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There is a miscarriage at 1 month. Carrying heavy weights, falling, having a violent sex life. Early miscarriage risk

Miscarriage - spontaneous interruption of gestation (gestation) during the first 20-22 weeks, which is determined by the viability of the fetus. Spontaneous termination of pregnancy after 22 weeks is called preterm labor. According to statistics, 15-20% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage, of which 80% of pregnancies are terminated within the first 12 weeks. What does a miscarriage look like? How to determine an incipient miscarriage? Is it worth keeping a pregnancy when a miscarriage begins?

Miscarriage: Overview of Spontaneous Abortion

Regardless of the reasons that provoked a miscarriage, spontaneous abortion occurs according to the same scheme: the action of a factor provoking a miscarriage, detachment of the fetus from the uterine wall, removal of the fetus from the uterine cavity. Most early miscarriages are not diagnosed as such, but are perceived by women as the natural onset of menstruation. The likelihood of a miscarriage decreases in direct proportion to the gestational age - the longer the gestational age, the less the likelihood of spontaneous abortion.

There are two main types of miscarriages:

  • Accidental (sporadic) miscarriage is a manifestation of natural selection, when special mechanisms reject an obviously unviable fetus. Accidental miscarriages in most cases are caused by genetic disorders of the fetus;
  • Habitual miscarriage is the condition of a woman with a history of 2 or more miscarriages in a row. One of the signs is miscarriages at approximately the same period.

There are a number of factors that can trigger a miscarriage:

  • Multiple pregnancy;
  • Hypertension;
  • Hyperthyroidism;
  • STDs;
  • Maternal genital herpes and its recurrence in early pregnancy;
  • Drinking alcohol, nicotine, caffeine;
  • Uncontrolled use of drugs and self-medication;
  • Hormonal imbalance;
  • Woman's age;
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome).

It is important, if possible, to exclude risk factors when planning a pregnancy. To prevent miscarriage in chronic diseases, pregnancy must be planned under the close supervision of doctors, as well as properly prepare for conception (complete examination of sexual partners and the necessary treatment). Also, special attention should be paid to planning pregnancy for women with 2 or more miscarriages in history.

To reduce the risk of developing fetal genetic abnormalities, it is important to realize that the effect of many drugs can significantly affect the development of pregnancy. It is important to inform the doctor about all types of treatment, drugs that the woman took within six months before pregnancy.

What does a miscarriage look like?

Every woman who finds out about her pregnancy needs to know what a miscarriage looks like. In case of miscarriage, the symptoms are:

  • Pain in the lower abdomen of a pulling, stitching, aching character;
  • Back pain in the lumbar region;
  • Bloody, bloody, brown discharge in any volume;
  • Profuse bleeding;
  • Isolation of blood clots.

In 50% of cases in women who seek medical help with early bleeding, pregnancy ends in miscarriage. Therefore, every woman, both planning pregnancy and pregnant, needs to know what a miscarriage looks like. When planning a pregnancy, doctors recommend that you closely monitor changes in the body, diagnose pregnancy in a timely manner, so that, if necessary, take the necessary measures to preserve it.

If symptoms appear during miscarriage, a woman should immediately consult a doctor. Also, the reason for an immediate visit to the gynecologist before pregnancy is detected is:

  • Severe pain in the lower abdomen, accompanied by minor bleeding before the expected period of the onset of menstruation;
  • Bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle;
  • Prolonged or very short menstrual bleeding, significantly different from normal, in each individual case.

These symptoms may indicate a miscarriage before pregnancy is diagnosed. In such cases, it is extremely rare to maintain a pregnancy, however, this situation is an alarming reason for an additional examination in case of pregnancy planning and a full examination in case of sporadic miscarriage during an unplanned pregnancy.

With sporadic miscarriages, symptoms may not appear for a long time if the fetus dies first. Fetal death is diagnosed by conducting a dynamic analysis for hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), ultrasound monitoring. If the research data make it possible to establish that the pregnancy is intrauterine and alive, the fetal heartbeat is diagnosed, and its development corresponds to the term, then such a pregnancy in most cases is successfully maintained and ends with the birth of a child.

