as possible, but valuable nutrients are also thrown away with the peel. In any case, chemicals that cannot be washed off are probably contained in the pulp of the fruit.

How long will it take to return to previous forms?

This depends on many factors:

how many kilograms did you gain before giving birth;
How does your metabolism work?
are you predisposed to obesity;
How active is your lifestyle as a mom?

If on average a woman's weight during pregnancy increases by 12-16 kg, 6-7 kg are lost during childbirth and 6-10 kg are lost within 6-8 months, taking into account that in the first 3 months your weight should not change a lot. If the weight has increased by more than 16 kg, then it takes 1 month to remove every extra 3 kg.

But you shouldn’t take these numbers too seriously; they only show that weight loss should occur gradually.

But we are all individuals - and we each take our own path to our weight. The main thing is not to forget about the calorie content of your menu and nutritional balance.

Pregnancy, as a rule, lasts about 9 months; newborn children also do not differ much in height and weight. Why one woman gains weight a lot, and the second – a little? To answer this question, you need to understand the mechanism of weight gain during pregnancy.

An increase in body weight within normal limits is not only a guarantee that after childbirth the mother will be able to quickly return to good shape, but also confirmation of a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, from the moment of conception, a woman’s weight becomes the object of close attention not only to the expectant mother herself, but also to doctors.

How to weigh yourself correctly during pregnancy

Weighing is a mandatory procedure performed during each visit to the gynecologist, and part of the “homework”. To properly monitor weight gain, you need to make it a rule to weigh yourself regularly. It is best to use the same scales once a week, at the same time: in the morning before breakfast, with your bowels and bladder empty. It is advisable to be in the same clothes or without them, so that the obtained indicators can be compared later.

Normal weight gain during pregnancy

Of course, deposition of some fat during pregnancy is inevitable, this is absolutely normal and should be accepted. After giving birth, a new mother will be able, if she has enough desire, to quickly regain her previous weight. How many kilograms a woman gains during pregnancy depends on many reasons. The first of them is its original weight before conception. The lower your own weight, the more a woman can gain before giving birth. In order to determine whether the expectant mother’s weight is overweight, low or normal for her height, a special indicator is used in medicine - body mass index (BMI).

Body mass index = body weight in kg? /? height in meters squared

The woman's height is 1.70 m, weight 60 kg.
BMI=60?/?1.7*1.7=20.7.

Based on the obtained value:

if the index is less than 18.5, the weight is considered below normal;
index 18.5–25 – normal weight;
25-30 – overweight;
more than 30 – obesity.

So, if your BMI is less than 18.5, weight gain may be 12.5-18 kg. For normal weight (BMI 18.5-25) - 10-15 kg, for overweight (BMI 25-30) 7-11 kg, and for obesity (BMI >30) 6 kg or less, in accordance with the recommendations of your doctor .

The genetic constitution cannot be discounted. It is important whether the expectant mother has a tendency to be overweight or thin. So, even if the initial weight of two women is the same, but one of them has always been thin without following any diets, and the second achieved the same through dieting and training, then the first will gain significantly less than the second. This shouldn't be scary.

Another important factor is age. The older the woman, the greater the tendency to be overweight. weight gain.

Besides, weight gain depends on the characteristics of the pregnancy. So, for example, having experienced early toxicosis, the body will try to compensate for the loss of kilograms, and the woman will gain more at the end of pregnancy. It happens that due to hormonal changes, the expectant mother's appetite increases sharply and, if she cannot control it, weight gain will also be significant.

The size of the fetus also plays a role in this matter. If a large baby is expected (more than 4000 g), then both the weight of the placenta and the amount of amniotic fluid will be greater than usual. Consequently, the increase in a woman’s body weight will be more significant than if she were expecting the birth of a small child.

Particularly noticeable weight gain observed in women with multiple pregnancies. In this case, regardless of the mother’s initial weight, it will be 16–21 kg.

Rate of weight gain during pregnancy

Pregnant weight, as a rule, increases unevenly, and for each woman in her own way: for some, the arrow of the scale creeps to the right from the first days of pregnancy, while for others, a significant increase in kilograms begins only after the 20th week of gestation.

