Gibsen puppet. Foreign literature abbreviated. All works of the school curriculum in a summary. The most remarkable work of Ibsen

04.03.2020

“A Doll's House” (“Et Dukkehjem”) is a play by X. Ibsen. Written in 1879, first staged in December of the same year at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen.

There is a real story behind the drama of the Helmer family. The prototype of the heroine of the play Nora Helmer is the Norwegian researcher B.M. Kink names the Danish-Norwegian writer Laura Keeler. Personal acquaintance with Ibsen began after she sent the playwright the book Brand's Daughters, written under the influence of his dramatic poem. There is an undoubted similarity in some details of the life of the Keeler family and the characters in the drama "A Doll's House": for example, bank loans secret from her husband with the guarantee of wealthy friends. The main motive of Laura's “misconduct” also coincides: the money was needed in order to take her husband, suffering from tuberculosis, to the south. True, there was no signature forgery carried out, there was no blackmail situation either. But the real story, nevertheless, developed dramatically: when Laura's actions became known to her husband, adjunct Victor Keeler, there was a scandal that ended in divorce. The children were selected, Laura was declared mentally ill. After a while, at the request of her husband, Laura returned. Ibsen was from the very beginning aware of the details of the family drama, as he was in friendly correspondence with a young woman, not only trying to lead her literary formation, but also giving life advice, in particular, he persuaded her from the very beginning to open up to her husband.

The plot of the play "A Doll's House" by Ibsen unfolds over three days in the living room in the Helmers' house. Intimacy, the isolation of space contrasts with the intensity of the development of the plot. The main thing in this play is the internal dynamics. First of all, this concerns the character of the heroine, Nora Helmer, who turns from a "lark" and a "squirrel" into a completely new, different creature from herself. Backed into a corner, Nora fights for her happiness by all means.

The image of the "doll's house", which primarily characterizes the heroine, highlights the dynamics of the development of the play's characters in different ways. There are five of them - the main characters: Nora Helmer herself, her husband Thorvald Helmer, girlfriend Christina Linne, Nils Krogstad, Helmer's classmate and Nora's creditor, and Dr. Rank, a neighbor and family friend. All of them reveal their own attitude to the world of the "doll's house" - the world of visible, in many respects illusory well-being.

Nora is the main inhabitant of the "doll's house", instinctively trying to maintain "order" in it. Nora is a "doll-toy" - first for her father, then for her husband, who "play" with her in different ways. But Nora is also a “pupa”, from which another creature is gradually formed - a butterfly, which can no longer have a place in the “doll's house”, and therefore it “flies” into the wild.

Helmer is the most fierce guardian of the foundations of the "doll's house" - its outer, facade part. Perhaps he is the most vulnerable character in the play, in his dependence on the dogma of public opinion, with its mechanical foundations and illusory code of honor.

On the contrary, Fru Linne and Krogstad are destroyers of the well-being of the "doll's house", who came from outside. Despite the common function - destruction - they have different motives. Krogstad the destroyer acts in its role only as long as it feels - conditionally - outside the "doll's house" - the world of a strong position and external well-being. As soon as the possibility of gaining a semblance of a "doll's house" dawns before him, he will turn from a destroyer into a benefactor, refusing to blackmail. Fru Linne is a consistent destroyer. She helps her see the world as real, not as a puppet. It is in this image that the “image of the author”, Ibsen himself, is transposed, whose position of rejection of lies it expresses.

The end of the "doll house" means a change of fate for all the characters. Ibsen did not view Nora's drama as purely feminine. The play is about the liberation of a person, regardless of gender. After all, everyone here is freed (or trying to free themselves) from something: Helmer from the inertia of perceiving the world, Dr. Rank from the fear of imminent death, Krogstad from the trail of an unseemly past, Fru Linne from the loneliness and worthlessness of existence.

Controversial about the "well-made play", with its indispensable happy ending, Ibsen's play provoked protest already among contemporaries who did not want to come to terms with the departure of the heroine from the family. Ibsen was forced to compromise, in particular, offering the German translator the following ending: “... Nora does not leave home. Helmer drags her to the door of the children's bedroom, there is an exchange of remarks, Nora powerlessly sinks into a chair, and the curtain falls. Ibsen himself called such a finale barbaric.

