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Jadeite stone is suitable for someone according to the horoscope. Physical properties of the stone. 5interactions with the zodiac signs

Semi-precious stone jadeite - a mineral of predominantly green color, surpassing granite in hardness - is often confused with because of the similarity of the color range. Until the 18th century, both of these stones were called jadeite, until mineralogists established the difference in their chemical composition.

In the trade assortment, jade and jadeite to this day are often referred to under the general name "jade". Nevertheless, jadeite, which is a rarer, harder and more durable mineral, is valued much higher (for the most part, this refers to the "imperial" - a rare type of mineral).

The history of the origin of the stone

Jadeite has been known to mankind since time immemorial. During the Neolithic period, the mineral was used by primitive people for the manufacture of stone tools and weapons for hunting.

Five thousand years ago in China, jadeite was available only to members of the imperial family, who had dishes and slept on pillows made of this beautiful stone.

Powdered jadeite has been used extensively in Chinese medicine to treat heartburn, diabetes and asthma.

Jadeite, considered a sacred stone and used to make necklaces, carvings of gods and cult amulets, was mined by the Aztecs and Mayans as early as two thousand years BC. In the culture of these peoples, the mineral was valued more than gold.

One of the most revered shrines in Thailand is considered a half-meter statue of Buddha, made in the 15th century from an unusually beautiful translucent jadeite with an emerald hue.

In the Middle Ages - after some depreciation - the mineral became available to the wealthy Chinese. Wanting to provide the deceased relative with eternal life, they put into the mouth of the deceased cicada (considered a symbol of resurrection and immortality), skillfully carved from orange jadeite.

In the Chinese temple of Vofosa there is an almost two-meter-high statue of a seated Buddha, a century ago, carved from a huge block of white jadeite brought from Burma.

Jadeite was popularized in Russia (in the 19th century) by K. Faberge, who created from it unique products for the royal court.

A necklace made of jadeite magatam (ancient amulets shaped like a fang or claw of a wild beast) is still one of the three mandatory attributes of the Japanese emperor's power.

Physical properties

Jadeite, which forms in rocks at relatively low temperatures and under very high pressures, is a chained sodium aluminosilicate.


Properties:

  1. Chemical formula - NaAlSi2O6.
  2. The specific gravity of the mineral is 3.3 g / cm3.
  3. It has neither luminescence, nor dispersion, nor pleochroism.
  4. In nature, it occurs in the form of dense felt-like aggregates with a fine-grained structure. The fresh fracture of jadeite resembles sugar, sparkling with the facets of countless and very small crystals. It is the fine-grained structure, clearly visible to the naked eye, that is the main feature that makes it possible to distinguish jadeite from jade, which has a fibrous-matted structure.
  5. The hardness on the Mohs scale is 7, so the stone is polished with great difficulty.
  6. Let's dissolve in any acids.
  7. In the flame of a blowtorch, a small piece of mineral melts easily, forming a ball.
  8. The exceptional toughness of the stone makes it suitable for the finest carvings.

Place of Birth

Large deposits are located in:

  • the Chinese province of Henan;
  • the states of Jammu and Kashmir (India);
  • the American states of Nevada, Wyoming and California;
  • the Guatemalan department of El Progreso (there are stones of a very rare blue variety);
  • Mexico;
  • Japan;
  • Kazakhstan (Itmurundy deposit).
  • In Russia, jewelry and ornamental minerals are mined at the deposits of the Polar Urals (Levy Kechpel, Karovoe, Pusierka).

The best examples of jewelry jadeite come from Myanmar (formerly Burma). In the state of Kachin, mining has been carried out since the 13th century. Only here there are imperial gems of extraordinary beauty and the highest quality.

Varieties

Jadeite - contrary to popular belief, it can be colored not only in different shades of green. In nature, there are stones of white, pink, red, purple and blue colors. It has been established that the gem acquires red or yellowish tints as a result of prolonged weathering.

According to the requirements of the trade classification, jadeites are usually divided into groups:

"Imperial"


The best are considered jewelry varieties "imperial": pure translucent stones, painted in emerald green color. The cost of these stones, sometimes cut, may exceed the cost of emeralds.

"Utilities"

Natural jadeite of the "Utility" variety is opaque and most often colored bright green, although in nature there are stones that have a white matte color and cloudy pattern. Black shiny minerals are quite rare. The color of these ornamental stones is characterized by heterogeneity.

"Commercial"

Also devoid of transparency, they are characterized by the presence of small spots and transparent veins. Painted green or gray-green, they are most often used as decorative ornamental material, and only a few samples are suitable for making jewelry.

Chloromelanite

Dark green, strewn with black spots, jadeites are called chloromelanites. They owe their dark color to admixtures of sodium, iron and aluminum silicate.


Stones of dense green color with dark blotches are called jade albites or albite jadeites.

Magical properties

The magical properties of jadeite are able to withstand the effects of any kind of negative energy. The stone can protect its owner from envious people and ill-wishers, protect it from street thefts, and ward off major troubles.

Ancient people endowed the stone with the ability to change the weather, so with its help, sorcerers and shamans performed a ritual that helps to stop a heavy downpour or cause rain in the midst of a drought.

The mineral, which makes it easier to find a life partner, helps not only create a strong family, but also prevent conflicts, scandals and the likelihood of adultery. That is why it is often called the “peacemaker stone”.