It is believed that in the first half of pregnancy, women gain approximately 40?% of the total weight gain, and already in the second - 60?%. The average weight gain in the first trimester of pregnancy should be about 0.2 kg per week. However, during this same period, many expectant mothers are worried about early toxicosis, so the total gain over 3 months can be 0–2 kg.

In recent weeks pregnancy weight gain pauses, the weight may even decrease slightly - in this way the body prepares for childbirth.

Weight gain during pregnancy

At the end of pregnancy, the kilograms acquired are approximately distributed as follows:

Fetus - the average weight of the fetus during a full-term pregnancy is 2500-4000 g. Normally, this is 25-30?% of the total increase. The baby’s weight increases especially quickly in the last weeks before childbirth, which is when the woman’s weight grows at the fastest rate.
The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterine cavity during pregnancy and communicates between the mother’s body and the fetus. Normally, the weight of the placenta together with the fetal membranes during a full-term pregnancy is 1?/?6-1?/?7 of the weight of the fetus, i.e. 400-600 g (5?% of weight gain).
Amniotic fluid, or amniotic fluid, is a biologically active medium surrounding the fetus. The volume of amniotic fluid depends on the duration of pregnancy. The increase in the amount of water occurs unevenly. Thus, at 10 weeks the volume of amniotic fluid averages 30 ml, at 18 weeks - 400 ml, and by 37-38 weeks of pregnancy - 1000-1500 ml (10?% of weight gain). By birth, the amount of water may be reduced to 800 ml.

During postterm pregnancy (at 41-42 weeks), a decrease in the volume of amniotic fluid is observed (less than 800 ml). With polyhydramnios, the volume of amniotic fluid can exceed 2 liters, and with oligohydramnios it can decrease to 500 ml.

The uterine muscle also increases its weight during pregnancy. Before pregnancy, the weight of the uterus is on average 50–100 g, and by the time of birth - 1 kg (10?% of weight gain). The volume of the uterine cavity at the end of pregnancy increases by more than 500 times. Over the previous 9 months, each muscle fiber lengthens 10 times and thickens approximately 5 times, and the vascular network of the uterus develops significantly.
There is an increase in blood volume to 1.5 kg and tissue fluid to 1.5–2 kg. Moreover, 0.5 kg is given by the increasing volume of the breast, together this amounts to 25?% of the weight gain.
The mass of additional fat deposits in a woman’s body is 3–4 kg (25–30?%).

Question weight gain during pregnancy It is no coincidence that it requires close attention. It is best if a pregnant woman’s body weight increases systematically, without sudden jumps up and down, and fits into the norm. Both underweight and excess weight during pregnancy can have negative consequences.

Meager nutrition during pregnancy And underweight can cause intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus, then the baby will be born with insufficient body weight (less than 2.5 kg). Malnutrition causes a disruption in the synthesis of hormones that maintain pregnancy, which, in turn, increases the risk of miscarriage. With insufficient body weight, newborns are often weakened, have neurological problems, are excitable, and are susceptible to colds.

Sometimes weight loss during pregnancy may be associated with the manifestation of certain diseases that are dangerous not only for the baby, but also for the mother. In this case, you must immediately consult a doctor.

Weight loss, lack of gain and excessive weight gain - all these conditions require consultation with a specialist to prevent possible pregnancy complications.

The expectant mother should be wary of the following trends.

No increase:

for three weeks in the first half of pregnancy;
for one week in the second half of pregnancy.

Increase:

more than 4 kg in the first trimester;
more than 1.5 kg per month in the second trimester;
more than 800 g per week in the third trimester.

You should immediately consult a doctor if in 1 week at any stage of pregnancy the weight of the expectant mother has increased by 2 kilograms or more!

If weight gain exceeds the individual norm, you should also consult a specialist.

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy

Excessive weight gain can cause high blood pressure, late toxicosis, diabetes mellitus in pregnant women, complications during childbirth.

Gestational diabetes mellitus. Most often the reason excess weight gain in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy is GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) - a condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that occurs during pregnancy in some women, and usually disappears spontaneously after childbirth.