Among the outstanding performers of the role of the heroine of "A Doll's House" are A. Zorma, G. Rezhan, E. Duse, V.F. Komissarzhevskaya.

There is a peculiar tradition of "continuing" the story of Nora. In 1890, the English writer W. Besant spoke about what happened "after the end": Helmer drank himself, the children grew up. The daughter fell in love with the son of Krogstad, who does not want their marriage, and her brother forges a bill that fell into the hands of Krogstad, who blackmails the family, demanding that the girl renounce the marriage, saving her brother. She commits suicide. The American version of E. Cheney was reduced to a "comforting" epilogue: having become a sister of mercy, Nora saves Helmer during a cholera epidemic and the spouses are reunited. In the 20th century, this tradition was continued by the Danish playwright E.B. Olsen in Where Has Nora Gone (1967). Nora found herself “at the bottom” among thieves and prostitutes who give her moral support. Having got a job at a factory, she confidently looks to the future. Helmer unsuccessfully tries to get her back.

Ibsen's contemporary Norway. Cozy and inexpensively furnished apartment of the lawyer Thorvald Helmer and his wife Nora. Christmas Eve. Nora enters the house from the street, she brings with her a lot of boxes - these are gifts for the Christmas tree for children and Torvald. The husband lovingly fusses around his wife and jokingly accuses her - his squirrel, butterfly, bird, chrysalis, lark - of prodigality. But this Christmas, Nora objects to him, a little extravagance will not hurt them, because from the new year Helmer takes over as director of the bank and they will not need, as in previous years, to save literally on everything. After courting his wife (even after the birth of three children she is a dazzling beauty), Helmer retires to the office, and Nora fru Linde's old friend enters the living room, she has just been off the ship. The women had not seen each other for a long time - almost eight years, during which time a friend managed to bury her husband, whose marriage turned out to be childless. And Nora? Is she still carelessly fluttering through life? If so. In the first year of their marriage, when Helmer left the ministry, in addition to his main job, he had to take business papers home and sit over them until late in the evening. As a result, he fell ill, and the doctors said that only the southern climate could save him. The whole family spent a whole year in Italy. Money for the trip, a rather large amount, Nora supposedly took from her father, but this is not true; a certain gentleman helped her... No, no, let Fru Linde think nothing of the sort!... The money was borrowed against receipt. And now Nora regularly pays interest on the loan, earning money secretly from her husband. Will Fru Linde settle again here, in their city? What will she do? Helmer, probably, will be able to arrange it at his bank, right now he is compiling the staff list and talking in the office with attorney Krogstad, about to fire him - the place is vacant. How? Does Fru Linde know him a little? Yeah, I see, so they lived in the same city and sometimes met. Thorvald Helmer really fires Krogstad. He does not like people with a tarnished reputation. At one time, Krogstad (Helmer studied with him) committed a forgery - forged a signature on a monetary document, but avoided the court, having managed to get out of a difficult situation. But that's even worse! Unpunished vice sows around the seeds of decay. A man like Krogstad should be forbidden to have children - with such an educator, only criminals will grow out of them. But the forgery, as it turns out, was also committed by Nora. She forged on a loan letter to Krogstad (it was he who gave her money for Italy) a surety signature of her father, whom she could not turn to - at that time he was dying. Moreover, the document is dated on the day when the father could not sign it, because by that time he had already died. Driven out of work, Krogstad asks Nora to put in a good word for him, he has proven himself in the bank, but the appointment of a new director has confused all his cards. Helmer wants to fire him not only for his dark past, but even for the fact that, out of old memory, he called him “you” several times. Nora asks for Krogstad, but Helmer, who does not take her seriously, refuses. Then Krogstad threatens Hope with exposure: he will tell her husband where she got the money for a trip to Italy. In addition, Helmer learns about her forgery. Having achieved nothing from Nora this time, Krogstad frankly blackmails both spouses: he sends a letter to Helmer with a direct threat - if the story of Nora's forgery comes out, he will not be able to hold on to the post of bank director. Nora rushes about in search of a way out. She first flirts with family friend Dr. Rank. He is secretly in love with her, but doomed to death - he has hereditary syphilis. Rank is ready for anything for Nora and would give her money, but by this time it turns out that Krogstad needs something else. The story of Dr. Rank ends tragically - the Helmers' spouses receive a postcard from him with a black cross by mail - the cross means that the doctor has locked himself at home and does not accept anyone else: he will die there without scaring his friends with his appearance. But what does Hope do anyway? Shame and exposure terrify her, it's better to commit suicide! But the relentless Krogstad warns: suicide is pointless, in which case her memory will be dishonored. Help comes from an unexpected quarter - from Nora's friend Linde. At the decisive moment, she explains with Krogstad: in the past they were connected by love, but Linde married another: she had an old mother and two younger brothers in her arms, while Krogstad’s financial situation was precarious. Now Mrs. Linde is free: her mother and husband have died, the brothers have really got on their feet - she is ready to marry Krogstad, if he still needs it. Krogstad is delighted, his life is getting better, he finally finds both love and a faithful person, he refuses blackmail. But it's too late - his letter is in Helmer's mailbox, the key to which only he has. Well, let Nora find out what her Helmer is really worth with his sanctimonious morality and prejudices! - decides Krogstad. In fact, after reading the letter, Helmer is almost hysterical from the righteous anger that has seized him. How? His wife is his bird, his bird, the lark, his chrysalis a criminal? And it is because of her that the well-being of the family, achieved by such hard work, is now being sprayed! They will not get rid of the demands of Krogstad until the end of their days! Helmer won't let Hope spoil the kids! From now on, they will be given to the care of the nanny! To maintain appearances, Helmer will allow Hope to stay in the house, but now they will live separately! At this moment, a messenger brings a letter from Krogstad. He renounces his demands and returns Nora's loan letter. Helmer's mood instantly changes. They are saved! Everything will be as before, even better! But then Nora, whom Helmer used to consider his obedient toy, suddenly rebels against him. She's leaving home! Gone forever! First, the father, and then Helmer, got used to treating her like a beautiful doll, which is pleasant to caress. She understood this before, but she loved Helmer and forgave him. Now the matter is different - she really hoped for a miracle - that Helmer, as a loving husband, would take her guilt upon himself. Now she no longer loves Helmer, as Helmer did not love her before - he just liked being in love with her. They are strangers. And to live still means to commit adultery, selling oneself for conveniences and money. Nora's decision stuns Helmer. He is smart enough to understand that her words and feelings are serious. But is there really no hope that someday they will reunite? He will do everything so that they are no longer strangers! “It would be a miracle of miracles,” Nora replies, and miracles, as she has learned from experience, rarely happen. Her decision is final.

