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Psychologist's advice on the successful adaptation of a child to kindergarten: a memo to parents. Consultations for parents “Adaptation of the child to kindergarten

In general terms, this process is understood as the adaptation of an individual to a new environment and conditions. Such changes have an impact on the psyche of any person, including babies, who are forced to adapt to the garden.

It is necessary to understand in more detail what is adaptation to kindergarten. First of all, it is required from the child of huge energy costs, as a result of which the child's body is overstrained. In addition, the changed living conditions cannot be discounted, namely:

  • mom and dad and other relatives are absent nearby;
  • you must follow a clear daily routine;
  • need to interact with other children;
  • the amount of time devoted to a specific child decreases (the teacher communicates with 15 - 20 kids at the same time);
  • the baby is forced to obey the demands of strangers.

So, the baby's life is changing radically. In addition, the adaptation process is often fraught with undesirable shifts in the child's body, which are externally expressed in the form of disturbed behavioral norms and "bad" actions.

The stressful state in which the child is trying to adapt to the changed conditions is expressed by the following states:

  • disturbed sleep - the child wakes up with tears and refuses to fall asleep;
  • decreased appetite (or lack thereof) - the child does not want to try unfamiliar dishes;
  • regression of psychological skills - a child who used to speak, who knows how to dress, use cutlery, potty, “loses” such skills;
  • decreased cognitive interest - kids are not interested in new play accessories and their peers;
  • aggression or apathy - active children suddenly reduce activity, and previously calm kids show aggressiveness;
  • decreased immunity - during the period of adaptation of a small child to kindergarten, resistance to infectious diseases decreases.

Thus, the adaptation process is a complex phenomenon, during which the child's behavior can change dramatically. As you get used to the kindergarten, such problems disappear or are significantly smoothed out.

Adaptation degrees

The process of adaptation of a child in kindergarten can proceed in different ways. Some children are more likely to get used to the changed environment, while others bother their parents for a long time with negative behavioral reactions. It is by the severity and duration of the above problems that the success of the adaptation process is judged.

Psychologists distinguish several degrees of the adaptation process characteristic of toddlers.

In this case, the baby joins the children's team in 2 - 4 weeks. This type of adaptation is typical for most children and is characterized by the accelerated disappearance of negative behavioral reactions. You can judge that the kid easily gets used to the kindergarten by the following features:

  • he enters without tears and hysterics and remains in the group room;
  • when addressing, looks into the eyes of teachers;
  • able to voice a request for help;
  • is the first to make contact with peers;
  • able to occupy himself for a short period of time;
  • easily adjusts to the daily routine;
  • responds adequately to educational approving or disapproving remarks;
  • tells his parents about the lessons in the garden.

How long is the adaptation period in kindergarten in this case? At least 1.5 months. At the same time, the child is often sick, demonstrates pronounced negative reactions, but it is impossible to talk about his maladjustment and inability to join the team.

When observing a child, it can be noted that he:

  • has difficulty parting with his mother, cries a little after separation;
  • when distracted, forgets about parting and joins the game;
  • communicates with peers and an educator;
  • adheres to the announced rules and regulations;
  • responds adequately to comments;
  • rarely becomes the instigator of conflict situations.

Heavy adaptation

Kids with a severe type of adaptation process are quite rare, but they can easily be found in the children's team. Some of them show open aggression when visiting the kindergarten, while others withdraw into themselves, demonstrating complete detachment from what is happening. The duration of addiction can range from 2 months to several years. In especially difficult cases, they talk about complete maladjustment and the impossibility of attending a preschool.

The main features of a child with a severe degree of adaptation:

  • unwillingness to contact peers and adults;
  • tears, tantrums, stupor when parting with parents for a long time;
  • refusal to enter the playroom from the locker room;
  • unwillingness to play, eat, go to bed;
  • aggressiveness or isolation;
  • inadequate response to the teacher's appeal to him (tears or fright).

It should be understood that absolute inability to kindergarten is an extremely rare phenomenon, therefore it is necessary to consult a specialist (psychologist, neurologist, pediatrician) and work together to develop a plan of action. In some cases, doctors may advise to postpone the visit to the preschool educational institution.

What influences the adaptation of the child?

So, the period of adaptation of kids in kindergarten always proceeds in different ways. But what influences its success? Among the most important factors, experts consider age characteristics, children's health, the degree of socialization, the level of cognitive development, etc.

Often, parents, striving to go to the workplace early, send their baby to kindergarten at two years old, or even earlier. However, more often than not, such a step does not bring much benefit, since a young child is not yet able to interact with peers.

Of course, every child is a bright individual, however, according to many psychologists, it is possible to identify the optimal age interval, which is most suitable for getting used to kindergarten - and this is 3 years.

It's all about the so-called crisis period of three years. As soon as the baby passes this stage, his level of independence rises, his psychological dependence on his mother decreases, therefore, it is much easier for him to part with her for several hours.

Why shouldn't you rush to send your child to preschool? At the age of 1 - 3 years, parent-child relationships and attachment to the mother are formed. That is why prolonged separation from the latter causes a nervous breakdown in the baby and violates basic trust in the world.

In addition, one cannot fail to note the great independence of three-year-olds: they, as a rule, have potty etiquette, know how to drink from a cup, some children are already trying to dress on their own. Such skills make it much easier to get used to the garden.

Health status

Children with serious chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, etc.) quite often experience difficulties with addiction due to the characteristics of the body and an increased psychological connection with their parents.

The same applies to children who are often sick for a long time. Such babies require special conditions, reduced stress and supervision of medical personnel. That is why experts recommend giving them to kindergarten later, especially since, due to pain, the preschool education regime will be disrupted.

The main problems of adaptation of sick children in the nursery group:

  • an even greater decrease in immunity;
  • increased susceptibility to infections;
  • increased emotional lability (periods of tearfulness, exhaustion);
  • the emergence of unusual aggressiveness, increased activity, or, on the contrary, slowness.

Before entering a preschool institution, children are required to undergo a medical examination. There is no need to be afraid of this, on the contrary, parents will have the opportunity to once again consult with doctors about how to survive adaptation with minimal losses.

Degree of psychological development

Another point that can prevent successful addiction to preschool educational institutions is a deviation from the average indicators of cognitive development. Moreover, both delayed mental development and giftedness can lead to maladjustment.

In case of a delay in mental formation, special correction programs are used to help fill the gaps in knowledge and increase the cognitive activity of babies. Under favorable conditions, such children catch up with their peers by school age.