Women with GDM have a higher risk of developing urinary tract infections and late toxicosis of pregnancy (a condition manifested by edema, increased blood pressure, and the appearance of protein in the urine). and premature birth. Elevated blood sugar levels in the mother are 2 times more likely to lead to complications in the development of the fetus. Such children are born with excess body weight (more than 4 kg), which complicates the normal course of childbirth.

The basis of treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus is diet therapy.

Edema and gestosis. In the third trimester excess weight gain most often associated with fluid retention, i.e. the occurrence of edema. Almost all expectant mothers know that edema is a frequent accompaniment of pregnancy. However, not everyone knows that edema can also be a sign of many diseases of the kidneys, blood vessels, heart and a sign of such a serious complication of pregnancy as late toxicosis or gestosis.

Edema in pregnant women is the first stage of gestosis; in 90% of cases, it is followed by protein in the urine and high blood pressure. Early treatment can prevent late toxicosis from progressing to subsequent more severe stages characterized by life-threatening high blood pressure, which can lead to more serious disorders that provoke seizures. Therefore, edema should be treated not only as a cosmetic defect, but also as a pathology requiring therapy.

If the expectant mother's previously comfortable shoes begin to feel tight, her rings are difficult to remove, or bags appear under her eyes in the morning, edema may be present. The skin on the swollen area is pale, tense and smooth; finger pressure can cause a slowly leveling dimple.

If weight gain in 1 week it amounted to more than 1 kilogram, the rings are not removed, and marks from the elastic band remain on the legs and waist - this is a signal for an emergency visit to the doctor. It is to exclude late toxicosis that the doctor will assess weight gain and measure the pregnant woman’s blood pressure.

Diet during pregnancy

Diets during pregnancy not recommended - even for overweight women. In nutrition, a “golden mean” is necessary, since both excess and deficiency of nutrients can adversely affect the condition of the fetus. Due to the increase in maternal blood volume and the construction of fetal and placental tissues, some weight gain is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. Some diets can cause deficiencies in nutrients such as iron, folic acid, and other important vitamins and minerals. And a sharp restriction in nutrition, leading to weight loss, can harm the child, since toxins are released into the blood when fat reserves are burned.

Nutrition during pregnancy

Still, there are some opportunities to influence excess weight gain in a pregnant woman there are women. The main method of correction is proper nutrition: selection of foods with beneficial properties, but with fewer “empty” calories.

Amount of food. The expectant mother's nutritional needs do not suddenly increase; they change as pregnancy progresses. The period of bearing a child does not mean at all that a woman now has to eat twice as much. In the third trimester alone, energy needs increase by an average of 17% compared to the non-pregnant state.

In the first half of pregnancy, there is no need to significantly change the amount of food, because at this stage very little is needed to ensure the growth of the little person. But it is precisely at the beginning, due to hormonal changes, that blood sugar levels drop significantly between meals, so many women feel hungry and feel like they need to eat more to get rid of it.

However, the feeling of hunger that the expectant mother may experience during this period cannot be “suppressed” by double portions for lunch and dinner. It is better to provide yourself with frequent (up to 6-7 times a day), but fractional (small portions) meals, which allows you to constantly maintain the same blood sugar level. You should strive to eat at the same hours every day, avoiding overeating.

In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, as a rule, it is quite enough to increase the number of kilocalories consumed by 200-300 per day, but they should be gained with healthy foods.

Composition of products. It is necessary to pay attention to the amount of carbohydrates and fats consumed. It is these components that make up “empty”, unnecessary calories that are not used to build the fetal body.

Diet during pregnancy: carbohydrates

Diet limiting readily available carbohydrates is the best prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus, since carbohydrates are the only type of nutrients that can directly increase blood glucose levels. In the second half of pregnancy, a woman should consume 400-500 g of carbohydrates per day.

All carbohydrates are divided into difficult and easily digestible. The restriction applies only to easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, juices, fruits, buns) after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is necessary to reduce the amount of sugar, sweets, flour and confectionery products, juices and sugary drinks, and also eat less fruits such as melon, banana, grapes and figs.

You should not use sugar substitutes; its effect on fetal development has not been studied.