Miscarriage: causes of spontaneous abortion

In most cases, unfortunately, the causes of miscarriage remain unknown. The most common causes of spontaneous abortion are genetic abnormalities in fetal development. A biological individual is not capable of producing 100% quality cells (sperm and eggs). Healthy semen contains up to 2 million abnormal sperm for every 1 ml. Female eggs are laid in the ovaries at 20 weeks of intrauterine development of the fetus, and, unlike sperm, female germ cells are not renewed during life. Any negative factors, both external and internal, affecting a woman's health, in the same negative way affect her germ cells. The likelihood that an abnormal germ cell will participate in the fertilization process is quite high. Therefore, there are natural mechanisms for the selection of viable individuals in the early stages of fetal development, which leads to miscarriages.

The reasons for the habitual termination of pregnancy (2 or more miscarriages) are disorders in the female body. Such causes of miscarriages are difficult to identify. These violations do not interfere with conception, however, they provoke an interruption in the early stages. In this case, the woman's body is not able to create normal conditions for gestation.

With habitual miscarriages, the reasons may be as follows:

  • Physiology of the uterus, violation of its structure - adhesions in the uterus, bicornuate uterus, septum in the uterus;
  • Immune disorders (autoimmune, alloimmune), when the female body rejects the fetus as a foreign body, producing antibodies to it;
  • Miscarriages of unknown origin (for unknown reasons);
  • Endocrine disorders;
  • Lifestyle.

Is it worth keeping a pregnancy when a miscarriage begins? In the early stages, it is extremely difficult to diagnose fetal pathologies. It happens that after the pregnancy is maintained, the fetus reveals complex pathologies that are incompatible with normal life.

Pregnancy is one of the most wonderful times in the life of every woman. Expectant mothers are especially beautiful, and their eyes radiate so much happiness and warmth that one could warm the whole world. Unfortunately, not every pregnancy goes well and ends with the birth of a healthy baby. Sometimes it happens that the pregnancy is suddenly interrupted, and the dreams of the failed mom are not destined to come true. Why it happens? Let's try to figure it out in more detail.

What is a miscarriage and what types is it?

In order to understand how a miscarriage occurs, you must first know what it is.

4. The cause of recurrent miscarriages can also be the so-called polycystic ovary syndrome. One recent British study found that 44 to 56% of patients who had multiple miscarriages in a row had polycystic ovary syndrome, characterized by irregular or no menstrual periods. Most often, this syndrome occurs in overweight women.

5. Rhesus incompatibility (hemolytic disease), which occurs when the mother has a positive Rh factor and the father has a negative one.

6. Disorders of the immune system are responsible for 5-10% of miscarriages. This is due to the fact that the immune system of a pregnant woman, programmed to fight bacteria and viruses, malfunctions and attacks healthy cells in the body. One of the most well-known disorders of the immune system is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. It appears when the body mistakenly believes that phospholipids are foreign elements. As a result, antibodies are produced, which cause blood clots in the placental vessels, interrupting the flow of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus.

7. Other reasons: peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the uterus, viral and bacterial infections, anti-drug and anti-stress medications, exposure to harmful substances.

What symptoms indicate a miscarriage that has begun?

Every woman worries about how a miscarriage occurs. Symptoms indicating an impending or incipient miscarriage are of great importance for timely medical intervention and prevention of spontaneous abortion. Among the most common symptoms, the following should be noted:

Sudden weight loss;

The disappearance of such signs of pregnancy as nausea, breast swelling, drowsiness;

False contractions called Braxton Hicks contractions;

Real contractions (painful, with a frequency of 5-10 minutes);

The appearance of blood stains;

Light, painless bleeding (although this is not always a symptom of abortion);

Heavy bleeding, with or without clots, accompanied by cramps and severe pain in the abdomen or lower back;

Vaginal discharge without pain or bleeding.