A gifted child, surprisingly, also falls into the risk group, since his cognitive abilities are higher than that of his peers, and he may also have difficulties with socialization and communication with classmates.

Socialization level

The adaptation of the child to kindergarten involves the growth of contacts with peers and with unfamiliar adults. At the same time, there is a certain pattern - those kids whose social circle was not limited to parents and grandmothers are more likely to get used to the new society.

The same children who rarely interacted with other children, on the contrary, find it difficult to adapt to changed conditions. Weak communication skills, inability to resolve conflict situations causes an increase in anxiety and leads to reluctance to attend kindergarten.

Of course, this factor largely depends on the teachers. If the teacher gets along well with the child, adaptation will noticeably accelerate. That is why, if there is such an opportunity, you should enroll in a group with the teacher, reviews of which are most often positive.

Stages of adaptation of a small child to kindergarten

The adaptation of children is a heterogeneous process, therefore experts distinguish several periods characterized by the severity of negative reactions. Of course, such a division is rather arbitrary, but it helps to understand how successful addiction will be.

The first stage is also acute.Its main feature is the maximum mobilization of the child's body. The child is constantly excited and tense, it is not surprising that parents and teachers note tearfulness, nervousness, moodiness and even hysteria.

In addition to psychological changes, physiological changes can also be detected. In some cases, there is an increase or decrease in heart rate, blood pressure indicators. The susceptibility to infections increases.

The second phase is called moderately acute, since the severity of negative reactions decreases, and the child adapts to the changed conditions. There is a decrease in the excitability and nervousness of the baby, an improvement in appetite, sleep, and the normalization of the psychoemotional sphere.

However, it is not yet necessary to speak of complete stabilization of the state. Throughout this period, the return of negative emotions is possible, the appearance of undesirable reactions in the form of hysterics, tearfulness or unwillingness to part with parents.

Third stage - compensated - stabilizes the child's condition. In the final adaptation period, there is a complete restoration of psychophysiological reactions, the child successfully joins the team. Moreover, he can acquire new skills - for example, using a potty or dressing on his own.

How to adapt a child to kindergarten? 6 useful skills for a kindergartner

To make the habituation process as successful, quick and painless as possible, experts advise to instill in the future preschool child the most important skills in advance. That is why parents should know what it is desirable to teach a child who goes to a preschool educational institution.

  1. Dress and undress yourself. Ideally, three-year-olds should already take off swimming trunks, socks, tights, put on a T-shirt and blouse, jacket. Difficulties can arise with fasteners, but you still need to accustom them to them. To do this, you can buy lacing toys. Also, hang pictures of the dressing sequence in the room (you can download them for free on the Internet).
  2. Use a spoon / fork. Ability to use cutlery contributes to the ease of addiction. To do this, you need to give up drinking bowls, bottles, non-spills, which do not contribute to early growing up.
  3. Ask and go to the potty. You should get rid of diapers already at the age of one and a half years, especially since the ability to ask for and walk into a night vase will greatly simplify adaptation, since the child will feel more confident among skillful peers.
  4. Perceive different foods. For many three-year-olds, food selectivity is characteristic. Ideally, parents should bring the home menu closer to the kindergarten one. Then breakfasts and lunches at the preschool educational institution will not resemble a war between children and educators.
  5. Communicate with adults. Quite often, you can hear a kind of child's speech, which is understandable only to a mother. Some kids generally communicate with gestures, rightly believing that their parents will understand everything. In front of the kindergarten, you should watch the decrease in babbling words and gestures.
  6. Play with children. To improve the child's communication skills, it is necessary to introduce him to the children's team more often. Psychologists advise regularly visiting families with small children, walking in playgrounds, playing in the sandbox.

In nurseries and kindergartens, there are special adaptation groups for future preschoolers. Be sure to find out if such a service is available in your preschool educational institution. Visiting such groups will allow you to acquaint your child with the caregivers, the building itself and the new rules of behavior.

Tips for parents to adapt their children often include advice to talk more with the child about the preschool. Only how to do it correctly and what should you talk about with your baby to facilitate future addiction?

  1. Explain in the simplest possible way what a kindergarten is, why children go there, why it is so important to attend it. The simplest example: "The kindergarten is a big house for kids who eat, play and walk together while their parents work."
  2. Tell your child that kindergarten is a kind of work for children. That is, mom works as a teacher, doctor, manager, dad - as a military man, programmer, etc., and the baby will "work" as a preschooler, because he has become quite an adult.
  3. Each time passing by the kindergarten, do not forget to remind that after a while the child will also be able to come here and play with other children. In his presence, you can also tell your interlocutors about how proud you are of your newly minted preschool child.
  4. Talk about the daytime kindergarten routine to relieve fears and insecurities. Let the child not remember everything due to age, but he will know that after breakfast there will be games, then walks and a short nap.
  5. Do not forget to talk about who the child can turn to if he suddenly wants water or the toilet. Also, subtly clarify that not all requests will be fulfilled instantly, as it is important for caregivers to keep track of all the children at once.
  6. Share your preschool history. Surely you have preserved photographs from matinees, where you recite poetry, play with dolls, go with your parents from the kindergarten, etc. The parental example allows the child to get used to the kindergarten sooner.

There is no need to over-praise the kindergarten, painting it completely in rainbow colors, otherwise the kid will be disappointed in the teacher and classmates. At the same time, one should not frighten him with a preschool institution and a teacher who "will show how to behave well!" Try to maintain the golden mean.

Classes with children to prepare for kindergarten

Role-playing and listening to fairy tales are the favorite pastimes of young children. Therefore, the advice of a psychologist often includes items such as classes and fairy tales for successful adaptation in kindergarten. The purpose of such games is to familiarize the kid with the regime and rules of the kindergarten in a relaxed manner.

Enlist the "support" of children's toys - dolls, teddy bears. Let your beloved plastic girlfriend become a teacher, and let the teddy bear and robot become kindergarteners who are just attending preschool.

Moreover, the classes should be repeated almost the entire day of the future preschooler. That is, the teddy bear came to the kindergarten, greeted his aunt-teacher, kissed mom goodbye and started playing with other kids. Then he had breakfast and began to study.

If the child has difficulty parting with his mother, special emphasis should be placed on this very moment. To do this, it is better to use special fairy tales for quick adaptation in kindergarten, in which, for example, the kitten stops crying after the mother leaves and starts playing merrily with other animals.

