Now I feel like finishing a sentence. Sachs Levy test. Unfinished sentences technique. (SSCT method)

26.06.2019

The method of "unfinished sentences" has been used in experimental psychological practice for a long time.
A variant of this method, developed by Sachs and Levy, includes 60 unfinished sentences, which can be divided into 15 groups, characterizing to one degree or another the system of the subject's relationship to the family, to representatives of their own or the opposite sex, to sexual relations, to higher-ranking officials. and subordinates. Some groups of sentences relate to the fears and fears experienced by a person, to his feeling of awareness of his own guilt, testify to his attitude to the past and future, affect relationships with parents and friends, and his own life goals.

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Unfinished sentences

FULL NAME_______________________________________

Floor___________________________________________

Age________________________________________

Research Date_______________________________

INSTRUCTION

I think that my father is rarely
If everyone is against me, then
I always wanted (wanted)
If I occupied (occupied) a leading position
The future seems to me
My superiors
I know it's stupid, but I'm afraid
I think a real friend
When I was (was) a child
The ideal of a woman (man) for me is
When I see a woman with a man
Compared to most other families, my family
It works best for me with
My mother
I would do (do) everything to forget
If my father only wanted to
I think I am capable (capable) enough to
I could (could) be very happy (happy) if
If anyone works under my direction
Hope for
At school my teachers
Most of my mates don't know that I'm afraid
I do not like people who
Once upon a time I
I believe that most girls (boys)
Married life seems to me
My family treats me like
People I work with
My mother and i
My biggest mistake was
I would (would) like my father
My greatest weakness is
By my hidden urge in life
My subordinates
The day will come when
When my boss approaches me
I wish I could stop being afraid
Most of all I love people who
If I became (became) young (young) again
I believe that most men (women)
If I had a normal sex life
Most families I know
I love working with people who
I believe that most mothers
When I was (was) younger, I felt (felt) guilty (guilty) if
I think that my father
When I start to get unlucky, I
Most of all I wanted (would) in life
When I give others an errand
When will I be old (old)
People whose superiority I admit
My fears made me more than once
When I'm not there, my friends
I really don't like it when men (women)
My most vivid childhood memory is
My sex life
When I was (was) a child, my family
People who work with me
I love my mother but

60. The worst thing that I have ever done is

KEY

(1) Relationship to the father

I think that my father is rarely

16. If my father only wanted to

31. I would (would) like my father

46. I think that my father

Conflictness

(2) Attitude towards yourself

2. If everyone is against me, then

17. I think I am capable (capable) enough to

32. My greatest weakness is

47. When I start to get unlucky, I

Conflictness

(3) Life goals

3. I always wanted (wanted)

18. I could (could) be very happy (happy) if

33. My hidden desire in life

48. Most of all I wanted (would) in life

Conflictness

(4) Relationship to subordinates

4. If I occupied (occupied) a leading position

19. If anyone works under my direction

34. My subordinates

49. When I instruct others

Conflictness

(5) Attitude towards the future

5. The future seems to me

20. Hope for

35. The day will come when

50. When will I be old (old)

Conflictness

(6) Treatment of superiors at work and school towards teachers

6. My superiors

21. At school my teachers

36. When my boss approaches me

51. People whose superiority over myself I admit

Conflictness

(7) Fears and concerns

7. I know it's stupid, but I'm afraid

22. Most of my mates do not know that I am afraid

37. I wish I could stop being afraid

52. My fears made me more than once

Conflictness

(8) Relationship to friends and acquaintances

8. I think I'm a real friend

23. I do not like people who

38. Most of all I love people who

53. When I'm not there, my friends

Conflictness

(9) Relation to the past

9. When I was (was) a child

24. Once upon a time I

39. If I became young again (became young)

55. My most vivid childhood memory is

Conflictness

(10) Attitude towards men (women)

10. The ideal of a woman (man) for me is

25. I believe that most girls (boys)

40. I believe that most men (women)

54. I really don't like it when men (women)

Conflictness

(11) Attitude towards sex life

11. When I see a woman with a man

26. Married life seems to me

41. If I had a normal sex life

56. My sex life

Conflictness

(12) Relationship to family

12.compared to most other families, my family

27. My family treats me like

42. Most Families I Know

57. When I was (was) a child, my family

Conflictness

(13) Attitude towards employees

13. I work best with

28. People I Work With

43. I love working with people who

58. People who work with me

Conflictness

(14) Relationship to mother

14. My mother

29. My mother and I

44. I believe that most mothers

59. I love my mother, but

Conflictness

(15) Consciousness of guilt

15. Do (do) everything to forget

30. My biggest mistake was

45. When I was (was) younger, I felt (felt) guilty (guilty) if

The worst thing I've had to do is

Conflictness

Relationship to father

Attitude to yourself

Life goals

Relationship to subordinates

Attitude towards the future

Attitude towards superiors at work and at school towards teachers

Fears and apprehensions

Relationship to friends and acquaintances

Relation to the past

Attitude towards men

Attitude towards women

Sexual attitudes

Family attitude

Attitude towards employees

Relationship to mother

Consciousness of guilt

Description of the method

Projective psychological technique, refers to the methods of addition, and namely - additive techniques, one of the types of projective techniques. The methodology includes 60 unfinished sentences, which are divided into 15 groups, characterizing to one degree or another the system of the subject's relationship to the family, to representatives of their own or the opposite sex, to sexual relations, to higher-ranking officials and subordinates. Some groups of sentences relate to the fears and fears experienced by a person, to his sense of awareness of his own guilt, testify to his attitude to the past and future, affect relationships with parents and friends, and his own life goals.

For each group of sentences, a characteristic is displayed that defines the given system of relations as positive, negative or indifferent. Such a quantitative assessment facilitates the identification of a disharmonious system of relations in the subject. But more important, of course, is a qualitative study of additional proposals.

In Soviet pathopsychology, the technique was approved by G.G. Rumyantsev (1969), who showed its importance for carrying out rehabilitation measures.

History of creation

The Sacks sentence completion test (SSCT) was developed by Joseph M. Sachs in 1950. The test was created as follows: 20 clinical psychologists were asked to propose three points for completion of proposals aimed at identifying significant attitudes in each of the indicated categories. To these were added items selected from the sentence completion literature. Thus, 280 points were received. They were assigned from 14 to 28 per category. For example, 19 items were attributed to the mother, 22 were attributed to the father, and so on. The 20 psychologists were then asked to select four items in each category that they felt were the best for identifying meaningful attitudes in that category. The items selected most frequently were included in the test.

