What causes bleeding during pregnancy. Blood in early pregnancy, obstetric bleeding

18.09.2019

Bloody discharge from the vagina during pregnancy, especially in the early stages, always worries women very much. And this, in general, is correct. Bleeding in such a situation can be a symptom of a rather serious disease and pathology. However, is bleeding in early pregnancy always dangerous?

Of course not. Bloody discharge can be caused by a number of reasons, some of which are not at all dangerous. The following details all the reasons that can cause bleeding during pregnancy.

Implantation bleeding is considered by some experts to be one of the first signs of pregnancy. In any case, before implantation occurs, there can be no other signs, since the fertilized egg does not contact the mother's body before that and is, as it were, in a suspended state in the uterus.

During implantation, a fertilized egg that penetrates the uterine lining can damage a small blood vessel, resulting in minor bleeding in the first month of pregnancy.

Usually, implantation occurs approximately on the 25-28th day of the cycle, that is, approximately when the next menstruation should begin. It is with menstrual bleeding that implantation bleeding is most often confused, because usually a woman simply does not know about pregnancy during this period.

However, the nature of the discharge during this period differs significantly from the monthly. The discharge is much less profuse, and usually lasts 1-2 days. There is no increase in bleeding, as with menstruation.

breakthrough bleeding

Breakthrough bleeding is bleeding that occurs as a result of a hormonal breakthrough in the menstrual cycle. Due to a sharp change in the hormonal background at the beginning of pregnancy, combined with minor hormonal disorders, in some cases, bleeding occurs, coinciding in time with menstruation, but much less abundant than menstruation.

Such bleeding can be repeated not only in the first month, but several more times. Because of this, some women do not even know about their pregnancy until 3-4 months. Actually, this explains why it is impossible to focus only on the delay in menstruation in the diagnosis of pregnancy, you always need to pay attention to several signs.

Breakthrough bleeding is also not particularly dangerous, and is not a symptom of the disease.

Infections and erosion as causes of bleeding in the early stages

Infectious and inflammatory processes in the cervix and cervical canal can also cause bleeding in early pregnancy. In this case, spotting will appear after any traumatic actions: sex, examination by a gynecologist, physical exertion, and so on.

This group of causes of spotting during pregnancy can include, for example, cervical erosion. This phrase hides damage to the cervical mucosa, which can be either congenital or acquired as a result of various trauma diseases.

In most cases, the disease is asymptomatic and does not cause any inconvenience to the patient. However, in some cases, bleeding and pain occur.

Erosion does not affect pregnancy, fetal development and the process of childbirth. Therefore, some doctors argue that it is not necessary to treat it during pregnancy. Other experts insist that it is still worth treating erosion. The decision, of course, will still be the woman herself. Study the information, weigh the pros and cons, and make a decision: whether to treat erosion immediately, or wait until the end of pregnancy.

With an infection, there is no choice. If bleeding is caused by an infectious disease, it must be treated. And, as soon as possible. Almost all infections have a negative impact on the development of the fetus. In the worst cases, the changes can make the fetus unviable and cause a miscarriage.

Infections are usually advised to be treated before the onset of pregnancy, but this is not always done. And no one is safe from infection after conception.

Risk of miscarriage

The most serious and unpleasant cause of bleeding, and at the same time, unfortunately, far from the rarest, is this. Behind this phrase lies a whole galaxy of causes and diagnoses, some of which leave future parents with at least an illusory hope of maintaining pregnancy, some are a sentence.

Unfortunately, or fortunately, it depends on which side you look at: most of the early miscarriages occur in the first 4 weeks, when a woman simply does not know about her pregnancy. On the one hand, in this case, the hope of maintaining pregnancy falls, and on the other hand, the woman has not yet got used to, and has not even begun to get used to, the idea that she will become a mother.

The chances of fetal survival are minimal even if genetic abnormalities become the cause of the miscarriage. In such a situation, the mother's body rejects the unviable fetus. Often a miscarriage begins after the death of the fetus.

The cause of the threat of miscarriage can also be various chronic and infectious diseases of the mother, deviations in the structure of the uterus, hormonal disruptions, Rhesus conflict, and so on. The risk of having a miscarriage increases with age and also with multiple pregnancies. Women who smoke, drink and use drugs are also at risk.

What to do with bleeding?

As you can see, bleeding does not always indicate some serious threats and diseases. However, this does not mean that when bleeding occurs, you can afford to relax and not worry.

In any case, you must consult a doctor. It is unlikely that a woman will be able to make a diagnosis for herself, and at the same time not be mistaken. Is it worth risking your child, and your health, and not rarely your life.

