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There are very simple experiences that children remember for a lifetime. The guys may not fully understand why this is all happening, but when time passes and they find themselves in a lesson in physics or chemistry, a very clear example will surely pop up in their memory.

website collected 7 interesting experiments that children will remember. Everything you need for these experiments is at your fingertips.

refractory ball

It will take: 2 balls, candle, matches, water.

An experience: Inflate a balloon and hold it over a lighted candle to show the children that the balloon will burst from fire. Then pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it up and bring it to the candle again. It turns out that with water the ball can easily withstand the flame of a candle.

Explanation: The water in the balloon absorbs the heat generated by the candle. Therefore, the ball itself will not burn and, therefore, will not burst.

Pencils

You will need: plastic bag, pencils, water.

An experience: Pour water halfway into a plastic bag. We pierce the bag through with a pencil in the place where it is filled with water.

Explanation: If you pierce a plastic bag and then pour water into it, it will pour out through the holes. But if you first fill the bag halfway with water and then pierce it with a sharp object so that the object remains stuck in the bag, then almost no water will flow out through these holes. This is due to the fact that when polyethylene breaks, its molecules are attracted closer to each other. In our case, the polyethylene is pulled around the pencils.

Non-popping ball

You will need: balloon, wooden skewer and some dishwashing liquid.

An experience: Lubricate the top and bottom with the product and pierce the ball, starting from the bottom.

Explanation: The secret of this trick is simple. In order to save the ball, you need to pierce it at the points of least tension, and they are located at the bottom and at the top of the ball.

Cauliflower

It will take: 4 cups of water, food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.

An experience: Add food coloring of any color to each glass and put one leaf or flower into the water. Leave them overnight. In the morning you will see that they have turned into different colors.

Explanation: Plants absorb water and thus nourish their flowers and leaves. This is due to the capillary effect, in which the water itself tends to fill the thin tubes inside the plants. This is how flowers, grass, and large trees feed. By sucking in tinted water, they change their color.

floating egg

It will take: 2 eggs, 2 glasses of water, salt.

An experience: Gently place the egg in a glass of plain clean water. As expected, it will sink to the bottom (if not, the egg may be rotten and should not be returned to the refrigerator). Pour warm water into the second glass and stir 4-5 tablespoons of salt in it. For the purity of the experiment, you can wait until the water cools down. Then dip the second egg into the water. It will float near the surface.

Explanation: It's all about density. The average density of an egg is much greater than that of plain water, so the egg sinks down. And the density of the saline solution is higher, and therefore the egg rises.

crystal lollipops

It will take: 2 cups water, 5 cups sugar, wooden sticks for mini skewers, thick paper, transparent glasses, saucepan, food coloring.

An experience: In a quarter cup of water, boil sugar syrup with a couple of tablespoons of sugar. Sprinkle some sugar on paper. Then you need to dip the stick in syrup and collect the sugar with it. Next, distribute them evenly on a stick.

Leave the sticks to dry overnight. In the morning, dissolve 5 cups of sugar in 2 cups of water on fire. You can leave the syrup to cool for 15 minutes, but it should not cool down much, otherwise the crystals will not grow. Then pour it into jars and add different food colors. Lower the prepared sticks into a jar of syrup so that they do not touch the walls and bottom of the jar, a clothespin will help with this.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of sugar decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your stick with a seed of sugar grains.

lit match

Need: Matches, flashlight.

An experience: Light a match and hold it at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from the wall. Shine a flashlight on the match and you will see that only your hand and the match itself are reflected on the wall. It would seem obvious, but I never thought about it.

Explanation: Fire does not cast shadows, as it does not prevent light from passing through it.

This book is the result of work on a series of television programs "Physics for Kids", created on Novosibirsk television. The programs aroused great interest among children and parents. I received a lot of letters from them with answers to assignments, with stories about the experiments and observations that the children carried out on their own initiative, with questions that needed to be answered in the next program.

By profession, I am not a physicist, but a cameraman, but my interest in physics and my passion for it appeared in my childhood. I owe this to my father, who taught me everything that is told in this book. The book is not a textbook. This is a popular presentation of some of the questions studied by the science of physics. "Physics for Toddlers" can be read in a family with older preschoolers and younger students, as well as used for classes in kindergarten and for extracurricular activities at school.

The main goal of the book is to show children that the world around them is cognizable, that all natural phenomena can be scientifically explained. Reading a book should encourage the child to independent observations and experiments, to games similar to those that the characters in the book are busy with.