It is recommended to give preference to sources of difficult-to-digest (the healthiest) carbohydrates, which are absorbed in the intestines much more slowly than sugar. These are cereals (buckwheat, millet, corn and oatmeal), vegetables (except potatoes), fruits (except grapes, bananas and melons), berries, nuts, bread made from wholemeal flour, including crushed grains or ground bran. All these products contain carbohydrates, vitamins, microelements and fiber, which, although it does not provide the body with energy, must be contained in food, as it creates a feeling of satiety and promotes normal intestinal function.

Diet during pregnancy: fats

IN nutrition for pregnant women You should moderately limit your overall intake of fats, especially those rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol (cooking and confectionery fats, hard margarines, fatty meats, high-fat dairy products). It is advisable to choose products with a low fat content, focusing both on their appearance and on the information on the percentage of fat content indicated on the product packaging. Preferred milk, kefir with a fat content of about 1-2?%, sour cream with a fat content of 10-15?%, cottage cheese up to 5?%, cheese 20-30?%.

Diet during pregnancy: proteins

Another important element for the body, which is the main building material, is protein. During pregnancy, proteins play an important role in the growth and development of the child and contribute to the proper formation of the placenta, uterus and mammary glands.

Diet with a high protein content - an excellent option for women whose weight during pregnancy exceeds the permissible norm. A huge advantage of such a diet is that the expectant mother consumes the amount of vitamins she and her baby need. The basis of the diet is protein products, since every day a pregnant woman needs to eat at least 100 g of proteins, and 60-70?% of this amount should be animal proteins (they are found in fish, meat, milk, dairy products, eggs). The remaining protein can be of plant origin (beans, soybeans, peas).

Protein intake throughout the day should be distributed as follows:

early breakfast – 30?%;
late breakfast – 20?%;
lunch – 30?%;
afternoon snack – 10?%;
dinner – 10?%.

Limiting salt. In the second half of pregnancy, from about the twentieth week, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of salt consumed: the more it is, the more fluid accumulates in the body. Often the amount of sodium chloride in the diet exceeds the need for it, which provokes swelling and a feeling of thirst. About a third of this microelement is contained in products, the second third in the form of table salt is added during their processing, and the remaining third is added to the finished dish.

The amount of table salt in the diet of pregnant women should not exceed 6-8 g per day.

If swelling occurs, this product should be strictly limited. A salt-free diet is recommended, which involves a complete abstinence from salt. Moreover, it is necessary to exclude from the diet not only salt itself, but also foods that contain a lot of it: salted fish and cucumbers, sausage, especially smoked sausage, all canned food and hard cheese.

If only variable products without salt they seem completely tasteless and insipid, you can resort to a little trick. The taste of salads, soups, meat and fish dishes will become expressive and attractive if you add green onions, parsley and celery, dill, fresh tomatoes, cumin, garlic, lemon juice, marjoram, and leeks.

Drinking regime during pregnancy

It is known that the human body consists of 80?% liquid. Modern research shows that for the normal course of pregnancy you should not limit yourself to fluids, even with edema. Fluid requirements in the first half pregnancy is 2 liters, in the second - 1.5 liters. It is important to use clean water - it quenches thirst best, has a beneficial effect on kidney function, is less retained in the body compared to any other drinks, and has no contraindications or side effects. Water is needed to improve metabolism, good bowel function, effective absorption of medications, optimal well-being, maintaining normal blood pressure, and adequate sleep.

You can only drink bottled water to avoid all kinds of bacteria and viruses entering your body. giving preference to low-mineralized (degree of mineralization 1 – 2 g?/? l), non-carbonated.

If edema occurs, you need to fight not with excess water consumption, but with salt. If a woman strictly observes the salt limit, then fluid intake does not need to be limited.

With a complete refusal of salt, it is enough to simply shift the equilibrium towards the bound liquid - i.e. eat juicy foods, fruits, vegetables. In this form, the liquid does not go into edema, but remains in the blood, the peel of the fruit normalizes stool, the vitamin benefits are also obvious.

Fasting days during pregnancy

You can arrange one-day diets during the period of bearing a child 1-2 times a week only after the 22nd week of pregnancy, when all the main organs and systems of the baby are already formed. A woman should first consult with a doctor about this possibility for her personally and agree with the doctor on the most suitable option.

