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What accessories to buy for interior doors. Features detachable and universal hinges. Types of hinges, differing in the method of fastening

The durability of the functioning of swing doors depends on the reliability of the hinges. But the correct choice and installation of hinges mean no less - an error will lead to sagging and skewing of the door leaf. What types of these fittings exist depending on the material of the door and frame, you will learn from our review.

Wooden doors

One of the most "ancient" versions of the door hinge exists today. This is a forged applied front loop, which fully complies with the definition of handmade. It is used in timber construction, and in decorative terms it is one of the central design elements of an entrance door.

In Soviet times, the most common type was a cut-in split loop.

This model is still being installed. The lower part is attached to the box, and the upper part is attached to the canvas. With the door fully open, if the platbands do not interfere, the canvas can be removed without dismantling the hinges. This makes it possible to lubricate the hinge pin or put a washer on it if the door sagged slightly and began to cling to the floor (as a result of house shrinkage or box shrinkage).

The cut-in universal hinge is of the one-piece type. It consists of five hinges separated by four wide washers.

A part of the hinge (wing) with two extreme and one central hinge is attached to the box. A wing with two hinges is cut into the end of the door leaf. Such a hinge can withstand more significant loads than a split hinge (with the same finger sizes), but in order to remove the canvas, all hinges must be dismantled.

For interior doors, there are models with decorative patterns on hinges and wings.

The one-piece type includes overhead butterfly loops, in which one wing enters the other.

And although this original name was given to the loop due to the curly shape of the inner wing, there are models with a rectangular inner part.

In addition to straight mortise hinges, there are corner models. In this species, both wings (or one of them) are made in the form of a corner. They are used in a box with a porch, this type can be both one-piece and detachable.

The most difficult to install are hidden hinges.

Unlike conventional cut-in hinges, one more recess must be cut in the box and the end of the canvas in order to hide the hinge mechanism, which has three pivot axes. But this inconvenience is compensated by the special decorative properties of the door (when the hinge is closed, the hinge is not visible at all) and more "wide" possibilities of its opening (up to 180 °).

Screw-in hinges have a special installation method: the frame part is screwed into the front surface of the box, and the counterpart is screwed into the end of the door leaf rebate. Therefore, such hinges are not suitable for ordinary doors. By design, they are:

  • with one pin and cover plate;
  • with two pins;
  • with three and four pins.

Moreover, in the latter case, such a loop has a special screw that allows you to adjust the position of the cam and the height of the blade relative to the box.

They are also called "spring-loaded", since inside each axial cartridge there are springs that return the leaf to the plane of the door frame. Such doors open in both directions, so this mechanism is used for rooms with high traffic (hence the name - "bar").

Metal doors

For entrance metal doors, three types of hinges are most common.

1. Welded (drip). This is a kind of mortise hinge, each part of which is welded to the box and the canvas. The only drawback is the open view. And although such a hinge has anti-detachable pins, its burglary resistance is lower than that of a concealed hinge.

2. Corner. Classic rebated door hinge. The hidden mounting part of the fenders provides higher anti-burglar properties of the hinge.

3. Hidden. A special type of hinge, the mechanism of which is completely hidden in the box. It is absolutely burglar resistant, but long arm and increased bearing loads reduce durability.

Currently, there are a wide variety of door hinges. The main fundamental differences are in the installation method, design, material of manufacture and purpose. Today, there are both expensive hidden hinges for $ 200 apiece and cheap metal counterparts on sale. The hinge itself is needed not only to open and close the door, but also to hold it in a level position without skewing.

general information

It must be understood that there are universal and detachable hinges. The main difference between them is that the former must be unscrewed when dismantling the door. Detachable hinges do not need to be removed, so you might think that they are more practical, and therefore preferable, but whether this is so, we will figure it out a little later.