You should not read the book "drunkenly", there will be little benefit from such reading. It is best to read one story at a time, as each story introduces complex physical phenomena that are not always easy for kids to understand. After reading, be sure to help the child conduct the experiments and observations described in the story, ask questions and discuss the answers to them with the baby. This will help the child to assimilate the knowledge gained and will contribute to the development of his logical thinking, curiosity and ingenuity.

All experiments should be carried out under adult supervision. This is necessary, firstly, for the successful and correct conduct of experiments, and secondly, to comply with the rules of "safety precautions". Adults should be especially attentive to the experiments described in the sections: “Light phenomena”, “Inertia and jet propulsion”, “Electricity and magnetism”. Acquaintance with physics should be a pleasant and joyful affair. Therefore, it is not necessary to force the child to study in those cases when he is not disposed to engage in physics specifically.

Studying with a book should not be likened to a school lesson. The more relaxed the game of "experiments" is, the better for the cause. In the stories for reading, a lot of secondary information is deliberately omitted in order not to clutter up the main idea of ​​the story with an abundance of facts and help the child understand the very essence of the phenomena. Therefore, detailed comments are printed after each story. Here adults can find some tips on the technique of the experiment and refresh their knowledge of physics. For those who have studied physics for a long time and have little knowledge of it, this material may not be enough. In this case, we advise you to turn to school textbooks in physics. In working with the book, proceed from your experience and the relationships that have developed with children. You know your kids best. They are accustomed to you and your form of communication with them.

THE MAIN THING IS A CREATIVE APPROACH AND RESPECT TO THE INTERNAL WORLD OF THE CHILD. SINCERELY WISH YOU SUCCESS!

about creative work with gifted children of grade 10

"Development of interest in physics in elementary school children"

physics teacher E.I. Bayeva.

Students of the 10th grade took part in the work:

Anna Chishko,

Sergey Gavrilov,

Yuri Nevsky,

Julia Sheremet,

Alexander Kopylov,

Dmitry Kartushin,

Anastasia Kotsyak,

Svetlana Grinevich,

Anastasia Samokhina,

Victoria Zubkova,

Vadim Lubanenko.

Demonstration and explanation of physical experiments on topics: swimming of bodies, Archimedes force, density of bodies, communicating vessels, atmospheric pressure, optical phenomena, sound phenomena, on the law of conservation of momentum and energy, electrical phenomena, magnetic phenomena, electromagnetic phenomena; creating presentations on the topics: "What is physics?" and "Why do we need to study physics."

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"Development of interest in physics in elementary school children" by physics teacher E.I.Baeva. Report on creative work with gifted children Grade 10 Physics experiments for kids Entertaining

Anna Chishko, Sergei Gavrilov, Yuri Nevsky, Yulia Sheremet, Alexander Kopylov, Dmitry Kartushin, Anastasia Kotsyak, Svetlana Grinevich, Anastasia Samokhina, Victoria Zubkova, Vadim Lyubanenko.

swimming of bodies, Archimedes force, density of bodies, communicating vessels, atmospheric pressure, optical phenomena, sound phenomena, on the law of conservation of momentum and energy, electrical phenomena, magnetic phenomena, electromagnetic phenomena; creating presentations on the topics: "What is physics?" and "Why do we need to study physics."

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The work was done by Chishko Anna.

Physics - what is it? And what is she studying?

"Physics" is a Greek word and means "nature" in translation.

One of the most ancient sciences, which allows one to know the forces of nature and put them at the service of man, which makes it possible to understand modern technology and develop it further, is physics. Knowledge of physics is necessary not only for scientists and inventors. Neither an agronomist, nor a worker, nor a doctor can do without them. Each of you will also need them more than once, and many, perhaps, will have a chance to make new discoveries and inventions. What has been done by the work of many scientists and inventors is magnificent. You have already heard the names of many of them: Aristotle, M. Lomonosov, N. Copernicus and many others.

M.Aristotle N.Copernicus M.Lomonosov

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Experiments demonstrated to children: 1. An inflated balloon “climbing” into a jar (A. Samokhina). (on the change in the volume of bodies during heating and on atmospheric pressure) Description: we try to place an inflated balloon in a glass liter jar already preheated with boiling water. Does not work. We leave the ball on the bank for a while in a conspicuous place.

boiling water This experience takes time, so let's start showing the next experience.

