Can there be an early miscarriage? Why does a miscarriage occur in early pregnancy and how does it manifest. A short dictionary - what are the types of miscarriages

01.05.2019

Pregnancy is great. But sometimes it happens that the body itself decides to get rid of the incipient new life, and then a miscarriage occurs. In most cases, this occurs early in pregnancy, in the first 12 weeks.

Statistics say that every fifth woman loses a child without even knowing that she is pregnant. From a gynecological point of view, a miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks, since children born prematurely - after 22 weeks and weighing 500 grams, today's medicine has the ability to save. But, if the weight is below 500 grams, then the possibilities are zero.

As we have already said, in most cases it happens that the woman does not even suspect that she is pregnant and nothing bothers her. Waiting for the onset of menstruation, she simply registers that she has a delay, and after a few days, menstruation begins, but goes more profusely than usual and with pain.

Sometimes, an early miscarriage is characterized by only moderate pain in the lower abdomen and profuse bleeding, then a woman does not even consult a doctor if the bleeding stops soon. If the bleeding is profuse for several days, then going to the doctor cannot be avoided.

In some cases, such periods with a delay are very painful, and one day a blood clot comes out. Then it is already possible to say for sure about spontaneous miscarriage at an early date. Usually this clot resembles a bursting bubble of blood. This phenomenon always scares those who encounter it for the first time. After the release of a blood clot, it is imperative to consult a doctor: first, to undergo an examination and determine exactly what it was; secondly, to check if cleaning is necessary.

A miscarriage is a phenomenon that makes both the body and the soul suffer. Many people know that there is such a danger as spontaneous abortion, but not everyone knows about its causes, and how it can be prevented.

If we talk about early miscarriage up to 12 weeks, then basically it is a test and warning for parents. A miscarriage at this stage of development suggests that either the mother's body is not yet ready for the normal development of the baby inside it, or something is wrong with the health of both parents, and it needs to be strengthened so that the baby will develop healthy in the future, and the organism from unhealthy ones and in the future it will get rid of on its own.

Early miscarriage: causes

Genetic disorder in the fetus... Special attention is paid to the healthy laying of all organs of the future person, which requires equal 23 chromosomes from mom and dad. And if a mutating element suddenly appears in one of them, then it is recognized as incompetent, and a miscarriage occurs.

The presence of such elements is influenced by ecology, viruses, occupational hazards. It is very difficult to avoid these factors; you can only reduce the risk of their influence on the body by going on vacation: for fresh air and for a long time. Carrying out a miscarriage, thus, the body produces natural selection, characteristic of all life on earth.

Hormonal Disorders. It is known that hormones are responsible for the good vital functions of a woman's body, therefore, their incorrect balance in the body can lead to an early miscarriage. Also, a lack of the hormone progesterone or an excess of the male hormone causes this phenomenon. If such a problem in a woman is diagnosed in advance, then hormone therapy is prescribed to her before planning a pregnancy, which avoids a miscarriage.

Rhesus conflict. It is not for nothing that when planning a pregnancy, they are obliged to pass a blood test to determine the group of both the mother and the father (if the mother has a negative Rh factor). In this case, the father's Rh is important, since its opposite indicator can lead to the development of a Rh conflict, when the embryo inherits a positive Rh from the father, and the mother's body determines its tissues as foreign and rejects them, saving itself, as it seems to it.

If the father also has a negative Rh factor, then this problem does not arise. With the timely diagnosis of such a pathology, the hormone progesterone is used, which plays a protective role for the embryo and eliminates this cause of spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage.

Infections. Infection is bad anyway. If you know that you or your partner have a sexually transmitted infection, you need to get rid of it before you become pregnant. When pregnancy occurs with such a diagnosis, the fetus becomes infected and, again, the body will get rid of the embryo at an early stage.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of internal organs. Any temperature rise up to 38 degrees, caused by a disease of the internal organs, can cause early miscarriage. Usually, such a temperature is accompanied by intoxication of the whole organism, and therefore it is unable to hold the embryo. This is why it is so important to undergo a full examination when planning a pregnancy, to detect and treat all chronic diseases and get vaccinated if necessary.

Abortion. As you know, this is an interference with the ordinary life of the female body. If an abortion has ever taken place, then it can lead either to habitual spontaneous miscarriages or to infertility.

Medicines. In the first trimester, the use of any medications is generally not recommended, which can lead to defects in the development of the fetus. There are also herbs that are contraindicated in early pregnancy: parsley, nettle, cornflower, St. John's wort, tansy.

Bad mood. More precisely, severe stress, grief, prolonged mental stress can negatively affect the emergence of a new life. In this case, only with the recommendation of a doctor, it is possible to take some sedatives.

Lifestyle. You need to change your habits right away when planning a pregnancy. Getting rid of bad habits, balanced and nutritious nutrition are the first conditions for the development of a healthy child, the opposite can lead to miscarriage.