Among other things, doors are classified according to the place of installation. They are entrance and interior. It is only logical that entrance door hinges are more durable and reliable. This is due to the fact that the entrance sheet has a lot of weight, and the interior sheet, as a rule, is small. However, the design of the door hinges may not differ. But there is a difference in them. Sometimes it makes sense to use entrance hinges for interior doors. This is done to improve the reliability of the structure.

Interior door hinges

If we are talking about canvases that open in both directions, then it is imperative to give preference to bar hinges. Structurally, they consist of several prefabricated parts, each of which is attached in a special way. It is advisable to make installation with at least some experience. This is due to the fact that such loops are not the cheapest.

The most interesting hinges for interior doors are hidden. It is quite difficult to put them on your own, due to their unusual design. When the door is closed, they unfold, and when opened, they are folded so that they are practically invisible. Of course, these are one of the most expensive door hinges, so it is better to entrust the installation to professionals. Such products are distinguished by their special quality and durability.

If the door opens in one direction, then it is not at all necessary to purchase expensive products. We will talk about which loops are suitable in most cases below.

Overhead awnings and mortise hinges

Well, now - about the simplest and most popular. Overhead awnings appeared a long time ago. Their design consists of only three elements - two plates and a pin. One of the plates - the one that is attached to the door leaf - is made elongated. The second, mounted on the door frame, has a small size. A key feature of overhead awnings: they are very clearly visible when the door is closed. This is due to the fact that such loops are simply applied and fixed with self-tapping screws. The installation of the described canopies does not imply preliminary dimensioning, cutting grooves, etc., therefore, the installation can be done by yourself.

The cut-in hinges are considered to be truly classic. It is these canopies that are usually divided into universal and removable. Any of the species is practically invisible behind closed doors. When buying, it is important to consider that mortise hinges are right and left. Therefore, first think about in which direction the canvas will open. Only then should the hinges be installed on the door. This will help avoid problems with its operation.

Hidden hinges for doors and everything about them

Hidden awnings have been developed relatively recently. Their design is rather complicated; it is a collectively working mechanism. The bottom line is that when closed, we see only the door. The canopy has three pivoting axles. The central one is movable, and the other two are rotary fixed. This makes the awnings versatile, so the canvas can be opened in both directions. But it is worth noting that it is almost impossible to install hidden hinges for doors with a small thickness. This is due to the need to create niches. They can compromise the rigidity of the structure.

As for the price, it is rather big. These are very expensive hinges, usually starting at $ 50. It is worth noting that they rarely break, especially if they are branded. Nevertheless, it hardly makes sense to install such awnings just because they are universal. If the installation of such loops helps to implement any design solution, then they make sense.

Screw hinges

The design of such loops is quite simple. The device consists of a single mechanism, which, in turn, is divided into two parts. Each of them has pins that are screwed into the door leaf and into the frame. The result is a complete connection. It should be noted that the number of pins may vary depending on the load limit. Two-, three- and four-pin hinges are currently available. The first option is ideal for light interior doors, while the latter is ideal for heavy entrance doors.

These are excellent quality and relatively inexpensive hinges. In addition, during installation, it becomes possible to adjust in three directions: height, horizontal and clamping surface. This allows you to install the door leaf into the frame as accurately as possible, and a reliable mechanism will make the structure durable.

Layout and installation

Before proceeding directly to the installation work, it is necessary to mark the door leaf. Moreover, it does not matter whether the hinge of the front door or the rear door will be installed. The markup is required. To do this, from the side of the end of the canvas, lay 20 cm from the top and bottom. From here, the markup will be done. It is worth drawing your attention to the fact that before this it is advisable to decide which way the door will open. In the process of marking, the hinges are applied to the door so that the hinges look at the front of the canvas.

Professionals use two types of markup. The first is the simplest and most popular, but less accurate. It consists in the fact that the hinge is applied to the door, and marks are made along its contour with a pencil. The second method is more time consuming. Its essence is that the loop is temporarily attached to two screws. Then cuts are made along the contour, after which, using a chisel, grooves are cut along the contour to the depth of the loop. This method provides maximum accuracy. In this case, the tailgate hinges are installed a little longer.