It is necessary to wear it constantly for people suffering from mental disabilities: its effect will help to relax, soften anger, and reduce nervousness.

For people with low self-esteem, the mineral will help them gain self-confidence, make the right and mature decision.

Having succumbed to the positive influence of the stone, its owner loses the ability to commit illegal and immoral actions.

Medicinal properties

The fact that the mineral has medicinal properties is indicated by its name, which in Spanish means "kidney stone".


There are two versions explaining the etymology of the name:

  1. The Europeans, who christened the gem jadeite, believed that it was able to heal a patient suffering from renal colic.
  2. Often kidney-shaped.

Lithotherapists claim that the mineral heals a person's bioenergetics, thereby improving his condition.

If you have health problems, jadeite jewelry should be worn at all times:

  1. The owner of the jadeite bracelet will gain vigor and can hope for the normalization of the heart rate. There is an opinion that with the help of a bracelet you can get rid of any ailments, especially psychological disorders.
  2. A ring with jadeite, constantly worn on the index finger of the left hand, can relieve eye strain and relieve myopia.

Jadeite necklaces and bracelets contribute to the healing of the sick suffering from:

  • cardiovascular disease;
  • stomach cramps;
  • surges in blood pressure;
  • salt deposits;
  • bowel diseases.

They are also used in the treatment of:

  • male impotence;
  • female infertility and frigidity;
  • diseases of the reproductive organs;
  • colds;
  • sleep disorders.

Green stones help calm and relieve stress. Instances of red color, endowed with the ability to improve blood clotting, contribute to the rapid healing of wounds. White jadeites eliminate meteosensitivity and activate immunity.

Jadeite can be used to treat pets, just put it next to the place intended for their rest.

Who is suitable for the sign of the zodiac?

Jadeite ruled by Saturn, Venus and the Moon is ideal for those born under the sign Libra... With his help, they will be able to build reliable family relationships.

The sign of the zodiac enjoys no less patronage. Virgo... The support of the stone will make Virgo more confident in their abilities.

They can count on the powerful energy support of jadeite Lions.

For a person born under the sign of Capricorn, Cancer or Sagittarius, the possession of jadeite can bring some misfortune. Under the influence of the stone, he can become lazy, callous and mentally unstable.

Jadeite harmonizes well with representatives of all the remaining zodiacal constellations, enhancing their positive qualities.

Talismans and charms


For a long time, jadeite has been credited with a close connection with weather and natural phenomena. It is believed that the jadeite amulet is able to protect its owner from the rampant of the elements: fire, lightning, storm and hurricane.

A talisman made of jadeite will help a businessman to make a successful and profitable deal, you just have to squeeze it in your fist during its conclusion.

Possessing a jadeite amulet, which gives a person prudence, helps him avoid mistakes and unjustified actions.

The owner of the stone gains the ability not to get involved in conflicts, which helps him to establish relationships with colleagues at work or with family members.

Jadeite is a stone that heals the microclimate of family relationships. It relieves unreasonable jealousy, forcing them to trust a partner, helps to find a common language with children and facilitates the process of their upbringing, prompting in time what they should be protected from and what to help.

Decorations

For the manufacture of jewelry - rings, pendants, brooches, beads and bracelets - use different types of jadeite (most often related to the varieties "imperial", "commercial" and "utility").

The gold setting activates the hidden energy of the stone, while the silver setting helps the mineral to have a soothing effect.

When creating jewelry with jadeite, the jeweler most often gives the stones the appearance of a cabochon.

Other uses of stone

For a long time, jadeite was used exclusively as an ornamental stone.

In addition to jewelry, he went to the manufacture of candlesticks, cups, caskets, vases and writing instruments.


Chopped jadeite, which has a lower quality but more blockiness, is an ideal stone for arranging a bath. This is facilitated by its unique characteristics: high density, optimal heat capacity, the ability to withstand heating up to 1000 degrees, without collapsing or deforming during sudden temperature changes, including sudden cooling.

For a bath

"Banny" jadeite is used:

  1. When building stoves for saunas and Russian baths.
  2. As a backfill for a sauna stove. Chemically inert jadeite, which does not react with water even at very high temperatures, promotes the formation of steam, which has a healing effect on all organs (especially respiratory) and tissues of the human body. It disinfects the air in the steam room, normalizes blood pressure and improves the condition of people suffering from spinal diseases.

Jadeite is rarely used in the manufacture of cutting blades for glass cutters.

The polished mineral is actively used in stone therapy: it is used in massage parlors to perform a unique face and body massage.

In ancient times, the incredibly strong and heat-resistant jadeite was used for wall decoration in twin rooms. Today it is used for interior decoration and in construction.

Price

The price of jadeite products depends on the quality of the stones used.


When evaluating a stone, take into account:

  • its transparency;
  • color intensity;
  • grain;
  • the presence of inclusions.

The cheapest (from 2 to 3 dollars for one kg of crushed mineral) are stones of the "utility" grade. The highest value is the jadeite of the "imperial" variety. The most precious samples can cost up to $ 50,000 per gram.

You can buy stones and jewelry made from them in specialized salons, at exhibitions and sales of gems and in online stores.

Care

Since jadeite can lose its natural beauty and unique properties over time due to improper care and careless cleaning, it should be treated with great care.