It is better to “unload” on the same days of the week, then the body will already be adjusted to the restrictions in advance. If the frequency of fasting days is once a week, Monday is preferable, since diet violations are almost inevitable on weekends.

When carrying out fasting days, the entire amount of food required per day should be divided into 5-6 equal portions, which should be eaten at regular intervals. Between meals you should keep a break of 3-4 hours. Food needs to be chewed thoroughly, eaten slowly, without rushing: this is the only way the food will be well absorbed and bring greater satiety. You should also drink at least 2 liters of water on this day.

All women, one way or another, pay attention to their weight, but if in ordinary life diets, physical activity and other activities are designed only for your body, then with the onset of pregnancy you are responsible for the health of both. And, therefore, in a special state the norms will be different. In our article we will use the terms “weight” and “body weight”, in this context they are the same thing.

Total weight gain during pregnancy- This is an indicator of weight gain from the moment of diagnosed pregnancy until childbirth.

The biological value of weight gain during pregnancy is to create additional protection for the fertilized egg and the fetal sac. During pregnancy, adipose tissue is deposited mainly in the area of the mammary glands, buttocks, thighs and abdomen. In addition to mechanical protection, fat plays an energy-storing role in case of hunger; it happened evolutionarily and your body simply performs its assigned task.

Why control your weight during pregnancy?

Optimal weight gain is one of the indicators of a normal pregnancy.

When registering you will be asked:

Do your blood relatives (mother, grandmother, sister) suffer from obesity, diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome (complex metabolic disorder),

Have you been overweight before?

Have you had any sudden weight gain or loss and, if so, how did it affect your menstrual cycle?

How much weight did you gain during your previous pregnancy (if this is not your first pregnancy), did you regain your weight and how quickly.

They will also measure your height and weight.

Weight control is carried out every visit and helps to suspect the development of various pathological conditions as early as possible. At home, body weight control is carried out weekly, in the morning you weigh yourself on an empty stomach, after the morning toilet, in the same clothes. It is expected that when you come to your appointment, you will weigh yourself in approximately the same clothes to avoid diagnostic errors.

Initially, a woman has a certain weight indicator; the body mass index is used to objectively assess it.

Body Mass Index (BMI)– a relative value that allows us to assess the degree to which a person’s mass corresponds to his height.

To calculate BMI, the height in meters must be squared (for example, 1.75 × 1.75 = 3.06). Then divide the weight in kilograms by the square of height (for example, 67 ÷ 3.06 = 21.9 and this is the norm).

BMI< 16 – выраженный дефицит массы тела (истощение)
BMI = 16-18.5 – underweight
BMI = 18.5-25 – normal weight
BMI = 25-30 – overweight
BMI = 30-35 – first degree obesity
BMI = 35-40 – second degree obesity
BMI = 40 or more – third degree obesity or morbid (pathological, painful).

Taking into account the initial body weight, the permissible weight gain will be calculated.

Women with a BMI less than 16

Young pregnant women (under 18 years of age) who are still growing and need optimal nutritional intake

Women with multiple pregnancies (especially if it is triplets/quadruples, etc.).

For other patients the following is given: table of total body weight gain during pregnancy.

Body weight gain by week.

Weight gain occurs unevenly, about 40% of the increase occurs in the first half of pregnancy, and 60% in the second.

Not all women experience weight gain from the very beginning of pregnancy. In the first weeks, there may even be a decrease in body weight caused by toxicosis, vomiting during pregnancy, and loss of appetite. For some women, the increase begins only at 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Weight gain occurs not only due to the accumulation of fat mass in the mother and increased weight of the fetus. Weight gain is a collective concept and includes several components:

1) Full-term fetus (indicators from 2500 to 4000 grams are considered normal, average weight 3500 grams)

2) Placenta (weight about 600 grams)

3) Umbilical cord and membranes (about 500 – 600 grams)

4) Amniotic fluid or amniotic fluid (approximately 1 liter)

5) Uterus (during pregnancy, the uterus stretches significantly, muscle fibers are rearranged, it receives a massive blood supply, and its weight is about 1 kg)

6) The volume of circulating blood in the “mother – placenta – fetus” system (or “third circle of blood circulation”, which is 1.5 – 2 liters)

7) Deposition of subcutaneous fat, gradual development of mammary glands (about 2 - 3 kg)

We bring a table showing approximate weight gain by week of pregnancy. However, you should always discuss this issue with the obstetrician-gynecologist caring for your pregnancy.