Installation of screw-in hinges

We have already figured out a little about the design and features of this type of hinge. But it is worth noting that for a smooth rotation and exact coincidence of the two halves of the part, it is necessary to install correctly. All stages of work, from marking to installation, must be carried out responsibly and efficiently. This is where it is desirable to use the more labor-intensive installation method that provides maximum accuracy. The main mistake of many is that the permissible loads are often exceeded. This may not appear immediately, but over time, a skew is already noticeable to the eye. The installation of hinges on the door should be carried out by specialists, but if you decide to do it yourself, then just be very careful, then everything will work out.

What will fit the front door?

It is easy to guess that a side door, for example, metal or thick wood, should be installed on strong hinges. In this case, it is hardly advisable to use two- or three-pin products. The best way out in this situation is to purchase overhead hinges. The bottom line is that due to the simplicity of the design, its quality is ensured. Installation is quite simple and quick. One side of the hinge is mounted directly into the tray, the other into the door leaf.

It is worth drawing your attention to the fact that it is highly undesirable to install non-cut hinges on the entrance doors. This is due to the fact that under heavy load they can deform. In addition, any thief will be delighted with such a decision, because there is nothing easier than dismantling such a canopy. You can make entrance doors with hidden hinges. It is, of course, expensive, but it looks impressive, and, most importantly, the reliability of the structure is ensured.

About glass door hinges

This option is somewhat different from all of the above. The fact is that glass door hinges are structurally different from classical ones. Firstly, the standard version of the door has an impressive weight - about 30-40 kilograms. Secondly, drilling is not always possible.

Hinges for glass doors are hinged (overhead, hidden). This solution is well suited for the "accordion" type construction or swing leaves. If the product has an impressive weight, then it is advisable to install a pair of four-hinge hinges. They can withstand high loads without deforming. Carousel loops (pendulum) are popular. Their key feature is that they allow the structure to rotate.

Conclusion

There is a huge variety of doors - wood, glass, metal, etc. For this reason, there is a large selection of hinges, ranging from elementary overhead structures to complex hidden ones. It should be noted that it is not always necessary to use expensive sheds. For example, it is better to put mortise hinges on the front door. They will be durable and reliable. True, you should take a responsible approach to the choice of material. It is desirable that the hinge does not rust and has a service life of about 50 years. It will be a little more expensive, but you will not need to check the condition of the product every year. As for the repair, it is carried out only with deformations.

Surely you will remember at least one shot from an American western, when a fearless cowboy enters the salon, and behind him the wooden doors are closed, swaying from side to side, back and forth.

Oddly enough, but the modern hospitality industry has not forgotten about this invention of mankind and is successfully using it to this day. And it is called "double-action swing loops."

Doors are often mounted on universal hinges. But there are times when their standard characteristics are not enough and a different operating mechanism is needed.

These include loops:

  • waybills (installed without tie-in);
  • pin (easily installed by screwing movements);
  • angular (having the functions of universal loops, differ from them only in shape);
  • hidden (used for hidden installation);
  • double-sided (allowing doors to open in both directions).

A two-piece hinge is an element of door hardware that has a spring base, thanks to which it can swing in both directions - back and forth.

Feature and function

Due to their reversible principle of operation, double-sided hinges are very popular in public places where there is a direct need for this function.

As a rule, a large flow of people in cafes, bars, as well as in certain parts of these establishments, for example, in latrines and in the kitchen, determines the need to install just such hinges for doors that open in both directions, thereby simplifying the movement of visitors and service personnel. In connection with this fact, loops of this kind are called bar loops.

Another use case for such fittings is the implementation of the design concept of a living room in a cowboy style. They blend very organically with country-style furnishings.

The swing door hinges can be fitted with either a single-section or a two-section door. Both options allow for convenient movement of people and are accompanied by the additional function of transporting small carts or serving tables, which is of value in the restaurant and hotel industry.