After courting his wife (even after the birth of three children she is a dazzling beauty), Helmer retires to the office, and Nora fru Linde's old friend enters the living room, she has just been off the ship. The women had not seen each other for a long time - almost eight years, during which time a friend managed to bury her husband, whose marriage turned out to be childless. And Nora? Is she still carelessly fluttering through life? If so. In the first year of their marriage, when Helmer left the ministry, in addition to his main job, he had to take business papers home and sit over them until late in the evening. As a result, he fell ill, and the doctors said that only the southern climate could save him. The whole family spent a whole year in Italy. Money for the trip, a rather large amount, Nora supposedly took from her father, but this is not true; a certain gentleman helped her... No, no, let Fru Linde think nothing of the sort!... The money was borrowed against receipt. And now Nora regularly pays interest on the loan, earning money secretly from her husband.

Will Fru Linde settle again here, in their city? What will she do? Helmer, probably, will be able to arrange it at his bank, right now he is compiling the staff list and talking in the office with attorney Krogstad, about to fire him - the place is vacant. How? Does Fru Linde know him a little? Yeah, I see, so they lived in the same city and sometimes met.

Thorvald Helmer really fires Krogstad. He does not like people with a tarnished reputation. At one time, Krogstad (Helmer studied with him) committed a forgery - forged a signature on a monetary document, but avoided the court, having managed to get out of a difficult situation. But that's even worse! Unpunished vice sows around the seeds of decay. A man like Krogstad should be forbidden to have children - with such an educator, only criminals will grow out of them.