Physical impact. Unsuccessful falls, heavy lifting are the starting point for miscarriage and contribute to it only if one of the above reasons is on the face. If the mother is healthy, then this effect must be very strong to cause a miscarriage.

Early miscarriage: symptoms

The most common signs of a miscarriage are lower abdominal pain and bleeding... Also, pain from the lower abdomen can indulge in the lower back. This pain is intermittent. Vaginal discharge talk about the threat of early miscarriage. If such discharge has a reddish or even brownish tint, then you should see a doctor to avoid miscarriage.

Often referred to as a symptom of miscarriage uterine tone, but only in cases where it is accompanied by discomfort for the mother and pain. If it is not accompanied by anything, then the recommendations of doctors stop at reducing physical exertion and reducing stressful situations.

In some cases, even after the above symptoms, the pregnancy proceeds normally in the future, only under the more careful supervision of doctors, then they talk about the threat of miscarriage.

The symptoms of a miscarriage at any stage of pregnancy are relatively similar. Only they can be accompanied by more severe pain and profuse discharge.

Second trimester: symptoms of miscarriage:

the damage to the bag of amniotic fluid is indicated by the liquid that drips from the vagina, in this case, an appeal to the doctor should be instant;
vaginal bleeding is a sign of miscarriage in any trimester of pregnancy;
blood clots that appear during urination, accompanied by pain;
internal bleeding, which can be indicated by very severe pain in the shoulder or in the stomach area.

How is a threatened miscarriage diagnosed?

If your pregnancy is planned, and you went through all the procedures necessary for the preparation, which the doctor told you about, passed all the tests and treated all the diseases found in the disease, then the possibility of miscarriage is reduced to a minimum. If some contraindications were discovered in advance, then great attention is paid to them already at the conception of the baby. In this case, the diagnosis of the threat of miscarriage takes place at the planning stage, and treatment is prescribed in advance.

If pregnancy occurs spontaneously, without prior treatment and examination, then any gynecologist can diagnose a miscarriage during a routine examination. Examining a woman who came with a delay problem, the doctor determines the expected gestational age.

checks the conformity of the size of the uterus to the given period;
checks for the presence of uterine tone;
determines if the cervix is closed;
draws attention to the nature of the discharge (bloody or mucous).

The most reliable way to diagnose miscarriage or premature birth at a later date is transvaginal ultrasound, which is performed by an experienced doctor. When using this method, the length of the cervix and the condition of the internal os are checked.

Early miscarriage treatment

The most basic and first thing that a doctor advises in case of a threat of miscarriage at any stage of pregnancy is adherence to bed rest... In some cases, in order to maintain the pregnancy, the woman is even forbidden to get out of bed. It is clear that your physical activity should be reduced to zero when there is a threat of miscarriage.

It is also recommended to reduce the level of anxiety, bad news and thoughts. Already from the first weeks of existence, the nascent life feels you from the inside, any of your excitement can negatively affect its state. And disturbances in the condition can lead to its rejection by your body. To avoid these nervous tensions, your doctor may prescribe valerian or motherwort.

You yourself can use relaxation therapy: sit comfortably on a sofa or armchair and think about something good. The best in this case can be dreams of a future baby, choosing a name, mentally drawing his portrait. But all this after consulting a doctor.

If the threat of termination of pregnancy is more serious and just good thoughts cannot be dispensed with, then the first thing the doctor does is determine the cause of the threat. After determining the cause of the threat of miscarriage in the first weeks of pregnancy, prescribe hormonal drugs, which are designed to maintain a good course of pregnancy.

You may be prescribed progesterone (it is part of urozhestan, duphaston), drugs for hyperandrogenism (with a large amount of male hormones), as well as drugs when there is a threat of Rh-conflict, can be prescribed.

If the doctor deems it necessary, then an additional intrauterine ultrasound examination can be performed. If such an examination reveals a failure, then stitches are placed on the cervix that stop the fertilized egg inside the uterus. Such an operation is performed in a hospital and under anesthesia, while relaxing drugs are injected into the uterus.

Most cases of a threat of miscarriage in early pregnancy are treated in a hospital, sometimes women have to remain under the supervision of doctors until the very end of pregnancy, that is, before childbirth. In some cases, treatment begins in a hospital, and then goes to home conditions, subject to bed rest. Sometimes, having undergone treatment with a threat of miscarriage at an early stage, a woman does not return to him until the very birth.

Prevention of miscarriage

It is possible to avoid miscarriage in most cases. If a couple treats their decision in a balanced and responsible manner, then a doctor will be examined in time, which will reveal all kinds of deviations and inconsistencies in the organisms of a man and a woman. A preliminary examination will allow you to cure all kinds of infectious and hormonal diseases that can cause miscarriage later.

Six months before the planned conception, the couple's habits and lifestyle should be changed. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce your risk of miscarriage.

Consequences after a miscarriage in the early stages

From a medical point of view, serious consequences after a spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages are extremely rare. Big problems can arise if this miscarriage is caused on its own with the help of medications or folk remedies, or if fetal particles remain in the uterus, which most often happens at a later date with miscarriages.