Another opportunity to facilitate adaptation to the kindergarten is the use of improvised means: a presentation, cartoons and a collection of poems about kindergarten. Such useful innovative materials adapt little ones as well, and sometimes even better than ordinary stories.

Usually, by the age of three, babies quite easily let go of their mothers and other significant adults, because, as we have already noted, at this stage there is a natural desire to be independent, independent of their parents.

And yet, there are situations when the baby and the mother turn into almost a single organism. Because of this, the adaptation of a child in kindergarten can be significantly complicated, and the likelihood of complete maladjustment also increases.

Ideally, it is necessary to accustom the baby to parental absence consistently and in advance. And yet it is possible in a short time to reduce the psycho-emotional dependence of children on their mother. Consider the basic tips for parents from experienced professionals.

Necessary actions

  1. Try to involve dad and other close relatives in the interaction with the child. The more the baby contacts other adults (and not just the mother), the easier it will be for him to get used to the caregiver.
  2. After that, introduce the child to your friends. At first, they play with the baby in the presence of their parents, so that he can feel calmly next to unfamiliar adults. With an adapted child, it will be easier to leave.
  3. The next stage is going outside. It is necessary to explain to the baby that the mother will go to the store while the grandmother or the familiar aunt tells an interesting story. In this case, you do not need to ask the child for time off, just let him know.
  4. Consistently teach your baby the idea that he needs to be alone in the room. You can cook dinner while your child is playing in the nursery. These rules can then be applied during a sandbox class or on a walk.
  5. Do not call your child shy, beech, roar, crybaby, ponytail and other unpleasant words. On the contrary, tell him and others as often as possible how communicative, sociable and funny you are.

Unnecessary actions

  1. You cannot run away from the child secretly, even if at this moment he is sitting with his grandmother. Having discovered the loss of his mother, firstly, he will be seriously scared, and secondly, he will start crying and screaming the next time his parents try to leave.
  2. It is not recommended to leave the child alone in the apartment, especially if he is characterized by increased anxiety and anxiety. In addition, small children are able to find "adventure" even in the safest house even in a few minutes.
  3. You should not reward your child with goodies and toys for allowing you to be absent. If this is practiced, then the baby in the kindergarten will demand material incentives literally every day.

You can think of some rituals to ease the breakup. Just do not turn them into a full-fledged rite, more reminiscent of a celebration or a holiday. This can be a simple kiss, a mutual smile, or a shaking of hands.

Attending a preschool institution is the most important condition for the full development of a child. How can this period be facilitated? You can listen to the opinion of well-known experts - teachers, psychologists and pediatricians. Komarovsky speaks a lot and often about the peculiarities of successful adaptation to kindergarten. We find out the main recommendations of the popular teledoctor:

  • start attending kindergarten at a time when the mother has not yet returned to work. If the child suddenly catches a cold, the parent will be able to pick him up from the preschool educational institution and stay at home with him for one or two weeks;
  • it is best to adapt children to kindergarten in certain seasons - summer and winter. But the off-season is not the best period to start visiting the kindergarten, since the likelihood of catching a cold increases;
  • there will be no superfluous information about how adaptation takes place in a particular kindergarten. Caregivers may be force-feeding or excessively wrapping babies for walks.

In order for accelerated adaptation to take place in kindergarten, Komarovsky advises to adhere to some important recommendations:

  • reduce the requirements for the child in the initial stages of getting used to the preschool institution. Even if he misbehaves, you need to be condescending;
  • be sure to prepare your child to expand social contacts through more frequent and longer walks, sandbox games.
  • be sure to improve immunity. If the body's defense system improves, the child will become less sick, therefore, the addiction will pass much faster.

The teledoctor does not exclude the occurrence of certain problems in the process of habituation, however, one should not give up the opportunity to accustom a child to kindergarten at 4 years old. It is best to take a responsible approach to the adaptation period and support the baby in every possible way.

So, the kid has already started going to preschool, but simply should not wait for the end of the addiction. The successful adaptation of a child in kindergarten, advice on which is given by psychologists and physicians, lies in the active position of the parents. How can you help your child?

  1. You should not immediately give the child for the whole day. It is best to carry out a gradual transition from the usual regime to changed conditions, that is, first giving the baby a couple of hours, and only then increasing the period of stay in the kindergarten.
  2. Be sure to show a sincere interest in what the child did in the preschool educational institution. If he blinded something, painted, pasted something, you should praise him and put the craft on the shelf.
  3. Study any information provided by your preschool teacher or psychologist. Typically, a folder is installed in the group "Adaptation of the child in kindergarten".
  4. You should also communicate more often with educators who regularly fill out an adaptation sheet, a special form for visiting a kindergarten, and a psychologist fills out a card for each child in a nursery group.
  5. Don't worry if your child seems tired or haggard after kindergarten. Of course, strangers, new acquaintances - this is a serious stress for the child's body. Let the baby rest and sleep.
  6. In order for the kids to adapt as soon as possible, it is necessary to limit the increased emotional stress. Psychologists advise to give up attending mass entertainment; cartoons and viewing various images, videos also need to be limited.
  7. If the baby has certain psycho-emotional or physiological characteristics (hyperactive behavior, health problems), it is necessary to inform the pedagogical and medical staff about this.
  8. Tears and tantrums are a "presentation" for mom. That is why experts advise dads to accompany their children to kindergarten, since the stronger sex usually reacts more severely to such manipulative behavior.

Provide your child with a calm family environment during the adaptation process. Express your location to the newly minted preschooler in every possible way: kiss, hug, etc.

Memo for parents: adaptation of the child in kindergarten and the main mistakes

So, the basic rules for improving the adaptation of kids to a preschool institution have been described. However, none of the parents is immune from erroneous actions. That is why it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the most common misconceptions:

  • comparison with other kids. We all adapt in different ways. That is why you should not compare the baby with his peers, who get used to the children's team and educator much faster;
  • deception. You do not need to promise your child that you will pick him up in an hour if you plan to return only in the evening. Parental promises like these will make the baby feel betrayed;
  • kindergarten punishment. You should not punish a child with a longer stay in a preschool if he is used to staying in a preschool for only a few hours. This will only lead to increased dislike for the kindergarten;
  • "Bribery" with sweets and toys. Some mums and dads bribe kids to be good at preschool. As a result, the child will continue to blackmail adults, demanding gifts from them every day;
  • sending a sick baby to the kindergarten. During the adaptation period, any cold can unsettle a child for a long time, therefore, if you feel unwell, you should not take the preschooler to the kindergarten, otherwise there is a risk of intensifying the symptoms of the disease.