But the forgery, as it turns out, was also committed by Nora. She forged on a loan letter to Krogstad (it was he who gave her money for Italy) a surety signature of her father, whom she could not turn to - at that time he was dying. Moreover, the document is dated on the day when the father could not sign it, because by that time he had already died. Driven out of work, Krogstad asks Nora to put in a good word for him, he has proven himself in the bank, but the appointment of a new director has confused all his cards. Helmer wants to fire him not only for his dark past, but even for the fact that, out of old memory, he called him “you” several times. Nora asks for Krogstad, but Helmer, who does not take her seriously, refuses.

10 CLASS

HENRIK IBSEN

DOLLHOUSE

Characters:

X e l m e r - lawyer.

Nora is his wife.

DoctorRank.

Fru Linne is Nora's childhood friend.

Krogstad is a private attorney.

Three little Helmer children.

Ann a-Maria is their nanny.

Maid in the Helmer's house.

Doable.

The action takes place in Helmeriv's apartment.

The action begins on a winter day in the cozy living room of the Helmers. Everything in the room is tastefully furnished, but it feels like the family is saving money. Tomorrow is Christmas Eve. Nora returned home with packages of gifts for the children, the maid and her husband. The husband affectionately calls the woman a squirrel and a lark, but reproaches her for "squandering money." His salary was indeed raised, but he would be given out only after three months.

Unexpectedly, Fru Linne comes to visit the Helmer family. They had once been friends with Nora. Her husband died and left her with no money. And she has no kids. She came from another city, looking for a job. Nora tells her friend that her life is not so cloudless. Torvald (husband) was seriously ill.

If Nora hadn't found the money to take him to Italy, she might have died. The money, Nora says, she took from her father, who died soon after. Nora promises Fra Linna that she will help her - she will ask her husband to take her to work in a bank, where he holds a high position of director.

Suddenly, Nora confesses to her friend that she did not take the money from her father at all, but borrowed it in order to save the life of her Torvald. He never knew about it. Therefore, she resorted to savings, deceiving her husband, saving on her outfits, rewriting some letters and papers for money. And all so that the husband did not find out ...

Mr. Krogstad appears before Helmer's apartment. He hopes that Nora's husband will take him to some position in the bank office. But the director of the bank refuses him because he knows that he is a dishonest person.

Nora turns to her husband with a request that he take Fra Linne as a clerk, because she is very well versed in this matter. The man promises to do something.

Doctor Rank also came to visit, who has been friends with the Helmers for many years. He is in a gloomy mood because he is hopelessly ill. But he only hints at it. The nanny brings Nora's three kids, with whom she enjoys playing. The guests leave the house. But Krogstad is back. It was he who lent money to Nori so that she could take her sick husband to Italy for treatment. And now he is demanding from Nora that she persuade her husband to take him to work in a bank, because a woman should have influence over her husband.

Krogstad is a widower, has sons, he wants to take a decent place in society. Let Nora make her beloved Torvald forgive Krogstad for his dishonest behavior in the past. Otherwise ... Otherwise, he will tell Mr. Helmer that Nora not only borrowed money, but also forged the signature of her father, who was supposed to vouch for her. And this is a crime.

So Nora is a criminal!

If she does not want everything to be revealed, if she does not want to face the court, then let her somehow influence her husband. Krogstad leaves the Burrow in despair.

Thorvald returns and affectionately (and at the same time firmly) advises his wife never to ask a man for dishonor and never lie to her husband. Here is Krogstad when he resorted to forging papers and lost everything: his position, respect, and position in society. In addition, Mr. Helmer believes, he spoils his children, because a lie is the most moral phenomenon in the world.

Nora is scared. She is a lying mother! She can spoil her children! And no one will condescend to the fact that she did her "crime" out of love - to a dying father whom she did not want to disturb, and a sick husband. The woman begins to appease her husband, posing as a little girl. She asks him to help her pick out masquerade outfits and advise what to dance in this outfit, because the spouses go to the neighbors who live on the floor above for Christmas.

Torvald gladly agrees to help his "pupa".

In general, Torvald treats a woman like a small child. For him, she is a squirrel, a singing bird, "little Nora", but not an adult at all.

Nora and Torvald come up with a whole performance: the masquerade outfits of an Italian woman and the tarantella dance!

Nora decides to ask her husband to arrange Krogstad to the bank. She fawns and tries to scare Torvald that Krogstad can write something bad about their spouses in the newspaper. But Mr. Helmer is implacable: he is supposedly an honest man, he has nothing to fear and nothing to hide.

