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The consequences of medical termination of pregnancy in the early. Artificial abortion. Surgical and non-surgical methods of abortion. Stages of pharmacological abortion

Medical termination of pregnancy is the most modern and least traumatic way to terminate a pregnancy. Unfortunately, due to poor ecology, as well as the difficult economic situation, many women are forced to make a difficult decision to terminate their pregnancy. Whatever the reasons that influenced this decision, it is important to choose the safest way to terminate a pregnancy, a way that will not entail undesirable consequences and all sorts of complications.

This article will talk in detail about non-surgical abortion, which can be performed in early pregnancy with the help of medical (chemical) drugs. Although this procedure does not require surgical intervention, it must be carried out under the full supervision of a gynecologist.

Having studied the reviews of patients who used this procedure, it can be said with confidence that for the majority of women it passed without consequences and complications. There was a pain effect that each woman endured in her own way, some even needed anesthesia.

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The mechanism of the procedure

Mifepreston is the main active ingredient in drugs intended for medical abortion. This substance affects the female hormone progesterone, which is produced in large quantities in the female body for a successful pregnancy. Under the influence of mifeprestone, the effect of progesterone is blocked and the process of detachment of the embryonic egg attached to the wall of the uterus begins.

Prostaglandin drugs, given simultaneously, cause strong uterine contractions, as a result of which the embryonic egg is rejected and thrown out of the uterus. In the process of an artificially induced miscarriage, bleeding occurs, which is slightly more intense than menstruation.

When the effect of the procedure is maximum

Medical termination of pregnancy is more than 95% effective, provided that this procedure is carried out in a timely manner. Timely treatment is considered to be from the first to 42 days from the moment of the delay of menstruation. True, the closer to the 6th week of pregnancy, the expected effect decreases. At the 6th week of pregnancy, the procedure can lead to a partial abortion, so it is better not to delay and make a decision early enough.

Features and benefits of medical abortion

Pills that terminate pregnancy are the best way, which has several advantages over surgical abortion.

Key benefits of medical abortion:

  • It has more than 95% effectiveness in the early stages up to 6 weeks of pregnancy.
  • Surgical intervention is not required. It is enough to take pills with mifepristone under the supervision of a gynecologist, and then take the drugs prescribed by the doctor for several days.
  • The procedure completely eliminates the mechanical impact on the walls of the uterus, there is no risk of damaging this important organ for every woman.
  • No anesthesia is given during the procedure.
  • Complications after this procedure are extremely rare.

Taking medications, in particular tablets containing mifeprestone, reactions and consequences such as nausea, severe spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes vomiting, chills and a short-term increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C can be observed. As a consequence of exposure to prostaglandins, diarrhea may occur. If any of the above reactions occur, you should not worry too much. These manifestations are most often temporary and pass quickly.

Contraindications

There are a number of contraindications. Taking medications of this group is contraindicated in patients who have:

  • gestational age more than 6 weeks;
  • if an ectopic pregnancy is suspected;
  • if pregnancy occurred during the use of intrauterine contraception;
  • renal and hepatic insufficiency (acute and chronic);
  • the presence of inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract;
  • inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs of a woman;
  • with anemia;
  • with uterine myoma;
  • with porphyria;
  • after a long course of treatment with corticosteroid drugs;
  • intolerance to mifeprestone;
  • with violations of hemostasis.
  • when breastfeeding (lactation must be interrupted for 14 days);
  • for women who smoke, over the age of 35;
  • with hypertension;
  • in the presence of scars on the uterus.

Permission to carry out this procedure can only be given by a gynecologist after a thorough examination of the woman. Before making a final decision in favor of an abortion, it is worth weighing everything, clearly understanding what the consequences and complications after an abortion can be.

Stages

A woman who thinks she is pregnant goes to her doctor. At the doctor's appointment, she is given a complete diagnosis. A visit to the gynecologist will confirm or deny pregnancy. When diagnosing pregnancy, the doctor determines the expected duration of pregnancy, detects an ectopic pregnancy, contraindications for childbirth.

In the event that a woman has no contraindications for childbirth, but pregnancy was not included in her plans, the doctor gives time to think.

If a woman is determined to terminate the pregnancy, even after learning about the consequences and complications after an abortion, the doctor determines whether there are contraindications to this procedure.

The procedure for medical termination of pregnancy takes place in several stages.