The rules of care are extremely simple:

  1. A separate padded case is required to store jade jewelry.
  2. Jadeite products should be protected from dust, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and mechanical damage.
  3. It is unacceptable to store the stone in a room with high air humidity.
  4. When cleaning, jadeite jewelry should be removed.
  5. Jadeite jewelry should be cleaned at least twice a year. To do this, it is enough to thoroughly wash them with warm soapy water using a piece of soft sponge. The washed jewelry should be blotted with a soft cloth and dried well. The use of chemicals is strictly prohibited.

How to distinguish from a fake?


The microstructure of natural polished stone is not smooth, but resembles a porous orange peel.

When buying expensive stones, you can resort to using a refractometer. The refractive index of natural jadeite is 1.65-1.66 units.

In 2016, a huge (weighing about 175 tons) jadeite monolith was found in one of the Burmese mines. The approximate cost of the stone is at least 170 million US dollars.

The world's largest faceted imperial jadeite was presented in 1980 at the emporium (exhibition and sale) of precious stones, held in the capital of Burma - Rangoon. The 750-carat translucent emerald green jadeite was valued at about US $ 2 million.

Nobody can say for sure where the name of the jadeite stone came from. There are only suggestions that it is a derivative of the Spanish expression piedro de jade, which means kidney stone. This is explained by the fact that with urolithiasis formations appear, the type and composition resembling jadeite. Or, perhaps, the associations arose due to the fact that a jadeite stone rolled by river water resembles a human kidney in shape. In this it is akin to jade, the name of which is also translated from Greek as a kidney. It is interesting that jade and jadeite are relatives not only in linguistics, but also in geology.

In English, the mineral is called Axestone, which literally translates as "stone of axes". This name explains more about the properties of the stone. It is four times stronger. During archaeological excavations, they found a lot of jadeite tools. They are not sharp, but they cannot be damaged.

The stone began to be used in the Neolithic era. The popularity of jadeite axes did not diminish even at the time when man learned to work with metal. Gradually, stone weapons and dishes from everyday objects became ritual, magical properties were attributed to them. With the development of culture, they began to make figurines and decorations. For example, in China, archaeologists have found jadeite items 4-5 thousand years old. In the Celestial Empire, he was considered a symbol of the emperor's power. The stones were used to make seals and money of the highest denomination. The Aztecs valued jadeite more than precious metals and gems. When Cortez was taking gold from Mexico, Montezuma was glad that the conquerors did not know about the deposits of pink jadeite.

The mineral belongs to semi-precious stones. In terms of chemical composition, it is sodium and aluminum silicate from the pyroxene group.

Jadeite is green, red, yellow, white, blue. The color of the stone depends on the admixtures of manganese, magnesium, titanium, chromium and iron. Since iron tends to oxidize, then the stone after it is able to change color. Many specimens have spots, streaks and streaks, but the most valuable material is evenly colored dark green. The mineral is grainy, which can be seen with the naked eye. This distinguishes it from, which has a fibrous structure.

The mineral was first described by the French scientist A. Demour. He combined under one name several minerals related in composition: jade, serpentine, jadeite. But this classification did not take root, and each of these stones has its own name. The confusion persists to this day. Different mineralogical schools build their own classifications.

The properties of jadeite are described in the table:

The main properties of the mineral are density and hardness. It lends itself well to cutting: it does not crumble or break. It is a popular material for making crafts and figurines.

Transparent types of minerals without foreign inclusions are used to make inserts in rings, brooches, pendants and earrings.

The mineral is loved for its high thermal conductivity and resistance to temperature extremes. Even in a closed heater, it does not crack. This made it a popular bath stone.

Deposits and production

Compared to jade, it is not common. Especially when it comes to high quality raw materials. This is due to the fact that for the formation of this mineral, special conditions are necessary, unchanged for many centuries: high pressure, low temperature, constant concentration of the constituent minerals.

Jadeite occurs in the form of lenses and veins in massifs of serpentinites and gneisses. This mineral almost does not form crystals; it is most often found in cryptocrystalline or granular masses. It is rock-forming for glaucophane schists.

There are only two fields being developed in Russia. The Krasnoyarsk Territory contains 90% of all Russian jadeite. According to rough estimates, the Borusskoye deposit contains 24.5 thousand tons of the mineral. The second deposit is located in the Polar Urals.

Rare blue minerals are mined in Guatemala, the most famous are found in Burma. Large deposits are also known in India and America. Minor jadeite deposits have been found in China, Japan, Guatemala.

Mineral varieties

Its colors are different due to the depth of occurrence, impurities, and their concentration.

In the jewelry market, green jadeite is usually divided into three grades in terms of quality:

  • imperial. The stone is distinguished by a bright green color without spots, a fine-grained structure and transparency. Jewelry is made from it;
  • commercial. It is an opaque stone with translucent veins and spots. He also goes to the manufacture of inexpensive jewelry;
  • utilities. This type differs from the two previous ones in complete opacity, fibrousness, large grains are visible in the thickness of the stone. The stone is used as an ornamental stone.

Separately, it is worth highlighting white jadeite, which among stone-cutters is called "mutton fat" for its dirty creamy color. This variety is relatively inexpensive and is used exclusively for crafts. Even after polishing, such a stone remains dull, its surface resembles an orange peel, so craftsmen ennoble it with varnish and sometimes tint it green.