The unfinished sentence technique is a variation of the verbal association technique. The SSCT has achieved that it reduces the number of associations caused by a single word, makes it possible to better define the context, to penetrate the tone, the quality of attitudes and specific objects or areas of attention, it provides more freedom to the individual and more variability in responses and reflects a larger area of the respondent's behavioral world.

Procedure for

Research by the method of "unfinished sentences" should be preceded by establishing contact with the subject in order to obtain sincere, natural answers. But even if the test-taker views the research as an undesirable procedure and, in an effort to hide the world of his deep experiences, gives formal, conditional answers, an experienced psychologist can extract a lot of information that reflects the system of personal relationships.

The technique can be applied individually and in groups, as well as in oral and written forms. When carrying out the methodology in writing, the initial parts of the proposals can be presented either on special forms or on separate cards. In the written version, the subject receives a sheet of paper and a pen or a ready-made form with unfinished sentences. When using the card or oral version of the presentation of the beginning of sentences, the subject writes on a sheet of paper only the final part of the sentence - his answer; when using the form - the answer is written directly on the form under the appropriate beginning of the sentence.

In the oral version of the study, the answers of the subject are recorded either in writing by the experimenter, or with the help of a tape recorder.

Testing (without processing) takes from 20 minutes to several hours (depending on the personality of the subject).

Instructions:

On the test form, you must complete the sentences with one or more words, at your discretion.

1.) I think my father rarely

1- resting

2.) If everyone is against me, then

1- i'm not against everyone

4. If I was in a leadership position

1- that would develop the company

5. The future seems to me

1- cloudless

6. My superiors

1- fair

7. I know it's stupid, but I'm afraid

8. I think I'm a real friend

1- unobtrusive

9. When I was a child

1- played a lot

10. The ideal of a woman (man) for me is

1- my grandfather

11. When I see a woman next to a man

1- i'm happy

12. Compared to most others, my family

1- moved a lot

13. I work best with

1- hardworking

14. My mother and I

1- on good terms

15. Would do anything to forget

1- bad dream

16. If my father only wanted to

1- travel

17. I think I am capable enough to

1- take a good position at work

18. I could be very happy if

1- did what I like

19. If anyone works under my direction

1- I try to create good working conditions

20. Hope for

1- cloudless future

21. At school my teachers

1- worked

22. Most of my mates do not know that I am afraid

23. I do not like people who

1- impose their opinion

24. Once upon a time

1- I wanted to practice medicine

25. I believe that most boys (girls)

1- study not hard enough

26. Married life seems to me

1- regular

27. My family treats me like

28. People I Work With

1- interested in the same thing as me

29. My mother

1- open

30. My biggest mistake was

1- lose candy in the toilet

31. I would like my father

1- more rest

32. My greatest weakness is

1- what I like sweet

33. My hidden desire in life is

1- write a book

34. My subordinates

1- will have the opportunity for career advancement

35. The day will come when

1- there will be no visa regime in the world

36. When my boss approaches me

1- I'm going with my thoughts

37. I wish I could stop being afraid

38. Most of all I love those people who

1- ready to work and help

39. If I were young again

1-nothing would change

40. I believe that most women (men)

1- do not look attractive enough for women, do not take care of themselves;

41. If I had a normal sex life

1- I would be happy

42. Most Families I Know

1- have a good relationship with children

43. I love working with people who

1- offer new ideas

44. I believe that most mothers

1- must prepare in advance for motherhood

45. When I was young, I felt guilty if

1- fought with parents

46. I think that my father

1- works a lot

47. When I start to get unlucky, I

1- I consult with my family

48. Most of all I would like in life

1- independence and tranquility

49. When I instruct others

1- I don't pressure them

50. When I'm Old

51. People whose superiority over myself I admit

52. My fears made me more than once

1- change plans

53. When I'm not there, my friends

1- they probably yearn

54. My most vivid childhood memory is

1- hiking with parents

55. I really don't like it when women (men)

1- women are not respected

56. My sex life

1- irregular

57. When I was a child, my family

1- surrounded me with love

58. People who work with me

1- have the opportunity for career growth

59. I love my mother, but

1- sometimes she talks a lot

60. The worst thing that I happened to do is

1- accidentally forgetting candy in the toilet

The key to the Sachs Levy test Unfinished sentences. Test processing. Interpretation.

The methodology is based on the position that, in response to the initial ambiguous and indefinite stimulus, the subject gives information concerning his own personality, that is, he projects himself into his answers. The Sachs Levy methodology allows us to identify signs of intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts, violation of personality relationships, the nature of which can then be clarified in an individual conversation.

For each group of sentences, a characteristic is displayed that defines the given system of relations as positive, negative or indifferent.

Processing and interpretation of results

The 60 method statements are categorized into 15 categories.

Key

	Sentence groups	NN tasks
	Relationship to father
	Attitude to yourself
	Unrealized opportunities
	Attitude towards subordinates
	Attitude to the future
	Relationship to superiors
	Fears and apprehensions
	Relationship to friends
	Relation to your past
	Attitude towards persons of the opposite sex
	Sexual relationship
	Relationship to the family
	Attitude towards employees
	Relationship to mother
	Guilt

Quantitative analysis

Quantitative analysis involves a preliminary expert assessment of the emotional intensity of each sentence. To assess the answers of the subject, the following scale is proposed:

"+2" - the maximum, clearly expressed, strongly positive attitude towards the object or subject referred to in the sentence;

"+1" is a positive attitude;

"0" - neutral attitude to what is being discussed, lack of expression of any emotions;

"-1" - negative ratio;

"-2" - the maximum, clearly expressed, strongly negative attitude towards the object or subject referred to in the sentence. "

The quantitative indicator is calculated for each area separately in the form of an overall total assessment of each of the 4 proposals included in it. Its value ranges from "+8" to "-8", it can be zero. There are 15 such indicators in total, in accordance with the number of spheres.

Example. Relationship to the family - statements 12, 26, 42, 57.

Subject's answers and their expert assessment:

(12) Compared to most other families, my family is ... quite strong (score +2 - positive emotional stress).

(26) My family treats me like ... an adult quite often (a score of +1 is more positive than negative emotional stress).

(42) Most families I know ... often restrict the freedom of their children (a score of –1 is more negative than positive emotional stress).