It is with the aim of avoiding such problems and in the early stages that gynecologists prefer to do preventive cleaning of the uterus after a miscarriage. If a woman seeks a doctor, she is always given a control ultrasound.

Many believe that the consequence of one miscarriage is subsequent spontaneous miscarriages. But in reality this is not the case. Subsequent miscarriages occur after the first only if the cause of the first miscarriage has not been identified or this cause has not been treated.

A miscarriage in early pregnancy does not bear serious consequences only with a timely visit to a doctor. If we neglect this fact, then severe uterine bleeding may occur, that is, a large loss of blood, which will lead to death, or blood poisoning, which is also extremely unpleasant and dangerous.

Even if the next menstruation does not go as usual (more abundant or with severe pain), it is better to consult a doctor with this, and suddenly you were pregnant and did not notice it. The answer to the question of what to do in case of early miscarriage is to consult a doctor, if it is very bad, then even call an ambulance.

Replies

You can still easily fit into tight jeans, you have not yet encountered morning sickness, age spots, stretch marks on your stomach. But you already have a test with two red stripes - the main proof of your belonging to the happy class of pregnant women.

Your treasure is still very tiny. Only the most sensitive equipment can record its presence in your womb. But that doesn't stop you from coming up with a name for him, talking to him and stopping at shops with baby clothes to look after something for the unborn, but already existing baby. But this joyful prospect, this rainbow illusion can be interrupted overnight by a terrible and inexorable word.

According to statistics, 15-20% of all pregnancies end in miscarriages.... In most cases, this happens when the woman does not yet realize that she is pregnant. But sometimes this happens to those who have already become attached to their belly-resident and fell in love with him. How to console a woman in this case? Only the next pregnancy. But those who have had such a misfortune in their lives, and those who have not yet learned the bitterness of loss, should go through a small educational program on issues related to miscarriage. The most important thing is to know what factors can cause abortion and what can be done to prevent miscarriage.

A small embryo develops in the uterus, invading its mucous membrane, within nine months. If for some reason he is expelled from the uterus before 22 weeks of pregnancy, then they talk about spontaneous abortion. Or, as it is more commonly called, miscarriage.

Miscarriage is early - for up to 12 weeks, and late - from 12 to 22. Expulsion of the fetus from the uterus at 23 to 37 weeks - is considered premature birth. From 37 to 42 weeks - urgent delivery, that is, normal. But if childbirth occurs after 42 weeks, then they are called belated and in this case they say that the woman is “overdue”.

There is also, if I may say so, the classification of newborns. If childbirth occurred before 22 weeks, doctors talk about the expulsion of the fetus from the uterus. But a fetus born at a period of 22 to 37 weeks is already considered a premature newborn. At the same time, he should weigh at least 500 grams and have a height of at least 25 cm. In recent years, doctors have finally come to a consensus that the border between miscarriage and premature birth should be considered the sixth month, or rather -22-27 weeks pregnancy. Experience shows that from the twenty-eighth week of pregnancy, the newborn has a chance to survive. Along with miscarriage (spontaneous abortion), occurring without outside intervention, there is also a so-called artificial abortion (from lat.abortus artificialis \ in which pregnancy is terminated deliberately by prescribing drugs or a small surgical intervention. Approximately 10% of pregnancies end in miscarriage. The first symptoms of miscarriage are cramping pains in the lower abdomen and bleeding.When examining the blood released during a miscarriage, in more than 50% of cases, the fetus either could not be detected at all, or it had pathologies. Thus, a spontaneous miscarriage is a natural termination of pregnancy, which regulates the body itself women.

Symptoms:
Cramping pains in the lower abdomen.

Bleeding in the first 22-27 weeks of pregnancy.

Rules and exclusions

Typically, a baby born before six months is not viable. Only in one case out of a hundred doctors manage to save the life of this tiny creature. As an example, consider one 5 month old Danish girl who was born with a chicken weight of 675 grams! There were practically no chances for her salvation, such crumbs are not able to “mature” in an ordinary jail. But the doctors put the baby in ... a bath with a nutrient solution, creating for her a kind of maternal womb. And the girl survived! Seven-month-old babies survive quite easily, naturally, with proper care and medical supervision. But in eight-month-old newborns - a paradoxical situation! - there is practically no chance to survive ...

Why do spontaneous abortions occur? What prevents the fetus from developing normally inside the uterus? What forces drive him out of his mother's womb ahead of time?

Miscarriage - symptoms

If you notice the first signs of an impending disaster in time, it is usually possible to save the pregnancy. Symptoms vary, but bleeding of any kind should be considered a dangerous signal.

Pain in the lower abdomen or lower back, especially cramping nature, spotting, bleeding - if any of these symptoms appear, immediately consult a doctor, call an ambulance. In such situations, every minute counts. Bleeding with pieces of tissue indicates that a miscarriage has already occurred.