Another common parental mistake is the disappearance of a mother who does not want to distract the child from toys or children. Such behavior, as we have already said, will only lead to the fact that the baby's anxiety will increase and numerous fears will arise. The increase in hysterics is not excluded.

As a conclusion

Kindergarten and adaptation are often inseparable concepts, so addiction to preschool educational institutions should not be perceived as some kind of absolute evil and negativity. On the contrary, such a process is quite useful for the child, since it prepares him for future changes in life - school, institute, family relations.

Usually the baby gets used to the kindergarten in a couple of months. But if the child's condition does not stabilize over time and new psychological problems arise (aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity), you should definitely talk to a psychologist about maladjustment.

If the problem continues, it may be worth considering attending kindergarten later. Can a grandmother sit with a baby for several months? This will probably be the best way out of this situation. Successful adaptation to the kindergarten!

Consultation for parents "Adaptation of the child to the conditions of the kindergarten"

Upon admission to a preschool educational institution, all children go through an adaptation period.

Adaptation - from the Latin "I adapt" - this is a complex process of adaptation of the organism, which occurs at different levels: physiological, social, psychological.

Adaptation of the body to new conditions of social existence, to a new regime is accompanied by changes in behavioral reactions, sleep disorders, appetite. The most complex restructuring of the body occurs in the initial period of adaptation, which can drag on and turn into maladjustment, which will lead to a violation of the child's health, behavior, and psyche.

The adaptive capabilities of a young child are limited, a sharp transition to a new social situation and a long stay in a stressful state can lead to emotional disturbances or a slowdown in the rate of psychophysical development. The process of a child's getting used to kindergarten is quite long and is associated with significant stress in all physiological systems of the child's body.

To avoid complications and ensure the optimal course of adaptation, a gradual transition of the child from the family to a preschool institution is necessary.

Factors on which the course of the adaptation period depends

1. Age.

2. Health status

3. The level of development.

4. Ability to communicate with adults and peers.

5. Formation of objective and game activity.

6. The proximity of the home regime to the kindergarten regime.

How parents can help their child during the period of adaptation to a preschool educational institution

1. If possible, expand the child's social circle, help him overcome the fear of strangers, draw the child's attention to the actions and behavior of outsiders, express a positive attitude towards them.

2. Help the child understand toys: use storytelling, joint actions, involve the child in the game.

3. To develop imitativeness in actions: "we fly like sparrows, we jump like bunnies."

4. Teach to address another person, share a toy, feel sorry for the crying.

5. Do not express regret that you have to send your child to preschool. Some parents see that the child is not independent enough in the group, for example, not potty trained. They get scared and stop taking them to kindergarten. This is due to the fact that adults are not ready to tear the child away from themselves.

6. To teach to self-service, to encourage attempts of independent actions.

By the time of admission to kindergarten, the child should be able to;

Sit on a chair on your own;

Drink from a cup by yourself;

Use a spoon;

Actively participate in dressing, washing.

The parents themselves are a good example.

Requirements for the child must be consistent and accessible.

Choose a friendly-explanatory tone rather than an imperative tone for communicating the demand.

If the child does not want to fulfill the requests, has caused you negative experiences, tell him about your feelings: I do not like when children whine; I'm disappointed; it's hard for me.

You need to balance your own expectations with the individual capabilities of the child.

It is also important to constantly encourage the child, to give a positive assessment at least for an attempt to fulfill the request.

Plan your time so that in the first 2-4 weeks of your child's visit to kindergarten, you can not leave him for the whole day. And in the early days, you need to be near the phone and not far from the kindergarten grounds.

During the adaptation period, it is important to prevent the possibility of fatigue or overexcitation, it is necessary to maintain a balanced behavior of children.

To do this, do not visit crowded places, do not host noisy companies at home, do not overload the child with new information, maintain a calm atmosphere at home.

Since in the transition to a new way of life, everything changes for a child: the regime, surrounding adults, children, environment, food - I would very much like the educators by the time a new child arrives in the group to know as much as possible about his habits and try, if possible, to create at least some conditions similar to those at home (for example, sitting on the bed with the child before going to bed, asking them to put away toys, suggesting to play bingo.)

Chances are, your child will do a great job with life changes. The task of parents is to be calm, patient, attentive and caring. Rejoice when meeting a child, say friendly phrases: I miss you; I feel good with you. Hug your child as often as possible.

The conditions for the confidence and calmness of the child are the systematic, rhythmic and repetitive nature of his life, that is, strict adherence to the regime.

The reasons for the difficult adaptation to the conditions of the preschool educational institution

1. Absence in the family of a regime that coincides with the regime of a kindergarten.

2. The presence of the child's peculiar habits.

3. Inability to occupy oneself with a toy.

4. Lack of formation of elementary cultural and hygienic skills.

5. Lack of experience with strangers. Adults need to help children overcome the stress of admission and successfully adapt to preschool. They tend to quickly become infected with strong, both positive and negative emotions of adults and peers, and imitate their actions. These features should be used by you when preparing your child for kindergarten.

It is very important that the child gains the first experience of his stay in kindergarten with the support of a loved one.

What to do if a child cries when parting with parents

1. Tell your child what awaits him in kindergarten.

2. Be calm, do not show your concern in front of the child.

3. Give your child a favorite toy or household item with you.

4. Bring your photo to the group.

5. Come up with and practice several different ways to say goodbye (for example, blowing a kiss, stroking the back.)

6. Be attentive to your child when you pick him up from kindergarten.

7. After kindergarten, take your child for a walk in the park, on the playground. Give your child the opportunity to play outdoor games.

8. Have a family party in the evening.

9. Show your child that you love and care.

10. Be patient

What to do if a child starts going to kindergarten

1. Establish close contact with the kindergarten staff

2. Teach your child to kindergarten gradually.

3. Do not leave your child in the garden for more than 8 hours.

4. Inform the caregivers about the child's habits and tendencies.

5. From the 4th to the 10th day it is better to take a break from attending kindergarten.

6. Maintain a calm environment at home.

7. Don't overload your child with new information.

8. Be attentive to the child, caring and patient.

What to do if the child does not want to go to bed

1. Notice the first signs of overwork (naughty, rubs eyes, yawns.)

2. Switch the child to quiet activities (for example, drawing together, writing stories), ask the child to speak in a whisper so as not to wake the toys.