Gestational age in weeks	Initial BMI<18.5	Initial BMI 18.5 - 25	Initial BMI 30 or more
4	0 – 0.9 kg	0 – 0.7 kg	0 – 0.5 kg
6	0 – 1.4 kg	0 – 1 kg	0 – 0.6 kg
8	0 – 1.6 kg	0 – 1.2 kg	0 – 0.7 kg
10	0 – 1.8 kg	0 – 1.3 kg	0 – 0.8 kg
12	0 – 2 kg	0 – 1.5 kg	0 – 1 kg
14	0.5 – 2.7 kg	0.5 – 2 kg	0.5 – 1.2 kg
16	Up to 3.6 kg	Up to 3 kg	Up to 1.4 kg
18	Up to 4.6 kg	Up to 4 kg	Up to 2.3 kg
20	Up to 6 kg	Up to 5.9 kg	Up to 2.9 kg
22	Up to 7.2 kg	Up to 7 kg	Up to 3.4 kg
24	Up to 8.6 kg	Up to 8.5 kg	Up to 3.9 kg
26	Up to 10 kg	Up to 10 kg	Up to 5 kg
28	Up to 13 kg	Up to 11 kg	Up to 5.4 kg
30	Up to 14 kg	Up to 12 kg	Up to 5.9 kg
32	Up to 15 kg	Up to 13 kg	Up to 6.4 kg
34	Up to 16 kg	Up to 14 kg	Up to 7.3 kg
36	Up to 17 kg	Up to 15 kg	Up to 7.9 kg
38	Up to 18 kg	Up to 16 kg	Up to 8.6 kg
40	Up to 18 kg	Up to 16 kg	Up to 9.1 kg

Of all the indicators that add up to total body weight gain, we are especially concerned about fetal growth, since low birth weight is associated with a greater risk of many diseases.

Gestational age in weeks	Fruit weight in grams
11	11
12	19
13	31
14	52
15	77
16	118
17	160
18	217
19	270
20	345
21	416
22	506
23	607
24	733
25	844
26	969
27	1135
28	1319
29	1482
30	1636
31	1779
32	1930
33	2088
34	2248
35	2414
36	2612
37	2820
38	2992
39	3170
40	3373

All indicators given here are of an average nature, and you should not thoroughly check your ultrasound data with our table. The main thing in monitoring the growth of the fetus is not even the absolute body weight, but the dynamics of its increase. At the beginning of pregnancy, the rate of increase is about 10–60 grams per week, and in the third trimester it is already about 100–300 grams per week. We have provided approximate values, and if you are worried about the baby’s weight, you should additionally ask your obstetrician-gynecologist.

Normally, weight gain during pregnancy is smooth, without sudden jumps, and ultimately falls within the given norms. However, this is not always the case.

Excessive weight gain

Excessive weight gain can be diagnosed for a certain period (for example, if the weight gain in 1 week was 4 kg) or for the entire period of pregnancy. The earlier the tendency to pathological weight gain is identified, the more effective the treatment.

Criteria for excess weight gain:

More than 2 kg in 1 week at any time
- more than 4 kg in total in the first 3 months
- more than 1.5 kg monthly during the second trimester
- more than 800 grams in 1 week in the third trimester

Causes:

Overeating/poor nutrition (excessive consumption of salt, simple carbohydrates, fatty foods, foods with preservatives, fast food)

Excessive fluid intake

Sedentary lifestyle

Chronic diseases that existed before pregnancy (diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, varicose veins and others)

Complications or what are the dangers of being overweight during pregnancy?

For mother:

1. Increased blood pressure
2. Development of edema
3. Development of preeclampsia
4. Gestational diabetes mellitus
5. Varicose veins
6. Urinary tract complications (gestational pyelonephritis)
7. Symphysiopathies and other complications of the musculoskeletal system
8. Premature aging of the placenta
9. Threat of premature birth (the main reason will be hormonal imbalance)
10. Risk of post-term pregnancy, weakness of labor or incoordination of labor
11. Risk of PIV (premature rupture of amniotic fluid)
12. Technical difficulties during caesarean section

First of all, women with excessive weight gain are at risk for developing preeclampsia. If alarming weight changes are detected, the patient will be examined by a doctor more often, and according to indications, further examination will be prescribed or hospitalization will be suggested.