Stage 1

Tablets containing mifepristone are taken, the dose is 600 mg (3 tablets). The patient is under the full control of the doctor throughout the first stage. How long the first stage takes depends on the individual reaction of the female body to the drugs prescribed by the doctor. Having studied the reviews of patients who have chosen the tablet method of abortion, we learn that the first stage takes 2-6 hours. During this period, women begin to feel spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen, blood discharge from the reproductive organs appears. This is a normal reaction of the body to tablets with mifepristone. There is a rejection of the fetal egg.

After the first stage, the woman receives further instructions and medications to prepare her for the second stage of the procedure.

Stage 2

The stage begins 36-48 hours after the first tablet intake. The patient at this stage no longer goes to the doctor, it is enough to take the pills at home that the doctor gave her at the end of the first stage of the abortion. Prostaglandin drugs such as misoprostol cause the walls of the uterus to contract, thereby expelling (pushing) the fertilized egg out of the uterus.

On the day of the second stage, you should be careful, as there are abundant spotting from the genital tract. The pain syndrome is pronounced, in some cases tablets with an analgesic effect are shown. The reaction of the body to the drug can be anything. It is recommended to take a comfortable position, lightly massaging the pain points, distract yourself with something pleasant (music, film, book).

It is very important to use only certified drugs for this painful and rather dangerous procedure, because the life and health of the patient are at stake. In the early stages, the procedure is most effective and has fewer risks and consequences. The process of rejection is easier, the pain shock is less pronounced.

Patient's actions after the procedure

3 days after the second stage, the patient needs to visit her doctor again. This time, the gynecologist carefully examines the patient and determines whether the remnants of the fetal egg remain in the uterine cavity, whether the pills have worked, and whether there has been a complete rejection. To prevent undesirable consequences of medical abortion and prevent complications, a primary control ultrasound is done. If the remains of the fetal egg are found in the uterus, the gynecologist thinks over his next steps.

One to two weeks after the initial follow-up examination, a second examination is carried out. The gynecologist again makes an ultrasound and checks what effect was achieved by taking pills for medical termination of early pregnancy. If necessary, to confirm that the abortion actually occurred, check the level of hCG.

In the early stages, the procedure is more than 98% successful, which cannot be said about the later periods, when the pregnancy is more than 6 weeks old! How many cases of incomplete abortion occur as a result of late visits to the doctor! If this still happens, then the question will already be about conducting vacuum aspiration.

After medical termination of pregnancy for some time, a woman should take precautions, use contraceptives. How many cases of re-pregnancy are observed even before the onset of menstruation!

After the procedure, for several weeks, a patient who decides to have a medical abortion will be contraindicated in alcohol, baths, saunas, swimming pools, and sexual relations.

The preservation of the reproductive health of a woman provides for the gentle conduct of all gynecological procedures. This also applies to abortion. It is known that the earlier the procedure is carried out, the less dangerous the complications. It is optimal to completely abandon this manipulation, but this is not always possible. Therefore, it is recommended to perform an abortion with the help of medications with a short gestational age.

What is a medical method?

The replacement of a surgical instrument and a vacuum aspirator with hormonal preparations made it possible to develop a method for pharmacological abortion. This is a non-invasive procedure for getting rid of early pregnancy, which proceeds according to the spontaneous type.

Its benefits are related to the following factors:

  • efficiency 98-99%;
  • no possibility of injury to the uterus or cervix during surgical procedures;
  • low risk of ascending infection;
  • there is no danger of getting HIV, hepatitis;
  • there are no risks caused by anesthesia;
  • can be used in primigravida, the impact on women's health is minimal;
  • low level of stress, does not create a traumatic situation.

The procedure does not require a long stay in a hospital. After the patient has taken drugs that cause medical abortion, bleeding can be expected at home. But self-administration of medicines without a doctor is impossible.

Which is better, vacuum abortion or medical?

This is decided individually. But the complications and degree of intervention in the body with vacuum aspiration are much higher.

How is the time for an abortion determined?

The terms for medical abortion are determined by the protocol of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 10/14/21015. They recorded that it is possible to carry out a violation of gestation up to 63 days, or the 9th week. But in world practice there are differences in how long this manipulation can be done. In developed countries, the term is 49 days, or 7 weeks of pregnancy.

Why is such a period defined for pharmacological interruption?