In addition, specialists in the field of mineralogy separately distinguish the following varieties:

  • jade albid is a breed that combines jadeite and albite. Its deposits are located in Burma;
  • yuan jade is also mined in Burma, but the name is given in honor of the Chinese province, since more of the extracted raw materials are supplied there;
  • kingfisher jade has a bluish tint;
  • magnetite jade has a black color due to impurities of magnetite.

The healing properties of jadeite

Jadeite itself does not have healing properties and is not able to heal the disease on its own, but its main feature is to enhance the effect of drugs. It is used as an accompanying agent in such cases:

  • treatment of kidney disease. Especially green varieties contribute to this;
  • lowering blood pressure;
  • restoration of the cardiovascular system;
  • infertility treatment;
  • increased potency in men;
  • strengthening the nervous system;
  • improvement of well-being in meteosensitive people during changes of weather or magnetic storms.

Lithotherapists believe that jadeite, with its energy vibrations, affects every cell of the body, therefore it is able to rejuvenate the body, as well as raise vitality and heal all internal organs.

Ancient Chinese medicine has carried several recipes using jadeite powder to this day.

Mixed with fruit juice, the powder was a medicine against diabetes and asthma, as well as a tonic and tonic.

To prepare the "Divine Drink from Jade", you need to take jadeite powder, rice, dew and boil it all in a copper pot. Then filter the broth. The remedy was used to strengthen muscles and bones, and to make the body flexible and resilient. Travelers used the decoction so as not to suffer from hunger and thirst.

Tibetan monks used jadeite to stabilize a person's energy, recharge, calm and neutralize bad moods.

Jadeite stones are used in baths and saunas. The heated jadeite becomes a source of infrared radiation. Ions of sodium and other minerals, released during heating, have a beneficial effect on the respiratory system and heart.

The magical properties of the stone

In China, jadeite was revered as the forefather of all stones. It was used during life to strengthen the body and spirit, and before death, they drank dissolved powder to rid the body of decay. For the same purpose, the deceased were wrapped in jadeite clothes.

Jadeite symbolizes the union of masculine and feminine. During the engagement, the boy and the girl exchanged jadeite crafts or jewelry. This was considered a step towards building a strong family and home comfort. The amulet kept tender feelings throughout the years of marriage, softened the spouses, made it possible to understand each other and saved them from quarrels.

The stone improves relations not only between husband and wife, but also between all family members. The elders learn to understand the younger ones without bothering them with maxims, and the younger ones treat the elders more respectfully.

In addition, jadeite has the following magical properties:

  • brings success in business. If, when concluding a deal, you hold a jadeite stone in your right hand, then the signing will not fail;
  • in gambling, the stone attracts luck and winnings;
  • develops honesty and a sense of justice in a person;
  • gives self-confidence;
  • gives calmness;
  • clarifies thoughts, does not allow making mistakes or straying from the righteous path;
  • helps to show wisdom in conflict situations;
  • extinguishes outbursts of rage;
  • enlightens the soul;
  • reconciles warring people;
  • removes evil spirits, evil eye and damage.

Jadeite is strongly associated with nature. It was used to change the weather: stop rain or drought. A jadeite figurine in the house wards off lightning. A piece of jadeite buried in the field makes the soil fertile.

Jadeite has a beneficial effect on the zodiac sign Libra and Virgo. They become more successful with him, achieving heights in their careers and improving their personal lives. The zodiac sign, scorpio, mineral is contraindicated, since they have a strong energy, the stone will resist and suppress them, which can result in depression. The rest of the zodiac signs can safely.

Jadeite remains faithful to its owner all its life. The stone protects the owner with all its might. There are legends that this durable stone splits spontaneously, taking on the negative sent to the owner. If this happened, then the amulet must be buried, thanking him for his help.

Jadeite is not only beautiful, but also an energetically strong stone. For the Chinese, this is the standard in everything. Many wealthy people wear a ring with jadeite cut in the form of a cabochon. The less a person interfered with the natural beauty of the stone, the stronger the effect of the talisman.

Jadeite is popular with many peoples of the world. Outwardly, it looks like jade, but has a different chemical structure. Even the ancient people noticed the ability of the gem to change the weather. There are very few deposits in the world, so jadeite is considered a rare stone.

The stone was first used more than 4 thousand years ago in China. They were used to decorate the outfits of the emperor and his entourage. A little later, the gem found its use in medicine for the treatment of a number of diseases.

The Mexicans and Americans used the jadeite stone as a cult stone. The Aztecs used it to worship the sun god. They had a high price for it. Figures of idols and charms were made of stone. Even today, ancient Mexican temples contain carved jadeite ornaments.

The name of the mineral comes from the Spanish word "piedrodejade", which translates as "kidney". Until the 19th century, a whole group of stones, which were dense or tangled fibrous aggregates, was called jade. Jade was also included. In 1836 the chemist A. Demur divided the stones according to their chemical composition. Jadeite began to be called dense green rocks used in stone-cutting craft.

Place of Birth

Geologists have solved the mystery of the origin of jadeite only recently. The precious mineral is formed in the metamorphic mountain depths. High pressure and sub-zero temperatures are a prerequisite for forming. The gem can be found in the form of lenses or veins in massifs of serpentinized hyperbasites and serpentinites.