For a child:

1. Fetal hypotrophy or, conversely, the birth of large children (over 4000 grams) or giant children (over 5000 grams).

2. Fetal hypoxia due to placental disorders

3. Disproportional development (inconsistency in the development of the sizes of the head, shoulder girdle and pelvis). This point is especially important when the mother develops gestational diabetes mellitus, since in this case diabetic fetopathy develops (“fetos” - fetus translated from Greek “fetus”), which includes many indicators, including obesity in the shoulder girdle, which creates difficulty during childbirth and increases the risk of birth trauma.

4. Increased risk of neurological pathology (convulsive syndrome and others)

5. Increased risk of obesity and diabetes in the future

What to do?

I. Examination

1) Complete blood count (CBC)
2) General urine analysis or OAM (primarily the presence of protein in the urine)
3) Biochemical blood test or BAC (primarily blood sugar)
4) Consultation with a therapist, endocrinologist
5) Daily blood pressure monitoring according to indications
6) Monitoring the condition of the fetus (ultrasound, Dopplerometry, cardiotocography)

II. Treatment

1) Balanced diet.

The simplest recommendation at first glance would be “eat right,” but it is more difficult to implement than buying pills at the pharmacy. You should treat menu planning and meal planning as a regular task that cannot be put off. The time while you carry your baby under your heart is given so that you give him the maximum possible.

The assurances of others that now you have to “eat for two” is a fundamentally incorrect statement. The calorie content of food should increase by an average of 200-300 kilocalories per day, but the consumption of protein, iron, calcium, folate and other macro- and micronutrients actually increases significantly, but these useful elements are usually found in low-calorie foods (liver, low-fat meat, milk and lettuce).

The daily diet should include three main meals and two to three snacks.

Healthy snacks include fruits, vegetables, unsweetened yogurt, and bran bread croutons. You should always have a snack with you.

A pregnant woman should never be hungry!

It is recommended to include in the diet: lean meat in boiled, baked and grilled forms, all types of fish, eggs, all dairy and fermented milk products (limit sour cream, heavy cream and butter), vegetables (limit potatoes, consume them boiled or baked), fruits ( limit grapes, bananas, melon), dried fruits, cereals (limit semolina and polished rice), bran bread/gray bread, legumes (if their consumption does not cause flatulence and does not affect stool), vegetable oils for salad dressing.

In limited quantities: fried foods, marmalade, chocolate, marshmallows, marshmallows, honey, nuts, candied fruits, potatoes, bananas, grapes, melon, butter, heavy cream, sour cream.

Salt provokes the retention of excess fluid in the tissues, which can lead to the development of edema. It is very difficult to calculate the recommended 5 grams of salt per day, but try, at a minimum, not to add salt to prepared foods, use mustard and lemon juice for salad dressings, and avoid foods with a high salt content (sausages and sausages, chips, ready-made croutons, etc. ).

You can also arrange fasting days (kefir, curd, vegetable, apple). On such days, you leave yourself a full lunch, and replace other meals with the selected product. But you should not be hungry; the rule of 5-6 meals a day must be followed.

It is also necessary to observe the optimal drinking regime . On average, the volume of liquid consumed per day should be 1200 - 1500 ml, this includes tea, coffee and other drinks, liquid in soups and cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables. It will not be possible to calculate exactly, but this is not required; it is important to understand the approximate volume. Most of the volume consumed should be clean water.

2) Fight against constipation.

Irregular bowel activity leads to the formation of gases and makes it difficult to absorb even the beneficial substances that you consume, so you should strive to ensure that stool retention does not last more than 1 - 2 days.

Eat a salad of white cabbage, carrots and boiled beets at night
- eat 6 dried apricots or prunes daily
- if these products are ineffective during pregnancy, it is allowed to use osmotic laxatives based on lactulose (Normaze, Duphalac, Romphalac, Goodlac, Laktulozashtada), take them 2-3 times a day, 1 tablespoon. Sometimes 1 tablespoon of the drug at night is enough to have stool in the morning.