Although bleeding is not always a threat. A miscarriage begins with bleeding, progressing from mild to severe, as well as possible spasms. Sometimes it is very small, no more than a drop. Sometimes blood is bright red, sometimes dark brown. The bleeding may be very mild, but last for several weeks.

A woman may feel abdominal cramps or other discomfort similar to those experienced with menstruation. Some women experience pain, but not all. Then all this can completely stop, and then resume again. If treatment is started immediately, the embryo in some cases can be saved and the pregnancy can be brought to its logical end - childbirth.

Or it may be that after becoming pregnant, a woman feels quite normal for several weeks or months. And suddenly, all of a sudden, she starts having contractions and bleeding.

If, among the secretions, she finds something similar to particles of the embryo, then a miscarriage has occurred, and the pregnancy has ended. Usually, the fetus dies a few days or weeks before nature removes it from the uterus. Therefore, parts of it are small and they may not be noticed among the blood secretions. In fact, a miscarriage resembles an inflated gray-white balloon.

This is if the placenta is not ruptured. Or you can see pearly white particles in the blood clots. Then you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.

The conversation will focus on early miscarriages occurring up to 12 weeks, because the vast majority of them occur during this period. So, the most common causes of miscarriages in early pregnancy:

Genetic disorders in the fetus
According to statistics, about 73% of miscarriages occur for this reason. As a rule, these genetic defects are not hereditary, but are the result of single mutations that have occurred in the germ cells of the parents under the influence of harmful environmental factors (radiation, occupational hazards, viruses, etc.). Termination of pregnancy for this reason is a kind of natural selection - getting rid of weak, unviable offspring. It is almost impossible to prevent such a miscarriage; you can only reduce the risk of genetic abnormalities even before conception, by protecting yourself as much as possible from the effects of mutagenic factors. But in modern ecology, the likelihood of mutations still remains, therefore, miscarriages that occur for this reason can be honored for the good, because they save a woman from many problems and troubles in the future.

Hormonal Disorders
If the balance of hormones in a woman's body is imbalanced, an early termination of pregnancy often occurs. Most often this happens with a lack of the main hormone of pregnancy - progesterone. With early detection of this problem, pregnancy can be saved with the help of progesterone drugs. An excess of male sex hormones can also cause early miscarriage - they suppress the production of estrogen and progesterone. Androgens are often the cause of recurrent (habitual) miscarriages. The hormones of the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland also influence the formation and development of pregnancy. Therefore, dysfunction of these glands can also cause miscarriage.

Immunological causes
As a rule, this happens with Rh-conflict. The embryo inherits the Rh-positive organism from the father, while the Rh-negative organism of the mother rejects the foreign tissues of the embryo. For the prevention of miscarriage in case of immune conflict, progesterone preparations are used, which in this case has an immunomodulatory effect.
Sexually transmitted infections: Trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, chlamydia, as well as herpes and cytomegalovirus infections often cause miscarriage.
Pathogenic bacteria and viruses cause infection of the fetus, damage to the membranes, resulting in a miscarriage. To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to treat infections before pregnancy.

General infectious diseases and inflammatory diseases of internal organs.
All diseases accompanied by intoxication and an increase in body temperature above 38 o C can lead to miscarriage. Rubella, viral hepatitis and influenza are in the lead in this list. Even a banal sore throat can become fatal at 4-10 weeks of pregnancy. And pneumonia, pyelonephritis, appendicitis are a serious risk to the fetus. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, it is worth undergoing a complete medical examination, identifying and treating all foci of chronic infection.

History of abortion
Abortion is not just a medical manipulation: it is a huge stress for the female body, which can cause dysfunction of the ovaries and adrenal glands; contributing to the development of inflammatory processes in the genitals. This can lead to infertility and recurrent miscarriages in the future.

Medicines and herbs
In the first trimester of pregnancy, it is advisable to avoid taking medications altogether. Many of them can cause termination of pregnancy or cause the formation of developmental defects in the fetus. So, for example, narcotic analgesics or hormonal contraceptives are often the culprit in abortion. You also need to be careful with medicinal herbs: parsley, nettle, cornflower, St. John's wort, tansy - are contraindicated in early pregnancy.

Stress
Severe fright or unexpected grief, resentment or prolonged mental stress are dangerous for the little creature in your womb. If you, by the will of fate, are forced to be under the influence of stress, discuss with your doctor the possibility of taking sedatives, at least the same valerian.

Unhealthy Lifestyle
Alcohol, drugs, smoking, regular coffee consumption, unhealthy and inadequate nutrition are all allies of miscarriage. It is better to correct your lifestyle even before conception.

Falls, lifting weights, intercourse
All this, although rare, can become a trigger for termination of pregnancy, therefore, take care of yourself, and therefore your baby!

Many are convinced that spontaneous abortion occurs due to a fall, bruise or some other physical shock. Any woman who has had a miscarriage can remember that shortly before she either fell or lifted something heavy.

And I am sure that I lost my unborn child precisely because of this. But the reason is not this, but in the violations of the pregnancy itself.