A little more than ten jadeite deposits are known all over the world. Abroad, the gem is mined in China, Japan, the USA and other countries. High quality specimens found in Burma. In Japanese sources, stones of green and white color were found only in a small amount. American and Guatemalan gems are of little value due to their coarse grain.

In our country, mineral deposits are found in a number of places:

  • Polar Urals;
  • Far East;
  • North Caucasus;
  • Krasnoyarsk region.

The largest domestic deposit, Borusskoye, is located between the Yenisei and Kantegir.

Varieties

Jewelry jadeite is subdivided into three grades. The classification evaluated the degree of transparency and saturation of the green hue.

Jadeite has been known to mankind since ancient times. Back in the Stone Age, it was used to make weapons and various household tools. Later, it became widely used for processing in the manufacture of jewelry and art products, especially in Central America. It was a cult stone among the Aztecs and was more valuable than gold. Until now, in Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Panama, Costa Rica, art products and amulets of the ancient Mayan culture are found from jadeite. However, over almost three thousand years of history jade not separated from the jade that looks like it. In China, these stones were known as "yu" and symbolized nobility, beauty, purity, friendly feelings; at a later time they began to be called "feytsui", or "the stone of the royal fish".
In Europe, these two minerals from the time of the Spanish conquests of South and Central America were known under the name "jade" from the Spanish. piedra deijada - kidney stone, or side stone, since in Mexico, from where these stones were imported, local tribes believed that they cured pain in the side. At the beginning of the 18th century. jade began to be imported into Europe from China. Until now, jadeite and nephrite are often combined under a single name "jade". AE Fersman wrote that in this case we meet with a rare phenomenon of remarkable similarity of two minerals of different composition. This fact was established only in 1869 by the French mineralogist A. Demur.

There are different interpretations of the origin of the name. One of the first - from the Spanish "hietta di hijada" (Monardes, 1569; according to Foshag), which in Latin translation means "lapis nephriticus", that is, "stone that heals the kidneys." The abbreviated name from the French jade - jade was introduced by Last in 1648. In the industry for the processing of ornamental stones and in archeology, the name "jade" has been preserved, combining jadeite itself (pyroxene) and nephrite (amphibole).
The English name for the mineral is Jadeite.

Synonyms: Sodium spodumene - Natronspodumen (Krenner, 1900, according to Delter, 1914), pseudo jadeite - pseudojadeite (Penfield, 1900, according to Lacroix, 1930), sodium jade - soda-jade or sodium jadeite - soda jadeite, common jade - common jade (Hay, 1950), persivalite - persivalite (Delter, 1914), jadeite chloromelanite - j adeitic chloromelanite (Tröger, 1962), chloromelanite - chloromelanite, jadeite pyroxene - jadeitic pyroxene, jadeite-aegirine rich in jadeite-jadeite ... The name of the ornamental stone of the Aztecs and the ancient Mayans is chalchihuitl - chalchihuitl ,. tuxtlite-tuxtlite corresponds to jadeite or omphacite, "diopside-jadeite or" chlormelanite ". Chinese names for greenish-white and white jadeite: hi-sui, hisui - hisui, fei-tsui - fei-t'sui, feitsui, u-fei-chi, yu (uy) -fei-tchi (where hee, chi, tchi , teu - stone; fairy, fei - white).

Jadeite Formula

(Na, Ca) (Al, Mg, Fe 2+)

Chemical composition

The chemical theoretical composition for the formula NaАlSi 2 O 6: sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 10-15%, alumina (Al 2 O 3) 17-26%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2) 55-59%; in addition, iron oxide (FeO) 0-5%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.2-7%, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.3-12%. It is characterized by relatively narrow limits of composition variation. The structure allows small amounts of Ca and K to enter jadeite instead of Na in M ​​(2); Mg, Fe2 +, Fe3 +, Ti3 + instead of Al in M ​​(1). In addition, it is possible for Fe2 + and Mg to be found in M ​​(2) and Al in T. In jadeite, there are two types of isomorphic substitutions (although weakly expressed): isovalent with Fe 3+ and Ti 3+, replacing Al in M ​​(1), and heterovalent - Ca, Mg, Fe 2 + replace Na in M ​​(2), and Mg, Fe 2+ - Al in M ​​(1). The first type of substitution leads to the composition of aegirine-jadeite, the second to the composition of omphacite

Varieties

Chromjadeite - chrom-jadeite. Named for chromium content.
Synonyms: Astridite - astridite (for ornamental stone from New Guinea), thaumawite - Tawmawite (poorly studied, mistakenly attributed to epidote).
The emerald green color and strong pleochroism are associated with the Cr content: green for Ng, bluish green for Nm, and yellow-green for Np. Biaxial (+). Density 3.34.
The composition of chrome jadeite from the Tau-Mau deposit (Burma): Na 2 O - 13.20; K 2 O - 0.40, CaO - 0.75, MgO - 2.82, FeO - 0.06, Al 2 O 3 - 19.40, Cr 2 O 3 - 3.75, Fe 2 O 3 - 1 , 37, SiO 2 - 57.90, TiO 2 - 0.23, H 2 O + - 0.60, H 2 O - 0.05, sum 100.53. In Tau-Mau (Burma), it is associated with chromium epidote, chromite and amphibole ("cechenyite"). Forms aggregates of fine grains (0.1-1 mm). Rocks with bright green chrome jadeite in Burma and New Guinea were used as ornamental stones.