At the 5th week of pregnancy, the embryo begins to acquire human features, the rudiments of many organs, the umbilical cord, appear. At week 6, the placenta begins to form, the internal organs continue to develop. At week 8, the embryo is already quite human in appearance, it passes into the fetal stage. After this period, the formation of placental vessels occurs, so medical abortion can cause heavy bleeding.

In Russia, the following drugs for medical abortion are registered and used:

  1. mifepristone 200 mg.
  2. Misoprostol 200 mcg.

Pharmacological abortion can be used if the gestational age corresponds to the permitted protocol. The main condition for the successful completion of the procedure is the day of pregnancy and the presence of an embryo inside the uterus according to the results of ultrasound. After a caesarean section, the drug method is preferable to.

Preparation for the procedure

At the first visit to the gynecologist, you need to conduct a general examination, a bimanual examination on the chair and in the mirrors, swabs are taken from the vagina. It also measures blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate. Next, the woman is sent for an ultrasound scan to determine the exact day of gestation, the condition of the uterus, the fetal egg.

Referrals for blood, urine, glucose, ECG tests are given. A coagulogram is prescribed if there was a history of problems with the blood coagulation system. Additional examination methods may be needed, the need for which is determined by the doctor.

Execution Method

When visiting the obstetrician-gynecologist again, the patient signs a consent to perform an artificial abortion using pharmacological preparations. How medical abortion works is determined by the clinical protocol.

With a gestation period of up to 63 days, 200 mg of Mifepristone is used, which a woman drinks with a doctor. Within 1-2 hours, a doctor's supervision is necessary, after which you can go home.

If the period is 49 days, on the next visit after 24-48 hours, take 200 micrograms of misoprostol. During pregnancy 50-63 days, 800 mcg of the drug is used. This medication should be placed under the tongue, behind the cheek, or deep in the vagina. With the last method of administration, it is necessary to lie down for 30 minutes. The patient should be observed for 3-4 hours. During this period, most begin to bleed. If this does not happen, the Misoprostol 400 mcg tablet is repeated to achieve the result.

Signs of abortion are identical to spontaneous miscarriage. A woman feels a cramping pain in her stomach, menstrual-like discharge appears.

How long does the bleeding last?

In most women, it is expressed and lasts 7-9 days. Blood discharge after the procedure is rarely observed until the next menstruation. If the manipulation is carried out for a period of 3-4 weeks, then bleeding is not much different from menstruation. With an increase in the period, the release of blood increases, sometimes the use of hemostatic therapy may be required.

After 14 days, you need to come for a follow-up examination. This is necessary to confirm the completed interruption. If there was an unsuccessful medical abortion, then aspiration from the uterus is prescribed.

Contraindications

The above medications have serious side effects. Despite the high degree of safety, there are certain contraindications to medical abortion:

  • gestational age exceeds 63 days;
  • diagnosed;
  • large fibroids that change the internal cavity of the uterus;
  • infectious diseases of the genital organs in the acute period;
  • anemia with hemoglobin less than 100 g/l;
  • porphyria - a disease associated with a violation of the metabolism of the constituent hemoglobin pigment;
  • bleeding disorders, as well as taking anticoagulants;
  • individual intolerance to one of the drugs;
  • insufficiency of the adrenal cortex or long-term use of glucocorticoids;
  • diseases of the liver and kidneys, which are accompanied by acute or chronic insufficiency;
  • severe diseases of other organs;
  • extreme exhaustion;
  • smoking at the age of a woman over 35;
  • arterial hypertension;
  • bronchial asthma;
  • glaucoma;
  • diabetes mellitus and other diseases of the endocrine system;
  • hormonally active tumors;
  • lactation period;
  • pregnancy with or after taking oral contraceptives.

According to the WHO recommendation, interruption with the use of mifepristone is possible up to 22 weeks, but the severity of bleeding increases in parallel with the term. In this case, for the duration of the procedure, the patient is hospitalized in a hospital, where there is a deployed operating room and it is possible to provide emergency surgical care.

Fibromyoma threatens to develop bleeding, but if the size of the largest node is up to 4 cm and they do not change the uterine cavity, then you can resort to the pharmacological method.

Anemia is also a relative contraindication. The consequences of medical abortion can be manifested in a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin: bleeding after taking medication exceeds the volume and duration of the menstrual period.

Violations of hemostasis are important for the volume and duration of blood loss. If, shortly before the manipulation, a woman was treated with anticoagulants, then an increase in blood clotting time will lead to more profuse bleeding. Smoking women over 35 years of age are at risk of earning thrombosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, in order to exclude complications, a consultation with a therapist is carried out.