About half of spontaneous abortions occur due to abnormal genetic development of the fetus, which can be hereditary or accidental. The woman's body itself destroys the defective and non-viable fetus. But don't be afraid of it.

If there is a defect in one embryo, it does not mean at all that all the others will be the same.

The other half of spontaneous abortions of pregnancy are caused by various known and unknown factors, such as various kinds of acute infectious diseases suffered in the first trimester of pregnancy, poor ecology or difficult working conditions, excessive psychological or physical stress, abnormal development of the uterus, radiation, alcohol, drugs and some types of medicines.

Among infectious diseases, the leading role is played by influenza, which is the most common disease.

A miscarriage can occur with a sore throat, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, appendicitis and other acute inflammatory processes in various systems and organs. One of the reasons that spontaneous abortion can occur is very poor nutrition (malnutrition and hunger), as well as high blood sugar levels.

Common causes include prior induced termination of pregnancy.

The production of induced abortion during the first pregnancy is especially unfavorable. Women are often prescribed progesterone, since many abortions occur due to a lack of this particular hormone in the mother's body.

I must say that regardless of the reason for the miscarriage, doctors have identified a depressing pattern: with each spontaneous termination of pregnancy, the risk that the same will happen again in the next pregnancy increases.

There is a diagnosis: habitual miscarriage, which means that the woman had not one miscarriage, but several. This diagnosis is usually made when a woman has had three spontaneous abortions in a row without a normal pregnancy. But in no case should we forget that after a miscarriage, you can give birth to an absolutely healthy child.

It should be remembered: despite the fact that each miscarriage reduces the chance of a subsequent successful pregnancy, a woman can still give birth to a full-fledged healthy child.

Medical statistics note that recently there have been cases of the threat of early termination of pregnancy, so every expectant mother needs to know her symptoms, as well as what are her reasons that can provoke a miscarriage. A miscarriage is a spontaneous abortion that occurs during the first 22 weeks of gestation. If the interruption occurred after this critical period, then doctors diagnose not a miscarriage, but childbirth that occurred before the appointed time (in the fifth month and later).

Symptoms of an early miscarriage threat

As doctors note, in 20% of conceptions an involuntary abortion occurs, which sometimes many women do not even notice, believing that the appearance of bleeding signals that menstruation has begun.

In accordance with these data, several types of termination of pregnancy are distinguished.:

Incomplete / complete abortion;
Threatened abortion;
Non-developing pregnancy;
Started abortion.

These processes differ in their dynamics, although such a division can be called superficial, conditional. A complete miscarriage suggests that the uterus rejects not only the fetus, but also the fetal bladder, and water. An incomplete abortion is characterized by complete or partial rejection of the fetus, while the amniotic membrane remains in the uterus, which requires special surgical intervention.

The incipient abortion is accompanied by severe bleeding and pain for a long period of time.

During this period, a pregnant woman may begin contractions and dilatation of the cervix, that is, one can state a kind of onset of labor. Threatened abortion manifests itself in weak uterine contractions and little bleeding, but in most cases this passes quickly and the pregnancy remains intact. The release of the uterus from the fertilized egg is considered a defense mechanism. If this process occurs before the 12th week of the term, then an early miscarriage is diagnosed, if after the 12th week, then a late miscarriage occurs. In the case when the pregnancy ends after 22 weeks, we can talk about premature birth.

The main causes of miscarriage in early pregnancy

It is rather difficult to determine the reasons for which self-abortion occurred at the beginning of the term, since there is a need for a comprehensive examination with the subsequent delivery of all the required tests. Basically, the causes of involuntary abortion are divided into two large groups: medical and socio-biological.

The first group of reasons includes the following factors:

Heavy physical activity;
Age;
Wrong lifestyle;
Severe stress, anxiety, nervous breakdown;
Unfavorable living conditions;
Accidents.

Thus, a miscarriage is triggered as a result of strong stressful experiences of the mother, her smoking, alcoholism or drug addiction, as well as as a result of injury. In addition, the mother's age also has a serious impact on the pregnancy process - the older the woman, the more likely it is to terminate the pregnancy, as well as her living conditions (financial situation, ecology, etc.).

Medical reasons for a miscarriage include a woman's health problems, as well as:

Serious hormonal imbalance;
Viral and infectious diseases;
Pathology of the body's immunity;
Fetal abnormalities or genetic disorders in a woman.

In addition, one of the reasons for the termination of pregnancy can be an arbitrary abortion performed earlier, which can provoke a variety of complications, as well as cause secondary infertility. Miscarriage can lead to drug treatment, independent use of medicinal plants or drugs. The threat of interruption can also arise in a situation of Rh-conflict, in such cases the likelihood of miscarriage is very high.

How does a miscarriage happen?

In the early stages of pregnancy, it is very difficult to differentiate what causes the miscarriage, so most experts believe that it is caused by genetic factors.

The interruption process itself takes place in several stages.:

The threat of interruption;
Incipient miscarriage;
Incomplete abortion;
Complete abortion.