Crystallographic characteristic

Syngonia. Monoclinic. L2PC
Class. Monoclino-prismatic. Axis ratio. 1.103: 1: 0.609; p = 107 ° 26 ".
Crystal structure
The structure is similar to diopside, differs from it mainly in the smaller size of the M (1) polyhedron (Al -O = 1.928 A) and the straightening of the chain of Si-O tetrahedra with O (3) -O (3) -O (3) = 174.7 °. An eight-vertex Na has six O at a distance of 2.378 A and two O at a distance of 2.741 A. At 800 ° the structure of jadeite is preserved, but the average interatomic distances increase, especially M (2) - O, less than M (1) - Oh and slightly T-O.
The main forms are a (100), b (010), m (110), u (111).

Form of being in nature


Crystal Form

Isolated, well-cut crystals are extremely rare. Their appearance is prismatic, rarely lamellar along (100). Crystals up to 3 cm.
Twins along (100), with a deviation along the с axis up to 1 ° 34.
Aggregates. Sheaf-like, radially-radiating, medium- and fine-grained aggregates (grain size up to 3 mm), dense masses, form lenses in gneisses.

Physical properties

Optical

  • The color of the mineral is predominantly white or gray with various shades (bluish-white, yellowish-white, greenish-white, grayish-white, greenish-gray, yellowish-gray), also green, blue, violet, sometimes dark gray (from inclusions of ore minerals). The green color is probably related to the iron content, sometimes in combination with chromium. In the same deposit, green varieties are usually more ferruginous than white, but in different deposits, whites may contain more FeO and Fe2O3 than green ones.
  • The line is white, in green varieties it is pale greenish.
  • Gloss is matte, semi-glass, glassy.
  • The ebb on the cleavage planes is sometimes slightly pearlescent.
  • Transparency Opaque in solid masses, translucent to transparent in thin sections and in crystals

Mechanical

  • Hardness 6-6.5
  • Density of transparent jadeite 3.14-3.43
  • Perfect cleavage along (110), separation according to (100) and (010).
  • The fracture is uneven, sometimes splintered.

In solid masses, it has an unusually high viscosity, which is sometimes higher than that of jade.

Other properties

The electrical conductivity is weak. It is not magnetized in an electric field; the most ferruginous varieties are hardly magnetized. In cathode and ultraviolet rays, jadeite usually does not luminesce; jadeite from Burma glows in cathode rays. Under the influence of electron flux, California jadeite exhibits spotty fluorescence (blue, turquoise, and green). White jadeite from the Balkhash region at 950-970 ° and a pressure of 1 atm within 1 hour is destroyed with the formation of β-jadeite of a non-pyroxene structure.
Artificial production of a mineral.

Well-formed crystals were first obtained in 1953 at 20 kbar and 900 ° from a mixture of kaolin and Na 2 CO 3. From glass of jadeite composition it crystallizes at 12-24 kbar and 600-1200 °, from jadeite melt - at 25-45 kbar and 1300-1500 °. Obtained as a product of analcime dehydration at 600-900 ° and 12-25 kbar (the reaction proceeds in the presence of albite). Formed during decomposition of albite and orthoclase at high pressures. It was obtained from acid volcanic glass in the presence of water at 25 kbar and 500-600 ° together with quartz and potassium-sodium feldspar, at 35-50 kbar and 600-900 ° - together with kousite and a substance of the composition of potassium-sodium feldspar, but with OH groups in the structure.

Diagnostic signs

Similar minerals. Jade (amphibole).
It differs from similar in solid masses of jade by the absence of a fine-fibrous structure, a reaction to Na. In thin sections from nephrite and actinolite - by a positive optical sign. From colorless omphacite in thin sections - with lower refractive indices, from other colorless clinopyroxenes in thin sections - by lower light refraction (from spodumene and aegirine also by a larger extinction angle, and from fassaite - by lower birefringence).
Satellites. Rock-forming minerals of gneisses. albite, quartz, plagioclase, analpim, natrolite, epidote, zoisite, titanite, actinolite, chlorite, garnet, muscovite.

Origin and location

Jadeite is formed during the metamorphism (fneisation) of rocks rich in alkalis (sodium), especially in the course of mountain-building processes.

Mineral change

It is replaced by quartz, albite (sometimes with muscovite), glaucophane, paragonite, nepheline, analcime. Complete decomposition of jadeite with the formation of analcime, quartz and arfvedsonite or tremolite and zeolite was noted. The replacement processes are associated with the formation of corollas of radiant aggregates of omphacite or aegirine (?) On jadeite segregations.