Advantages

Another advantage of the automatic forced closing of double-sided swing doors is their heat-saving function. Due to this, in the cold season, the room remains warm, despite the increased traffic of large streams of people.

The ergonomics of swing doors with double-sided hinges lies in the function of bringing them to automatic closing.

In simple terms, this means that a person passing through a door with a reversible hinge in both directions does not require force to close. It has a stopper and bearing, which allow it to be brought to its initial position smoothly and quietly.

In order for the wooden sash to open smoothly in both directions, the hinges for them must meet quality standards and be durable.

Therefore, the main material for their manufacture is galvanized stainless steel.

And in order for the hinges to fit into the interior, they are covered with spraying of different colors:

  • brass;
  • chromium;
  • gold;
  • nickel.

Maintenance of double-sided opening hinges

If your choice fell on installing the door leaf on two-section hinges, this means that you need to carefully approach the procedure for caring for them.

Care can be carried out with the help of a lubricant, which is suitable for machine oil, or with soft graphite, that is, with a pencil lead. To do this, one or both flaps should be lifted, with a pipette or similar tool, lubricate the door parts, or alternatively, put crushed graphite in the slot. Further, it is necessary to shake them several times in both directions in order to evenly distribute the lubricant over the mechanism.

The spring-loaded swinging parts of the doors are constantly subject to friction and drying out. In order for the swing wooden plate to function properly at all times, it must be subject to preventive lubrication. Such a procedure should take place at least twice a year, and with high traffic of people - every three months.

In the process of finishing an apartment or carrying out major repairs, sooner or later we come to the process of installing interior doors. The choice of doors is, of course, a crucial moment in decoration, as well as fittings such as door handles, but in this article we will not talk about doors, but about the fastening elements on which it is hung - door hinges.

Only at first glance it seems that the choice of hinges is a simple matter, but in reality everything is not so simple. The modern market can offer our attention a very wide variety of door hinges of all sizes, designs and appearance. In our article we will try to give you basic information about door hinges, their varieties, advantages and disadvantages.

What is a door hinge

Door hinge is a special device for attaching doors to the door frame, which ensures their reliable fastening, as well as the ability to open and close them. Hinges are very diverse. Below we give a classification of door hinges according to their design features.

Types of door hinges

Depending on the type of fastening to the door leaf and frame, the hinges are divided into screw-in and hinged ones. It is these two types that are used for modern doors, both entrance and interior.

Screw hinges

This type of hinge has appeared relatively recently, compared to classic hinged hinges. Fastening planes - the cards in these hinges are replaced by threaded rods, on which the hinge and, accordingly, the door are held.

To hang these loops under the rods, holes are drilled with a slightly smaller diameter than the rods, after which they are twisted into them. The main axis of the hinge is covered with a decorative cap. Moreover, in most of these hinges, the role of the cap is played by the hinge body itself, or, in extreme cases, the caps come with the hinges.
The advantage of this type of hinge is the ability to adjust them in relation to the door leaf and frame - according to the type of furniture. In this case, you can adjust the door clearance, both from the floor side and from the box side.

At the same time, this type of hinge can only be installed on relatively strong doors made of solid wood, well, or paneled doors with a solid frame. The weight of the door should not be more than 50 kg, since due to the design, the entire load falls on the hinge body and these bending loads. The nuance for these hinges is that the rods are screwed in with a hex wrench, although some of the hinges (the simplest ones) are not adjusted at all and are tightened with pliers or an adjustable wrench.

The disadvantage of this type of door hinge is that if your door is strongly recessed into the door frame (the plane of the door coincides with the side edge of the frame, then you cannot install these hinges and you will have to buy hinges.

Hanging hinges

Having started the story about hinged hinges, we note that they are unilateral- hinges are divided into right and left and universal - suitable for any occasion. One-sided hinges have one significant advantage. If it becomes necessary to dismantle the door, it can be easily removed together with the hinges, or rather their upper halves, since the one-sided hinges consist of two parts. Although if you install the platbands, it is far from the fact that you can remove it.

