Instructions for assembling paper models. Tips for a beginner modeller - Manual: How to build good models. Add a wing and plumage

24.09.2019

The most accessible form of creativity is paper modeling. Adults are also involved in it, when developing models of buildings, and children at school in labor lessons, in “Skillful Hands” circles. When developing model scans, factories often use the same type of paper for both small and large parts, which is not correct, because it is convenient to make small ones from thin paper, and large ones from thick cardboard for their strength.

Materials and tools

To work on this model, you need to take tissue paper (thin tubes are convenient to make), sheets of paper, as in sketchbooks, paper for printing on a printer, whatman paper (for tools), ordinary cardboard and thick cardboard for the frame and all kinds of films for windows. For some models, you may also need wire of different thicknesses, threads, ordinary fishing line, slats, fabric.
The tools will also be different: a metal ruler, a knitting needle with a diameter of 2 mm, scissors and scissors, tweezers, wire cutters, a knife, an awl, a protractor, small awls, a skin. Paints are mainly used acrylic, varnish for such paints, nitro varnish, nitro thinner, epoxy resin, glue. This is not a complete list of tools, materials and paints for working on a model, in any case, before you start working, you need to carefully study and find everything you need, and only then start working. The model cutting itself can either be bought in a store or downloaded from the Internet.

It is better for novice modellers-designers to take something easy to start with, a boat, a boat, a minesweeper and do it yourself from start to finish. For those who just want to try their hand at modeling, you can do with the usual disassembly, for those who want to build an exact copy, you need to collect all the information, all proportions, including colors, photographs, characteristics. Do not be confused by the material with which you will work - paper, if you show an already made model and say that you built it yourself from paper, there will be no limit to strong surprise.

Assembling a paper ship model (example)

The manufacture of any model should begin with the case, because if you start with a trifle, then when your hands reach the main part, everything else can get lost and crumpled.
To work on the frame, it is worth taking not thick cardboard, but dense, so that it does not stick out and does not crumble during operation. On this cardboard we glue elements of the frame and other parts that require high density. After everything dries, carefully cut out with scissors, in some places you can help with an awl and a knife. In the event that it is necessary to make a cutout in the part, it must be remembered that the thickness of the cutout must exactly match the thickness of the cardboard in order to avoid deformation. The assembly of the frame, as a rule, begins with the deck, then the underwater part is assembled, and only after that the whole hull is assembled together. Then the rest of the details are assembled.

The next stage of assembly is the skin of the underwater part of the hull. It starts from bow to stern, you can start on both sides and finish in the middle. Working on the appearance of the surface part is a more responsible task, since there is no reinforcement here and it can easily bend. The skin is glued carefully, not fanatically pressing it to the body, otherwise no density of cardboard will save it from dents. For more experienced modelers, the body can additionally be pasted over with fiberglass, after sanding it and then soaking it with epoxy. After complete drying, the body must be primed and puttied, and repeatedly, the drying layers must be processed with sandpaper.

Coloring in paper modeling

Coloring the model can be done with a brush, or even better. You need to start painting from the bottom, since this is the main part on which the model stands on a stand. Be sure to check with the original and select the desired shade of paint. Do not forget about the waterline, it must be done after the painting of the hull is completed. Painting the deck and other details should be done last.

In this example, it can be seen that paper modeling not a very easy thing, but for beginners, you can limit yourself to simply assembling a ship model on paper, which is what children often do in labor lessons.

>> >> Paper modeling

Poleychuk Alexander, 1st grade

The work was presented at the school scientific and practical conference and was highly appreciated by the jury. The students were presented with their own models of transport (bus, plane, ship, tank). The works are made of cardboard and paper, painted with gouache and water-based paint. And the design, and models, and the marking of parts, the child performed independently. after completing the first work, the student was asked to study the properties of paper, the history of occurrence and develop improved technical models.

Download:

Preview:

Scientific and practical conference of schoolchildren

Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 25 of the city of Togliatti

Job title:

"Paper Modeling"

Poleychuk Oleksandr,

1B grade student

Supervisor:

Maskaikina A.A.,

primary school teacher

2011-2012 academic year

paper modeling

A man is always looking for something to his liking. Someone is fond of drawing or reading books; someone embroiders or sculpts from plasticine ...

One of the interesting hobbies can be considered paper modeling. This type of training is very accessible and inexpensive. You can craft from any paper: thick and thin, colored or plain. And always at hand there are the necessary tools: scissors, a brush with glue, adhesive tape. You can make whatever you want: buildings and cars, ships and planes.