Place of Birth

Compared to other pyroxenes, it is not widely distributed. However, in some areas it forms large, almost monomineral, accumulations called jadeite. It is characteristic of rocks of the glaucophane facies formed from basic and ultrabasic effusive and intrusive or sedimentary rocks. The appearance of jadeite is presumably associated with metasomatic processing under the action of sodium solutions of albitites, plagioclasites, plagiogranites, or gabbroids occurring in the bodies of hyperbasites. At the same time, P - T conditions for the formation of jadeite are not clear enough. Some researchers believe jadeite as an indicator of high pressures, others - low. The following P - T values ​​of the conditions for the formation of jadeite are given: 17-15 kbar and 1000-800 °, 11 kbar and 500 °, 10-6 kbar and 350-250 °, 8-4 kbar and 400-150 °. Po, jadeite enriched in Fe3 is stable at lower pressures than iron-free. The association of jadeite with albite is characteristic; it is also accompanied by other pyroxenes, quartz, plagioclase, analpim, natrolite, epidote, zoisite, titanite, actinolite, chlorite, garnet, and muscovite.
In the massifs of hyperbasites, jadeite is found in the Balkhash region (Kenterlausky massif), in the Western Sayan (Borus massif) in Armenia (Dzhil-Satanakhach massif). In the Itmurundinsky deposit (Kenterlausky massif), there are vein-like and lenticular bodies of white and gray jadeitite, which in the endocontact zone is to some extent replaced by green jadeite, albite, analcime, natrolite, and tremolite. Jadeite and jadeite-albite bodies with phlogopite and actinolite-tremolite are known in the serpentinites of the Pay-Er massif (Polar Urals) at the Levo-Kechpel deposit. Tau-Mau jade bodies in Burma are classic abroad. As in the Balkhash region, their central part is composed of jadeite, the intermediate zone is albite-jadeite, external, at the contacts with serpentinites - chlorite or amphibole. Large bodies of jadeite are found in serpentinites of the Franciscan glaucophane series of the Coast Ranges of the piece. California. Jadeite is known in the bodies of serpentinites of Japan, China and metagabbro of Piedmont (Italy). Boulders and pebbles of jadeite, together with rocks of the glaucophane facies of metamorphism, are found in the alluvial terraces of the r. Motagua (Guatemala).
In the products of metamorphism of sedimentary and effusive rocks, jadeite with quartz and almandine was found in the “eclogite” shales of the Maksyutovsky complex in the South Urals and in the amygdala of glaucophanized metabasalts of the Penzhinsky belt of Kamchatka. Abroad, jadeite of this type is known in Colombia among eclogites in association with almandine and quartz; California (USA) - in albite-crossite-jadeite and albite-crossite-aegirine schists included in serpentinites, in Japan - in psammites and pelites of the Sanbagawa in association with muscovite, lavsonite, glaucophan, in metagrawackes and crystalline shales with lavitomycotan, lavitomicotan , albite and stilpnomelan. In the mica schists of the Italian Alps, jadeite forms rims of potassium feldspar porphyroblasts. Contained in rhyolites cutting the glaucophane schists of Corsica. In the Western Alps, jadeite is widespread in the metagrawackes and arkoses of the glaucophan-lawsonite schists facies. Together with lavsonite, albite, and sericite, jadeite is part of the blastopsammitic quartzites of the Sulawesi Island. The inner parts of its crystals, judging by the optical constants, are composed of aegirine-jadeite.
It is known the formation of jadeite during shock compression in the form of the smallest (0.1 μm) grains in the maselinite of the impactites of the Rhys meteorite crater (Germany). The minimum impulse pressure in this case was about 250-300 kbar. Jadeite is also known as a mineral of relatively low pressures and temperatures. Such are, for example, its needle crystals on the walls of hollow veins and geodes in metagrawackes and glaucophane schists of the piece. California, in the amygdala of Kamchatka basalts together with glaucophane, in rhyolites cutting the glaucophane schists of the Corsica Island.
As an epigenetic mineral of low pressures and temperatures, jadeite is found in weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks: in radiolarian shales, graywackes, and conglomerates of the San Francisco region, where it is associated with crossite and lawsonite, in quartzites of the Sulawesi Island, in muscovite shales of small-grained Italian Alps, in formed on potassium feldspar nodules, etc.