With a threatened abortion, detachment of the placenta begins, which is accompanied by the onset of the primary symptoms of interruption: spotting and severe pain in the lower abdomen. If a woman manages to notice these signs in time, then the likelihood of maintaining the pregnancy is much higher.

However, if the pregnant woman failed to understand the signals of her body, the placenta exfoliates, which leads to the death of the fetus, that is, the phase of imminent abortion begins, which cannot be prevented.

As a result of an incomplete abortion, the placenta completely exfoliates, and the embryo dies, after which the body begins to reject it. And the stage of complete abortion begins, during which the elimination of the place and the fetus from the uterus and genital tract occurs. Thus, the pregnancy is finally terminated.

Recommendations: how to recognize the signs of miscarriage in early pregnancy

The entire pregnancy process, especially in the first or second month, includes several critical periods.

It is during these periods that the threat of interruption arises.:

Fetal implantation begins at 2-3 weeks of pregnancy, but in the presence of scars, injuries or abnormalities in the structure of the uterus, this process is disrupted, as a result of which a threat appears.
The most vulnerable embryo becomes at 4-6 weeks, when developmental abnormalities can begin to form, which do not allow it to live and develop further.
At 8-12 weeks, the placenta is actively developing, so there is a high risk of pathologies in its structure. And a miscarriage at this stage may be associated with a lack of progesterone in the woman's body.

Information: what an early miscarriage looks like

It is rather difficult to independently determine that a miscarriage has occurred, since it can be accurately distinguished only as a result of a comprehensive medical examination.

At the same time, you can find out the signs of a miscarriage in a short period of time.:

Brownish discharge or bleeding with varying intensity;
The embryo leaves through the genital tract;
Pain in the lower abdomen;
The amniotic fluid has departed;
Strong convulsive contractions begin;
The temperature rises sharply and the general health of the pregnant woman worsens.

In the early stages, symptoms of a miscarriage can manifest as menstruation after a slight delay. If a woman has undergone express pregnancy testing after her periods have disappeared and was able to get a positive result, then a miscarriage can be diagnosed with a sudden onset of the menstrual cycle.

The first signs of a miscarriage: treatment and consequences

Conception can happen quite safely, however, soon the fetus can attach to the uterine wall and freeze in development, in which case it can be argued that the pregnancy process is false. To avoid the threat of termination of pregnancy, every woman must do all the necessary procedures (for example, an ultrasound scan), pass all the tests and undergo the required examinations.

As soon as a woman succeeds in getting pregnant, a miscarriage may be suspected, in which case experts give the following recommendations:

Bed rest and the maximum reduction in physical activity on the female body;
Complete removal of the possibility of experiences, worries, stresses, emotional upheavals, etc.;
Taking hormonal drugs (as prescribed by a doctor);
Rejection of bad habits;
Correction of the diet.

It is necessary to consult a doctor when the first negative symptoms appear, since in the event of a threatening miscarriage, the pregnancy can be preserved, but for this it is necessary to determine exactly what is the main cause of the threat. A woman should not make hasty conclusions, since any emotional shock or experience can only aggravate the situation.

At the same time, you need to understand that the absence of any action can entail negative consequences:

The introduction of infection into the female body, in the presence of blood clots and the remains of a dead fetus.
The retention of particles of the ovum in the uterus, which leads to an increase in uterine contractions, and, consequently, bleeding, through which the uterus tries to remove a foreign body from the body.
Dysfunction of the hormonal background, due to the abrupt interruption of the pregnancy process.

Therefore, it is very important to go through the "cleansing" process, during which the remnants of the fetus, particles of the unformed placenta and blood clots will be removed from the female body. When determining the cause of a miscarriage, a pregnant woman undergoes a course of prevention of subsequent pregnancies.

Early signs of miscarriage (video)

In most cases, the pregnancy process goes well, but sometimes certain difficulties occur in the form of the threat of termination of pregnancy and miscarriage. It is impossible to determine with certainty why this happens to a particular woman, in a particular situation. Therefore, it is very important for the expectant mother to undergo all the necessary examinations in order to prevent any deviations from the normal course of the pregnancy process.

The birth of a new life is a wonderful process that rebuilds a woman's body for an important function. A miscarriage in early pregnancy negatively affects the general health and psyche of the expectant mother. Consider the main symptoms and causes of interruption, as well as treatment options.

How does a miscarriage manifest?

According to statistics, every fifth woman has no idea that she is pregnant. In the process of waiting for menstruation, young ladies simply note a slight delay. Menstruation passes profusely and with increased pain. Ladies learn about spontaneous interruption only after visiting the gynecologist's office.

How do the symptoms of miscarriage appear in early pregnancy:

Vaginal bleeding. For several days, there is a weak discharge of the ichor, which intensifies over time. Blood is characterized by both scarlet and brown color.
Cutting pain. Lower abdominal cramps appear and disappear.
Isolation of pieces of tissue. Outwardly, it resembles a burst ball of blood.
Weakening of the main signs of embryo formation.

