Development of fine motor skills of the child. Massage of palms and fingers with natural materials. The general concept and features of fine motor skills in children

04.08.2019

Pridvorova Vera Sergeevna, educator MBDOU CRR - DS No. 53 "Herringbone", Tambov

How often do we hear the expression "fine motor skills"? What is fine motor skills? Physiologists mean by this expression the movement of small muscles in the hands. It is important to remember about hand-eye coordination, since the development of small hand movements occurs under the control of vision. Why is it so important to develop the fine motor skills of the child's hands? The fact is that in the human brain, the centers that are responsible for speech and finger movements are very close. By stimulating fine motor skills, we activate the areas responsible for speech. And, in addition, in the future, these skills will be required for the child to use movements to draw, write, dress, etc.

It is necessary to start work on the development of small muscles of the hands from a very early age. Already an infant can be massaged with fingers (finger gymnastics), thereby acting on the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. At an early and junior preschool age, you need to perform simple exercises, accompanied by a poetic text, do not forget about the development of basic self-service skills: buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, tying laces, etc.

And, of course, in older preschool age, work on the development of fine motor skills and hand coordination should become an important part of preparing for school, in particular, for writing.

Fine motor skills is one of the aspects of the motor sphere, which is directly related to the mastery of object actions, the development of productive activities, writing, and speech of the child. (M. M. Koltsova, N. N. Novikova, N. A. Bernshtein, V. N. Bekhterev, M. V. Antropova, N. A. Rokotova, E. K. Berezhnaya)... The formation of motor functions, including fine movements of the hands, occurs in the process of the child's interaction with the objective world around him. When we perform precise actions, the wrists, making the necessary movements in different planes, adjust the position of our hands. It is difficult for a small child to twist and rotate the wrist, so he replaces these movements with movements of the entire arm from the shoulder. In order for small movements to be more accurate and economical, so that they do not require excessive expenditure of energy from the child, he needs to gradually master the different movements of the wrist.

What exercises will help your child improve their skills?

1. Finger gymnastics.

"Finger games" is a dramatization of any rhymed stories, fairy tales with the help of fingers. Many games require the participation of both hands, which makes it possible for children to navigate in the concepts of "right", "left", "up", "down", etc. Children over 5 years old can decorate games with a variety of props - houses, cubes, small objects, etc. .d.

It is recommended to use exercises in which each finger is trained separately. (after all, in the cerebral cortex there is a separate projection area for each finger), movement is necessary for tension, relaxation, and stretching. Finger movements should be performed with optimal load and amplitude. Sluggish, careless training is ineffective.

It must be remembered that finger training is used as a means of increasing the tone of the cerebral cortex, and be careful when working with children with increased convulsive readiness. Finger training includes exercises: static (holding a certain pose given to the fingers), dynamic (development of mobility of the fingers, switching from one position to another) relaxing (normalizing muscle tone) and others. However, often ill-conceived artificial use of these exercises does not arouse children's interest in them and does not give a sufficient corrective effect. The effectiveness of classes, the interest of children in them can be increased if finger exercises are carried out while reading rhymes, fairy tales, stories to children, working with them on nursery rhymes, jokes, any speech material. While listening to it, children simultaneously, together with an adult, “stage” the content of the material being listened to with the help of finger movements and images of characters, their actions, etc. The children learned in such lessons further include finger movements in independent staging games, improving the motor skills of the fingers. For a versatile, harmonious development of the motor functions of the hand, it is necessary to train three types of components: compression, stretching, relaxation - following medical terminology - a combination of alternating contraction and relaxation of flexors - flexor muscles and extensors - extensor muscles.

For maximum effect, finger exercises should be constructed in such a way as to combine compression, stretching, relaxation of the hand, and also use isolated movements of each of the fingers.

The duration of finger training depends on the age of the children. (younger age up to three to four years), the recommended time is from 3 to 5 minutes, on average and senior preschool age - 10-15 minutes a day). Some of the exercises that used a tabletop are performed while sitting at the table. Thus, finger exercises, with their skillful inclusion in the context of various activities and household chores, can contribute to the development of elements of their motor behavior in children, conditioned by a game, everyday or educational situation.

2. Games with cereals, beads, buttons, small stones.

These games have an excellent tonic and healing effect. Children are invited to sort, guess with closed eyes, roll between thumb and forefinger, press down alternately with all fingers of both hands to the table, while trying to make rotational movements. You can teach your child to roll two walnuts or pebbles with the fingers of one hand, with the fingers of one hand, or between two palms with a hexagonal pencil. Various stringing perfectly develops the hand. You can string anything that is stringed: buttons, beads, horns and pasta, drying, etc. You can make beads from cardboard circles, squares, hearts, tree leaves, including dry, rowan berries. You can invite children to lay out letters, silhouettes of various objects from small objects: seeds, buttons, twigs, etc. All lessons using small objects should be under the strict supervision of adults!

3. Sand therapy.

The pliability of the sand provokes the desire to create a miniature of the real world out of it. The sand painting created by the child is a creative product. The main emphasis is placed on the child's creative self-expression, thanks to which, at the unconsciously symbolic level, there is a release of internal tension and a search for ways of development.

Find a large box, fill it halfway with washed and dried river sand. Show your child a toy that you will hide in this sand, and do it when he turns away. You can gradually increase the number of hidden toys.

Have your child model a sand projection. For example, according to the child's experience, ask him to depict a zoo, pets, a forest, etc. Let the child select the necessary materials and model the space.