(57) When I was a child, my family ... listened to my opinion (rating +1 - more positive than negative).

Thus, the sum of points on the "Attitude towards family" scale will be:

2+1−1+1=+3 +2+1−1+1=+3

As a result of testing, areas are determined in which positive attitudes prevail (positive experience, positive perception, positive expectations), and areas in which attitudes close to negative or negative predominate (negative experience, negative perception, negative expectations).

Sachs-Sydney Incomplete Sentence Test (SSCT) was developed by Joseph M. Sachs in 1950. The test was created as follows: 20 clinical psychologists were asked to propose three points for completion of proposals aimed at identifying significant attitudes in each of the indicated categories. To these were added items selected from the sentence completion literature. Thus, 280 points were received. They were assigned from 14 to 28 per category. For example, 19 items were in the attitude toward the mother, 22 in the attitude toward the father, and so on. The 20 psychologists were then asked to select four items in each category that they felt were the best for identifying meaningful attitudes in that category. The items selected most frequently were included in the test.

The projective psychological technique includes 60 unfinished sentences, which are divided into 15 groups, characterizing to one degree or another the system of the subject's relationship to the family, to representatives of their own or the opposite sex, to sexual relations, to those of higher rank and subordinates. Some groups of sentences relate to the fears and fears experienced by a person, to his feeling of awareness of his own guilt, testify to his attitude to the past and future, affect relationships with parents and friends, and his own life goals.

In Soviet pathopsychology, the technique was tested by G.G. Rumyantsev (1969), who showed its importance for carrying out rehabilitation measures.

Procedure for

The technique can be applied individually and in groups, as well as in oral and written forms. When conducting the methodology in writing, the initial parts of the proposals can be presented either on special forms or on separate cards. In the written version, the subject receives a sheet of paper and a pen or a ready-made form with unfinished sentences. When using the card or oral version of the presentation of the beginning of sentences, the subject writes on a sheet of paper only the final part of the sentence - his answer; when using the form - the answer is written directly on the form under the appropriate beginning of the sentence.

In the oral version of the study, the answers of the subject are recorded either in writing by the experimenter or with the help of a tape recorder.

Testing (without processing) takes from 20 minutes to several hours (depending on the personality of the subject).

Instructions

Read these unfinished sentences carefully, supplementing them with the first thought that comes to your mind. Do this as quickly as possible. If you cannot finish any sentence, leave it with a circle around the number and come back to it later. Be truthful. Your answers will not be known to anyone except the doctor.

1. I think my father rarely ________________________________

2. If everyone is against me, then __________________________________

3. I've always wanted to ___________________________________________

4. If I was in a leadership position _______________________

5. The future seems to me _____________________________________

6. If not for the disease _______________________________________

7. My superiors __________________________________________

8. I know it's stupid, but I'm afraid _________________________________

9. I think a real friend ___________________________________

10. When I was a child ___________________________________

11. The ideal woman (man) for me is ____________

12. When I see a woman with a man _________________

13. Compared to most other families, my family ______

14. I work best with _____________________________

15. My mother and I ___________________________________________

16. Still healthy people _________________________________

17. I would do everything to forget _____________________________

18. If only my father wanted to __________________________

19. I think I'm free enough to __________________

20. I could be very happy if __________________

21. If anyone works under my direction ___________

22. Hope for _____________________________________________

23. At school, my teachers ____________________________________

24. Most of my mates do not know that I am afraid _________

25. I do not like people who _______________________________

26. Before the war I ____________________________________________

27. I think that boys (girls) ___________________________

28. Married life seems to me __________________________

29. My family treats me like ______________________

30. People I work with _____________________________

31. My mother ______________________________________________

32. My biggest mistake was _______________________

33. I would like my father _______________________________

34. My greatest weakness is ________________

35. My illness ____________________________________________

36. My hidden desire in life _________________________

37. My subordinates ______________________________________

38. The day will come when _________________________________

39. When my boss approaches me _________________

40. I wish I could stop being afraid ________________________

41. Most of all I love those people who ___________________

42. If I became young again ____________________________

43. I believe that the majority of women (men) ________________

44. If I had a normal sex life _____________

45. Most Families I Know _________________________

46. I love working with people who ________________________

47. I believe that most mothers _________________________

48. When I was young, I felt guilty if ____

49. I think my father _____________________________________

50. When I start to get unlucky, I ____________________________

51. When I instruct others ____________________________

52. Most of all I would like in life __________________________

53. When will I be old _____________________________________

54. People whose superiority over myself I admit __________

55. My fears made me ______________________ more than once

56. When I'm not there, my friends _______________________________

57. Due to illness ___________________________________________

58. My most vivid childhood memory is ________

59. I really don't like it when women (men) __________

60. My sex life ______________________________________

61. When I was a child, my family __________________________

62. People who work with me __________________________

63. I love my mother, but ___________________________________

64. The worst thing that I happened to do was ____________

In case of difficulty, the patient needs to repeat the task and offer an example of an answer: "I think that my father is sometimes wrong." The quality of the answer (the meaning of the finished sentence), the latency period (the time spent thinking about the answer) and the patient's emotional reaction are taken into account. The subject's answers are grouped according to the key.

Key to the Sachs-Sydney unfinished sentence technique

	Offer groups	NN tasks
	Relationship to father
	Attitude to yourself
	Unrealized opportunities
	Attitude towards subordinates
	Attitude towards the future
	Relationship to superiors
	Fears and apprehensions
	Relationship to friends
	Relation to your past
	Attitude towards persons of the opposite sex
	Sexual relationship
	Relationship to the family
	Attitude towards employees
	Relationship to mother
	Guilt

Each answer (system of relations) is evaluated on a 3-point system (0, 1, 2): 0 points are given if the adaptation is not violated, the conflict is not revealed; 1 - if the conflict is at the subclinical level, the subject himself sees ways to resolve the conflict; 2 - when adaptation is impaired, psychotherapeutic correction is required.

Analyzing the answers of the subject, it is possible to reveal his attitude towards himself, his past, present, future, environment, etc.

Some of the answers are of a formal nature, corresponding in content to the beginning of the phrase. Emotionally significant sentences, even with a formal correspondence of the answer, are accompanied by a delay (lengthening of the latency period), a mimic-vegetative reaction.

In patients with hysterical accentuation, as a rule, many conflicts are revealed, demonstrativeness, pretentiousness of answers are expressed.