The use of oral contraceptives for a long time before the onset of pregnancy also affects the hemostasis system. But this contraindication is relative. If the results of the coagulogram do not reveal pathological abnormalities, then this method of interruption can be used.

If the pregnancy occurred against the background of the installed IUD, then it is removed before the procedure. Further tactics do not differ from the standards.

Infection of the genital organs is a pathology that requires appropriate therapy, which should not be delayed. Medical abortion does not promote ascending infection, and acute infection can be treated concurrently.

Mifepristone and misoprostol pass into breast milk. If there is a need to interrupt breastfeeding, then you need to express milk up to 5 days after taking misoprostol. The child at this time is transferred to artificial feeding.

Bronchial asthma, high blood pressure and glaucoma are diseases that respond to prostaglandins. Therefore, in these pathologies, the use of misoprostol is contraindicated.

In addition, the contraindications for each drug should be taken into account. For the most part, they are the same as above. You can only supplement the careful use of misoprostol in patients with epilepsy, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, coronary heart disease.

Possible Complications

Despite the small number of complications, it is possible to determine the dangers of medical abortion. In 85% of cases, adverse reactions in the form of abdominal pain and bleeding are moderate, no special treatment is required.

In other cases, manipulation can lead to the following complications:

  • severe pain syndrome;
  • profuse bleeding;
  • temperature;
  • incomplete abortion;
  • progressive pregnancy.

Pain in the lower abdomen is observed during the expulsion of the products of abortion. Its intensity can be different, but the individual tolerance threshold also matters. To reduce the pain syndrome, Analgin, Drotaverin are used. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends Ibuprofen for pain relief. If the chest hurts after an abortion, this may be due to a high level, which increases with the progression of pregnancy. This symptom goes away on its own.

Bleeding is considered significant if two pads have to be changed in an hour, and this condition is observed for at least 2 hours. In this case, vacuum aspiration of the contents of the uterus is indicated in order to stop it. In severe cases, surgical cleaning is performed.

In 2-5% of cases, the abortion is incomplete. Then it is also necessary to perform vacuum aspiration or curettage of the uterine cavity. Less than 1% of cases end with progression of pregnancy. If a woman insists on an abortion, then invasive methods are used. Those who have changed their mind should be informed about the possible teratogenic effect of drugs on the fetus. But there is not enough data to confirm this fact.

Taking drugs can cause a slight increase in temperature, but it lasts no more than 2 hours. If the fever lasts 4 or more hours or occurs a day after taking misoprostol, this indicates the development of an infectious process. A woman with these symptoms should see a doctor.

Infectious complications are not typical for pharmacological abortion. But there is a group of people who have an increased risk of infectious complications:

  • , established by smear;
  • patients with a sexually transmitted infection up to 12 months ago, but there is no laboratory confirmation of its cure;
  • patients diagnosed;
  • women with many sexual partners or low socioeconomic status.

Other complications in the form of dyspeptic symptoms may be a sign of pregnancy itself. Allergic reactions require treatment with antihistamines.

Recovery period

After taking Mifepristone and Misoprostol, there is no failure of the menstrual cycle. But it is difficult to predict when and how long menstruation after a medical abortion begins. The duration of the procedure matters, after an earlier interruption, the recovery of the cycle is faster.

The first menstruation can begin in 30-50 days. But the abortion does not affect the onset, therefore, in the first cycle, a new fertilization is possible. To avoid this, immediately after the procedure, the doctor prescribes combined oral contraceptives. It can be such means as Yarina, Regulon, Rigevidon, Novinet, Lindnet, Jess. The selection of the drug occurs individually.

Protects against unwanted pregnancy in 99% of cases. A positive effect is the regulation and restoration of the menstrual cycle. The minimum period for such contraception is 3 months, but you need to wait for the body to fully recover in order to decide when you can become pregnant. Usually this period is not less than 6 months.

If pregnancy occurs earlier, then this threatens with such complications as:

  • threat of interruption;
  • ectopic pregnancy;
  • anemia in women.