A molar pregnancy, a damaged egg, or an ectopic pregnancy will eventually lead to miscarriage. Symptoms are similar, except that in the case of molar pregnancy, the uterus may be larger than normal and the hCG (pregnancy hormone) level is increased.

Signs and features of early miscarriage

In the first weeks of pregnancy, only after learning about their interesting situation, women become very sensitive, and it is not surprising that they are visited by a variety of thoughts related to their well-being and the health of their future babies. The slightest changes in the body make them worry. They see signs of early miscarriage everywhere. Therefore, it is very important to have information. How to understand that a miscarriage has occurred? Is there really meaning and reason to worry? Are these experiences justified? How does a spontaneous miscarriage happen? It is impossible to answer these questions unequivocally. Each case, like each organism, is absolutely individual, and they should be considered separately.

It is almost impossible to identify the causes of most early miscarriages (more than 60%). It is assumed that these are genetic reasons. When an embryo is formed, half of its genes are taken from the sperm and the other half from the egg. Sometimes, without any apparent motive, something goes wrong and the pregnancy is terminated. An immediate miscarriage can occur two to three weeks after the death of the fetus. Obstetricians-gynecologists name the following main causes of miscarriage at the initial stage of pregnancy:

The embryo is not implanted into the uterus as it should;

Hormonal problems;

Chromosomal abnormalities;

Diseases of the uterus or cervix;

Various intrauterine infections;

Viral infections such as influenza

Strong blows to the belly of a pregnant woman;

Multiple pregnancy;

Miscarriages in the past.

Early signs of miscarriage:

Severe cramps.

Bleeding.

Blood clots.

At what stage of pregnancy can a miscarriage occur?

Most often, a miscarriage occurs at the earliest stage (2-3 weeks). In most cases, a woman does not even suspect that something like this has happened to her. Early spontaneous miscarriages are often confused with regular menstruation. This is due to the fact that the main manifestations of a miscarriage at the beginning of pregnancy are identical to regular menstruation: vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. This is the answer to the question of how a miscarriage occurs.

Less often miscarriages occur later in pregnancy (before the 20th week). Spontaneous termination of pregnancy that occurs after the 20th week is called stillbirth.

How does a miscarriage happen?

Due to lack of information, many women sometimes do not even suspect that something terrible has happened to them - the loss of a child. They have no idea how quickly a miscarriage occurs or what follows. In order to be fully armed, you must remember the following:

1. Spontaneous abortion, fetal death and rejection by the body usually do not occur at one moment, but last several hours or even days. The process proceeds in several stages: the threat of miscarriage, imminent (incipient) miscarriage, incomplete abortion and, finally, complete abortion.

2. The threat of miscarriage is characterized by the onset of placental abruption and the appearance of the first signs of miscarriage (pain in the lower abdomen and minor spotting from the vagina). At this stage, the uterus is closed and the pregnancy can still be preserved.

3. Imminent (begun) abortion is characterized by detachment of the placenta and, accordingly, further fetal death. An imminent abortion cannot be stopped.

4. In case of incomplete abortion, the placenta exfoliates, the fetus dies, the process of its rejection by the body begins.

5. During a complete abortion, the fetus and site are eliminated from the uterus as well as from the female genital tract.

Is it possible to independently determine that there was a miscarriage?

When registering with a antenatal clinic, women and even their husbands often ask doctors how to find out that a miscarriage has occurred. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to determine this on your own. If there is a suspicion that a miscarriage has occurred, you should immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance. Only after a medical examination of a woman can one say with complete certainty whether a miscarriage has occurred or not. In order to determine this, the doctor will refer the patient to an ultrasound scan.

In addition, an analysis that will determine the level of hCG in the blood can tell about the miscarriage. HCG is a hormone produced by the body exclusively during pregnancy. It can be found in the blood one week after ovulation, when a fertilized egg is anchored in the uterus. In the first three weeks of pregnancy, the hCG level should double every 2-3 days. When this level remains unchanged, a spontaneous miscarriage may have occurred.