In patients with fears and painful experiences, uncertainty about the future is revealed.

The technique helps to navigate in the diverse system of relationships of the patient's personality, to identify violations of these relationships, to determine the points of application of psychotherapeutic correction and rehabilitation of patients.

The inclusion of four additional sentences (No. 6, 16, 35, 57) allows us to assess the severity of the traumatic effect on the somatic illness.

Once upon a time, the Joseph Sachs test impressed me with the ability to structure my chaotic ideas about the world around me, about myself and others. The methodology includes 60 unfinished sentences, conditionally divided into 15 groups.

Groups characterize your attitude to:

family;
friends;
representatives of their own and the opposite sex;
sexual relations;
power and subordination;
past and future.

Some groups of sentences also address fears and concerns that affect your life, indicate unlived guilt, and shed light on life goals.

Without processing, testing takes 20 minutes or more.

Instructions: On the test sheet, you must complete the sentences with one or more words.

Test blank

I think my father rarely ...
If everyone is against me, then ...
I always wanted / wanted ...
If I were in a leading position ...
The future seems to me ...
My superiors ...
I know it's stupid, but I'm afraid ...
I think that a real friend ...
When I was / was a child ...
The ideal of a woman (man) for me is ...
When I see a woman next to a man ...
Compared to most other families, my family ...
I work best with ...
My mother and I ...
Did / would do everything to forget ...
If my father only wanted to ...
I think I am capable / capable enough to ...
I could / could be very happy / happy if ...
If anyone works under my direction ...
Hope for…
At school, my teachers ...
Most of my friends do not know that I am afraid ...
I don't like people who ...
Once upon a time ...
I believe that most of the boys (girls) ...
Married life seems to me ...
My family treats me like ...
The people I work with ...
My mother…
My biggest mistake was ...
I would like / would like my father to ...
My biggest weakness is ...
My hidden desire in life ...
My subordinates ...
The day will come when ...
When my boss approaches me ...
I wish I could stop being afraid ...
Most of all I love those people who ...
If I became / became young again ...
I believe that most women (men) ...
If I had a normal sex life ...
Most of the families I know ...
I love working with people who ...

44. I believe that most mothers ...

When I was / was young / young, I felt / felt guilty if ...
I think my father ...
When I'm unlucky, I ...
Most of all in my life I wanted / would like ...
When I give instructions to others ...
When I am old / old ...
People whose superiority over myself I admit ...
My fears made me more than once ...
When I'm not there, my friends ...
My most vivid childhood memory is ...
I really don't like it when women (men) ...
My sex life ...
When I was / was a child, my family ...
People who work with me ...
I love my mother, but ...
The worst thing that I happened to do was ...
Processing and interpretation of results

For each group of sentences, a characteristic is displayed that defines the given system of relations as positive (1), negative (2) or indifferent (0).

For example, the Future seems to me:

1) dark, bad, strange (2)

2) interesting, intriguing (1)

3) unclear, unknown (0)

Such a quantitative assessment facilitates the identification of a disharmonious system of relations. But more important, of course, is a qualitative study of completed proposals.

Key

1 group. Relationship to the father 1, 16, 31, 46.

Group 2. Attitude towards oneself 2, 17, 32, 47.

Group 3. Unrealized opportunities 3, 18, 33, 48.

4 group. Attitude towards subordinates 4, 19, 34, 49.

5 group. Attitude to the future 5, 20, 35, 50.

6 group. Attitude towards superiors 6, 21, 36, 51.

7 group. Fears and concerns 7, 22, 37, 52.

8 group. Attitude towards friends 8, 23, 38, 53.

Group 9. Attitude to your past 9, 24, 39, 54.

10 group. Attitude towards persons of the opposite sex 10, 25, 40, 55.

11 group. Sexual relationships 11, 26, 41, 56.

12 group. Family relationships 12, 27, 42, 57.

13 group. Attitude towards employees 13, 28, 43, 58.

Group 14. Relationship to mother 14, 29, 44, 59.

Group 15. Feelings of guilt 15, 30, 45, 60.

The method of "Unfinished sentences" has been used in experimental psychological practice for a long time. However, it is available not only for professionals. This test can be used as a starting point in studying yourself and your relationship to others and the world in general. If the results upset you, do not rush to get discouraged: discuss them with a psychologist or someone you trust. One way or another, each test group requires separate discussion and awareness, as well as additional confirmation by other methods.

This test allows you to identify a person's conscious and unconscious attitudes, shows his attitude to parents, family, to representatives of his own and the opposite sex

The technique (method) of unfinished sentences allows you to identify conscious and unconscious attitudes of a person, shows his attitude to parents, family, to representatives of his own and the opposite sex, to those of higher rank and subordinates, to his fears and fears, to feelings of guilt, to the past and future, to life goals.

Sachs Levy Test Incomplete Sentences

All test sentences can be combined in several groups , reflecting the attitude of the individual to the family, interpersonal relationships, the relationship between a man and a woman and self-perception.

The test was developed by Joseph M. Sachs and S. Levy in the 1950s (Sacks sentence completion test, SSCT), refers to projective diagnostics, is a variation of the verbal association technique. The technique was approved by G.G. Rumyantsev (1969), who showed its effectiveness for carrying out rehabilitation measures.

The test taker is offered 60 unfinished sentences, which he must add at his own discretion ... SSCT can be used individually and in groups and takes 20 to 40 minutes, and subjects are 20 to 60 years old.

Sachs Levy test Incomplete sentences:

Instructions:

On the test form, you must complete the sentences with one or more words, at your discretion.