The advice of doctors on how to restore the body after a medical abortion is as follows:

  • start taking oral contraceptives early;
  • avoid overheating and hypothermia in the first month after the procedure;
  • do not visit the sauna, swimming pool, do not swim in open water;
  • do not take a hot bath, take a shower instead;
  • monitor your health, in the season of colds, avoid crowds of people so as not to get infected;
  • nutrition should be balanced, with sufficient protein and vitamins;
  • completely give up alcohol, eliminate smoking;
  • at first, physical activity should be limited. Those who are heavily involved in sports or fitness should temporarily refuse to visit the gym;
  • limit stressful situations and emotional overstrain.

Sex life after medical abortion is possible after the end of the first menstruation. The uterus after an artificial miscarriage is an extensive wound surface with a nutrient medium for microorganisms. Sexual contact is always a risk of infection. In addition, active frictions can cause discomfort or lead to the resumption of bleeding.

Physiotherapy has a positive effect on the recovery process. The choice of a specific method of exposure must be agreed with the attending physician, because. this method of treatment also has contraindications.

If the restoration of the menstrual cycle did not occur within 2 months, you should consult a doctor for an examination and search for the causes of hormonal failure. Unpleasant sensations in the mammary glands, which began to prepare for lactation, may also be disturbing. Therefore, in some cases, a consultation with a mammologist is recommended.

Despite the many positive aspects, honeyboring is not an ideal method. Any intervention in the internal environment can lead to unpleasant consequences. To avoid them, it is necessary to approach the issues and family planning correctly, and not solve the problem after it appears.

The consequences of medical abortion are less dangerous than surgical ones, but in the absence of qualified assistance, they can lead to infertility and even death. It is not difficult to take pills, however, despite the external simplicity of the procedure, it causes serious changes in the body: a large dose of hormones affects the reproductive system, disrupts the natural processes of preparing for bearing a fetus.

Vomit

This complication develops in about 44% of women with oral misoprostol, and in 31% with intravaginal misoprostol. Studies also confirm that the frequency of vomiting is affected by the interval between taking a hormonal drug (Mifepristone) and a prostaglandin (Misoprostol). The likelihood of this symptom is lower if the gap is 7-8 hours than with a daily break.

Nausea

This symptom is more common than other gastrointestinal disorders in medical abortion. It has not been fully established what exactly it is caused by: exposure to drugs or termination of pregnancy.

However, there is a trend that nausea is more pronounced with a high dose of misoprostol (a prostaglandin), its rapid intake and a gestational age of 6-7 weeks. If vomiting occurs, it is necessary to inform the doctor about it. You may need to take the pills again.

Allergy

Allergic reactions as a consequence of medical abortion can develop to the components of any of the drugs taken. Most often it is a rash or hives. Severe manifestations, such as Quincke's edema, respiratory disorders, are extremely rare. To avoid this complication, after taking the medication, you should stay in a medical facility (clinic) for at least a few hours.

Diarrhea

Stool disorders develop in about 36% of women with oral misoprostol and in 18% with intravaginal misoprostol. The symptom may be of varying severity. The effectiveness of taking antidiarrheal drugs in such cases has not been proven. The diarrhea usually stops on its own after a few hours.

Severe abdominal pain

This symptom is caused by spasm of the muscles of the uterus, which is part of the mechanism of action of the hormonal drug. It is observed in 96% of women and is considered the norm. The severity of pain can vary from mild to unbearable. The symptom begins to increase rapidly 30-50 minutes after taking misoprostol and most often disappears after the completion of the abortion. There is a tendency that the shorter the gestational age, the easier the pain.

To eliminate it, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen) are used, in severe cases - narcotic painkillers (Codeine, Oxycodone).

convulsions

Appear approximately 1.5-3 hours after taking misoprostol. Most often localized in the groin area. Subside after the completion of the abortion. A warm heating pad can be used to reduce pain.

All of the above complications do not require special treatment and most often go away on their own after the abortion is completed. With their strong severity, symptomatic agents are used.

Medium-term consequences and complications

Medium-term effects occur within a few weeks of medical abortion.

Bleeding

This symptom appears in the early period, some time after taking the pills. If bleeding in volume corresponds to menstrual bleeding (no more than 1-2 pads per hour), lasts 7-14 days and gradually decreases, then there is no cause for concern - this is not a complication, but a normal process.

In some cases, women note discharge for up to 30 days, but they are spotting, not accompanied by pain or other symptoms. If the bleeding is profuse (2-3 or more pads per hour), prolonged and / or accompanied by pain, then you should immediately inform the doctor about this. This complication is rare and develops against the background of an incomplete abortion or infection.