How long can a candle burn in water? 2. Floating candle (V. Lyubanenko). This experience takes time, so in a conspicuous place and proceed to show the next experience.

salt 3. Egg and potatoes floating in salt water (A. Kotsyak and V. Lyubanenko) (on the density of bodies and the force of Archimedes). Description: A boiled egg is dipped into a vessel with clean warm water. Then salt is added to the water and gently stirred. Gradually, the egg begins to float in salt water. This experience takes time. We leave the jar for a while in a conspicuous place and proceed to show the next experiment.

4. Demonstration of an instrument for studying the complex composition of light (Yu. Nevsky and S. Gavrilov).

5. Sound phenomena (A. Samokhina). Acquaintance with a tuning fork. What is it for. How can you make a tuning fork sound? a) hitting him with a hammer; b) through the air by sending a sound wave.

The second tuning fork also sounded, but much quieter. They hit the first tuning fork with a hammer. But to amplify the sound, it is necessary that the tuning forks stand opposite each other with holes in the cases.

Let's bring the plastic pen to thin sliced ​​pieces of paper. The position of the pieces of paper has not changed. Now we rub the pen on the hair and again bring it to the pieces of paper. The pieces of paper began to stick to the pen. 6. Electrical phenomena (A.Kopylov, S.Gavrilov).

On this page I will collect books on entertaining physics known to me: books that I have at home, links to stories and reviews about such books.

Please add in the comments what entertaining scientific books you know.

N.M. Zubkov "Tasty Science" Experiences and experiments in the kitchen for children from 5 to 9 years old. A simple little book. I would lower the age, too simple and well-known experiments, such as swimming an egg in salt water and wrapping ice cream in a fur coat. Mostly answers to children's "why?". Although, maybe I'm overly demanding) So, in principle, everything is nice and understandable)

L. Gendenstein and others "Mechanics" is a book from my childhood. In it, in the form of comics, friends get acquainted with the laws of mechanics. This acquaintance takes place in the game, in conversation, in general, in between times. I really liked her then, and still do. Maybe it was with her that my passion for physics began?

"Children's Encyclopedia". This Talmud is also from my childhood. It contains 5 volumes. There is also about art, and about geography, biology, history. And this one is natural. How many times I open it, I am so convinced that the old encyclopedias are not like the current ones. The drawings are true black and white (mostly), but there is much more information.

A. V. Lukyanova "Real physics for boys and girls". The first book on physics that I bought myself. What to say? Not immediately impressed. The book is large format, the drawings are beautiful, the paper is thick, the price is high. And in fact, not much. But, in principle, you can read, look at pictures with your child.

A. Dmitriev "Grandfather's Chest". This little pamphlet is my favorite. Almost self-published in design, but all experiments, scientific toys are described in a very accessible and simple way.

Tom Tit "Science Fun". Everywhere this book is very praised, but I also did not really like it. Experiments are interesting. But there is no explanation. And without an explanation, it somehow turns out poorly.

Y. Perelman "Entertaining mechanics", "Physics at every step", "Entertaining physics". Perelman, of course, is a classic of the genre. However, his books are not for the little ones.

Bruno Donath "Physics in games". It looks like Tom Tit, only somehow easier on my perception and explanations of all experiments and games are given.

L.A. Sikoruk "Physics for kids". It looks something like my "Mechanics" Gendenstein from childhood. No, there are no comics here, but acquaintance with the physical laws of nature goes on in conversation and casually. I did not find this book for sale, because I only have it in print.

Well, my last hobby is cards with scientific experiments.

Anastasia Sergeeva

How to explain physics to a child without leaving the kitchen?

If school physics suddenly becomes an unbearable burden for children, not only tutors, but also parents can help them! Explain physical phenomena to the child using simple examples that can be seen in everyday life, conduct some simple physical experiments and experiments with him. How to do this - we will demonstrate further, citing as an example familiar processes that can be observed even in your own kitchen.

Light refraction

The first thing that physics can be interesting for children is optical physical phenomena, in particular, the refraction of light rays. And if you have a vase with flowers in your kitchen, or a transparent cup with a spoon, then this phenomenon is clearly observed in it. It can be seen that a teaspoon lowered into a cup, passing through the water, seems to shift and continue under water at a different angle - it looks as if the spoon has broken. Or another example: if you pour water into a saucepan and put, say, peas on its bottom, then it will seem larger than it actually is.

This is the phenomenon of light refraction, when a light beam, passing through the boundary of two different media, changes its direction and angle of incidence. Moreover, the angle of incidence is greater, the greater the angle of refraction. But if the light beam is directed perpendicular to this boundary, then there will be no refraction. In the case of a spoon and a cup, the beam of light passes at an acute angle from the air into the water, and the water acts as a lens that refracts the light rays reflected in the spoon.