Sachs Levy's unfinished sentences:

1. I think my father rarely __

2. If everyone is against me, then _____________________________________________

3. I've always wanted to ______________________________________________________

4. If I was in a leadership position ___________________________________

5. The future seems to me ________________________________________________

6. My superiors _____________________________________________________

7. I know it's stupid, but I'm afraid _____________________________________________

8. I think that a real friend ____________________________________________

9. When I was a child _________________________________________________

10. The ideal woman (man) for me is __________________________

11. When I see a woman next to a man ________________________________

12. Compared to most others, my family __________________________

13. It works best for me with __________________________________________

14. My mother and I ________________________________________________________

15. Would do anything to forget __________________________________________

16. If my father only wanted to _______________________________________

17. I think I am capable enough to ________________________________

18. I could be very happy if _______________________________

19. If anyone works under my direction _________________________

20. Hope for _________________________________________________________

21. At school, my teachers _________________________________________________

22. Most of my mates do not know that I am afraid _______________________

23. I do not like people who ____________________________________________

24. Once upon a time ___________________________________________________________

25. I believe that the majority of boys (girls) _____________________________

26. Married life seems to me _______________________________________

27. My family treats me like ___________________________________

28. People I work with __________________________________________

29. My mother ___________________________________________________________

30. My biggest mistake was _____________________________________

____________________________________________

32. My greatest weakness is _____________________________

33. My hidden desire in life is ______________________________

34. My subordinates ___________________________________________________

35. The day will come when ______________________________________________

36. When my boss approaches me _______________________________

37. I wish I could stop being afraid ______________________________________

38. Most of all I love those people who __________________________________

39. If I became young again __________________________________________

40. I believe that the majority of women (men) _______________________________

41. If I had a normal sex life ___________________________

42. Most families I know _______________________________________

43. I love working with people who ______________________________________

44. I believe that most mothers _______________________________________

45. When I was young, I felt guilty if ___________________________

46. I think my father __________________________________________________

47. When I start to get unlucky, I _________________________________________

48. Most of all I would like in life ________________________________________

49. When I give instructions to others ___________________________________________

50. When will I be old _____________________________________________________

51. People whose superiority over myself I recognize _________________________

52. My fears more than once made me ____________________________________

_____________________________________________

54. My most vivid childhood memory is ________________________

55. I really don't like it when women (men) __________________________

56. My sex life ____________________________________________________

________________________________________

_________________________________________

59. I love my mother, but _________________________________________________

60. The worst thing that I happened to do was ___________________________

The key to the Sachs Levy test Unfinished sentences. Test processing. Interpretation.

The methodology is based on the provision that, responding to the initial ambiguous and indefinite stimulus, the subject gives information regarding his own personality that is, he projects himself into his answers.

The Sachs Levy methodology reveals signs of intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts , violation of personality relationships, the nature of which can then be clarified in an individual conversation.

For each group of sentences, a characteristic is displayed that defines the given system of relations as positive, negative, or indifferent.

1. Attitude towards the father

1. I think that my father is rarely

16. If my father only wanted to

31. I would like my father

46. I think that my father

2. Attitude towards yourself

2. If everyone is against me, then

17. I think I am capable enough to

32. My greatest weakness is

47. When I start to get unlucky, I

3. Unrealized opportunities

3. I've always wanted

18. I could be very happy if

33. My hidden desire in life is

48. Most of all I would like in life

4. Attitude towards subordinates

4. If I was in a leadership position

19. If anyone works under my direction

34. My subordinates

49. When I instruct others

5. Attitude towards the future

5. The future seems to me.

20. Hope for

35. The day will come when

50. When I'm Old

6. Relationship to superiors

6. The future seems to me

21. At school my teachers

36. When my boss approaches me

51. People whose superiority over myself I admit

7. Fears and concerns

7. I know it's stupid, but I'm afraid

22 most of my mates don't know I'm afraid

37 I wish I could stop being afraid

52. My fears made me more than once

8. Attitude towards friends

8. I think I'm a real friend

23. I do not like people who

38. Most of all I love those people who

53. When I'm not there, my friends

9. Relation to your past

9. When I was a child

24. Once upon a time

39. If I were young again

54. My most vivid childhood memory is

10. Attitude towards people of the opposite sex

10. The ideal of a woman (man) for me is

25. I believe that most boys (girls)

40. I believe that most women (men)

55. I really don't like it when women (men)

11. Personal life

11. When I see a woman next to a man

26. Married life seems to me

41. If I had a normal sex life

56. My personal life

12. Relationship to the family

12. Compared to most others, my family

27. My family treats me like

42 Most Families I Know

13. Attitude towards employees

13. I work best with

28. People I Work With

43. I love working with people who

58. People who work with me

14. Attitude towards mother

14. My mother and I

29. My mother

44. I believe that most mothers

59. I love my mother, but

15. Feelings of guilt

15. Would do anything to forget

30. My biggest mistake was

45. When I was young, I felt guilty if

60. The worst thing that I happened to do is

Note.

Although the standard method of application implies that the subject must catch the stimulus and respond to it in writing, for an anxious personality it will be more useful to conduct the survey orally and record the answers yourself.

This process makes it possible to discharge the tension. These test takers often use the SSCT as a stimulus to respond and then say that they "feel much better."

The oral method also makes it possible to mark specific topics on which the respondent is blocked by observing reaction times, hot flushes, facial expressions, changes in tone or timbre of the voice, and general behavior.

Examples of processing and interpretation of the Sachs Levy method. Incomplete sentences. Examples of assessing test results (clinical cases from the practice of psychologists)

The scorecard developed for the SSCT brings together, for each attitude, the four incentive points and the respondent's responses to them.

For example:

Relationship to father

Items

works.

16. If only my father got better.

31. I want my father died.

bad person.

Words in italics are the respondent's answers. These four responses are considered together in a conclusion, which is made to clarify the clinical picture of the respondent's attitudes in this area. In this case, the conclusion is written: "Extreme hostility and contempt combined with a desire for death."

Then, the degree of disorder among the respondents in this area is assessed, respectively, with the following scale:

2 points. Serious disorders. The help of a psychotherapist is required to work on emotional conflict in this area.

1 point. Minor disturbances. There is an emotional conflict in this area, but it is possible to eliminate it without the help of a psychotherapist.

0 points. There are no discernible disturbances in this area.

NS. Unknown. Not enough information.

This method of ranking the four responses differs from the procedure used by Tendler, Rotter and Villerman and others who have studied sentence completion technique.

The traditional method evaluates individual responses and arrives at a final adaptation score. by adding individual estimates.

SSCT authors feel that it is more appropriate to simply identify areas of disorder and identify them by collecting responses.... The validity of the assessment, of course, depends on the clinical background and the experimenter's intelligence, as well as on the material provided by the respondent.

1. Statements from those areas in which the respondent showed the most obvious violations of attitudes. Can provide the therapist with the necessary keys.

2. Description of the relationship between attitudes in relation to content. Frequently highlights the dynamic factors of a given case.

For example, respondent # 1 described his mother as “too nervous” and “petty”. He believes that most mothers "love their children too much and spoil them." He claims that his family is "normal", but they treat him "like a little one."