3. Give your child the opportunity to play with water during evening wear.

4. Remain calm, do not get angry at the child's disobedience.

5. Pat your child before going to bed, give him a massage.

6. Sing a song to your child.

7. Chat with your child, talk to him, read a book.

What to do if a child does not want to clean up after themselves toys

1. Firmly decide for yourself whether it is necessary.

2. Be an example for the child, clean up after yourself.

3. Put toys away together.

4. When putting away toys, talk to your child, explaining to him the meaning of what is happening.

5. Formulate the request to remove the toys kindly. Don't order.

6. Make a toy cleaning ritual before putting your baby to bed.

7. Consider the age and capabilities of the child.


The preschool institution is the first to open the world of social and public life to the child. The kindergarten (in parallel with the family) takes on one of the main roles in the upbringing of a preschooler and plays it, from the first acquaintance to his release into the school world of knowledge. Thus, the children's world becomes one of the determining factors in the formation of the child's personality. Many of its main properties and personal qualities are formed during this period of life. All its subsequent development largely depends on how they are laid down.

It is known that a change in social relations presents significant difficulties for a child. Many children become restless, whiny, withdrawn. Anxiety, emotional tension are associated with the absence of people close to the child, with a change in the environment, familiar conditions.

The life experience comprehended by the child can help him get involved in new social relations, joint activities, adapt to changed conditions, but it can lead to negative consequences, which is very important for the emotional and personal experience of the child. Negative emotional experiences can lead to high anxiety in children. Since the conditions of the kindergarten are the same for everyone, the problem arises of adapting each individual child with his pronounced individuality to these general conditions.

First of all, you need to prepare your child for kindergarten. You need to tell him what a kindergarten is, why children go there, why it is necessary for the kid to go to kindergarten. Tell the child in detail about the kindergarten regime: what, how and in what sequence he will do it. The more detailed the story is and the more often it is repeated, the calmer and more confident the child will feel when he goes to kindergarten. It is necessary to ask the kid if he remembered what he will do in kindergarten after a walk, where to put his things, who will help him to undress, what he will do after lunch. With these kinds of questions, parents can check whether the child remembers well the sequence of events. The little ones are frightened by the unknown. When the child sees that the expected event happens as promised, he feels more confident.

It is necessary to prepare the child for communication with other children and adults, visit children's parks and playgrounds with him, teach him to play in sandboxes, on a swing, observe how he behaves: he is shy, retires, conflicts or easily finds a common language, contacts with peers, reaches out for communication, is uninhibited.

Children who are accustomed to communicating only with their parents experience certain difficulties during the adaptation period. The closed lifestyle of the family, the unfriendly attitude of the parents towards the people around them are the reasons that inhibit the education of the child's ability to contact unfamiliar adults. And this means that in the first days of his stay in kindergarten, he will have a negative attitude towards the teachers, the nanny, which will complicate the care of him. Children of welcoming, hospitable, friendly parents, children from families consisting of numerous relatives, easily come into contact with a teacher, a nanny. In such children, as a rule, the adaptation period lasts several days. Kids from such families are active, cheerful, play a lot, communicate with the group's staff. Children who were overprotected in the family, who do not know the parental "no", do not adapt well to the collective life. A child whose ability to inhibit his desires is not trained at home has difficulty in learning and following the rules of behavior and relationships, the accustoming to which begins from the first day of being in kindergarten.

Affects the adaptation of the type of temperament of the child. It has been noticed that sanguine and choleric people quickly and easily get used to the new conditions. But phlegmatic and melancholic people have a hard time. They are slow and therefore do not keep pace with the pace of kindergarten life: they cannot quickly get dressed, get ready for a walk, eat, complete a task. They are often rushed (and not only in the garden, but at home too), not giving them the opportunity to be themselves.

In order to help the child as painlessly as possible enter the life of the kindergarten, it is necessary to bring the daily routine at home as close as possible to the regime in the kindergarten. At the same time, it is important to streamline the hours of sleep, nutrition, wakefulness, when carrying out regime procedures, in every possible way to encourage and develop children's independence. It is advisable to get acquainted with the kindergarten menu and accustom the child to the dishes included in it. So that the child does not feel discomfort, you need to teach him to potty in advance, wean him off the nipple.

To prevent diseases that often accompany the entry into a new life of a baby, it is necessary to temper him. Walking barefoot indoors and on the ground in summer in any weather is the easiest and most effective way. It strengthens not only the immune, but also nervous system... Any water procedures are very useful. Gradually accustom the child to cold drinks (kefir, milk, juice from the refrigerator). We must not forget about vitamin complexes for children and long-term homeopathic preparations for the prevention of ODS and influenza. When a child comes to kindergarten, he will have to get acquainted not only with children and adults, but also with a mass of a wide variety of pathogens. No matter how strong the child's immune system is, this is a very big load. Therefore, it is recommended to follow the “home-garden” route during the first month of visiting kindergarten. No need to visit, attend mass events. Such a strict procedure will help the child's immune system to get acquainted with all disease-causing creatures and at the same time not get sick. Violation of this rule can lead to severe immune failures, up to pneumonia in the first week of the visit (regardless of the weather).

The child's entry into kindergarten should be gradual: first, you need to bring him to the group, introduce him to the teacher, with peers, see toys with him, arouse interest in the new environment and return home. Then a few days in kindergarten should be limited to naps. In the future, depending on the condition of the child, this time gradually increases. During the period of getting used to kindergarten, it is important to take into account that, being in a group, the child feels constrained and is forced to restrain his emotions, which leads to internal tension, which, if not defused, can cause neurosis. Therefore, at home, in a familiar environment, you should play funny outdoor games with him and fully express emotions for both children and adults.

In getting used to new conditions, an important role is played by the ability to bring with you your toys or any object that reminds the child of his home, this creates a background of confidence for the child, provides psychological comfort.

For the successful adaptation of a child to the conditions of a preschool institution, it is necessary to form in him a positive attitude towards kindergarten, a positive attitude towards him. It depends, first of all, on the educators, their ability and desire to create an atmosphere of warmth, kindness, attention in the group. Therefore, the organization of the adaptation period begins long before September 1, raising the professional level of educators, their psychological education using traditional and new teaching methods (teachers' councils, seminars, consultations), the development of such qualities as the ability to empathize, communication skills, friendliness, organizational and artistic ability, emotional stability, and so on. All work should be structured so that the child feels loved and accepted for who he is.