If, nevertheless, it turns out that we are talking about the threat of a miscarriage, then how quickly the woman goes to the doctor depends on whether the pregnancy can be maintained. In addition, if the bleeding is not stopped in time, not only the embryo, but also the pregnant woman can suffer.

When bleeding occurs, call an ambulance and go to bed. Peace is the most important recommendation, which should not be violated in any case.

Getting to the hospital on your own is also not recommended. Walking and traveling in public transport are very serious loads if you suspect a threatened miscarriage.

When a woman is brought to the hospital, the first step will be taken to stop the bleeding. Then they will do tests and conduct the necessary studies to identify the cause of the threat of miscarriage. Based on the received data, treatment will be prescribed.

Depending on the severity of the woman's condition, she may be allowed to go home for treatment, or offered to stay in the hospital. It's not worth giving up. Few people manage to truly maintain peace at home. And not all procedures can be done at home.

The main thing in this situation is not to be nervous. Excessive nervousness can aggravate the situation. As a rule, if a woman consults a doctor in a timely manner, the pregnancy can be saved.

Answers

Pregnancy is the most difficult physiological condition of a woman, which can often be accompanied by various complications, in particular, those that cause bleeding - vaginal or uterine. The most dangerous are those that occur at the very beginning and at the end of bearing a child.

Perhaps all people, without exception, begin to worry and even panic when they see blood. Moreover, a pregnant woman is exposed to such emotions, and this is natural - she, first of all, worries about her unborn baby.

At the sight of her own blood flowing from the vagina, a pregnant woman may experience a double panic, but not all bleeding is a formidable symptom. However, it is impossible not to pay attention to it.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

In the first trimester, minor bleeding is generally considered normal. During engraftment to the wall of the uterus, the egg seems to prepare a place for itself - this causes bloody discharge. They are not plentiful, they may be accompanied by small spasms.
If a woman used to treat cervical erosion, now, due to a strong rush of blood to the uterus, she can bleed. In addition, benign polyps can occur in the cervix, which provokes bleeding. It does not harm the child.
Blood as a warning. In the first trimester of pregnancy, it may appear with the threat of a miscarriage - while the bleeding is prolonged, accompanied by sensations of dull pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. Although they can be painless, and only a doctor can determine their cause.
Sometimes there are cases when bleeding just in the first trimester should certainly alarm a woman. Sometimes it is with minor bleeding that very serious pathologies begin, such as, for example, spontaneous miscarriage, oncological neoplasm or ectopic pregnancy, which can also begin with bleeding. Or severe pathology of the cervix, varicose veins of the external genitalia, infection of the vagina.

You should consult a doctor in a timely manner.

An ectopic pregnancy is very dangerous. If it is not diagnosed in time, then it can bring great trouble and even death to a pregnant woman.

For example, an undiagnosed tubal pregnancy in time can provoke a rupture of the cervix, which is life-threatening.

Therefore, even with bleeding without pain, it is better, without delay, to turn to specialists. And later, after an examination, passing the necessary tests, an ultrasound scan, it is determined whether there is some kind of inflammation that could provoke bleeding, in addition, it becomes clear how the pregnancy is going, whether there is a threat of miscarriage.

The first and last trimesters of pregnancy are considered the most dangerous: at this time, a variety of complications can develop, such as uterine or vaginal bleeding.

In the event that any of the fears listed above are confirmed after all the examinations, you will, of course, be provided with qualified assistance and will be monitored in order to protect you and your baby from all possible dangers as much as possible. Therefore, do not be afraid. You can correct, perhaps, any situation, especially if you do not postpone a visit to the hospital and timely access to specialists. And in no case should you try to independently determine the cause of the blood during pregnancy, and even more so, self-medicate.

Sooner or later in a woman's life comes the long-awaited and responsible time of waiting for the baby. This period requires special care and attention to your body. Any changes may indicate a dysfunctional pregnancy, and some of them can threaten the new life that has arisen in you. What does early bleeding indicate?

Causes and treatment of uterine bleeding in the early stages

A very dangerous symptom that can lead to termination of pregnancy is bleeding. Unfortunately, about 15-20% of women face this in the early stages.

The causes of bleeding in the early stages can be:

ectopic pregnancy;
frozen pregnancy;
miscarriage;
chromosomal abnormalities;
cystic skid;
hormonal bleeding.

Ectopic pregnancy

Sometimes it happens that a fertilized egg cannot reach the uterine cavity, as a result of which it develops outside it (in the fallopian tube, cervix, abdominal cavity).

According to statistics, the most common pregnancy is tubal.