Doctors also measure the fetal heart rate (HR). To do this, they use a special device that allows them to listen to the heart rhythms of the fetus in the mother's abdomen starting from 7-12 weeks of pregnancy. If the fetal heartbeat is heard, then a miscarriage is out of the question. Remember that a routine pregnancy test can show pregnancy even after termination. Therefore, you should not waste precious time wondering how to determine that a miscarriage has occurred. At the slightest sign, go straight to your gynecologist.

How can you provoke a miscarriage?

Not every pregnant woman is delighted with the fact that she will soon become a mother. Each has its own reasons. Some pregnant women seek medical help and terminate pregnancies in the hospital, while others prefer to do it on their own and learn all possible ways to have a miscarriage on their own. Since ancient times, various herbs have been used for this, for example, tansy. It was boiled and taken orally, which almost 100% guaranteed rejection of the fetus.

There are also many such cases when women, in order to get rid of an unwanted child, took and continue to take hot baths to this day. Some try to bring the body to exhaustion with heavy physical exertion. Young girls even manage to drink milk to which iodine is added. More "advanced" young ladies do not risk trying folk methods on themselves. They prefer more modern treatments like hormone pills.

Only a few people think about the consequences of such methods and experiments. As a result, rash actions can lead to very disastrous results. Any attempt to have a miscarriage at home threatens the health and even the life of a pregnant woman. Not a single folk remedy that can provoke an abortion does not guarantee that bleeding will not begin and any infection will not be introduced.

The safest way to get rid of unwanted pregnancy on your own is the so-called medical abortion. A prerequisite is the minimum time from conception (up to two weeks from the delay in menstruation). In this case, most likely, the miscarriage will occur quickly and painlessly, and the uterus will be completely cleansed. In addition, complications are virtually eliminated. However, it should be noted that the drugs used for medical abortion are not sold in pharmacies. Only doctors with a special license are entitled to prescribe this kind of medicine to their patients. In addition, the cost of such drugs is quite high and not every girl can afford it.

Instead of thinking about how to have a miscarriage and get rid of the fetus, maybe it is worth imagining what the future baby will look like and how much joy and happiness he will bring to the house? The decision remains with each parent. Responsibility for all actions lies entirely on their shoulders.

What to do after miscarriage?

What happens after a miscarriage is familiar to many. Some women who have had an abortion feel well. However, others (in 4-10% of cases) have a number of complications. A period of treatment and rehabilitation follows, which lasts up to several weeks. In the first week after a spontaneous miscarriage, a woman may suffer from abdominal pain. In addition, bleeding may occur. In the first two weeks after an abortion, you must refrain from sex. You must immediately consult a doctor again if symptoms such as:

Heavy bleeding;

Severe pain in the lower abdomen;

High fever and cramps;

Cardiopalmus;

Nausea and vomiting.

Immediately after a spontaneous miscarriage, it is necessary to identify the reason why this happened. Today there are a huge number of specialized medical centers, contacting which a woman will receive qualified recommendations on what to do.

Experts recommend planning your next pregnancy only two months after the miscarriage. In order not to get pregnant earlier than this time, you must use reliable contraceptives. According to statistics, if a woman becomes pregnant immediately after a miscarriage, the likelihood of the situation repeating increases several times. However, if pregnancy does occur, you should not panic. Under the close and constant supervision of doctors, the outcome can be positive.

Can you save yourself from spontaneous miscarriage?

In order to minimize the risk of spontaneous miscarriage, it is recommended:


A woman who has just found out about her interesting situation needs:

  1. Do not postpone until later, but consult a doctor as early as possible, get tested and register for pregnancy.
  2. Give up all bad habits (smoking, alcohol and drugs) and reduce the amount of coffee and strong tea consumed.
  3. Reduce physical activity and avoid sports that can lead to injury.

Since 15-20% of pregnancies end unsuccessfully in the early stages, you should know what kind of discharge occurs during miscarriage. Situations are not uncommon when a woman does not even realize that she has lost a child. The blood-containing discharge accompanying a miscarriage is mistaken for menstrual discharge, since time converges. Signs that signal the likelihood of an involuntary terminated pregnancy allow you to pay attention to your health and make an appointment with a doctor to preserve the fetus.