Therefore, the topic that will be discussed in the work can be considered relevant.

Purpose of the work: to learn as much as possible about paper modeling.

Tasks:

To study the articles of encyclopedias and the Internet on this topic;

Find out where and when paper appeared;

Find out where paper modeling came from;

Learn how to make paper models.

Where and when was paper invented?

Paper was invented in ancient China in 105. The raw materials for it were mulberry bark and algae. It was invented by the court scientist Tsai Lun. He took the secret from the wasps. This invention was kept secret. Paper figurines were used to offer to the gods.

Paper was made by hand.

In the 8th-10th centuries, paper production was further developed. Mechanical crushes begin to be used. Make paper most from rags.

Paper production quickly spread throughout Asia and then to Italy.

Thanks to the creation of special machines, the speed of paper production has increased. The Italians were the first to use glue on paper. It became waterproof.

In Rus', paper of its own production appeared in the 16th century under Tsar Ivan the Terrible. The beginning of mass paper production in Russia was laid by Peter I. To provide factories with raw materials, by royal decree, the army and navy collected outdated sails, unresined ropes, ropes and rags. Civilians were asked to bring the remains of worn-out linen items.

Almost until the end of the 18th century. paper was made from linen and cotton rags.

Nowadays, wood and waste paper are used to make paper.

paper modeling

"Model" comes from the Latin modulus meaning "reduced". Volumetric models made of paper and cardboard have an interesting history.

Paper modeling is almost the most ancient way of modeling.

The very first "models" began to be made by primitive people, using wood, stone, clay and sand.

Paper came much later, and first there was the road.

The first paper models appeared in France in the 15th century, along with the advent of machine-made paper.

The first pictures were cut out in the form of squares and pasted on cubes to teach children.

Around the same time, artists began to create such a type of portrait creation as cutting out the profile of a person from paper. Later, this direction in art was called "vytsinanka". For example, Ilya Repin was also engaged in this art.

Volumetric paper models were at first an expensive undertaking. In Russia, they were made for the Romanov family, it was for the daughters and son of Nicholas II that they made various models of buildings and equipment, as well as figurines of people and animals, using paper embossing and coated with precious metals, gold and silver, painted by hand. Paper models were no longer flat and admired for their splendor.

Also, paper models, buildings, ships and other equipment, figurines of people and animals, were made and are being made for various princely, royal, imperial and other royal houses from all over the world.

The appearance in the 20th century of models made of plastic, iron and wood dealt a strong blow to paper modeling. But even in the 21st century, paper models are the most affordable and easiest way.

Paper models are very durable. Paper folded in a special way acquires the properties of a strong material. Paper parts can be copied many times on their own at home, which cannot be done with plastic. Paper of various types is used: from tissue paper to thick Whatman paper. Many models come as ready-made kits with printed parts that just need to be cut and glued. But you can also assemble the model yourself.

Many engineers in the aviation, automotive and other industries made models of future technology in order to recreate them later in the finished product.

Today, paper modeling is divided into several areas - these are 2D modeling and 3D modeling.

2D modeling is a side view of the modeled object, equipped with a stand to make the model stable.

3D modeling is the production of three-dimensional models. To give volume to flat paper, it is folded into cones, cylinders, cubes.

Making paper models

Cardboard and paper modeling refers to the art of making scale models out of paper. Models are assembled from pre-prepared, cut and folded paper parts.

Many models can be bought as ready-made kits with printed parts that just need to be cut and glued. Magazines are published with details for the manufacture of different models.

But it is better to assemble the model yourself. You can make any model, but most often models of buildings, cars, ships, planes, helicopters, and other military and civilian equipment are created, less often figures of animals, insects, people and robots are made (I made models of a tank, bus, ship, plane).

The main tools and materials necessary for paper modeling: paper of various types, a ruler, scissors for cutting large and medium parts, a knife for curly cutting on paper, a brush and glue, paints.

Paper modeling is an exciting activity for a child and an adult, which does not require large expenses.

It is very widespread as a type of active recreation, hobby activities, labor education and training.

Creating Models

Model making

Most people who are fond of modeling begin their studies by making models from ready-made patterns or even from sets of finished parts. This makes it possible to gradually get acquainted with the most common and proven modeling techniques and solutions, master them and, on the basis of this, if you have the desire and ability, try to create varieties of well-known, and then completely your own models.

To make models from standard sets, you need to master the basics of reading a drawing. Assembling the model requires and trains a certain determination, perseverance, and attentiveness. At the same time, the natural alternation of coordinated movements of the hands and mind prevents local overstrain and the associated loss of interest in learning, etc. (which is typical for "ordinary" purely theoretical study).