The longer the pregnancy, the higher the risk of pathological bleeding. In 0.4% of cases, blood transfusion is performed, in 2.6% - suction curettage. Without timely medical assistance, a lethal outcome is not ruled out.

Continuing pregnancy or incomplete abortion

In 1-4% of cases, the fetal egg is not expelled from the uterus or does not come out completely. This can happen for several reasons: the dose of the drug is incorrectly calculated, the timing of the procedure is too late, there are hormonal disorders or inflammatory processes in the woman's body.

Such consequences of the consequences after medical termination of pregnancy are accompanied by prolonged and non-decreasing bleeding, pulling or cramping pains in the lower abdomen, fever, and fever. You can’t cope with them on your own, hemostatic drugs will not help.

Requires an ultrasound and follow-up. If this is not done, then in the event of an incomplete abortion, the remains of the fetal egg will lead to the spread of infection, general blood poisoning and death. If the pregnancy continues to develop, then the risk of having a child with serious malformations is high.

Pain in the lower abdomen

Normally, spasms in the uterus gradually disappear after the completion of the abortion. If the pain continues, then this may be a sign of infection, incomplete termination of pregnancy. Such a symptom requires examination by a gynecologist and ultrasound.

Headaches and dizziness

These consequences of medical abortion develop in 20% of women. As a rule, the cause is a large loss of blood. Weakness, lowering of arterial pressure, pre-fainting state are also observed.

If dizziness is accompanied by bleeding, then medical attention is needed. In another case, you can take an analgesic, rest more often, change the position of the body gradually.

Long-term effects and complications

Long-term effects of medical termination of pregnancy are rare, but the most difficult to treat. They appear after several months and even years.

Menstrual irregularities

If menstruation started on time (counting from the date of abortion) or delayed by 7-10 days, this is a sign that the reproductive and endocrine systems have recovered. About 10-15% of women note that in the first few cycles, menstruation is more painful and plentiful, but soon becomes the same as before.

A complication will be indicated by a delay of more than 40 days or heavy periods, accompanied by cramping intense pain, fever, deterioration in general well-being.

In the first case, either a re-occurrence of pregnancy is possible (this happens already 2 weeks after an abortion), or a violation in the work of the ovaries. It is necessary to consult a doctor, he will establish the cause and prescribe the necessary procedures. Oral contraceptives are often used to restore hormonal levels.

If the periods are very plentiful, with severe pain and a rise in temperature, then it is possible that particles of the fetal egg have remained in the uterus and / or an infection has developed.

After a doctor's examination and ultrasound, curettage is performed and antibiotics are prescribed.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases

They develop after medical abortion as an exacerbation of chronic forms or due to the remaining particles of the fetal egg. If a woman had latent, sluggish infectious and inflammatory processes before the abortion (salpingitis, gonorrhea, etc.), then after the interruption procedure they may begin to progress.

This is manifested by pain in the lower abdomen, discharge with an unpleasant odor and a greenish color, purulent impurities, fever. After laboratory diagnosis, the doctor prescribes antibiotics, most often in a hospital setting.

Infertility

The causes of this severe consequences are hormonal disorders or inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages.

In the first case, the balance of male and female sex hormones is disturbed, as a result of which the process of fertilization of the egg and its attachment to the uterine wall is hampered.

Inflammatory processes can lead to the formation of adhesions, narrowing of the lumen of the fallopian tubes. This prevents the transfer of the egg to the uterus.

Changes in emotional state, character

Sometimes hormonal failure and the abortion procedure itself are reflected in the characteristics of the woman's psyche. She may become overly irritable, aggressive, or whiny, depressed, lethargic.

At first, such reactions are observed only in difficult situations, for example, during or after a quarrel. But soon they become total, arise without external causes.

To fix the problem, you need to see a doctor: a psychiatrist or psychotherapist, consult a psychologist.

Medical abortion and its consequences are still being studied. Studies confirm that the earlier the abortion procedure was performed, the lower the risk of complications.

The most common among them are bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen, infection. The consequences are associated with hormonal disorders and the risk of incomplete release of the fetal egg. There may be failures of the menstrual cycle, the development of inflammation, infertility.