He is very hostile towards women, whom he regards as "deceitful persons who cannot be trusted." He is careful about marriage: "A marriage is good if everything is agreed in advance."

He considers his father a good man, but would like him to "stop being stubborn." He is contemptuous of leadership. He doesn't like petty people. His most vivid childhood memory is: "I was mistreated."

He fears for himself, and when circumstances are against him, he gives up. He also thinks he has the ability to "do something." His attitude towards the future is superficial and almost unrealistically optimistic. One day he expects to "make a million."

Examples of evaluating test results.

1. Attitude towards mother

Case number 2 Rating: 2

Items

14. My mother is grumbler.

29. My mother and I am very different from each other.

too dependent on their ownchildren.

I do not like her.

Final interpretation: Completely rejects and condemns the mother, whom she considers too demanding.

Case No. 23 Rating: 1

Items

14. My mother thrifty.

29. My mother and I - good friends with different positions.

44. I believe that most mothers destroy with their lovetheir own reasons.

59. I like my mother, but there are no "but".

Final interpretation: He sees the mistakes of the mother, but accepts them and admits a difference in views.

Case number 56 Rating: 0

Items

14. My mother - wonderful woman.

29. My mother and I - great friends.

44. I believe that most mothers - significant persons.

59. I like my mother, but my father is also nothing.

Final interpretation: Expresses only positive feelings towards the mother.

2. Attitude towards the father

Case number 52 Rating: 2

Items

1. It seems to me that my father rarely works.

16. If only my father got better.

31. I would like my father died.

46. It seems to me that my father bad person.

Final interpretation: Extreme hostility and contempt with a clear desire for death.

Case No. 71 Rating: 1

Items

1. It seems to me that my father rarely speaks to me like a father to a son.

16. If only my father listened.

31. I would like to see my father (no answer).

significant person.

Final interpretation: Admires his father, but wants their relationship to become closer.

Case number 14 Rating: 0

Items

1. It seems to me that my father rarely lack of sense of humor.

16. If only my father took vacation.

31. I would like my father remained as it is now.

46. It seems to me that my father - very good person.

Final interpretation: Expresses complete satisfaction with the father's personality.

3. Attitude towards family members

Case number 12 Rating: 2

Items

rarely together.

to a stranger, but does not show it.

42. Most families that I know sufferers of a kind.

57. When I was a child, my family fought and we didn't get along friendwith a friend.

Final interpretation: Feels rejected by a family that has always lacked solidarity and where there have always been problems.

Case number 10 Rating: 1

Items

OK.

27. My family treats me like to the little boy.

42. Most families I know are like my.

57. When I was a child, my family treated me well.

Final interpretation: Worried that the family does not perceive him as a mature person, but does not feel difficulties in communicating with her.

Case number 16 Rating: 0

Items

12. Compared to most families, my family the best.

27. My family treats me like to a close friend.

42. Most families I know are good people.

57. When I was a child, my family moved a lot.

Final interpretation: Frequent change of residence only marginally affected his wonderful attitude towards the family.

4. Attitude towards women.

Case number 1 Rating: 2

Items

- no such.

25. I believe that most girls can't be trusted.

are deceitful.

55. What I like least about women is that they are of the opposite sex.

The final interpretation: Extremely incredulous. A tendency towards same-sex relationships is possible.

Case No. 26 Rating: 1

Items

10. I imagine a perfect woman as understanding and wonderful.

common.

40. I believe that most women good ones.

55. The least I like about women is their makeup.

The final interpretation: High ideals, but ambivalent feelings.

Happening № 31 Rating: 0

Items

10. I imagine a perfect woman as ideal.

25. I believe that most girls adorable.

40. I believe that most women attractive.

55. In women I like least of all long skirts.

The final interpretation: Only minor and superficial criticism.

Case No. 25 Rating: 1

Items

11. When I see a man and a woman together I wonder how they get along.

it might be nice, if both partnersmeet each other halfway.

I would be more satisfied.

56. My sex life was not very interesting.

The final interpretation: Wants to have a love life, but doubts her ability to get married.

Case number 70 Rating: 0

Items

I like it.

26. I think about married life that it is wonderful.

41. If I had a personal life but I have them.

56. My sex life - I'm happy with her.

Final interpretation: Indicates satisfaction in this area.

6. Attitude towards friends and acquaintances

Case No. 83 Rating: 2

Items

helps you survive.

staring at me.

38. Most of all I like people - there are few of them.

53. When I'm not there, my friends - I don't really believe in my friends.

Final interpretation: Distrustful and obviously lonely.

Case number 22 Rating: 1

Items

8. It seems to me that a real friend is the one who is sincere.

23. I don't like people who lie.

38. Most of all I like people who like me.

53. When I'm not there, my friends sometimes they talk about me.

Final interpretation: Probably waiting for approval from others before expressing himself emotionally.

Case number 76 Rating: 0

Items

8. It seems to me that a real friend will help me.

23. I don't like people who speak loudly.

38. Most of all I like people who close to me.

53. When I'm not there, my friends looking for me.

Final interpretation: Expresses good mutual feelings between friends and himself.

7. Attitude towards superiors at work and at school

Happening № 48 Rating: 2

Items

6. My superiors often unfair.

21. At school my teachers too overbearing.

I lower my head.

I'm afraidtheir.

Final interpretation: He takes offense at his superiors and is afraid of him.

Case number 45 Rating: 1

Items

6. My superiors - normal people.

21. At school my teachers were mostly good people.

36. When I see the boss enter, i'm a little tense.

51. People whom I consider superior to me in position - I am so toand I belong to him.

Final interpretation: Little difficulty in recognizing authority.

Case No. 98 Rating: 0

Items

6. My superiors loves me.

21. At school, my teachers were good people.

36. When I see the boss enter, I I continue to do what what did you do.

51. People whom I consider superior to me in position - these are my parents.

Final interpretation: Expresses the absence of conflict with authoritarian persons. Feels that they, too, perceive him in the right way.

8. Attitude towards subordinates

Case No. 55 Rating: 2

Items

would be stricter.

19. If people worked under my leadership I would be a bad boss.

should regret it.

(no answer).

Final interpretation: Feels that he would be unable to control his hostility when controlling other people.

Case number 22 Rating: 1

Items

4. If I was in a position of responsibility, I I would have seen that all good things have already been done.

19. If people worked under my leadership, I would treat them well.

34. People who work under my leadership, happy.

48. When giving orders to other people, I sometimes I feel difficulties.

Final interpretation: Feels able to do good leadership work, but has some bias about the use of authority.