Initially, an ectopic pregnancy does not differ in symptoms from a normal one. Observed:

delay of menstruation;
breast swelling;
toxicosis;
weakness.

The embryo develops, there is less and less space for growth. Starting from 6–8 weeks, symptoms appear that should greatly alert the woman:

pain in the lower abdomen on the left or right, where the attachment occurred;
pain in the middle section of the lower abdomen (with cervical pregnancy);
increased pain when turning, tilting;
bloody discharge from the genital tract (during cervical pregnancy, the discharge is abundant);
low hCG level (pale second line on the test).

HCG or blood test for pregnancy, when and how to donate:

A very dangerous condition is a rupture of the fallopian tube with subsequent bleeding into the abdominal cavity. This is accompanied by a sharp pain, a drop in blood pressure, pallor, severe dizziness up to loss of consciousness.

In this case, it is necessary to contact a specialist as soon as possible for diagnosis and treatment.

Possible causes of ectopic pregnancy:

adhesive process in pipes;
infectious diseases;
abortions;
anomalies in the development of the fallopian tubes;
the presence of an intrauterine device;
age over 35;
inflammatory diseases;
low sperm motility;
in vitro fertilization.

Diagnostics:

examination by a gynecologist on a chair;
clinical blood test;
hormonal screening;
hCG - analysis;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
puncture of the posterior fornix of the vagina;
laparoscopy.

In the early stages of pregnancy, the treatment of ectopic pregnancy is carried out by the method of laparoscopic surgery to remove the fetal egg from the place where it was attached, while maintaining and restoring the functioning of the reproductive organs.

In cervical pregnancy, bleeding is first stopped by surgical methods, and then the fetal egg is removed bloodlessly. If it is impossible to save the organ and the measures taken are ineffective, the cervix and body of the uterus are removed with the preservation of the appendages.

Bleeding after curettage and the rehabilitation period:

Complications and consequences of ectopic pregnancy:

relapse;
adhesions in the pelvis;
infections;
intestinal obstruction;
infertility;
rupture of the fallopian tube and bleeding into the abdominal cavity;
fatal outcome.

Frozen pregnancy

A missed pregnancy is understood as a halt in the growth and development of the fetus. This happens up to 13 weeks.

Basically, fetal fading occurs at 7-9 weeks.

It is still not fully understood why the fetus stops in its development. But some provocative factors contributing to this have been investigated:

infectious processes;
gene mutations;
in vitro fertilization;
hormonal imbalance;
bad habits;
stress, fatigue, heavy physical exertion;

Only a doctor can diagnose a frozen pregnancy, but there are symptoms that you should be wary of finding:

disappearance of toxicosis;
cessation of breast swelling and disappearance of pain in it;
analysis of hCG in dynamics does not increase, but, on the contrary, may decrease;
the appearance of pain in the lower abdomen.

Bleeding may indicate a spontaneous miscarriage. So the body gets rid of the frozen fetus. You should immediately call an ambulance for hospitalization.

Diagnostics includes:

examination on a gynecological chair;
blood test for hCG in dynamics;
ultrasound examination (lack of fetal heartbeat).

Basically, a frozen pregnancy ends with curettage of the uterine cavity. In the early stages, the vacuum aspiration method is used. After all the interventions, the woman is prescribed a course of antibacterial, hormonal and vitamin therapy.

Many women, unfortunately, neglect drug therapy after the curettage, as a result of which inflammatory processes in the uterine cavity begin to progress, intrauterine adhesions are formed, which further lead to infertility.

Miscarriage

Miscarriage refers to the spontaneous termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks.

In the early stages, an incomplete miscarriage mainly occurs when the embryo departs, and the amniotic membranes remain unseparated from the uterine cavity.

Reasons for miscarriage:

malformations;
gene mutations;
hormonal imbalance;
stress;
taking medications;
bad habits;
genital tract infections;
inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system;
tumor formations;
pathology of the kidneys, heart and blood vessels;
increased tone of the uterus;
rough sex and orgasm after it.

Most often, miscarriage is caused by fetal malformations that are incompatible with life, and attempts to maintain the pregnancy are meaningless and ineffective.

Symptoms of a miscarriage:

nausea and diarrhea;
pain in the lower abdomen;
lower back pain;
dizziness;
drop in blood pressure;
small spotting red and brown discharge with mucus from the vagina for two days (at the beginning of a miscarriage);
bleeding (blood with clots, increased bleeding during movement).

If such symptoms appear, it is necessary to urgently consult a specialist, and if blood secretions increase, immediately call an ambulance.