On the other hand, if you confuse the left and right hinges, you will have to go to the store again to change them for the ones you need. With this in mind, most people have been trying recently to apply universal hinges.

These door hinges will fit any door, no matter which way they open. This type of hinge has a symmetrical shape and there are two, three or four bearings on the rod of a good quality hinge. The heavier the door, the larger the hinge should be and the larger the bearings, respectively. Due to the bearings, the service life of the universal hinges much more and the doors open easier and softer. This type of hinge is available in sizes 100 mm and 125 mm.

There are no bearings in cheap door hinges and they are used mainly for doors of various household premises or doors of sheds and garages.

Universal hinges are divided into mortise and waybills... For the first type, it is necessary to select wood in the door leaf and door frame for the thickness of the hinge. There is no need to do this for a patch buttonhole. Due to their design, these hinges can simply be screwed directly onto the door and frame.

Overhead loops are also called "lazy" or "butterflies". The first name came from a simplified installation, and the second from an intricate design, reminiscent of a butterfly's wing.

Hidden hinges

Some people want to hide the hinges as much as possible so that nothing interferes with enjoying the magnificent view of the doors. For these purposes, they are suitable special hiding of the hinge, which do not have a main axis. The hidden hinges have a special mechanism that folds completely inside the hinge when the door is opened.

In terms of installing this type of door hinge, of course, it becomes necessary to sample a sufficiently large amount of wood for them, so they are not very popular.

Particularly discerning citizens can install doors in door frames and a quarter. It may look prettier, but regular hinges will no longer work. In this case, it is necessary to use hinges, the cards of which are curved at 90 degrees. If you need these loops, they are called corner hinges for doors with a quarter... Due to the bending of the card, the unfolded loop has a much smaller geometric size.

What loops are made of

In this section, we will try to talk about what material the loops are made of, as well as their advantages and disadvantages associated with it.

1. Brass hinges... This type of hinge is found quite often, since brass does not lend itself to rust, the metal is plastic and easy to process. They are usually polished during the production process to make them shine.

2. Zinc or steel alloy hinges... These hinges are only covered with brass on top in order to prevent metal corrosion and better metal sliding. Sometimes they are covered with enamel of various colors or compounds imitating gold, chrome, etc. They are the cheapest of the entire range of door hinges.

3.Steel hinges... They are the most expensive in terms of price, but the quality is beyond doubt (meaning stainless steel hinges for interior doors). Due to the good strength of the material, steel hinges can be called "eternal", unless, of course, unnecessarily heavy doors not provided for by the structure are hung on them. Like other hinges, they can have different coatings that usually imitate different metals (chrome, gold, silver, etc.). Of course, all of the above applies to steel hinges for interior or entrance doors.

If you buy cheap steel hinges without anti-corrosion coating, which are enough on sale, then when exposed to moisture, including from the air, they will quickly begin to rust. They are usually purchased for shed doors, utility rooms, attics doors, etc., since they are distinguished by a low price and do not require special beauty. Nevertheless, we recommend applying paint and varnish to them immediately after installing them, and periodically lubricating them with grease or lithol.


Door hinges are the simplest mechanisms by which the door leaf is attached to the door frame. Currently, there are split and universal hinges. Detachable hinges are two parts of the mechanism, fastened together with a special pin. You can remove the door from such hinges without unscrewing the device. The universal hinge is one-piece. A distinctive feature of the universal mechanism is the ability of the hinge to withstand a heavier load. However, to remove the door, you will need to unscrew the hinge itself.

Scope of universal hinges

One-piece universal hinges can be installed on entrance or interior doors, furniture doors, bar sashes, and so on. It is not recommended to use one-piece hinges in rooms where it is often necessary to remove the door to move bulky goods (for example, furniture) and carry out repair work, since the constant unscrewing of the mechanism contributes to rapid wear and damage.

The universal hinges are equipped with bearings that ensure quiet and easy door opening. The number of bearings depends on the hinge size.