Games and exercises aimed at preventing deaptation:

1. When meeting a child, you can use the game "I will circle your hand with a pencil and give it to you" - in order to establish contact. An adult asks the child to be allowed to circle his hand, paints it and gives it to the child. You can decorate the "hand" with a bracelet, watches, rings.

2. If the child is very sad, then you can play "Telephone" - call mom, but you should not allow deception, the child must know that this is a game.

3. You can play with the constructor: build a house, a car, a kindergarten. To beat the situation when in the morning everyone is going about their business: to work, to school, to kindergarten - everyone is busy with their own business, everyone is interconnected with life, care, love.

4. To relieve psycho-emotional and psycho-muscular tension, it is good to use games with sand and water.

Your baby has grown up. He recognizes his parents, smiles, sits, takes toys, babbles, begins to speak, reason, communicate. What happiness! He himself begins to eat, smile, learned to use a spoon! It's time to go to kindergarten. The child should know that there are other children in the world.

Many of you are worried, worried about whether the child will be good in kindergarten, whether he will start to get sick, be capricious, and upset when parting with his parents. In other words, how successfully the child will be able to adapt, that is, adapt to the environment of the kindergarten, to its conditions. These fears are not accidental. The adaptation process can lead to positive and negative results. Two main criteria for successful adaptation:

Internal comfort;

Adequacy of behavior.

Separation of a child from home, relatives, meeting new adults can become a psychogenic factor for a child, stress. The kid perceives this situation as alienation, deprivation of parental love, attention and protection. In terms of the strength of the experienced sensations, emotions, this state can be compared with the rupture of the baby's umbilical cord at birth. This is explained by the fact that the child's life experience, adaptation to new conditions (and any adaptation requires the destruction of some existing connections and the rapid formation of new ones) is fraught with difficulties, especially in early childhood. Therefore, it is very important to make a smooth transition from family to kindergarten.

All of the above is of particular importance for the psychological and physical health of the child, his development and the successful comfort of being in a child care institution. Unfortunately, this process is often difficult and painful. Going to kindergarten becomes stressful. The child experiences internal discomfort, which leads to moods, tantrums, refusal to eat, sleep, communicate with peers, and illness. Habits undesirable for his age appear (he starts sucking his finger again, biting his nails). This indicates the difficulties of the adaptation process. Difficulties in adaptation are experienced by children who are overprotected in the family, children who have not been taught basic skills of self-service and independence. Parents, despite the child's desire to do something on their own, try to help him - this way faster, less hassle.

The child feels helpless and not adapted to new conditions in kindergarten. Children who are accustomed to communicating only with their parents, deprived of the opportunity to communicate with their peers, also experience difficulties, because the communication skill has already been formed (the child must see that there are children like him, with their own needs and desires). The presence of stereotypes in the child, which are formed in the family, and leave an imprint on his behavior, and complicate the adaptation process.

For example, a child is accustomed to falling asleep only if his mother lies down next to him.

So, in order to help the child as painlessly as possible enter the life of the kindergarten, preparatory work with him is necessary.

The following tips will help with this:

1. Prepare your child to interact with other children and adults. Visit parks, playgrounds, teach to play in sandboxes, go to friends' birthdays, New Years ...

2. Make the home routine as close as possible to the daily routine of the child's institution (to streamline the hours of sleep, wakefulness, nutrition, etc.), while performing the regime moments, encourage and develop children's independence.

3. Talk about your upcoming kindergarten admission as if it were a joyous event. Refrain from talking about your own concerns in front of your child.

4. Come to kindergarten in advance and get to know the environment, with the children, with the educators ... It is better to do this when the children are walking on the street or playing in a group room.

5. Get to know the educators of the group in advance, tell about the individual characteristics of your child, what he likes and dislikes, what his skills and abilities are, what kind of help he needs. Determine what methods of reward and punishment are acceptable to your child.

6. In the first days of visiting the kindergarten, do not leave your child alone, stay with him for a while. Don't leave your baby all day. Do not be late, at least in the first days, pick up your child on time.

7. Give your child a favorite toy in kindergarten, persuade him to leave her to spend the night in the kindergarten, and in the morning to meet her again. If the child does not agree, the toy walks with him every day and gets to know other children there. Ask what happened to the toy in kindergarten, who was friends with her, if she was sad. This way you will learn how your child gets used to kindergarten.

8. Play with your child with home toys in kindergarten, distribute the roles of children, educators. Help the toy find friends for it and solve your child's problems through it, focusing on the game for positive results.

These tips will help caring parents to competently and painlessly help their child through the process of moving from home to kindergarten.

Consultation for parents on the topic “Adaptation of a child to a preschool educational institution.

It seems that yesterday your baby was taking his first steps ... Time flies by, and now it's time for mom to go to work - which means it's time to send him to kindergarten. What awaits your baby outside the walls of the kindergarten, will he quickly get used to it, will he often get sick ... Questions, doubts, experiences are natural for parents, because at 4-5 years, the kindergarten will become a part of your life, the development, health, and mental well-being of the child will largely depend on it. Therefore, it is very important whether your baby can successfully adapt to kindergarten, and helping him with this is not only the task of educators. First of all, this is the concern of mom and dad.

What is adaptation? Adaptation is the adaptation or habituation of the body to a new environment. For a child, kindergarten is undoubtedly a new, as yet unknown space, with a new environment and new relationships.

Adaptation is usually difficult with a lot of negative changes in the child's body. These shifts occur at all levels, in all systems. Only you usually only see the tip of the iceberg - the behavior. And if you knew what is going on in the body and soul of a child when he first goes to kindergarten, you would hardly ever send him to this new children's team. In it, the baby is constantly in strong neuropsychic stress, which does not stop for a minute. He is on the verge of stress or is fully stressed.

Let's still clarify what triggers stress in a child in such a situation.

To a great extent - the separation from the mother. Of course, the baby is inextricably linked with his mother - this is the main thing that he had, or rather, is and will be. And suddenly his beloved and most beautiful mother in the world left him to fend for himself in the midst of a terrible new environment and previously unfamiliar children who did not care about him. And in order to hold out in this new environment, he needs to behave here differently from at home. But he does not know this new form of behavior and suffers from it, fearing to do something wrong. And fear sustains stress, and a vicious circle is formed, which nevertheless, unlike all other circles, has an exact beginning - separation from the mother, separation from the mother, doubts about her altruistic love.