Diagnosis is carried out by examining a pregnant woman. The doctor evaluates the tone of the uterus, the nature and intensity of the discharge.

On ultrasound with a threat of miscarriage, single areas of uterine tone are well expressed. And when the process has already begun, an increased contraction of all the uterine walls is visualized and detachment of the fetal egg is observed.

Methods of therapy for the threat of termination of pregnancy and for the onset of a miscarriage differ.

The threat is treated with medication (in the absence of a result, it is possible to suture the cervix or apply a special ring to it, which is designed to prevent miscarriage). Most often prescribed:
- hormonal agents containing progesterone;
- antispasmodics that reduce uterine tone;
- vitamin-containing preparations, in particular folic acid;
- if necessary, sedatives to reduce excitability.
If it was not possible to avoid a miscarriage, the following options are possible:
- lack of treatment, since the body itself gets rid of the fetus and membranes;
- taking medications that will help to remove the remaining parts of the fetus and membranes;
- scraping of the uterine cavity.

Complications and consequences:

big loss of blood;
repeated miscarriage;
inflammatory diseases;
adhesions;
infertility.

Chromosomal abnormalities

The exact causes of chromosomal abnormalities are still unknown, but some of the provoking factors are:

bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs);
the influence of radiation;
exposure to toxic substances;
taking medications.

As a rule, a fetus with severe defects does not stay in the mother's body, and everything ends with a spontaneous miscarriage, which was described above.

bubble skid

Bubble drift is nothing more than the growth of a trophoblast (the outer layer of cells of a fertilized egg, from which the placenta should be formed in the future). This disease belongs to the tumor. If the overgrown tissues do not extend beyond the uterus, then they are benign and respond well to treatment. If they begin to grow into the inner layers of the uterine wall, then the tumor is already becoming malignant. The exact reasons have not yet been established. There is duplication of paternal chromosomes and loss of maternal ones.

A woman should be alerted:

severe toxicosis;
weakness;
dizziness, headaches;
increased blood pressure;
the appearance of bleeding;
protein in the urine.

Bubble drift is diagnosed quite easily. On examination, the gynecologist will determine the discrepancy between the size of the uterus and the gestational age (it is tightly elastic to the touch). On ultrasound, a characteristic picture for the disease will be observed. Conduct a study of hCG in dynamics.

Treatment is carried out under the supervision of an oncologist.

In a benign course, removal is carried out by vacuum aspiration.
With a malignant woman undergoes a course of treatment with chemotherapy drugs.

Methods of modern diagnostics and treatment maximally preserve the functioning of the female reproductive system. But if you do not contact specialists in time, the following consequences are possible:

amenorrhea;
sepsis;
thrombosis;
infertility;
metastasis;
fatal outcome.

implantation bleeding

Implantation bleeding occurs as a result of damage to the intramural vessels of the uterus, when a fertilized egg is introduced into the cell epithelium of its wall. In this case, slight pulling pains in the lower abdomen may occur, but, as a rule, this does not bother the woman. Fears are caused by discharge, which is sometimes confused with the onset of menstruation, but only they are quite meager and last a maximum of 2-3 days, and sometimes go completely unnoticed, as they have a barely noticeable pink color. They do not pose any threat, therefore, no treatment is required.

Implantation bleeding occurs in about 30% of pregnant women.

Hormonal bleeding

As a rule, such bleeding also does not pose any danger. Occur due to hormonal changes in the body. In the first 2-3 months are considered the norm. They are quite scarce, smearing, red-brown in color. Treatment is not required.

Hormonal bleeding in the beginning is often combined with implantation.

Another type of hormonal bleeding occurs due to a lack of progesterone in the body of the expectant mother. There may be a threat of termination of pregnancy. Discharge scanty, smearing with streaks of blood. In this case, the gynecologist should prescribe a progesterone-containing drug to normalize the hormone level.

To prevent bleeding during pregnancy, you must strictly follow all the recommendations of your obstetrician-gynecologist. But if it was not possible to avoid this, it is necessary to consult a specialist for advice. When a full-fledged bleeding has opened, you should put a cold on the lower abdomen and immediately call an ambulance for hospitalization. In no case do not take hemostatic drugs on their own.

Pregnancy is the most responsible and important time for every woman. The expectant mother very sensitively and carefully monitors changes in her condition, any deviations in the direction of deterioration in well-being are alarming and alarming. Bleeding is what scares expectant mothers the most. Why does bleeding occur in the first half of pregnancy?

Why does bleeding occur in early pregnancy?