Women's health is a fragile mechanism that is sensitive to any changes. If you find signs of a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy, then we recommend that you immediately contact a specialist. The sooner the therapy starts, the more effective the result will be.

According to some sources, about 10-20% of established pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. In addition, miscarriage often occurs at very early stages (before the 12th week), when the woman herself has not yet learned about pregnancy, and took his symptoms for the next menstruation or their delay.

In medicine, a miscarriage is considered to be an independent abortion, which happened at an early stage at 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and before the 22nd week of pregnancy. Children who were born prematurely, but after the 22nd week and weighing 500 g, modern medicine is able to save and leave.

How dangerous is an early miscarriage

Abortion, including spontaneous abortion, is a huge stress for the immune and hormonal systems of the body, as well as a great psychological shock for a woman.

In most cases, miscarriage survivors perceive the incident as a tragedy. Some are able to recover from stress and depression within 1-3 months, while others take much longer to recover emotionally. Therefore, in such a period, a woman especially needs understanding and support from her spouse and loved ones.

As for the physical condition and the resumption of reproductive function, with timely receipt of medical care and adherence to the prescribed treatment, the recovery takes place quite quickly and in the future a woman has every chance of getting pregnant and giving birth to a healthy child.

There is a danger to a woman's health in such cases:

The uterus is not completely cleared of the embryo or membrane. Because of this, their decay may occur, which provokes the onset of inflammatory processes. Therefore, it is very important to consult a doctor and conduct the necessary examinations. If necessary, cleaning of the uterine cavity is prescribed.
The woman has lost a lot of blood. In such cases, hospitalization, blood transfusion or other surgical interventions are necessary.
The cause of the spontaneous abortion has not been determined. The great danger is not the miscarriage itself, but the reason that provoked it. If you do not carry out a thorough diagnosis and cure the existing diseases, there is a danger that in the future the situation will not only repeat itself, but also affect the health condition even more seriously.

What can provoke a spontaneous abortion

The causes of early miscarriage can vary.

According to statistics, approximately 73% of miscarriages occur due to abnormalities in the development of the fetus. All systems in the body of the fetus are laid in the early stages of pregnancy. The woman's immune system, having identified genetic abnormalities in the developing body, can itself reject the fetus.

In most cases, these abnormalities are not hereditary, but occur as a result of mutations that have occurred in the cells of the parents due to the influence of mutagenic factors. These include viruses, radiation, poor ecology, hazardous production, etc.

As a rule, it is almost impossible to prevent miscarriage in such cases. But by reducing the influence of negative factors and undergoing treatment, the chances of the next successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby increase significantly.

For example, in many cases, the cause of spontaneous abortion was found to be a violation of the woman's endocrine system. This is due to the fact that hormones have a great influence on the intrauterine development of the child and if a pregnant woman has any hormonal imbalance, then the body is not able to cope with the pregnancy.

To diagnose a disorder, the doctor prescribes a series of tests, after which a course of treatment is prescribed. It is possible to plan a new pregnancy after a miscarriage after the balance of hormones in the body is restored. But if you identify the problem in a timely manner and seek medical help, then a miscarriage can be avoided.

One of the reasons for miscarriages at the initial stage of pregnancy is also abortions performed in the past (medical, vacuum, surgical). The fact is that abortion is not just a rough intervention, but also a strong shock and stress for the whole organism.

The consequences of abortions can be menstrual irregularities, adhesions and scars on the uterus, dysfunction of the ovaries, adrenal glands, inflammation of internal organs, endocrine diseases, ectopic pregnancy, recurrent miscarriages and infertility.

The cause of spontaneous abortion is quite often STIs: herpesvirus infection, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia and others. Viruses and bacteria infect the membranes and infect the fetus, increasing the risk of termination of pregnancy. In order to prevent this from happening, you should be tested for STIs before pregnancy and carry out the necessary treatment.

The risk of early miscarriage increases with the so-called Rh-conflict, when the blood of the expectant mother has a negative Rh factor. Then the woman's immune system perceives the fetus as a foreign body and tries to get rid of it. Experts recommend paying attention to this even before pregnancy, taking tests and following the doctor's instructions. If a woman finds out about the Rh-conflict already during pregnancy, it is necessary to consult a doctor and take special medications.

An unhealthy lifestyle negatively affects pregnancy and fetal growth. Therefore, one should get rid of bad habits (alcohol, smoking, etc.) even at the stage of conception planning.

Severe stress, fright, unexpected grief, nervous strain are dangerous both for a pregnant woman and for a child growing inside due to the release of a large amount of hormones into the bloodstream. Try to keep your worries to a minimum, discuss this issue with your doctor. You may need to take a course of sedatives.

Taking certain medications, decoctions or herbal infusions can cause spontaneous abortion or provoke the development of certain defects in the fetus. Some herbs such as parsley, St. John's wort, nettle, tansy, cornflower should be limited in early pregnancy.