Miscarriage or menstruation

Distinguishing the loss of a child from menstruation is not easy, since the nature of the discharge depends on the woman's health, her lifestyle. The onset of menstrual bleeding in time makes one think that fertilization did not occur. But pay attention to the calendar: if there was a delay of only a couple of days, this may not indicate an irregular cycle, but a spontaneous abortion. During such periods, the woman suffers from pain more than usual.

If a spontaneous abortion occurs, the menstrual cycle is delayed, lengthened, the volume and color of the discharge change. On closer examination, the elements of the ovum are found.

It is possible to distinguish a fertilized egg from other secretions by density and size. A large muco-blood clot may indicate an aborted pregnancy.

Women rarely pay attention to this, so it is almost impossible to understand at home that a miscarriage has occurred.

If menstruation does not come on time, while unusual pains are noted in the lower third of the abdomen, in the lumbar region, a spontaneous abortion is likely to occur. In a situation where a woman regularly suffers from pain during menstruation, it will be quite difficult to recognize a spontaneous miscarriage.

Determine exactly what is happening using one of two methods:

  • analysis for hCG.

With an ultrasound examination, the doctor sees whether a fertilized egg is present in the uterus, checks the heartbeat, and monitors the degree of development of the embryo. The gynecologist will tell you exactly whether there is a high probability of losing a fetus. Ultrasound allows you to assess the condition of the cervix and the organ itself.

The first days after fertilization, the egg is so small that even an ultrasound will not provide accurate information. A blood test for chorionic gonadotropin comes to the rescue. This is the name of the hormone produced by the female body during the gestation of a child. If a miscarriage occurs, the level of hCG in the blood persists for 5-7 days. The concentration of hCG with a threat of miscarriage or an ongoing abortion will be lower than it should be at this stage of pregnancy.

If a gynecological examination showed that the cervix is ​​open, the pregnancy cannot be saved. With a closed cervix and a living embryo (according to ultrasound), there is a chance of maintaining pregnancy. For this, hormonal therapy, antispasmodics and other drugs are prescribed.

Symptoms

For a barely conceived fetus, the most dangerous period is the time when menstruation should have been, that is, 2-3 weeks of development. A miscarriage at such an early stage passes imperceptibly, without specific sensations. The first sign is bloody discharge, which is slightly different from menstrual discharge.

Typical symptoms:

  1. pain in the lower back, sacrum, coccyx;
  2. cramps in the lower third of the abdomen;
  3. discharge that occurs after a slight delay in menstruation;
  4. the appearance of blood clots and mucus.

It happens that bleeding does not open with a frozen pregnancy. The woman does not notice discharge, she is not tormented by pain, rejection does not occur. The condition is life-threatening, as there is a high risk of infection of the uterus. Freezing of the fetus in the womb is associated with a high probability of blood poisoning. An ultrasound scan done on time allows you to diagnose the condition and take timely measures.

Fetal rejection during a frozen pregnancy can occur, but this happens rarely, the symptoms are:

  • cramping, sharp pain in the lower third of the abdomen;
  • high temperature;
  • heavy bleeding.

The volume and color of discharge during a frozen pregnancy varies.

The threat of termination of pregnancy

In a situation where there is a high probability of fetal rejection, but this did not happen, there is a threat of miscarriage. The diagnosis is made with an increased tone of the uterus. Against the background of a delay in menstruation, pulling pains in the lower abdomen appear. There is no bloody discharge. The development of bleeding indicates an ongoing miscarriage and requires a different approach to treatment.

Discharge during miscarriage

Uterine bleeding is the most dangerous symptom of a miscarriage that has occurred. The discharge is weak at first, then intensifies. If you visit a doctor at this time, there is a chance to save the fetus.

The deterioration of the condition occurs without prerequisites, suddenly, many factors can provoke a miscarriage. Observing pieces of tissue in such menstrual flow, it is urgent to visit a doctor.