Bleeding, especially at the beginning of pregnancy, is a dangerous symptom that can lead to irreversible consequences. Even if there is very little blood, you cannot ignore the discharge, you should immediately consult a doctor for advice and medical help. Statistics say that about 20% of pregnant women experience bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy, and about 100 Russian women die annually from related complications.

Bleeding in the early stages can be both harmless and indicate serious complications of pregnancy.

Discharge with blood can be for various reasons. Among them are the following:

risk of abortion;
miscarriage;
ectopic pregnancy, when a fertilized egg attaches and begins its development outside the uterus;
non-developing or missed pregnancy, in which the fetus dies in utero;
implantation (introduction) of the egg into the inner layer of the uterine wall;
cystic skid;
inflammatory processes - cervical erosion, uterine fibroids, cervical canal polyps, endometriosis;
anomalies in the development of the embryo (chromosomal disorders);
hormonal disruptions - deficiency of progesterone (the so-called pregnancy hormone);
trauma (blow, bruise) of the abdomen;
rough sex.

Causes of bleeding

Ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy is a phenomenon in which a fertilized egg is attached outside the uterus - on the cervix, ovary, fallopian tube, abdominal cavity.

The main cause of ectopic pregnancy is the obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Such a deviation can occur due to various diseases in history:

infections (chronic or transferred) of the uterus and appendages;
tumors;
adhesions and scar tissue as a result of inflammatory processes;
adnexitis - an inflammatory disease of the appendages;
endometriosis - inflammation of the mucous layer of the uterine cavity;
operations on the female genital organs;
abortion;
hormonal disorders;
anomalies in the development of pipes;
intrauterine device.

With age, the risk of ectopic pregnancy increases.

One of the options for the location of a fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity

Another cause of bleeding is an undeveloped pregnancy. This is an abnormal cessation of the growth and development of the embryo, which most often occurs for up to 3 months. Factors that provoke the fading of pregnancy:

pathology of the internal genital organs;
intrauterine infections leading to fetal malformations:
- herpes,
- rubella,
- toxoplasmosis,
- cytomegalovirus;
autoimmune disorders such as antiphospholipid syndrome;
hormonal disbalance;
IVF (in vitro fertilization);
severe stress;
hard physical labor;
some medicines;
bad habits - alcoholism, smoking, drug use.

Uterine bleeding may indicate a threat of spontaneous abortion or a miscarriage. Factors that provoke miscarriage may be:

hormonal imbalance - lack of progesterone or an excess of androgens;
Rh factor conflict;
immune disorders;
genetic failures - chromosomal mutations;
sexually transmitted infections;
diseases of the genital organs - uterine fibroids, endometriosis;
isthmic-cervical insufficiency, which can develop due to mechanical trauma to the cervix during abortions, difficult births or hormonal abnormalities;
infectious and inflammatory diseases:
- viral hepatitis,
- angina,
- rubella,
- pyelonephritis,
- appendicitis;
chronic diseases of the heart, blood vessels, kidneys;
abdominal trauma;
severe stress that cannot be the root cause of a miscarriage, but is a predisposing factor;
endocrine diseases.

One of the causes of heavy bleeding during pregnancy is spontaneous abortion.

Bubble skid is another reason for heavy uterine bleeding. This is a pathological condition in which the normal development of the embryo does not occur (it may be completely absent), and the trophoblast (the outer layer of cells of a fertilized egg) grows. From the trophoblast during the normal course of pregnancy, the placenta is formed, in the case of hydatidiform mole this does not happen. The reason for such a pathological deviation is the absence or incomplete set of mother's chromosomes in the presence of a double chromosome set of the father. This phenomenon can occur if 2 spermatozoa simultaneously fertilize an egg with developmental anomalies - non-nuclear or with a delay in chromosome set. Viral or infectious diseases, lack of estrogen, genetic mutations are considered provoking factors for drift. Until the end, the cause-and-effect relationship of hydatidiform drift has not been studied.

Vesical skid - a tumor formation that causes profuse uterine bleeding

Implantation bleeding occurs in approximately 30% of pregnant women and is not particularly dangerous. They are like a scanty period. Such bleeding occurs a few days after ovulation or 7 days before the expected date of the start of menstruation. A fertilized egg is introduced into the epithelium of the inner layer of the uterus, thereby damaging the vessels.

Breakthrough bleeding (breakthrough of menstruation) at the beginning of pregnancy indicates hormonal disorders. Sometimes this happens in the first months of gestation repeatedly, while the discharge resembles ordinary menstruation, which is why the expectant mother may not be aware of her special position. This phenomenon occurs due to a sharp hormonal restructuring of the female body.