In addition, remember about the three-year crisis, which can overlap with the period of adaptation of the child. At this time, the baby first felt himself as a person and wants others to see it. And we, others, do not always see it or do not want to see it, it is easier for us to have everything as before. Therefore, the baby is all at the limit, defending his personality in front of us, and his psyche becomes vulnerable to the effects of various environmental circumstances.

The degree of adaptation of the child to the conditions of the kindergarten:

According to the way children adapt to the kindergarten, they can be divided into three main groups.

A severe degree of adaptation - children who react to a change in the situation with a nervous breakdown, and colds are also added to this. This is the worst case scenario.

Child behavior:

Contact with the child can only be established through the parents (in the worst case, it is not possible to establish contact with the child at all). The kid passes from one toy to another, on anything, without stopping, he cannot develop the game actions, he looks alarmed, withdrawn. The teacher's remark or praise leaves the child either indifferent, or he is frightened and seeks support from the parents. Very often, parents are in fusion with the child, they doubt that he will be able to settle in kindergarten.

Remember that a child with a difficult adaptation, in addition to parents and educators, also needs a pediatrician or a narrow specialist!

The average degree of adaptation - children without nervous disorders fall into this group - in kindergarten they "only" begin to get sick often. Still, there is an "exchange" of all kinds of infections. Not all children can withstand such a "vaccination" - many develop acute respiratory infections and other troubles. With this type of adaptation, the child's morbidity can be reduced by the doctor. The sooner he prescribes corrective measures for the child, the less likely the baby will get sick, which means that his adaptation will come closer to favorable. And this, in turn, will help the child to adapt in the future, when he crosses the threshold of school.

Child behavior:

The child comes into contact by observing the attractive actions of the caregiver, or through the inclusion of bodily sensations. The tension of the first minutes gradually subsides, the child can come into contact on his own initiative, he can develop game actions. Reacts to comments and rewards adequately, can violate the established rules and norms of behavior (social experimentation).

With this type of adaptation, the child, on average, adapts to a new organized group for more than a month and sometimes falls ill during adaptation. Moreover, as a rule, the disease proceeds without any complications, which may serve as the main sign of the difference between this type of adaptation and an unfavorable variant.

Easy adaptation - finally, almost half of the children make up the most prosperous group - they attend kindergarten without much loss, more or less with desire. Usually the adaptation period is 3-4 weeks. With such a child there is almost no hassle, and the changes that are visible in his behavior are usually short-lived and insignificant, so the child does not get sick.

Child behavior:

The child calmly enters the group, looks around carefully before stopping his attention on anything. He looks into the eyes of an unfamiliar adult when he addresses him. The child comes into contact on his own initiative, can ask for help. He knows how to occupy himself, uses substitute objects in the game, for example, pretending to feed the doll, the mood is cheerful or calm, the pantomime is expressive, emotions are easily recognized. The child adheres to the established rules of behavior, responds adequately to remarks and approval, correcting his behavior after them. He knows how to play next to other children, is friendly to them. The polar type for heavy adaptation is the type of easy adaptation of a child, when your baby adapts to a new environment, usually for several weeks, most often for half a month.

How should parents behave with their child when he first started attending kindergarten?

Full adaptation of the child to kindergarten is possible not earlier than in 2-3 months. And during this entire period, care must be taken that the child does not feel too keenly the gap between his past and present life. For example, try to take him to or from kindergarten as often as possible. If he dines in the garden, you should be more careful about dinner, and on the day off, you can make a menu at the request of the child. Show as much interest as possible in his activities in kindergarten, listen carefully to his stories, save the drawings and applications that he brings; curiosity and a desire for action arise and develop (like the ability to speak or walk) with the benevolent and patient participation of adults, thanks to their constant encouragement.

If you want to know more about how your little one is doing in kindergarten, play with home toys in kindergarten. Let one of these toys be the child himself. Observe what this toy does, what it says, help with the child to find her friends and offer a solution to his problem through it, orienting the game to a positive result.

Do not overestimate the child's negative experiences. It has been noticed that even those children who, with sobs, beg their mother not to leave them in the garden, in a few minutes after she leaves, calm down and start playing with their comrades. If the child feels that with his protests he managed to sow doubts or even a feeling of guilt in the mother's heart, then with redoubled persistence he will begin to influence her by all available means. Parents can be divided in such a way that at first the father takes the child to the kindergarten: fathers are generally more sober in their children's emotional reactions.

At first, a child can get very tired in kindergarten: new impressions, new friends, new activities, a large number of people. If a child comes home exhausted and nervous, this does not mean that his adaptation is difficult. It just takes time for the baby to get used to the new regime.

Tune the child in a major way. To instill in him that it is very great that he has grown to the garden and become so big.

When you leave, part with your baby quickly and easily. Of course, you are worried about how he will be in kindergarten, but long goodbyes with a worried expression on his face will cause the baby to worry that something may happen to him here, and he will not let you go for a long time.

If the child is very difficult to experience separation from his mother, then it is advisable that the father, grandmother or grandfather take the child away for the first few weeks. Do not leave him in the preschool team for the whole day, take him home as early as possible.

Create a calm, conflict-free climate for him in the family.

Spare his weakened nervous system.

Do not increase, but decrease the load on the nervous system. For a while, stop going to the circus, to the theater, to visit. Reduce TV viewing significantly.

As soon as possible, inform the doctor and caregivers about the personal characteristics of the baby.

Do not wrap your child up, but dress him as necessary in accordance with the temperature in the group.

To create on Sundays at home for him the regime is the same as in a children's institution.

Do not react to the antics of the child and punish him for children's whims.

If a change in the child's usual behavior is identified, consult a pediatrician or psychologist as early as possible.

In case of severe neurotic reactions, leave the baby at home for several days and follow all the instructions of a specialist.

No matter how wonderful the kindergarten is, no matter what professionals work in it, no one will help your child better than you. If the kid knows for sure that at the end of a noisy day he will have a "quiet pier", eight hours in the kindergarten will not seem to him such a deafening eternity, and the stress will recede!