Many well-known designers and engineers in the future began their acquaintance with science and technology from modeling circles. Among them are academicians A. S. Yakovlev, S. P. Korolev and others. In automotive and aviation engineering, it is a common practice to first create models of future technology and only then make a full-size object.

Paper used

Paper of various types is used: from tissue paper to thick Whatman paper. With one-sided or two-sided coloring, one-color or more complex. Many models come as ready-made kits with printed patterns (parts) that you just need to cut and glue. But you can also assemble the model yourself.

At the moment, the list of materials for modeling has grown a lot. There are good quality papers of various weights. From 90 to 300 g/m.

Directions of modeling

You can make a model of almost any object or creature out of paper, but most often models are created:

buildings and other architectural structures (for example, bridges);
ships, planes, helicopters, and other military and civilian equipment,
geometric bodies (mostly symmetrical: Platonic and Archimedean solids, star-shaped polyhedra)
paper images (models) of people, animals, plants, insects, dolls, robots, fairy-tale characters, etc. are made somewhat less frequently.

At the same time, hobbies significantly depend on personal interests, gender, age, natural and cultural-informational environment. So, for girls, the interest in modeling military aircraft and warships is usually noticeably inferior to making models of dolls, flowers, beautiful polyhedrons, paper parquets, etc.

Buildings are popular, most likely because they are the easiest to create a set of patterns and are very well embodied in paper, and also because architecture has taken a paramount place in human life, where architects modeled a building from paper, and then embodied it in stone or other materials. But models of airplanes, ships and other equipment are also popular, no less than models of buildings for most modellers, and buildings complement the space when creating dioramas in conjunction with technical models.

Planar and volume modeling

Paper models are flat (contour) and voluminous.

The contour model is a side view of the modeled object, equipped with a stand to make the model stable. This is technologically the simplest kind of models.
A three-dimensional model is a three-dimensional copy of an object. A flat paper pattern is folded in straight lines, as well as into cones and cylinders. Surfaces of double curvature are obtained using putty, papier-mâché technique, the use of individual parts made of wood and plastic [ ] .

Story

Many researchers of this issue believe that paper modeling is the most ancient way of modeling, but this is not entirely true. The very first "models" began to be made by primitive tribes, using improvised materials wood, stone, clay and sand. Paper appeared much later, and initially it was so expensive that it was used only for its intended purpose - for writing texts. The time of the appearance of the first paper is still controversial in the scientific world, some researchers associate the moment of its appearance with the second century BC, since something similar to paper was found in the second century BC in one of the tombs of China. Other scientists give later dates, II-VI centuries AD. At the same time, all researchers of this issue agree that paper came to us from the East from China, Korea, and Central Asia. It is believed that the first paper-making workshop was built in Samarkand by captured Chinese in the 7th century. In Europe, paper appeared much later in the 11th-12th centuries. The history of the emergence and development of paper production goes hand in hand with the history of paper modeling.

The first paper models appeared in France in the 15th century, along with the advent of serial printing technology. The first pictures were cut out in the form of squares and pasted on cubes to teach children. At about the same time, artists began to create such a type of portrait creation as cutting out the customer's profile from paper treated in a special way. Later, this direction in art was called "vytsinanka", and the cut profiles were called "vytsinanka". Eminent artists did not shy away from him, for example, - Ilya Repin. It did not require such consumables as paints and canvas and was widely spread among the people. Today, in Moscow, on the old Arbat, you can meet street craftsmen who offer to cut out the profile of anyone who wants it in two or three minutes.

Paper modeling can be classified as an occupation that will never cease to interest a person. Many orphanages of creativity necessarily organize design circles, because paper models not only provide an opportunity to get a new interesting figure or toy, but with their help you can improve your knowledge of physics and mathematics.

Tools for the job

To learn how to fold basic paper models, you will need simple tools like scissors, a utility knife, PVA glue, and a brush to apply it. Give preference to PVA construction glue - of all the varieties, it has the thickest consistency, it does not spoil the paper, making it wet and viscous, like a regular one.

Different models are folded from different types of paper - from cigarette to thick cardboard. Beginners are advised to start with 200g/m2 watercolor paper for large pieces and 140-160g/m2 drawing paper for smaller pieces.

Separate details, such as masts, railings, small finishing elements, are created by craftsmen from polymer clay, gypsum, plasticine and self-hardening plastic. If you also supplement your work with stucco parts, stock up on various stacks, molds - like those used in ceramic floristry.