Intense physical activity, lifting weights, falling or hitting hard are also dangerous. Often, such factors act only as a "push" to a miscarriage if a woman has any of the above problems.

How to understand that a miscarriage has occurred - the main signs of pathology

The most important and most dangerous symptom of a miscarriage is bleeding from the genitals. It is not very plentiful and lasts for several days. The color of the discharge is from bright red to dark brown. Also, along with blood, small blood clots may come out of the vagina, which also indicates that self-abortion has occurred.

In any case, even scanty, uncharacteristic for pregnancy, smearing discharge should alert a woman, because over time, bleeding may intensify and spontaneous miscarriage will occur.

There may also be cutting pains in the lower abdomen and heaviness in the lumbar region. It happens that the pain occurs periodically, as if "rolls over" in waves and disappears. Although these symptoms are not necessary: in some cases, women do not experience any pain at all.

If a miscarriage occurs after the 13th week, the woman notes pains that resemble labor pains, her water leaves and then the fetus is expelled from the uterus.
If a pregnant woman has any of these symptoms, an ambulance should be called immediately.

Consultation from a doctor in this video:

Spontaneous abortion or menstruation - how to determine

As mentioned above, a woman does not always realize that she is already pregnant, especially in the very first weeks. The emerging bleeding is perceived as the onset of menstruation.

Distinguishing discharge during menstruation from blood that appears during a miscarriage is almost impossible. You can find out exactly whether a pregnancy has taken place. One of the ways is to be tested to determine the level of the pregnancy hormone in the blood - human chronic gonadotropin. Even after self-abortion, the level of this hormone is increased for some time, which indicates that pregnancy was still present. If the result is positive, it is worth contacting a doctor to make sure that the embryo has completely left the uterus.

You can also try doing a pregnancy test at home. The hCG level is determined by urine. If the test showed one strip - there was no pregnancy, and if two were noticed - then perhaps this indicates that a miscarriage has occurred. Another test should be performed and if the result is the same, consult a doctor.

At a very early stage, ultrasound may not show any results, since in the first days the ovum is simply not visible, it is still too small.

How is the threat diagnosed early

Modern diagnostic methods allow you to determine the risk of termination of pregnancy and find its cause to determine the correct treatment tactics:

Gynecological examination, which helps the doctor determine the overall picture and assess the condition of the cervix.
When threatened, an ultrasound examination is performed. Ultrasound allows you to study the structural features of the uterus, find out what happens to the fetus and the placenta.
Analysis for the level of progesterone.
Analysis for the detection of viruses in the blood: herpes, toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, etc.
A blood test to determine antibodies for hCG.
Vaginal smear and blood for infections: gonorrhea, ureaplasma, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, etc.
Analysis of blood clotting (if earlier pregnancy also ended in miscarriages).

Treatment for the threat of termination of pregnancy depends on the severity of the situation and the reasons that caused the complication. If there is an opportunity to save the fetus, the woman will have to be treated in a hospital or, if the condition allows, at home. Sometimes it takes only a few days to eliminate the threat, and in some cases, the pregnant woman is kept until the birth itself.

The consequences of a miscarriage

If a spontaneous miscarriage happened early, and the woman turned to the doctor on time, then there should be no serious consequences and threats to her health.
Complications arise if the uterus is not completely cleansed and part of the embryo or its membranes remains inside it. This can provoke an infection of the uterus, which, in turn, threatens inflammation of the pelvic organs and even sepsis. This also leads to endometritis, inflammation of the appendages, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, ovarian dysfunction, infertility.

It is believed that if a woman has a miscarriage, then her next pregnancy is also at risk. In fact, such a risk exists, but only if the cause of the previous miscarriage has not been determined and the woman has not received appropriate treatment.

When a pregnant woman with suspected miscarriage is in no hurry to go to the hospital, she may experience severe bleeding, which cannot be stopped on her own.

Serious health problems arise in women who try to provoke an interruption on their own using traditional methods. The longer the period, the higher the risk of complications and even death increases.

Preventive actions

There are preventive measures that can be taken to prepare for conception and to minimize the risk of early termination of pregnancy. First of all, a woman who takes care of herself and the well-being of the child must get rid of addictions (do not smoke or abuse alcoholic beverages), lead a healthy lifestyle.

Together with your spouse, consult a doctor, take tests to identify chronic and latent diseases, including sexually transmitted infections. Remember that parental illness can negatively affect both the pregnancy process and the child's development. Get tested for hormone levels. If the diagnosis shows the presence of any disease, take its treatment seriously and follow all the recommendations of your doctor.

To reduce the risk of miscarriage, you should be very attentive to your condition, especially in the initial stages. If you notice any of the symptoms that may indicate termination of pregnancy, immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance. Avoid stress, intense physical exertion, visit an antenatal clinic regularly.

Conclusion

Unfortunately, no one is insured against early miscarriage, but if this has already happened, you need to make every effort to cope with the loss. It is necessary to recover as soon as possible and eliminate all the reasons that prevent in the future to bear and give birth to a healthy child.