Practice shows that in 80% of cases, fetal death occurs long before the removal of its particles from the female body. For this reason, pieces of tissue, elements of the fruit egg, can be observed, that is, the uterus is cleansed gradually. If rejection occurs as a whole, a grayish bubble is found among the blood-containing secretions. Less commonly, white particles are recorded. Pain and bleeding stop 2-3 days after cleansing the body.

If the uterus has been cleansed without drugs or medical procedures, it will not need to be treated. If ultrasound has shown that there are elements of the fetus, placenta in the body, these tissues are urgently removed to avoid infection.

After a spontaneous abortion, menstruation is expected in 1-1.5 months.

If a miscarriage provoked by the body's unpreparedness for pregnancy occurs at 7-8 weeks of pregnancy, an egg is found in the secretions, which is similar in size to a quail. The fruit is gray in color, with reddish veins.

If the rejection occurred at 8-12 weeks, the discharge contains a formed egg, close in size to that of a chicken, somewhat elongated. The fruit is flesh-colored, streaked.

At even later stages, the fetus leaves the uterus with fragments of the placenta.

Causes

A miscarriage indicates that the body is not ready to bear a fetus. But pathology does not put an end to motherhood. Supportive therapy, regular visits to an experienced gynecologist and attention to the body allow a woman to know the joy of having a baby even in a difficult case.

Risk factors:

  1. emotional stress;
  2. anomalies in the development of the genital organs;
  3. previous abortions and miscarriages;
  4. hormonal disbalance;
  5. pathology of the hemostasis system;
  6. infections;
  7. diseases of the uterus and appendages;
  8. fetal anomalies.

The beginning of pregnancy is a difficult period for the female body, various factors cause a sharp reaction, provoking the rejection of the fetus. Being pregnant and having experienced an abortion without complications, in the future, one or more children are easily borne. Knowing in advance what kind of discharge women have during spontaneous miscarriage, the expectant mother can determine that there is a cause for concern.

Do not be afraid!

Rejection of the fetus in the early stages shows that something is wrong with the body. There is no reason to be upset: if the fetus survived, development would most likely go wrong, and the child was born with abnormalities or died in childbirth. Early miscarriage is an evolutionary mechanism that allows strong individuals to survive.

It is important to understand in time that what happened is not menstruation, but the discharge accompanying the miscarriage. This forces a woman to take care of her health, and in the future to exclude a similar situation. Once realizing that there was a miscarriage in the early stages, the expectant mother is more attentive to herself, carefully monitors the symptoms, controls the discharge, knowing what to expect, what to fear, and what signals the normal course of pregnancy.

Summing up

Noticing the changes occurring in the body, the changing nature of the discharge, visit the doctor. In the early stages, pregnancy, even if the body is not ready for this, can be saved. If there are gynecological or hormonal diseases and preservation is impossible, do not panic - the rejection of an unviable fetus does not mean that it will not be possible to give birth in the future.

If a woman has had a natural abortion, plan a new pregnancy in advance. In this case, they register with a gynecologist, regularly undergo examinations and take tests, exactly following the prescribed drug support program. This minimizes the risks and allows you to carry and give birth to a healthy baby. You can plan a new pregnancy 3-6 months after the miscarriage and treatment.

Early spontaneous miscarriage - termination of pregnancy in the first 20-22 weeks. This period is due to the degree of development of the fetus. It is by 20-22 weeks of gestation that the weight of the fetus reaches 500 g, and its organ systems are sufficiently developed for independent functioning. Statistics show that it is almost impossible to save the life of a child born before 20-22 weeks. What are the causes of early miscarriage? How to determine an incipient miscarriage? Is it possible to maintain a pregnancy with symptoms of miscarriage? Is it worth keeping a pregnancy when a miscarriage begins?