Useful video about medical abortion

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Life systematically presents us with various surprises. And far from always they are pleasant, and some of them are even perceived as a disaster. This is the same with unplanned pregnancies. It can happen to every woman who is sexually active. After all, not a single contraceptive provides one hundred percent protection against the onset of conception, with the exception of complete abstinence. And many women, having seen two stripes on the test, are faced with a difficult choice: terminate the pregnancy or give birth to a completely unwanted child. And in some cases, it is necessary to make a decision to conduct a medical termination of pregnancy in the early stages. Let's talk about what drugs can be used for this, and what are the possible consequences after medical abortion.

Medical abortion is considered the safest method of terminating a pregnancy. Such medical manipulation is carried out without surgical intervention and is carried out exclusively in the early stages of pregnancy. Interruption in this case occurs due to oral administration of drugs (through the mouth inside).

When is medical abortion performed?

This kind of abortion can only be carried out in the period up to six weeks of pregnancy. At the same time, the earlier it is carried out, the safer it is for the female body and the less negative consequences for the woman's health may occur.

This limited time is due to the fact that at an early stage of pregnancy, the fetal egg is still attached to the uterine walls. In addition, hormonal changes in the body are just beginning, and psychologically, the woman does not yet have time to realize the change in her position.

What drugs are used for medical termination of pregnancy?

Medical abortion does not require the use of anesthesia and surgical instruments. To achieve the desired result, only drugs represented by mifepristone (Mifegin or Mifeprex preparations), as well as prostaglandin analogues (usually Misoprostol) are used.

The first active substance is an inhibitor of the hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy, progesterone. Mifepristone stops the growth of the endometrium, and makes the uterus especially sensitive to oxytocin and other substances that activate the contraction of the myometrium and stimulate the rejection of the fetal egg.

As for prostaglandins, drugs of this type further increase uterine contractility and effectively complement the abortive properties of mifepristone.

The consumption of the described drugs by a woman is carried out exclusively in the presence of a gynecologist. Mifepristone is usually taken at the first dose and misoprostol thirty-six to forty-eight hours later. In the first few hours after this, the woman also needs to be in a medical facility, which allows timely diagnosis of possible complications of the procedure.

How is a medical abortion performed?

Termination of pregnancy after taking medication is carried out according to the type of menstruation, in some cases more abundant and more painful. In most patients, it occurs shortly after taking misoprostol.

With regard to the effectiveness of medical abortion, then on average it is 95%. And for those women who fall into the remaining five percent, they can carry out subsequent vacuum aspiration or even curettage of the uterine cavity.

Further management of the patient after taking abortive drugs

Two weeks after taking the last drug, a woman must be required to attend a gynecological examination and undergo an ultrasound examination. Such diagnostic methods will allow you to check how successful the medical termination of pregnancy was. If necessary, the doctor may also prescribe tests to determine the level of human chorionic gonadotropin.

The consequences of medical termination of pregnancy in the early stages

Despite the fact that this method of abortion is considered the least traumatic, it can still lead to a number of complications and negative consequences for the female body.

So medical abortion can provoke severe uterine bleeding. Also, a woman may develop a hematometra - in this condition, there is an accumulation of blood clots in the uterine cavity. In some cases, doctors fix an incomplete abortion. In addition, the above drugs can cause allergic reactions of varying severity.

Medical abortion can be accompanied by intense pain in the abdomen, and it sometimes causes nausea and vomiting, or provokes an increase in blood pressure.

Among other things, you need to remember that such an abortion (like any other) causes an imbalance in hormones. The hormonal background of a woman is disturbed. This in the long term is fraught with the occurrence of mastopathy, causes menstrual irregularities, the formation of cysts and other hormone-dependent pathological conditions. It also increases the risk of infertility.

Thus, medical abortion should not be considered as an absolutely safe and harmless event. And no specialist can guarantee that it will pass without negative health consequences.

Additional Information

Patients who have undergone medical abortion may benefit from traditional medicine. So, to stop bleeding as soon as possible or to reduce its severity, you can take medicines based on nettle and other medicinal plants.

To prepare one of them, it is worth taking the common yarrow plant (10 grams of a leaf), five grams of the evading peony root, the forgotten kopeechnik and the medicinal burnet, and also add the stinging nettle plant (there are leaves in the amount of 10 grams). Grind all the ingredients well and mix them together. Brew two grams of the finished collection with one glass of only boiled water and leave for five to ten minutes to infuse. Strained drink take in the morning half an hour before a meal. The duration of such treatment can be up to two months.

Be sure to discuss the feasibility of using traditional medicine with your doctor.

The medical method of abortion has various consequences, including hormonal imbalance. This method involves the use of special antiprogestogenic tablets (Mifepristone, Mifegin, Misoprostol).