Change in the state of aggregation of matter

Aggregate state - the state of matter under certain conditions, in a specific range of pressure and temperature, which determines the properties of the substance, its ability to maintain shape and volume, or change them. These states traditionally include solid, liquid and gaseous.

But it sounds boring, so physics for kids comes to the rescue. It is easy to observe the change in aggregate states using the example of ordinary water. First check the child: if you spill some water on the floor and do not wipe it off, will the puddle stay there forever or not? What happens to water if you put it in the refrigerator? This is the state of aggregation of matter! It turns out that such familiar physical phenomena in the kitchen almost every day happen under our noses.

And why is this happening? It's not magic, it's physics! Water is a liquid, and liquid is an intermediate state between solid and gaseous substances. The solid state, in this case ice, is formed when water is subjected to freezing temperature (below 0°C) and a gas - water vapor - is formed at the boiling point (100°C). At temperatures from 0 ° C to 100 ° C, water is in a liquid state - and all because the intermolecular attraction at such marks is not as strong as in the solid state, but not as weak as in the gaseous state.

The transition of water into steam, that is, evaporation, occurs when water molecules from an open surface receive energy - solar or from room temperature, and begin to move randomly. The attraction between them weakens. As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the molecules decreases, and the attractive forces increase.

Thermal conductivity of bodies

The next physical phenomenon that physics considers for children using examples from life is thermal conductivity, that is, the ability of various material bodies to heat exchange, transfer energy. But how to explain this process to a child? Yes, at least on the example of heating soup in a saucepan, or water in a kettle!

Imagine: we put the soup on the stove. The temperature of the pot will begin to rise, and due to the temperature difference, the movement of particles will increase, which will facilitate the transfer of heat from the fire to the dishes, and from the heated dishes to the soup. But not all bodies have the same thermal conductivity: for example, metals have a higher thermal conductivity than, say, wood and air. Therefore, we heat the soup in a metal pan so that it heats up faster - however, it will cool down, it will quickly. However, if you stir the soup with a wooden spoon / spatula, then it will slowly heat up, having low thermal conductivity, but due to this it will cool slowly.

Physics for children has another such interesting thing regarding thermal conductivity as convection - a type of heat transfer in which energy is transferred in a flow-like manner, either naturally or by force. That is, when the soup just stands on the stove, it heats up naturally, but when it is stirred with a spoon, convection will be forced.

Diffusion

Diffusion is one of the most interesting and understandable physical phenomena that physics can tell, but it can also be difficult for children at times. Meanwhile, we constantly observe this process in life, in particular, in the kitchen. Diffusion is called mutual penetration, mixing of two substances, similar in structure, to a homogeneous state. Diffusion occurs due to the kinetic energy of the molecules of those substances - it is she who sets them in motion.

One of the most accessible examples of the diffusion of liquids that physics knows for children is brewing tea in boiling water. Let the child throw a tea bag or a handful of tea leaves into the water without stirring - then you can watch how the tea leaves mix with clean water. And the hotter the water, the faster the mixing process will take place.

And in solids, pickling vegetables for the winter can be an example for children: salt crystals, once in the water for the future brine, will disintegrate, forming chloride and sodium ions, which over time will penetrate between the molecules of salted vegetables, be it tomatoes, cucumbers or even mushrooms . This type of diffusion is the slowest.

But the fastest diffusion occurs in gases. Children know exactly how quickly the delicious smell of mom's cooking from the kitchen spreads around the house - this is how food aromas mix with air molecules in the room.

Law of Archimedes

This law is also called the law of hydrostatics. According to him, a buoyant force acts on a body immersed in a liquid (the Archimedes force), which is equal to the mass of the liquid that can fill the volume of this body. This means that a body with a density lower than the density of the liquid will be pushed out of it, and with a density higher, it will sink and sink, while pushing out as much liquid as corresponds to its volume.

Such physics will become clearer for children as soon as you remind them about cooking - for example, about boiling chicken. To cook a bird, mother does not collect a full pot of water, but approximately three-quarters, depending on the volume of the carcass. When we lower the chicken into the water, we will notice how the water rises to the edges of the dish, much closer than it was before. Archimedes' law in all its glory!

Do you want to know how to explain the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction to a child, and even so that it is interesting and visual? Show him this video:

Take it, tell your friends!

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