THE HISTORY OF JADE - THE TALISMAN OF THIRST A lot of guesses and conjectures revolve around what kind of stone is actually inlaid in the frame of the Jadi pendant, namely: jadeite or nevertheless nephrite. After all, the nature of the origin of these stones is very similar. Jadeite is a silicate of sodium, aluminum and iron. Jade is a silicate of magnesium, calcium and iron. In ancient times, people did not distinguish between these two minerals and perceived them as one and the same stone. And still in many languages ​​jade and jade have the same name - jade. Hence the name of the main character - Zhadi. Let us recall the legend of the appearance of the Jadi pendant itself. Mother Zhadi, being pregnant, loved to relax in the shade of a large tree. One day, a green glow caught her attention. And as soon as Zhadi's mother went away to see what shone there so much, she found a stone that attracted her curiosity - lightning struck the tree, burning it to the ground. So Zhadi's mother and, accordingly, Zhadi herself miraculously survived thanks to the stone, which later became Zhadi's talisman. Extraction of jade since ancient times was not difficult - it is found and found not only in rocks, but also simply in placers. Jade is still often found along the banks of rivers, streams in the form of jade gravel. And even on mountain spits, for example, in the taiga. River jade is often valued higher, as it is already polished with water and can shine like a finished gem. As for jadeite, there are not so many deposits of it (no more than a dozen known all over the world); at the same time, good quality raw materials (bright minerals) are mined only in Burma (Myanmar). But well-formed prismatic crystals can be found there extremely rarely, as jadeite is found in deposits, where it occurs in the form of massive plates. Jade is a stone more than legendary. Like many others, it was originally a completely utilitarian material, but then, when people became interested in the beauty of products, it gained even more popularity. In China, jade was more valuable than gold. In other countries, it was treated more restrainedly, but it was still used with pleasure to create both works of art and jewelry. Talking about the history of jade, it is necessary first of all to note its unique properties. It is not a very hard stone, but it has a fine fiber structure, making it incredibly strong and tough. There is a legend that a block of jade was put on an anvil and they wanted to split it by hitting it with a blacksmith's hammer. But the anvil itself cracked and fell apart in two. Unlike the same diamond or ruby ​​(materials are incredibly hard, but fragile), it is impossible to split jade. During the Neolithic period, it was used to make primitive tools such as scrapers, axes, knives. Such tools are still found in many excavations of the sites of primitive people. As for the use of jade for decorative purposes, its history also goes back many centuries. There are deposits of this stone on almost all continents, therefore, many peoples used it, although it was revered more than others in China. According to one of the legends, an emperor who was famous for his righteousness lived in ancient China. The gods decided to encourage him by sending rain from a previously unseen stone to the earth. When he touched the celestial stone, he learned about all the amazing properties of this material - jade. Since then, the stone began to be valued in this country more than gold, since it personified everything good that can be imagined. He was one of the symbols of the emperor's power, and some varieties, for example, milky white, "the color of lamb fat", could only belong to him. There were many beliefs and traditions associated with jade. For example, special parcels with a stone were carried with them by the emperor's envoys as a confirmation of their status. And in some periods, people addressing the emperor directly had to hold small plates of jade in front of their faces so that the breath of mere mortals would not offend the “son of heaven”. As for the use of jade for jewelry purposes, here the Chinese have reached the heights of skill. Anything was made from it - from massagers and healing plates of various sizes and shapes to real works of art. Vases, boxes and dishes were found among other peoples, but the real miracle is the Chinese jade carving. They learned to carve living, almost breathing, translucent sculptures from this stone, so delicate and weightless that it is difficult to imagine that they were once a piece of jade. The tradition of decorating funeral dresses and other attributes with this stone is interesting. It was believed to provide deceased people with the best possible place in the afterlife. Sometimes they even made a kind of armor from it, fastening jade plates with silver or gold wire. There are many jade colors. Translated from Greek, the name of this stone, jade, translates as "kidney" (meaning an organ of the body). The fact is that this mineral was often found in river beds. The pebbles rolled over the years became rounded, really similar to this organ. Its outdated name is jade, which connects it with another stone - jadeite. It was only in the nineteenth century that they learned to distinguish between these two types of stone. Green jade is the most common. It is this color that is typical for him most of all, and its shades can be different: from pale, yellow-green to dark swamp. Malachite has a similar palette, but these stones are completely different in structure. Sometimes there are completely different variations. For example, white jade. It was valued more than gold in China, long time remaining one of the symbols of imperial power. Only members of the ruling family could have jewelry and products made from such jade. Maybe the other extreme is black jade. It was from this stone that the tombstone was made on the grave of the great Tamerlane. The rare blue and red jade are even more expensive and much less common. The color of jade depends on the chemical composition. Magnesium, iron and manganese give it color, and, depending on the ratio, determine the color. The price of jade depends not only on its color, but also on the pattern. The most expensive are stones of even color, without spots and transitions. There are two types of jade deposits. The first one is traditional underground veins, the second one is river placers, thanks to which it got its name. Of course, rivers carry only small stones, while very large formations are found underground. The heaviest solid block of jade weighed 8 tons and was found about fifty years ago. The Chinese government took a long time deciding what to make of this miracle of nature, and, in the end, a statue of Buddha about 6 meters high was carved out of it. Most appreciated is the translucent jade, such that it shines through on thin sections. It is this combination of tenderness and incredible hardness, even for a stone, that made jade one of the most valuable ornamental materials. It would be surprising if a stone like jade did not have magical properties in the eyes of people. For example, it is believed that he is able to help a person change his life for the better and begin the path to self-improvement himself. In addition, it gives good luck in business, so it is recommended to be worn by business people, in whose work much depends on the coincidence of circumstances. He was also always considered the talisman of people of mental labor. It is believed that jade reacts not only to mood, but also to people's actions. For the dishonest and unkind, it can fade, become cloudy. For those who live the right life, it remains pure and translucent. In China, jade was considered the best remedy for almost all diseases, both physical and mental. It was applied, ground into powder and taken with food, carried with you. Traditional Chinese medicine actively uses the healing properties of jade. Jade is able to accumulate and retain heat well. If you hold it in your hands and then apply it to a sore spot, the stone will slowly give off heat, relieving pain and inflammation. Jade is often used to treat kidney and genitourinary disorders. To do this, you must always carry it with you. It can also help relieve attacks of cholecystitis and pancreatitis. Jade is considered an ornamental stone, so it is actively used to create a variety of products, from huge vases and bowls to small rings, earrings, pendants. Many of them are unique and are made by craftsmen in a single copy. But you can often find replicated products: glasses, wine glasses, glasses. It is believed that the water poured into them acquires special properties. Various table figures and decorations (balls, pyramids), paperweights, tableware, clocks and souvenirs are popular. Sometimes jade is used to decorate larger items: furniture, fireplaces, interior items. As for jade jewelry, they are also found, although not too often. Rings carved from solid stones, thin inserts into earrings, pendants and brooches look beautiful.