Medical indications

The composition of medicines includes the substance mifepristone, which blocks the action of progesterone, a hormone that supports pregnancy. Medical abortion involves the exfoliation of the germinal membranes from the uterine wall. To increase muscle contraction, the doctor prescribes prostaglandins.

Medical abortion has the following benefits:

  • the possibility of holding up to 6 weeks of pregnancy;
  • lack of surgical intervention and anesthesia;
  • the uterus and its cervix are not damaged;
  • the consequences of medical termination of pregnancy are several times less than those of other methods.

The procedure in question is contraindicated in renal failure, ectopic pregnancy, uterine myoma, severe anemia, and inflammatory processes. Previously, the patient is examined by a gynecologist. The specialist tells her about the effect of drugs and possible complications.

The patient must sign an informed consent for the use of the tablets. In this case, the series and number of the drug are indicated. If the consent is signed, then the responsibility lies entirely with the patient. The next step involves conducting a standard survey:

  • identification of the degree of purity of the vagina;
  • examination of the pelvic organs;
  • blood test for HIV and RW.

Main steps of the process

The patient must visit the gynecologist three times. 1-1.5 hours before the 1st examination, the woman has a light breakfast. In the doctor's office, she takes 3 Miropriston 200 mg tablets and stays in the clinic. Do not drink alcohol before (after) taking medications. After 1-2 hours, the patient will know the date of the next appointment with the gynecologist.

After 48 hours (on the 2nd visit to the clinic), the woman takes 2 Mirolyuta tablets, 200 mg each. She stays in the hospital for 3-4 hours. If no bleeding is observed during the specified period, then the woman takes 2 tablets of Misoprostol again.

If the gestational age is 4-5 weeks, then the abortion will resemble normal menstruation. Bloody discharge can last 1-3 weeks. Otherwise, the patient is prescribed hemostatic and uterine-contracting drugs.

With heavy bleeding, 2 large sanitary pads are soaked within 1 hour.

If a similar phenomenon is observed for 2 hours in a row, then the woman needs urgent hospitalization.

A follow-up examination is prescribed 15 days after taking Mirolyuta. The specialist's tasks include:

  • selection of a contraceptive;
  • exclusion of possible complications.

After medical termination of pregnancy, gynecologists recommend the use of contraceptives. Otherwise, there is a high probability of conception before the onset of menstruation.

The method of termination of pregnancy under consideration is characterized by such complications as vomiting, pain in the lower abdomen, partial abortion, bleeding. After taking Miropriston, the patient may have an increase in body temperature. These symptoms go away on their own.

If vomiting occurs within an hour after taking the drug, then the patient is re-assigned this remedy. Otherwise, the tablet may not be completely absorbed by the body. With severe toxicosis of a pregnant woman, an antiemetic is prescribed before breakfast - "Reglan", "Cerukal".

The consequences of medical abortion include rash and hives. In this case, the doctor prescribes antihistamines such as Suprastin, Diazolin. Due to the active and prolonged contraction of the muscles of the uterus in the abdomen, pains of an intense nature appear. To eliminate them, analgesics and antispasmodics are taken.

For medical termination of pregnancy, profuse bleeding is characteristic. Appropriate therapy is used to stop it. The patient is prescribed drugs such as Dicinon, Tarnexam, decoctions of medicinal herbs and tincture of water pepper. The course of treatment depends on the intensity of bleeding and the weight of the woman.

With partial abortion, vacuum aspiration or curettage is performed. After a mini-abortion, the resulting material is examined. The patient is undergoing an ultrasound of the pelvic organs. You can not simultaneously take "Mifepristone" and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Otherwise, the abortive effect will decrease.

The efficiency of this technique is 99%. The optimal time for an abortion using this technique is 3-4 weeks. It is not recommended to terminate the pregnancy with medication if the period of amenorrhea exceeds 49 days from the last menstruation. Medical abortion negatively affects the balance of sex hormones.

After termination of pregnancy, progesterone becomes "unnecessary". It begins to act on the mammary glands and ovaries, disrupting the menstrual cycle, contributing to the formation of cysts and other hormone-dependent pathological conditions. This can lead to infertility. Violation of the hormonal balance of the female body is observed when taking a high dose of Mifepristone. A gynecologist cannot give a 100% guarantee of the preservation of the full reproductive function of a woman after a medical abortion.