Fitness for pregnant women is now gaining popularity; in fact, much of the program can be done at home, especially if you purchase a fitball (a soft, large-sized rubber gymnastic ball).

Any physical activity should be consistent with the well-being and tone of the uterus.

4) Herbal diuretics(if weight gain is due to edema).

Canephron is used (2 tablets 3 times a day), brusniver (brew 1 filter bag 3-4 times a day), the duration of taking both drugs is determined by your doctor.

Also in this case, positional therapy will be beneficial: take the knee-elbow position for 3-15 minutes, up to 6 times a day, depending on how you feel.

Diet with limited carbohydrates, insulin therapy as indicated.

Insufficient weight gain.

Insufficient weight gain means that the pregnant woman’s body does not receive enough nutrients and vitamins. If the mother does not receive enough nutrition, then the unborn baby will soon be deprived.

Causes:

Poor nutrition/malnutrition

Long-term chronic diseases (cardiovascular and bronchopulmonary diseases, diseases of the digestive tract, infectious diseases, including HIV infection and hepatitis)

Bad habits (smoking, alcohol, psychoactive substances)

Poor nutrition is the most common cause, and it does not always affect socially disadvantaged patients. It should be remembered that pregnancy is not the time for dieting. We have given recommendations for nutritious nutrition above. The only difference is that patients with insufficient weight gain do not need to limit themselves to eating bananas, full-fat dairy products and vegetable oil.

The approach to bad habits is obvious; they are incompatible with pregnancy, and you should quit as soon as you find out that you are pregnant.

Complications caused by insufficient weight gain:

For mother:

1) Complicated pregnancy (threat of miscarriage)
2) Complicated course of labor (discoordination of labor, weakness of labor forces)
3) Anemia, hypovitaminosis (manifestations will be weakness, fatigue, dry skin, hair loss)

For a child:

1) Fetal hypotrophy (low weight), fetal growth restriction (lag behind the gestational age).

2) Chronic fetal hypoxia, increases the risk of antenatal fetal death.

3) The frequency of developmental defects increases (with folic acid deficiency, the risk of nervous system defects increases), and the risk of immunodeficiency in the future.

What to do?

I. Examination

1) UAC
2) OAM
3) TANK
4) Ultrasound of internal organs and kidneys
5) Screening for STIs according to indications
6) Consultations with specialized specialists (infectious disease specialist, gastroenterologist, nephrologist)

II. Treatment

1) Balanced nutrition (see above)
2) Additional food.

Pregnant women with insufficient body weight and/or anemia (starting from moderate severity) are prescribed additional nutrition free of charge, for example, dry instant mixture Juno, which is taken 3 tablespoons per day.

3) Treatment of vomiting during pregnancy

Toxicosis in the first half of pregnancy and vomiting during pregnancy lead to a sharp decrease in appetite, aversion to food and, as a result, weight loss. The nutrition of such patients should be very fractional, in small portions (if this means that you will eat a cracker or a spoonful of yogurt 10-12 times a day, then this means that this is your diet for this period), the food should be gentle in temperature and consistency . It is also necessary to replenish lost fluid and drink at least 1500 ml of fluid per day (weak tea, mineral water, natural juices and clean water). Vomiting in a pregnant woman, which is repeated more than 6 times a day and leads to decreased ability to work, requires medical intervention and fluid replenishment with intravenous saline.

4) Monitoring and treatment of chronic diseases.

Pregnancy in the presence of chronic diseases should be carefully planned, and the diseases should be in the stage of compensation. If pregnancy is unplanned, you should visit a specialized specialist as early as possible.

Pregnancy is a wonderful period in a woman’s life that cannot be repeated, but along with the joy of expecting a baby, you also acquire great responsibility. And, in a sense, pregnancy is work, so menu planning, doctor visits and diagnostic procedures, and regular weight monitoring should be treated as work tasks. And the result will be a successful pregnancy, your good health, uncomplicated childbirth and a healthy baby. Take care of yourself and be healthy!

Obstetrician-gynecologist Petrova A.V.