Consultation form for parents: information and analytical

Preliminary preparation for the consultation "Adaptation of children 2-3 years old in kindergarten

  • a psychologist conducts a test "My child's readiness for kindergarten" with the parents of the group;
  • the educator selects the necessary information material on the topic of the consultation;
  • the educator together with the psychologist draw up social passports of families and analyze them;
  • two weeks before the consultation, a “box of trust” is set up in the dressing room of the group, in which parents are invited to place all of their interests and questions about the adaptation of their children. Before the consultation, all questions are analyzed and comprehensive answers are given during the consultation.

Children get used to kindergarten in different ways: someone from the first days goes to kindergarten with joy, but this is rather an exception to the rule, and someone cannot calm down all day and meet their parents in the evening with roars. Most often, in 2-3-year-old kids, parting with their mother is accompanied by tears, and then they are distracted by toys and calm down. And that's okay.

Question: "When the child gets used to kindergarten and stops crying." Time will pass and the adaptation period will end. Here are just the duration of this period, everyone will have their own. It all depends on the degree of adaptation of the children.

There are 3 phases of the adaptation period:

  • Lightweight. Lasts from 1 to 16 days.
  • Average. Lasts 16 to 32 days.
  • Heavy. Can last up to 64 days.

see also:

Reasons why a child cannot get used to kindergarten

To make it easier for mothers to part with their daughters and little sons in the morning, consider the reasons why children cry. Eliminate them - the tears will disappear.

  • The child is not prepared for kindergarten:
    • cultural and hygienic skills are not formed;
    • he does not know how to play with toys on his own;
    • the regime in the family does not coincide with the regime of the preschool educational institution.
  • Health status... It is more difficult for a sick child to adapt to new conditions than a healthy one.
  • Biological causes:
    • severe toxicosis in mom during pregnancy;
    • complications during childbirth;
    • illness in the first three months of life.
  • Individual reasons... Some kids on the first day of attending a preschool behave quietly and calmly, and on 2-3 days they start crying, others, on the contrary, in the first days they have tantrums, and then their behavior is normalized.
  • Family living conditions... If the child was taken to relatives, visited friends with him, took with him on trips, then he will get used to the new environment of the kindergarten much faster.
  • Limited communication with peers... The most difficult adaptations are for children, whose social circle was minimized “mom-grandmother-dad”. In such babies, a large number of children cause fear, a desire to hide somewhere in order to be alone.

How to ease the period of getting used to kindergarten

  • Observe the most important rule: a calm mother is a calm child. When giving your son or daughter to the caregiver, try to remain calm, because children feel very well emotional. If the mother brought the child, undressed and all the time delays the moment of parting, she gives the baby a reason for fear and excitement. Tip: set yourself up for parting in advance, remember that this is inevitable. We changed the child's clothes, kissed him, promised that you would definitely pick him up from kindergarten and quickly leave - this is the correct algorithm of actions in the first days.
  • Increase the time spent in kindergarten gradually. During the adaptation period, it is not recommended to leave a child 2-3 years old in kindergarten for the whole day. You need to start with just a couple of hours a day, with a gradual increase in residence time. One to two weeks, the baby should be taken away after lunch, then after a nap and after a few more days try to leave it for the whole day.
  • Go to kindergarten regularly. For the child to adapt faster, you need to take him to kindergarten every day. Only illness can become a good reason for not visiting a preschool educational institution.
  • Create a “farewell ritual” for your child. Do not make long goodbyes, speak confidently when you take your child home (after lunch, sleep, in the evening), kiss on the cheek, hug, wave your hand and leave.
  • Give your child a "charm" - a thing that will remind him of home, for example, a photograph, mom's scarf, a soft toy. You can give a "key to the house", without which, until you take the baby out of the kindergarten, you will not get home.
  • Create motivation for attending kindergarten: you need to watch how the fish are fed or your favorite toy, etc.
  • Never discuss what does not suit you in kindergarten with a child.
  • If parting with mom is difficult, then it is recommended to involve dad, grandmother or one of the relatives so that they take the baby to kindergarten.

Parental mistakes that make it difficult for the child to adapt

What mom and dad should not do during the period of adaptation of a child 2-3 years old to kindergarten:

  • You can't scare a child... Parents often frighten their children with kindergarten: "If you don't obey me, you will go to kindergarten tomorrow." Think about it, is a place that is used to scare, can evoke positive emotions?
  • You cannot be punished for tears when parting. Never get angry with a child for not wanting to go to kindergarten and crying. This is a completely normal reaction for children 2-3 years old. Better kiss, hug him and once again assure him that you love him very much and will definitely take him out of the kindergarten.
  • You can't promise a child something that you can't fulfill later.... For example, if mom said she would pick it up right after lunch, then she should do so. Because of a promise not fulfilled, children often have tantrums. How can we not cry if my mother promised and did not come, maybe she is going to leave in the kindergarten for the night. In this way, the child's trust can be lost forever. Better to say specifically that you can pick up only in the evening and not give "empty" promises.

During the preparation of the consultation for parents, you had the opportunity to ask anonymously a question of interest by dropping it into the “Trust Box”. Now is the time to answer these questions. (The teacher reads the question and gives an answer).

Games to help you quickly adapt to kindergarten

Play is an important activity for a child. Psychologists say that with the help of simple games, the period of adaptation to kindergarten can be greatly facilitated. Play these games with your kids:

"Kindergarten"

There can be many storylines while playing kindergarten:

  • "Children are going for a walk."
  • "Children are having lunch."
  • “Children come to kindergarten”.
  • "Children are getting ready for naps."
  • "Children for a Walk."

The role of the educator can be taken by a mother or a child, and let the children be toys. With the help of the game, the kid will be able to comprehend the rules of behavior in kindergarten, get used to the thought that it is good there.

"We compose a fairy tale"

Invite your child to come up with a story about how his favorite toy ended up in kindergarten and then play with it. An example of a fairy tale: “There was a little Bunny in the world. And now it's time to go to kindergarten. Mom Zaychikha took Bunny to kindergarten, and she herself went to get carrots. Bunny was scared at first, wanted to cry, but he held back his tears, because he did not want to upset his mother. Then he made friends with the teacher and the children. It turned out that the kindergarten is very interesting: here they teach to draw, sculpt figures from plasticine, there are even music lessons in which children dance and sing songs. The day in kindergarten passed quickly, and in the evening my mother came for the Bunny, saw that he was not crying, she was very happy. Together they went home joyful. "

"Good bad"

The parent names certain actions, and the child must determine whether it is good to do so or not. With a positive answer, he claps his hands, with a negative answer, he shakes his finger and says: "Ayayayay".