How to make a paper model

The workflow for creating a paper model follows a few simple steps. Before starting the process, the master determines which figure he wants to design. In fact, almost any product can be made from paper, but paper modeling often involves the following options:

geometric figures, polyhedra with convex and concave corners;

scaled copies of famous buildings;

models of luxury cars;

models of military equipment: tanks, armored vehicles, heavy guns;

vehicles: planes, ships and submarines, trains.

Figurines of a person, animals, plants are constructed much less often than others. Once the product category is defined, the main part of the workflow begins.

Creating a Layout

Three-dimensional paper models are made up of several large and small parts - the schemes of elements must first be drawn on paper sheets of the desired color. Here a person cannot cope without understanding certain knowledge of geometry and the possibility of representing a three-dimensional image.

To make it easier for beginners to learn, many specialized magazines began to issue drawings of finished scans for a paper model, by gluing which you can get a figure.

You also need to cut the layout according to the rules. For example, a solid line along the contour indicates the place of the incision, the dotted line indicates the fold. But in each scheme, the designations are individual, so before cutting out, you need to read the explanations for the figure.

Assembly

After the drawings of the paper model are ready, the layout is glued and finishing work is done, if necessary.

To make the surface of the product realistic, craftsmen use different coatings: glossy varnishes, matting sprays, craquelure liquids, stains, etc.

Paper car models

A beginner in paper modeling will enjoy this master class, which contains information on how to construct a well-known model of a VAZ 21011 sedan car in just half an hour.

Stock up on heavy drawing paper or coated sheet if the figurine is being created as a gift for a friend.

On an A4 sheet using a color printer, print the finished scan of the paper model with your own hands. If you want to enlarge the scheme, make sure that the proportions of the length and width are preserved - changing the parameters may prevent the parts from joining correctly.

Put a picture of a real car of this brand in front of you to use the picture as a guide when assembling. Bend the reamer in the right places.

Give the blank the shape of a car to mark the gluing points for yourself. Only after that you can successively glue the white valves with glue and glue them to the necessary parts from the inside, fastening the parts of the machine to each other.

Please note that the tread strips need to be glued together, forming rings that will be attached to the wheels in order to get the most voluminous paper models.

paper tank models

The construction of military vehicles out of paper is somewhat more difficult than the creation of civilian vehicles because the guns are made up of many small parts that form the body.

To see this, try to form a difficult, but very interesting model of the German Panther tank.

On a thick A4 sheet, print out the drawings of the components of the tank using a color printer. Small details are best cut out of thin cardboard so as not to bend narrow curled elements.

Cut out the pieces with sharp scissors to make the job easier.

It is better to carry out gluing in blocks - separately connect the parts of the hull, propulsion system and turret, and then fasten large elements to each other.

To glue the parts of the tank in the correct order, follow this video tutorial when assembling.

Sometimes the joints are connected with small errors, due to which white paper stripes appear on the model. You can get rid of them with felt-tip pens or pencils similar to the color of the armor.

paper airplane models

If you already have some skills in building paper figures, you will surely enjoy building a paper and cardboard model of the Tu-104 passenger aircraft.

Print out the aircraft drawings on thick paper.

Stick the elements of the inner frame of the product on thin cardboard - they are marked with red numbers.

Details marked with a cross - frames or frame - are transferred to cardboard using a compass. In this case, you can calculate the radius of the circle by placing the compass needle in the middle of the cross, and the pencil on the circle. Patterns of paper frames must be glued to these cardboard blanks.

After developing the frame, start creating the fuselage, or body of the aircraft. Note that, unlike previous products, fuselage sections #1-8 do not have white fixing flaps. They are interconnected by special ribbons, represented on the patterns by the corresponding numbers in blue.

The frames are glued into the joints between the fuselage sections.

While the glue in the aircraft body dries, glue the tail parts together.

The engines of the apparatus are assembled like a fuselage.

Next, wings are formed using cardboard and paper.

Connect the parts of the hull, wings, bow and cockpit together.

The chassis assembly takes place in several stages - the wheels and their components are initially formed, after which the chassis is glued to the wings in a specially designated place.

You can also use the pattern to cut out a wooden chassis - it will be stronger and last longer than paper and cardboard.

In order to avoid bends and creases on the body and tail, stuff the parts with cotton during the assembly process. Decorate the plane as desired with decoupage sprays and paints.

You can make a simpler model of an airplane out of paper with your own hands, focusing on this video.

Take it, tell your friends!