Case No. 79 Rating: 0

Items

4. If I was in a position of responsibility, I would did my best.

19. If people would work under my leadership, I would be kind to them.

34. People who work under my leadership think that I'm a good boss.

48. When giving orders to other people, i do it ok.

Final interpretation: Feels at ease and is well received by subordinates.

9. Attitude towards colleagues at work and at school

Case number 9 Rating: 2

Items

with no one.

28. Those with whom I work - bad people.

friendly.

58. My co-workers usually don't love me.

Final interpretation: Feels rejected by colleagues and judges them.

Case number 39 Rating: 1

Items

13. At work, I get along best. with my colleagues.

28. Those with whom I work, help me a lot.

43. I like working with people who happy.

58. My co-workers usually think that I am not fully competent.

Final interpretation: There are slight difficulties at work, the respondent is dependent on the help of his colleagues. Trusts them.

Case number 2 Rating: 0

Items

13. At work, I get along best. with almost everyone.

28. Those with whom I work, mostly nice people.

43. I like working with people who pleasant.

58. My co-workers usually love me.

Final interpretation: Expresses mutual good feelings.

10. Fears

Happening № 40 Rating: 2

Items

7. I know this is stupid, but I'm afraid to go to bed.

22. Most of my friends don't know I'm afraid of heights.

37. I would like to get rid of fear of going to bed.

worry, and I don't know what I need to do to overcome them.

Final interpretation: Disturbances in the area of apparent fears of loss of identity or consciousness, and possibly control over one's impulses.

Case number 68 Rating: 1

Items

some people.

22. Most of my friends don't know that I'm afraid ( no answer).

37. I would like to get rid of fear speak in front of people.

52. Sometimes my fears make me retreat.

Final interpretation: Fear of self-affirmation, which often arises and does not progress.

Case No. 84 Rating: 0

Items

7. I know it's stupid, but I'm afraid - I'm not afraid of anything.

22. Most of my friends don't know that I'm afraid - I'm not afraid of anyone.

37. I would like to get rid of fear - I can't remember any.

52. Sometimes my fears make me (I have no fears).

Final interpretation: Expresses the absence of pronounced fears.

11. Feelings of guilt

Case No. 74 Rating: 2

Items

15. I would give anything to forget the time when I did all sorts of stupid things.

retreat and adjust.

due to masturbation.

I lost my faith in God.

Final interpretation : Disorders are associated with mental setbacks and physical desires.

Case No. 13 Rating: 1

Items

15. I would give anything to forget the time when I had childhood problems.

30. My biggest mistake was run from difficulties.

45. When I was younger, I felt guilty for sex drive.

60. The most disgusting thing I've ever done is went to the army.

Final interpretation: There are regrets about the past and mild frustration over failure to cope with difficulties.

Case number 72 Rating: 0

Items

15. I would give anything to forget that time , when I - I do not know.

30. My biggest mistake was - retire from the army i think.

45. When I was younger, I felt guilty about - not because of what.

60. The most disgusting thing I've ever done is learned to think too much.

Final interpretation: Apparently not bothered by guilt.

12. Attitude to own abilities

Case number 89 Rating: 2

Items

this is bad.

To do nothing.

32. My biggest weakness - it's a disease.

I'm upset.

Final interpretation: Feels completely incompetent and helpless.

Case number 19 Rating: 1

Items

2. When circumstances are against me I keep up the good work.

17. I believe I have the ability learn.

it's fear.

47. When luck turns away from me i feel disgusted.

Final interpretation: Feels that he has certain abilities and perseverance, but has difficulty with fears.

Case No. 98 Rating: O

Items

2. When circumstances are against me, i work harder.

17. I believe I have the ability overcome circumstances.

32. My biggest weakness is lend it.

47. When luck turns away from me, i try harder.

Final interpretation: Confident in my ability to overcome circumstances. They inspire him to make great efforts.

13. Relation to the past

Case number 33 Rating: 2

Items

9. When I was a child, I had to decide everything myself.

24. Before the war I served in the army.

would like mom to be alive.

this feeling thatI mean nothing.

Final interpretation: Acutely feels the absence of a mother, rejection, emotionally lonely.

Case number 11 Rating: 1

Items

9. When I was a child, I thought a lot.

24. Before the war I went to school.

39. If I became young again, I I would have done everything the same way as I did.

54. My most vivid childhood memory - how my father beats me.

Final interpretation: Has unpleasant memories, but does not appear to be severely traumatized by them.

Case number 82... Rating: 0

Items

9. When I was a child, everything seemed important.

24. Before the war I lived alone.

39. If I were young again, i would work hard.

54. My brightest childhood memory is graduation.

Final interpretation: Feels free. Positive feelings. Memories of achievements.

14. Attitude towards the future

Case number 33 Rating: 2

Items

5. I see the future in black.

20. I hope for cure.

35. Once I will on horseback.

50. When I get older, I get even more stupid.

Final interpretation: Pessimist. There is no hope for your own sources of happiness or success.

Case number 48 Rating: 1

Items

5 i see the future indefinitely.

20. I hope for graduation.

35. Once I I'll get better.

50. When I get older, I hope to get a nice home.

Final interpretation: Insecure, but generally an optimist.

Case No. 64 Rating: 0

Items

5 i see the future bright.

20. I hope for work.

35. Once I I'll be with the money.

50. As I get older, I will be better.

Final interpretation: Seems confident in achieving his material goals.

15. Objectives

Case number 9 Rating: 2

Items

3. I've always wanted kill somebody.

I would be alone.

33. My secret dream in life - to become famous.

Total.

Final interpretation: Direct expression of hostility, rejected by society. Extravagant, unrealistic.

Case number 19 Rating: 1

Items

3. I've always wanted to be an actor.

18. I would be absolutely happy if would be rich.

33. My secret dream in life - to be rich.

49. Most of all I want from life happiness.

Final interpretation: Apparently identifies happiness with material success.

Case No. 79 Rating: 0

Items

3. I always wanted to be happy.

18. I would be absolutely happy if I made enough money to support my family well.

33. My secret dream in life - achieve something in life.

49. Most of all I want from life good health.

Final interpretation: Desires material wealth for the family, as well as for himself. Sees the importance of health for a happy life.

Illustrative case.