Nora decides to apply for a loan from Dr. Rank. After all, when she returns the money to Krogstad, he will return the loan receipt to her!

Dr. Rank tells the woman that he will soon die because he is very sick. Nora cannot believe this, she flirts with the doctor, finally asking him for a favor, but not yet saying what. The doctor confesses his love for her. Nora, after this confession, cannot ask for money, she believes that this is dishonest. You can ask a friend, but hopelessly in love - no.

Nora manages to thoughts of escape, even suicide. Last evening, last dance - and goodbye, life! But she is secretly summoned by Krogstad. He threatens that, no matter what happens, he will send a letter to Mr. Helmer, where he will tell him about what his woman has done. And Herr Helmer most of all appreciates his reputation as a respected person ... Therefore, he will certainly agree to the conditions of a blackmailer.

Fru Linne comes to Nora's aid. It turns out that when Krogstad loved Fra Linne and was willing to do anything for her. Fru Linne promises to refuse him to reveal Nora's secret. But it's too late! Late! The letters are already in the trash!

Nora asks her husband not to open the mailbox until the holiday is over. He agrees because he thinks that this letter contains stupid baseless threats. Torvald teaches Nora to dance, he generally believes that he understands everything, understands everything. And his woman is just a "nice little lark" who needs to be instructed.

Dr. Rank plays the tarantella on the piano. Nora dances madly, as if giving her life. Torvald persuades her to calm down, but all the woman's movements are full of despair, passion and fire. Nora believes that the man she loves, when he finds out about her crime, will not allow his woman to be brought to justice. Looks like he'll take the blame. Her honest, noble Torvald!

He cannot stain himself like Krogstad! She, Nora, will leave the house, the children, she will dive into the deep cold dark water! The holiday is just over...

While Nora is dancing on the top floor, in the same house, downstairs, Krogstad and Frau Linne meet in her apartment. They both betrayed their mutual love. Fru Linne married a man whom she considered rich because she had to feed her sick mother and two younger brothers.

Krogstad found out about this and married a woman whom he also considered wealthy. But both of them were left without money and without work. Krogstad has sons, and Fr Linne is all alone: her mother has died, her brothers have grown up. During the conversation, they understand that the feelings in them have not faded away, it has become stronger, more decisive. Fru Linne says that they could start living together. She is used to taking care of someone, working for someone.

This lonely woman could become a mother for the children of Krogstad and a faithful companion to him. Krogstad, this gloomy, life-tormented cynical person, begins to believe that he still has the prospect of becoming happy. But suddenly he begins to suspect something. He asks Frau Linne, does she promise him her love just because she wants to save her friend from shame?

Fru Linne resolutely replies that it was precisely this thought that prompted her to talk with Krogstad. But now she knows that her destiny is to live in honest labor for the sake of a new family. Krogstad sees that the woman is quite sincere, so he promises that he will take his letter to Torvald Hel, the mayor. Let him live in harmony with his woman. Krogstad will no longer insist on being hired by a bank. Fru Linne agrees: together they will cope with all the difficulties of life. But you don't have to take the letters out of the mailbox.

Fru Linne took a closer look at the life of the Helmer family. It's like it's not real. Between spouses there is no sincerity. Torvald does not notice that his wife is a person. If the truth is hidden, then the game of a doll woman and a strict and condescending husband will last forever. Krogstad and Fra Linne are happy because they have decided to get married and start a new life. They leave the Helmers' apartment, who soon return.

Torvald, a little tipsy, hugs and kisses the woman, but she cannot hide her anxiety. Then he remembers the letters in the mailbox. Nora tries to dissuade him, let him wait at least until morning. But Torvald opens the box. He noticed that someone was picking at the lock with Nora's hairpin. She says they must be children. Torvald very sternly says that they must be weaned from this. On top is a letter from Dr. Rank. It is marked with a black cross. This means that soon the doctor will die. He does not want anyone to see how he will die, so he wants to lie down "in the lair" and die alone. The spouses are very sad. But then Torvald takes a letter from Krogstad. Nora hurries up to her room, she dresses, she wants to leave the house. But Torvald had already read the letter. He is angry. But not only angry, but also scared.