Minor bleeding can be triggered by an exacerbation of gynecological diseases, such as cervical ectopia, polyps, uterine fibroids, and others.

Symptoms of bleeding during pregnancy

The leading symptom, regardless of etiology, is discharge with blood from the vagina, they are scanty or abundant, with or without mucus, clots. Depending on the factor that provoked bleeding, other manifestations are added.

The danger of an ectopic pregnancy is that it proceeds in the same way as a normal one, that is, a woman experiences signs characteristic of a healthy pregnancy:

nausea;
fatigue;
malaise;
swelling of the mammary glands;
weakness;
delay of menstruation.

The embryo develops, grows and there are manifestations that are already characteristic of an ectopic pregnancy:

intense pain, almost unbearable, in the lower abdomen or on the side where the egg was attached;
pain syndrome increases with movement, tilt;
bright red blood - in case of cervical pregnancy;
with tubal pregnancy - brown discharge;
feeling faint;
loss of consciousness.

If the pregnancy is cervical, then the bleeding is very plentiful, prolonged, since this place is rich in blood vessels.

Symptoms of an undeveloped pregnancy

At the very beginning of gestation, especially if the pregnancy is the first, a woman cannot immediately understand that something is wrong with the fetus. Most often, pregnant women go to the doctor when heavy bleeding begins - the uterus spontaneously tries to reject the dead fetus. Bleeding when pregnancy fades does not begin immediately. The first symptoms of this condition are:

manifestations of toxicosis stop if it was observed before;
mammary glands cease to swell and hurt;
pulling pains of moderate intensity are felt in the lower abdomen.

Then the pain can intensify, become cramping and spotting begins.

Risk of miscarriage

This condition manifests itself with three main symptoms:

bleeding from the uterus (from light pink daub to significant discharge, reminiscent of menstruation);
uterine hypertonicity, which is determined by ultrasound;
drawing pain in the abdomen, may radiate to the lower back.

Increased bleeding and deterioration of the general condition most often indicates that a miscarriage begins. At the same time, the pregnant woman feels severe weakness, dizziness, nausea, increased pain. The discharge is at first small brownish or red with mucus, after 1-2 days it becomes plentiful, with large clots. Bleeding becomes worse with exertion and movement.

There are several stages of miscarriage:

The threat of abortion - there are weak spotting discharge and pain. The child can be saved.
The beginning of a miscarriage - the pain becomes cramping, bleeding intensifies. The pregnancy can still be saved.
Spontaneous abortion in progress, the main symptoms are intense pain and a lot of blood with clots. Pregnancy can no longer be saved.

Video - signs of early miscarriage

Signs of a hydatidiform mole

Along with bleeding, a woman experiences symptoms characteristic of early toxicosis:

nausea;
fatigue;
taste change;
vomiting;
dizziness;
weakness;
increase in symptoms of liver failure.

In the secretions, it is often possible to detect characteristic vesicles that have come off the chorionic villi (the embryonic part of the unformed placenta). Allocations with blood during cystic mole are frequent, plentiful, they lead to the development of anemia.

The cystic drift can be complete (simple), incomplete (partial) and destructive, when the altered chorionic villi grow into the uterine wall. This form is the most severe and often causes terrible internal bleeding, and the growth itself acquires a malignant course.

implantation bleeding

This type of bleeding does not affect the normal course of pregnancy and is characterized by scant discharge or a small amount of pure blood. The discharge caused by the implantation of the egg in the uterine wall is never dark in color and can literally last from one hour to 2-3 days. At this time, a pregnant woman may feel a slight pain in the lower abdomen, but most often there is no pain.

Signs of breakthrough bleeding

The discharge resembles normal menstrual blood, only in a smaller volume. This phenomenon happens once at the very beginning of gestation or can be repeated for another 3-4 months.

Bleeding in gynecological diseases, such as erosion, is usually mild and not accompanied by other symptoms.

Bleeding with mechanical damage to the vagina or cervix during a gynecological examination or after intense sex also does not differ in intensity. Most often, they manifest themselves as light spotting secretions, quickly end and do not repeat.

Diagnosis of uterine bleeding

Diagnosis always begins with an examination of the pregnant woman, an objective assessment of her condition, the nature of the discharge, anamnesis in order to establish the presence or absence of diseases that provoked bleeding. Laboratory and hardware examination of the patient gives the doctor a clear idea of the cause of bleeding and determines further treatment tactics. The standard examination of a pregnant woman with bleeding includes:

clinical blood test;
determination of blood group and Rh factor;
blood chemistry;
blood test for syphilis, HIV, hepatitis;
clinical analysis of urine;
coagulogram (blood clotting test);
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs, preferably transvaginally.