The following responses, concluding interpretations and independent clinical views of psychiatrists that observed the respondent were obtained from Sachs's experimental study of SSCT.

Respondent # 6 Male 19 years old

Diagnosis: mixed psychoneurosis of severe degree.

I. ATTITUDE TO THE MOTHER RATING: 2

14. My mother bothered me.

29. My mother and I strongly attached to each other.

44. I believe that most mothers love their children.

59. I like my mother, but she bothered me a lot.

Final interpretation: Very concerned about the emotional relationship with the mother and the problems surrounding that relationship.

(Clinical impression: Ambivalent addiction with incest desires and hostility.)

II. RELATIONSHIP TO THE FATHER RATING: 2

1. It seems to me that my father rarely showed his affection for me.

16. If only my father behaved like a father.

31. I would like my father behaved like a man.

46. It seems to me that my father does not behave like a real man.

Final interpretation: Shows the need for a relationship with an adequate fatherly image. Feels that his own father is not suitable for the role.

(Clinical impression: The father is not a strong person. Doesn't want to identify with him.)

III. ATTITUDE TOWARDS FAMILY MEMBERS RATING: 2

12. Compared to most families, my family stricter and more European.

27. My family treats me like to a smart person.

42. Most families I know happy.

57. When I was a child, my family didn't pay enough attention to me.

Final interpretation: Feels like his family rejected him as a child, but now they respect him. Feels that he has been harmed by the rigid attitudes of his parents and the adult world.

(Clinical impression: Compulsive loyalty based on addiction.)

IV. ATTITUDE TO WOMEN RATING: 0

10. I imagine a perfect woman how beautiful and attractive.

25. I believe that most girls looking for husbands.

40. I believe that most women have good qualities.

55. In women, I least like ( no answer).

Final interpretation: Good, but timid.

(Clinical impression: Extreme libidinal impulses frightening him.)

V. ATTITUDE TOWARDS SAME-SEX BONDING ASSESSMENT: 2

11. When I see a man and a woman together, I envy them.

26. I think about married life that it is wonderful.

41. If I had a personal life, I don't know exactly how I would react.

56. My sex life makes me feel guilty.

Final interpretation: Lack of confidence in their personal skills or ability to establish relationships. Complemented by a sense of guilt.

(Clinical impression: Strict superego. Tough parenting.)

Vi. ATTITUDE TO FRIENDS AND KNOWN RATING: 1

8. It seems to me that a real friend - I would become attached to him.

23. I don't like people who are tall and huge.

38. Most of all I like people who like me.

53. When I'm not there, my friends talk about me.

Final interpretation: Dependent and passive.

(Clinical impression: Well socialized. Well received.)

Vii. ATTITUDE AT WORK AND SCHOOL SUPERVISION: 0

6. My bosses are responsible people.

21. At school, my teachers loved me.

36. When I see that the boss comes in, I continue to study

current affairs.

51. People whom I consider superior to me in position should be more charming than me.

Final interpretation: Respects the bosses and is well received by them.

(Clinical impression: Well controlled addiction.)

VIII. ATTITUDE TO SUBLIVES RATING: 2

4. If I were in a position of responsibility, I would do anything to become a good leader.

19. If people worked under my direction, I would let them go too easily.

34. The people who work for me don't like me.

48. When I give orders to other people, I feel their dislike for me.

Final interpretation: Fears that she will not be able to contain the hostility created by the power.

(Clinical impression: Unknown.)

IX. ATTITUDE TO COLLEAGUES AT WORK AND AT SCHOOL RATING: 0

13. At work, I get along best with everyone.

28. The people I work with are good people.

43. I enjoy working with people who work and fulfill their obligations.

58. My colleagues usually love me.

Final interpretation: Feels that colleagues treat him well and are in the same team with him.

(Clinical impression: Attentive, good employee.)

X. FEAR RATING: 2

1. I know it’s stupid, but I’m afraid to stand out and be rejected.

22. Most of my friends don't know that I am afraid of being rejected and standing out.

37. I would like to get rid of the fear of giving myself up.

52. Sometimes my fears make me withdraw into myself and even vomit.

Final interpretation: Fear that any achievement withhis side is rejected by others, makes him withdrawn, ormanifests itself in digestive symptoms.

(Clinical impression: Libidinal impulses, hostility, temptations.)

XII. ATTITUDE TO OWN ABILITIES RATING: 1

2. When circumstances are against me, I feel sad.

17. I believe that I have the ability to do whatever I see fit.

32. My biggest weakness is fear.

47. When luck turns away from me, I wait for it to come back to me.

Final interpretation: Feels like he has great potential, but gets depressed when faced with circumstances. Passive and depressed when dealing with them.

(Clinical impression: Too much ambition for ability. I wish I was more brilliant.)

XIV. ATTITUDE TO THE FUTURE ASSESSMENT: 0

5. I see a bright future.

20. I hope that when I will be better.

35. One day I will really be happy.

50. As I get older, I will be wiser.

Final interpretation: An optimistic outlook on health, happiness, and intellectual growth.

(Clinical impression: There are no conflicts. Feels able to do what she wants to do.)

XV. OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSESSMENT: 1

3. I've always wanted to stand out.

18. I would be absolutely happy if I was smarter.

33. My secret dream in life is to be famous.

49. Most of all from life I want a little mind, then I can get everything else.

Final interpretation: Wants to be famous and stand out despite the fears mentioned above. The goals are somewhat vague.

(Clinical impression: Wife, family, middle class life.)

GENERAL CONCLUSION (RESPONDENT No. 6)

1. Major areas of conflict and frustration: Mother, father, family members, male-female relationships, subordinates, fears and guilt.

2. Relationships between installations: The problem of a close emotional relationship with the mother, the absence of a father figure and strict upbringing led to shyness towards women, a lack of confidence in skills in personal life. Feelings of rejection as a child and an inadequate father figure left him fearful of not coping with hostility in leadership positions.

3. Personality structure:

(a) degree of responsiveness- reacts primarily to internal impulses (X and XI);

(b) emotional adaptation- emotionally squeezed (37);

(c) maturity- Self-centered goals and lack of adaptation to personal life reflect moderate immaturity;

(d) reality level- there is a tendency to overestimate their potential capabilities (17);

(e) how conflicts are expressed- the need for recognition and acceptance (VI, VIII, IX), conflicts with fear of hostility and rejection by others (X). Conflict is expressed through withdrawal, passive addiction and indigestion.

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