The news of his wife's crime shocked him. The impeccable reputation of the bank director will be destroyed. He doesn't feel sorry for Nora at all. He says that she will not leave the house anywhere. She will live as she has. Pours to the kids, he will no longer allow it, for lying to have will spoil the children. Torvald speaks all his thoughts aloud. Suddenly, Nora hears that her honest and principled man is going to find Krogstad and agree to all his conditions. Consequently, it is not honesty that is most dear to him, but only the reputation of an honest person. He only pretended to be principled!

So, all their wonderful life, all their love is imaginary. Torvald does not want to understand that Nora did it for the sake of love, for the sake of his life, for the sake of her father's peace of mind. He does not want to know how she was afraid, how she suffered, but she did it cheerful and frivolous. He doesn't want to know how she saved money, but was still beautifully dressed and attractive. He doesn't want to know! He wasn't going to take the woman's fault. He thinks only of himself and his position.

And now the maid brings a letter from Krogstad: he returns his promissory note and does not demand anything else, on the contrary: he apologizes.

Mr. Hellmuth immediately changes, as if he no longer remembers how severely he insulted the woman. He says that he forgives Nora her mistake, because she is supposedly loving, but unreasonable. Torvald is irritated and does not notice at all that Nora seems to be frozen and frozen.

The woman tells the man that in their eight years of marriage they have never spoken seriously. Both father and husband considered Nora a doll, played with her like a doll. She had neither her thoughts nor her convictions. She only entertained first her father, then her husband. No one saw her as a person! Therefore, she herself did not feel like a person. But at last she realized that she lives in a doll house, that she herself is a doll, that her children are also dolls, that this life is not real. Therefore, she decided to leave home, leave her children and her husband in order to create ... herself! She will work, read, think. She will not accept money from a man, she will go now, because she cannot spend the night in a stranger's house.

The husband persuades her, but the woman is unshakable. Nora gives Helmut the ring. Hellmuth has only one hope: maybe when they both change and can start life anew.

Consider a play written by Ibsen in 1879. Let's describe its brief content. - the work in question. The action of this play takes place in Norway, contemporary to Ibsen. The inexpensively furnished and comfortable apartment of Thorvald Helmer, a lawyer, and Nora, his wife, appears before us in the play "A Doll's House". A summary of the chapters of this work begins as follows.

Preparing for Christmas

Nora enters the house from the street, bringing many boxes with her. These are gifts for Torvald and children for the Christmas tree. The husband lovingly fusses around his wife, accuses her - his butterfly, squirrel, lark, chrysalis, bird - of prodigality. But Nora retorts that a little extravagance can't hurt them this Christmas, because Helmer is starting to act as a bank director from the new year, and they will not save on everything, as in previous years.

What did Nora do for Helmer?

Nora remains a beauty even after the birth of 3 children. Helmer, after courting her, retires to his office. Fru Linde, Nora's old friend, enters the living room. She just got off the boat. Women have not seen each other for a long time - almost 8 years, and during this time a friend buried her husband, with whom the marriage turned out to be childless. And Nora, it would seem, carelessly flutters through life. But it's not. In the first year of her marriage, when her husband left the ministry, he was forced, in addition to his main job, to take business papers home and sit over them until late in the evening. As a result, Helmer fell ill. Doctors told him that only the southern climate could save him. The whole family spent a whole year in Italy. Nora allegedly took a fairly large amount needed for the trip from her father. However, in fact, one gentleman helped her. Nora received them against a loan receipt and now pays regular interest, secretly earning extra money from her husband.

Fru Linde's plans from "A Doll's House"

A summary of the actions sequentially reveals the events of the work. Ibsen goes on to say that Fru Linde wants to settle back in their city. Helmer can probably arrange it at his bank. He is now compiling the staff list and in the office talking with Krogstad, his attorney, whom he wants to fire. The place is thus freed up. It turns out that Linde knows a little about Krogstad.

Dismissal of Krogstad

Helmer really fires him. This event continues the summary of the play "A Doll's House". Nora's husband does not like people whose reputation is tarnished. Krogstad at one time (Helmer studied with him) committed a forgery. He forged a signature on the money document. However, the court was able to avoid, getting out of a difficult situation. Unpunished vice, according to Helmer, sows the seeds of decay around. People like Krogstad should be banned from having children. After all, only criminals will grow out of them with such an educator.