Further additional examinations depend on the identified pathologies. It can be:

blood for hCG;
hormone analysis;
analysis for TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, herpes, cytomegalovirus, rubella);
swab for sexually transmitted infections.

Ultrasound is one of the main methods of examination and diagnosis in early pregnancy.

Diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy always begins with a chair examination. The doctor can determine the place of attachment of the fetal egg by the type of bloody discharge. Conduct a blood test for hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin hormone) in dynamics. With a healthy pregnancy, the level of the hormone doubles daily, with an ectopic pregnancy - no. Ultrasound is prescribed by the transvaginal method, when the sensor is inserted through the vagina. The method allows you to determine the place of attachment of the fetus. In doubtful cases, culdocentesis is used - a puncture of the posterior wall of the vagina. By the nature of the aspirate (fluid removed during puncture), the doctor can diagnose an ectopic pregnancy.

A doctor determines a frozen pregnancy by collecting and analyzing complaints and anamnesis (how long ago the discharge and other symptoms, concomitant gynecological diseases, the functionality of the reproductive system began). A gynecological examination indicates that the uterus is smaller than it should be at this time. In a blood test for hCG, the indicators are significantly behind the level during a normal pregnancy. With the help of ultrasound, it is determined that the size of the fetus is smaller than expected and there is no heartbeat.

Diagnosis of threatened miscarriage and spontaneous abortion is to collect anamnesis and complaints. Ultrasound shows hypertonicity of the walls of the uterus. With a threat, separate areas of the uterine tone are clearly expressed, with the onset of the abortion process, a contraction of all the walls of the uterus and detachment of the fetal egg are visible. If a miscarriage is suspected, the doctor conducts an examination on a chair with a two-handed vaginal examination, that is, by touch determines the size and tone of the uterus, whether there is a cervical opening.

It is quite easy for a specialist to diagnose a cystic skid. The doctor conducts an examination and ultrasound. On ultrasound, a specialist observes a picture characteristic of a cystic drift. This examination is often enough to make a correct diagnosis.

Treatment of bleeding

The causes of bleeding can be completely different and the consequences can be completely unpredictable, so if bleeding occurs, you should immediately seek medical help.

If the discharge is very slight and not accompanied by pain, you can independently contact the gynecologist of the antenatal clinic, provided that it is nearby. With heavy bleeding, pain, deterioration of health, it is necessary to call an ambulance immediately! Before the arrival of the brigade, you need to lie down, put a pillow or a soft roller under your feet. You can not take any medications so as not to lubricate the clinical picture. The most dangerous condition that can cause bleeding is an ectopic pregnancy. In this case, every minute counts.

Treatment of uterine bleeding is carried out depending on the causes that caused them. The patient in any case needs rest and strict bed rest.

Therapy with the threat of spontaneous abortion and the initial stage, if there are no deviations in the development of the embryo, is aimed at preserving the fetal egg. The following drugs are prescribed:

hemostatic - Dicinon, Tranexam, Vikasol, aminocaproic acid;
to reduce the tone of the uterus, antispasmodic drugs - No-shpu, papaverine, magnesium sulfate;
progesterone preparations - Utrozhestan, Duphaston;
vitamin preparations - MagneB6, folic acid, Iodomarin, vitamin E.

Drugs used to treat bleeding in early pregnancy - gallery

Dicynon is used as a hemostatic drug Tranexam is effective for uterine bleeding Vikasol is prescribed for bleeding of various etiologies No-Shpa is used as an antispasmodic for increased uterine tone Magnesium sulfate is used to relieve spasms, with increased uterine tone Dufaston and Utrozhestan are hormonal drugs that are prescribed for deficiency progesterone A complex preparation for pregnant women with magnesium and vitamin B6 in the composition
Folic acid belongs to the B group of vitamins and is used as a hematopoietic stimulant.

If treatment is started on time and all medical recommendations are followed, pregnancy can most often be saved. Emotional peace, renunciation of sexual life also play an important role in this case. After normalizing the condition of the pregnant woman and stopping the bleeding, the doctor may prescribe a tincture of valerian or motherwort for a sedative effect.

A pregnant woman should eat fully and balanced. In her diet must be food rich in protein - dairy and sour-milk products, meat, liver, eggs, fish. Every day, the expectant mother needs to eat fresh vegetables and fruits, especially rich in vitamin C - citrus fruits, apples, currants, tomatoes, sweet peppers, zucchini, potatoes, cauliflower. It is very important to include vegetable oils and fatty fish in the diet - to strengthen blood vessels and the harmonious development of a healthy pregnancy.