Types of universal hinges

Universal door hinges can be classified according to several criteria:

  1. by the method of fastening the mechanism to the door;
  2. by the material from which the devices are made.

Types of hinges, differing in the method of fastening

Universal hinges for doors, depending on the installation method, are:

  • Overhead or card.

Surface-mounted or card-based universal hinges are easy to install. However, it is not recommended to use such a mechanism for fastening heavy doors, since the safety margin of the hinge, as a rule, does not exceed 50 kg.
A type of overhead loop is a butterfly loop.

  • Mortise.

Mortise hinges require more careful and accurate installation. The advantage of such devices is a long period of operation and the possibility of a higher load.

  • Screw-in.

Depending on the weight of the door, the number of pins of the device, which are the fastening elements of the hinge, changes. For the heaviest doors, a hinge with four pins on each side is used. The advantage of the hinges is that they can be adjusted in different directions.

  • Hidden.

The principle of operation of the device is based on folding and expanding. When the door is closed, the hinge is not visible, which is why it is called hidden.

A type of hidden hinge is a bar hinge that allows the door to open both inward and outward.

For heavy doors, mortise hinges are used. For other types of doors, hinges should be followed, based on the weight of the structure and aesthetic preferences.

Materials used for the manufacture of universal hinges

For the production of door hinges can be used:

  • brass. Brass fittings are distinguished by a high price and high quality. Brass hinges are virtually unaffected by the environment. The brass coating helps to protect the product from corrosion and gives the finished product a beautiful look;
  • steel. Steel hinges are less expensive than brass hinges, but they also have a lower margin of safety;
  • stainless steel. A big drawback of stainless steel products is the lack of a choice of colors. However, this disadvantage is offset by the low cost and strong wear resistance.

If the hinges are supposed to be located on the doors leading to the street, then it is recommended to purchase stainless steel or brass products. For interior doors, you can use hinges made of any material.

Hinge selection

The selection of the size and number of loops should be made based on the following table.

How to install different types of hinges

Installation of universal hinges is not a job that requires the involvement of specialists. Only hidden types of loops can cause difficulties.

Installation of a cover hinge

The universal overhead hinge is installed using a screwdriver or a screwdriver and a drill:

  1. at the first stage, the markup is made for mounting the device. The places on which the hinge will subsequently be fixed are marked on the door leaf and frame;
  2. a drill drills holes for fasteners, as a rule, available in the hinge kit;
  3. with a screwdriver or other device (screwdriver), the hinge is attached first to the door leaf, and then to the jamb.

A universal hinge without a tie-in is installed within 5 - 10 minutes. However, it will be quite difficult for one person to carry out all the work. It is more advisable to resort to the help of a second person when installing the loop.

Mounting the cut-in hinge

The insertion of universal hinges takes place according to the following scheme:

  1. a place is marked for future installation;
  2. a chisel removes a layer of the door leaf and frame, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the hinge;
  3. using a drill, holes are drilled for fasteners;
  4. the hinge is recessed into the prepared niche and screwed on with the self-tapping screws provided in the kit.

It is also recommended to carry out work on the installation of the mortise hinge in conjunction with a partner.

Installation of a screw-in hinge

Installation of screw-in hinges, as in the previous cases, begins with marking. This stage must be given maximum attention, since the performance of the structure after installation depends on the correct marking.

  1. holes for pins are drilled in the marked area (on the door and frame);
  2. screw the pins start from the door frame, and then screw it to the door leaf;
  3. the final adjustment of the loop is made;
  4. the holes are closed with decorative caps.

Installation of a hidden hinge

Concealed hinges are installed in a similar cut-in hinge pattern. The main difference is that a deep niche is made under the hidden loop, and not a superficial one. The hidden hinge itself is located inside the door.

Universal hinges are suitable for almost all doors: entrance, interior, furniture. The hinges are installed according to the exact preliminary marking. It is more convenient to carry out work on self-installation of the hinge with a partner.