Krogstad's request

However, it turns out that Nora also committed the forgery. On a loan letter to Krogstad, who gave her money for Italy, she forged the signature of her father, whom she could not turn to, since he was dying at that time. Moreover, the document is dated the day when Nora's father could not sign it, since he had already died by that time. Krogstad, driven from work, asks Nora to intercede for him, because he has proven himself in the bank. Now all his cards are confused by the appointment of a new director.

Former Attorney's Threats

Helmer wants to fire him not only for the dark past, but also for the fact that he called him "you" several times from old memory. Nora asks her husband for Krogstad, but her husband, who does not take her seriously, refuses. Then Nora is threatened with exposure by Krogstad. He says that he will tell Helmer where she got the money for the trip to Italy. Her husband also learns about the forgery committed by her. And this time, having achieved nothing from Nora, Krogstad blackmails both spouses. He sends a letter to Helmer containing a direct threat - if the story of the forgery of his wife comes out, he will not be able to hold on to the post of bank director.

History with Dr. Rank

We continue to describe the summary. "Doll's House" is already approaching the finale, which is quite interesting. Nora rushes about, looking for a way out. She first flirts with Dr. Rank, a family friend. He is secretly in love with her, but doomed to death - the doctor has hereditary syphilis. For the sake of Nora, Rank is ready for anything. He offers her money, but it turns out that Krogstad wants something else. Tragically ends the story of Dr. Rank. The Helmers receive a postcard from him with a black cross in the mail, which means that Rank has locked himself at home and does not accept anyone else: he will die there without frightening his friends with his appearance.

What should Nora do? Exposure and shame scare her, it's better to commit suicide! However, Krogstad warns that it is pointless to commit suicide, because her memory will be dishonored in this case.

Help from Fru Linde

Help comes from an unexpected quarter - from Linde, Nora's friend. She explains herself at a crucial moment with Krogstad. The fact is that they were connected in the past by love, but Fru Linde married another, since she had two younger brothers and an old mother in her arms, and Krogstad's financial situation was precarious. Fru Linde is now free: her husband and mother have died, and her brothers have risen to their feet. Now she is ready to marry Krogstad. He is delighted that his life is gradually getting better. He finally finds both the right person and love. Krogstad refuses blackmail. However, it's too late - his letter is in Helmer's mailbox. And Krogstad decides: the way Nora learns what Helmer, with his prejudices and sanctimonious morality, is really worth.

Helmer's behavior after reading the letter

After reading the letter, Nora's husband is almost hysterical from the righteous anger that has seized him. Let us briefly describe his thoughts and emotions, making up a summary. "A Doll's House", it must be said, is a work with a very tense conflict.

Helmer is angry. Is his wife a criminal? It is because of her that the well-being of the family achieved by such hard work is falling apart! They won't get rid of Krogstad's demands for the rest of their lives! Nora's husband decides that he will not allow his wife to spoil the children. They will henceforth be given to the nanny for care. Helmer, for the sake of maintaining appearances, will allow his wife to stay in the house, but they will now live separately.

Nora's decision

The messenger at this moment brings a letter from Krogstad, a character in the play "A Doll's House". Its summary is as follows: it says that he refuses his demands and returns the loan letter. Helmer's mood instantly changes. Everything will be as before! However, Nora, whom he used to consider an obedient toy, suddenly rebels. She decides to leave home. They used to treat her like a doll, which is pleasant to caress. Nora had understood this before, but she loved her husband and therefore forgave him. But now it's different. Nora hoped for a miracle, that, as a loving husband, Helmer would take her guilt upon himself. Now she does not love her husband, just as Helmer did not love her before. They are strangers. And to continue to live means to commit adultery, to sell oneself for money and conveniences.

Helmer is stunned by Nora's decision to leave the "doll house". The summary of the play does not dwell in detail on the feelings of the characters. However, we note that Helmer is smart enough to understand that her feelings and words are serious. He hopes that the spouse will change her mind, and they will someday be reunited. Helmer is ready to do everything to make this happen. However, Nora's decision is final.

This concludes the drama "A Doll's House", the summary of which you have just read. We recommend reading the text in the original - the work is small in volume. After all, the artistic features of the play cannot be conveyed by its brief content. "A Doll's House" is certainly worth it to get acquainted with it in the original.