Of the physiotherapeutic methods, gynecologists prefer electrophoresis with magnesium to reduce the tone of the uterus. For the same purpose, sometimes acupuncture, an electro-relaxator device or endonasal galvanization are used - the impact on certain zones with a galvanic current.

Electrophoresis with magnesium is used to reduce the tone of the uterus

If spontaneous abortion still could not be prevented, an operation is performed - the removal of the remains of the fetus, the uterus is scraped. After surgery, Oxytocin is prescribed - a drug for contracting the walls of the uterus and hemostatic agents. After the operation, antibiotics are indicated to prevent bacterial complications, a course of hormonal and vitamin therapy. During this period, the prescribed drug treatment should not be neglected, otherwise there is a risk of complications in the form of inflammatory processes, which can ultimately lead to the formation of adhesions and infertility.

An ectopic pregnancy is always treated with surgery. Laparoscopy or laparotomy is performed with the removal of the ovum and fallopian tube if it is significantly damaged and the organ cannot be saved. In a cervical ectopic pregnancy, the bleeding is stopped and the embryo is removed. In some cases, it is necessary to remove the cervix and even the uterus itself with the preservation of the appendages.

If bleeding is caused by a frozen pregnancy, then doctors choose the appropriate treatment tactics:

observation (may be relevant only for a few days after the death of the embryo) - due to a sharp drop in the level of hCG, the uterus begins to contract and expels the frozen fetus on its own;
interruption by medication (can be used up to 8 weeks) - prescribe progesterone antagonists and other drugs that stimulate miscarriage;
operation - removal of the fetal egg by scraping the uterine cavity with a curette or vacuum aspiration.

After the operation, a course of antibiotic therapy is carried out, immunomodulators and fortifying agents - vitamins are prescribed.

The treatment of cystic drift also has its own characteristics. In more than 50% of patients, tumor tissue is isolated without medical intervention. Overgrown formations from the uterus are removed by one of the methods:

up to 12 weeks, manual removal is performed, and then an instrumental revision of the uterus;
up to 20 weeks, the vacuum aspiration method is used. Scraping with a curette is used only for small formations, otherwise there is a risk of perforation (violation of integrity) of the walls of the uterus.

The removed tissues are sent for histological examination. If the cystic drift has a destructive form, especially with severe bleeding, the threat of uterine perforation, growth in the vagina, an operation is performed to remove the uterus. After such an operation, a course of chemotherapy is prescribed. For metastases to other organs, radiation therapy is sometimes performed.

Bleeding caused by hormonal changes in the body in the early stages of bearing a child does not require special treatment. In some cases, doctors will prescribe hormonal drugs.

If we talk about alternative medicine, then in addition to tinctures of valerian and motherwort, it is not recommended to drink other herbs, as they are most often ineffective and can even aggravate the situation.

Video - bleeding during pregnancy, therapy

Complications and consequences of uterine bleeding

The most severe complications can be with ectopic pregnancy:

pipe rupture - entails severe bleeding into the abdominal cavity, which can be fatal;
tubal abortion, when the fetus enters the sterile abdominal cavity, can threaten the development of purulent inflammation of the peritoneum - peritonitis.

The most severe consequence of an ectopic pregnancy is the loss of reproductive organs during surgery and further infertility.

A miscarriage with a belated request for medical help can threaten:

large blood loss;
inflammatory processes - salpingoophoritis, endometritis;
spikes;
difficulties with conception and bearing a healthy baby;
infertility.

The loss of a child is a huge stress for a woman and it can provoke depression and serious psychological disorders.

Bubble skid is fraught with the following consequences:

amenorrhea - absence of menstruation;
high risk of complications in childbirth - anomalies of labor, bleeding;
sepsis;
metastases in malignant course;
infertility.

Frozen pregnancy is dangerous with endometritis, the decomposition of a dead fetus can cause peritonitis and sepsis.

Prevention of bleeding in early pregnancy

Pregnancy needs to be planned. Before you think about conceiving a child, you need to undergo a complete examination of the body, eliminate all foci of infection, special attention, of course, should be paid to the health of the reproductive system. During pregnancy, it is necessary to visit a antenatal clinic in a timely manner, undergo regular examinations by a gynecologist, and take the required tests. Be sure to maintain a positive emotional background, walk more often in the fresh air, eat right, drink clean water. It is worth giving up bad habits long before the planned pregnancy. You can not take any medications without a doctor's prescription, and if you have suspicious symptoms, you should immediately contact a gynecologist.