Early spontaneous miscarriage: the main symptoms of the condition

According to statistics, up to 20% of all pregnancies end in miscarriages, including 80% of all miscarriages occur in the early stages. Many miscarriages occur within 4-5 weeks, when the woman is not yet aware of her condition. Symptoms of an early spontaneous miscarriage are similar to those of painful periods:

  • Drawing, stitching, cutting pain in the lower abdomen;
  • Back pain in the lumbar region;
  • Stitching sensations in the ovaries;
  • Bloody discharge or profuse bleeding;
  • Blood clots;
  • Bleeding discharge on any day of the cycle;
  • Scanty menstrual bleeding.

At an early stage, a woman may already feel the subjective symptoms of pregnancy, which include:

  • Swelling of the breasts;
  • Nausea, vomiting;
  • Drowsiness, apathy, mental instability;
  • Increased appetite.

A decrease in the manifestation of these signs can also indicate an early spontaneous miscarriage. Therefore, it is extremely important for every woman with the lowest probability of pregnancy to carry out early diagnosis (home tests to determine pregnancy of high sensitivity) to prevent this condition.

Why is an early spontaneous miscarriage dangerous? The main risks to a woman's health and life are that a miscarriage that has begun may not end. That is, at an early stage, for certain reasons, the death of the fetus and its partial rejection occurs. However, the process is not completed, and parts of the ovum remain in the uterine cavity, which can provoke inflammatory processes. A woman, not knowing about her situation, may perceive the symptoms of a developing inflammatory process (heavy bleeding, prolonged menstruation) as a failure of the cycle, without going to the doctor for a long time. The consequences of this situation can be various kinds of reproductive disorders (up to infertility), as well as death. What are the causes of early spontaneous miscarriages?

Spontaneous early miscarriage: causes of abortion

Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to prevent an early spontaneous miscarriage, since no doctor can predict the reasons for this violation of the course of pregnancy. In most cases, the causes of spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage cannot be established even after a series of studies. The most common causes of early spontaneous miscarriages include:

  • Genetic disorders of the fetus. For the successful conception and development of pregnancy in the cavity of the fallopian tubes, the fusion of two germ cells (egg and sperm) must occur. The human body is unable to produce 100% quality cells. While the sperm is constantly being renewed, a woman's eggs are laid in her ovaries at 20 weeks of embryonic development, and they are not renewed during her life. The probability that a genetically defective cell will take part in the process of conception is quite high. The female body rejects a deliberately non-viable embryo;
  • Infectious diseases: chlamydia, cytomegaly, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, toxoplasmosis;
  • Endocrine disorders in a woman's body - a change in the level of hormones (deficiency of progesterone - a hormone necessary to maintain pregnancy);
  • Causes of an immunological nature: autoimmune disorders, in which the female body attacks its own proteins and genes, rejecting the fetus, as well as alloimmune disorders, when the woman's immune system attacks foreign genes and proteins (the paternal part of the fetal genome), which leads to early spontaneous miscarriage;
  • Uncontrolled intake of drugs prohibited during pregnancy;
  • Aggressive environmental factors;
  • Trauma;
  • Intoxication with alcohol, nicotine, drugs;
  • Defects in the structure of the uterus: two-horned uterus, submucous uterine myoma, intrauterine adhesions, the presence of an intrauterine septum;
  • Excessive mental stress of a woman.

Also in medical practice, there are frequent cases of idiopathic spontaneous miscarriage (miscarriage for unknown reasons). Most of the reasons provoking miscarriages can be excluded with the correct planning of pregnancy and a careful attitude to her body and health on the part of the woman. Any pregnancy should be under the supervision of doctors, which will help to exclude miscarriage. Is it possible to maintain a pregnancy when a miscarriage begins?

Early miscarriage: treatment and its effectiveness. Is it worth keeping the pregnancy

Miscarriage is a woman's condition in which the fetus dies and is expelled from the uterus. Spontaneous termination of pregnancy is accompanied by pain, bloody discharge (smearing, profuse bleeding, blood with clots), spasms. When the first alarming symptoms appear, a woman should immediately seek medical help. In rare cases, the pregnancy can be maintained. Pregnancy persists if, as a result of the examination, it was found that:

  • The fetus has a heartbeat (the pregnancy is alive and developing);
  • The level of hCG is growing and is within the norms for obstetric pregnancy;
  • The examination did not reveal any critical deviations or abnormalities in the course of pregnancy.

At this stage, it is important to establish what triggered the incipient miscarriage, and promptly eliminate this cause (low progesterone levels, uterine tone). With a complete miscarriage at an early stage, treatment consists in identifying and eliminating the causes that led to the termination of pregnancy. As a rule, women are prescribed oral contraceptives for a period of 3 to 6 months to restore the menstrual cycle and prevent subsequent pregnancy so that the body fully recovers from a miscarriage. If infections are detected, both partners undergo treatment, during which time contraception is recommended for couples to avoid recurrence of pregnancy and miscarriage.

In case of early miscarriage, treatment raises the main question for a woman: is it worth keeping a pregnancy that the body rejects? As a result of a saved pregnancy, with an onset of miscarriage in a fetus at a later stage of pregnancy, serious pathologies in development that are incompatible with normal life after birth can be identified.

How does a miscarriage occur, at what weeks does it become possible and why? These are important questions that worry the heads of expectant mothers. After all, they can perceive any slight tingling in the abdomen or vaginal discharge as symptoms of an early miscarriage. Let's figure it out.

The most alarming time, according to doctors, is the first trimester. Immediately after conception and up to 12 weeks. During this period of time, the laying and formation of all organs and systems occurs, while the embryo itself is very susceptible to any negative influences and changes. So, a spontaneous miscarriage can occur due to the intake of "Nurofen" - a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is so often prescribed by doctors to relieve pain and fever. That is why it is so important to immediately know that pregnancy has begun, and not to take medications at your own discretion, and even folk drugs for treatment. And when consulting a doctor, it is imperative to say that you are "in position" so that he takes this into account when prescribing treatment. Many medications are toxic to the fetus, and their intake can lead to the formation of numerous malformations in it.

And yet, at what time can a miscarriage occur most often? Some doctors call 4, 8, 12 weeks, as those when a new menstrual cycle was supposed to begin. But scientists refute this. They say that 6-8 and 10-12 weeks are the most dangerous. Moreover, in the first case, the embryo most often dies first, that is, the pregnancy becomes frozen, and then, after a while, a miscarriage begins. But in the second case, at the end of the first trimester, the expulsion of the ovum more often occurs.

How an early miscarriage occurs depends largely on the week in which it happens. For example, abortions often occur literally in the second week of missed periods, when many women are not aware of their situation at all. Toxicosis may not start yet. Well, the delay ... Everyone has it. Uterine cramps, bleeding may appear. In general, almost everything is the same as with ordinary menstruation. Doctors even say that such unidentified miscarriages occur at least once in a lifetime in all women. And the reasons why a miscarriage occurs in these cases is almost always - random deviations of the chromosome set in the unborn child.

But the longer the period, the more difficult the miscarriage is. A woman already knows about her situation, and can adequately respond to pathological symptoms. As we already wrote above, up to 10 weeks, miscarriages often occur with an embryo that has already stopped developing. That is, the pregnancy first "freezes", and then, after a few days, the uterus gets rid of the "contents". A woman learns a miscarriage what it is from her own experience. If doctors diagnose a frozen pregnancy in a woman, then they are often immediately sent for "cleaning". It is possible to diagnose a frozen pregnancy only by undergoing an ultrasound examination.

At 10 weeks or later, pregnancy ends very quickly in many cases. The fertilized egg exfoliates and leaves the uterus.

What to do if there was a miscarriage in early pregnancy, and at the same time you know for sure that you were in a position? For example, if a pregnancy test was positive or you had a blood test for hCG. First of all, you need to do an ultrasound. If you have finished bleeding, nothing hurts, and according to ultrasound, everything is normal, there is nothing left of the ovum in the uterus, you do not need to do uterine curettage. Moreover, if the miscarriage was for the first time, even additional examinations are not required. An exception is the desire to have a baby soon and the failure to pass a standard examination when planning a pregnancy earlier (before a miscarriage).