Design and model a sandy projection with different landscapes (mountains, bodies of water, plains, etc.) based on lexical topics familiar to the child (e.g. wild animals)... Use pet figurines to build a projection. Invite your child to fix the picture. The child himself must choose the right animal figures and place them in their own landscapes.

Staging a fairy tale familiar to the child. The child independently chooses the props and builds the scenery. The tale can be played completely according to the plot, or a familiar plot is taken as a basis, and the child comes up with and plays out his ending of the tale.

4. Cutting with scissors.

Particular attention is paid to mastering the basic cutting techniques - cutting skills in a straight line, the ability to cut various shapes (rectangular, oval, round)... Achieving symmetrical shapes when folding accordion-folded paper (round dance) or diagonally (snowflakes), children must learn that they do not cut out the whole shape, but half of it. Before proceeding with cutting out the silhouette, you should think about where, from what angle, in which side of the sheet, to direct the scissors, that is, to plan the upcoming action. The game of cutting patterns from folded pieces of paper has a wonderful property: no matter how clumsily the child cuts out, you will still get a pattern that remotely resembles a snowflake or an asterisk.

5. Applications.

Children can make applique compositions from cut-out figures. For a start, it is more convenient to cut out geometric shapes and figures from colored magazines, and with an adhesive pencil, fix them on a sheet. If the child is still small, and you are afraid to give him scissors, let him tear pictures from a magazine or newspaper with his hands - how it will turn out; and you will stick the torn pieces on a clean sheet, giving them any shape. It can make a meaningful collage.

6. Working with paper. Origami. Weaving.

The development of precise movements and memory is helped by weaving rugs from paper strips, folding boats, paper animal figures.

The material for weaving can be willow twigs, straw, veneer, as well as paper, thin cardboard, fabric, braid, tape, etc. The child can be offered to fold a sheet of paper in half, make a number of even cuts with scissors without going beyond the contour, then cut thin strips of a different color and in a certain way, observing the pattern, weave them between the notches of the main part of the rug.

From paper and cardboard, you can make toys for playing with water and wind, Christmas tree decorations, attributes for role-playing games, dramatization games, fun toys, gifts and souvenirs. It is necessary to acquaint children with paper processing tools, show the techniques of folding and folding paper.

Currently, origami is gaining more and more popularity among educators and psychologists. And this is no coincidence. The developmental potential of origami is very high.

Origami topics are very diverse, going from simple to complex. To successfully learn how to make origami toys with children in a playful way, you need to learn the designations of the blanks (basic forms) and legend (there are many origami books on sale now)... In the future, this will facilitate the manufacture and reduce the time to complete the toy. To memorize and consolidate basic forms with children, you can use the following games and exercises: "Transform the square into another shape", "Guess what the square has become?", "Where is whose shadow?", "Name the correct shape", "Determine the basic shape " and etc.

In origami classes, it is effective to use fairy tales-clues, they develop interest, make it easier to make and memorize when performing toys, because mechanical tasks (draw a fold line, fold in half, fold the corner to the center) are replaced by action that is meaningful from the point of view of the plot and game design. Sheets of paper of different colors and ready-made origami books are used as equipment.

7. Modeling from plasticine, clay and salt dough.

You can make single parts or several at once and combine them into compositions. You can sculpt small details yourself, and the baby can assemble the finished composition.

We sculpt sausages, rings, balls; we cut the plasticine sausage with a plastic knife into many small pieces, and then we stick the pieces again. We make a cake or a coin from each small piece. (You can press down on the cake with a real coin or flat toy to get a print.)

We glue the jars, twigs, etc. with the obtained cakes. etc. Laying out a given pattern from plasticine with balls, sausages on plywood or a sheet of cardboard.

Plasticine gluing a glass bottle and shaping it into a vase, teapot, etc.

Modeling of geometric shapes, numbers, letters.

8. Lacing - why are they?

There are many different lace games on sale now. In general, they can be divided into several types. First, the lacing is storyline. The child is offered an “unfinished” picture (image of a hedgehog, a squirrel, a Christmas tree, a vase with a bouquet, a house), to which you need to lace up the missing details: mushrooms, fruits and nuts, Christmas toys, flowers, windows, etc. The second type of lacing: buttons, shoes, cylinders or any other made of wood or soft safe material, solid objects which have holes for the laces. They come with strings and instructions for creating artistic weaves on a toy base. Finally, the third type of lacing: fabric-made details of houses, books, etc., which are proposed to be connected with laces to form a single-piece soft toy or a soft subject "picture". Such is, for example, "Teremok" - a toy developed by M. Montessori, the ancestor of all modern children's toys with laces.

9. Drawing, coloring.

Coloring is one of the easiest activities. At the same time, it continues to be a means of developing coordinated actions of the visual and motor analyzers and strengthening the motor apparatus of the writing hand. It is necessary to teach children to paint accurately, without going beyond the contours of the depicted objects, evenly applying the desired color. In the process of drawing, children develop not only general ideas, creativity, the emotional attitude to reality deepens, but elementary graphic skills are formed, which are so necessary for the development of manual dexterity, mastering writing. Drawing, children learn to handle graphic material correctly and master various graphic techniques, they develop small arm muscles. You can draw with black and colored pencils, felt-tip pen, chalk, watercolors, gouache.

Drawing with different materials requires varying degrees of pressure in order to leave a mark on the paper from the writing object. This also contributes to the development of manual skill.

Of course, drawing contributes to the development of small muscles in the arm, strengthens it. But we must remember that when teaching drawing and writing, the positions of the hand, pencil, notebook are specific. (sheet of paper), methods of drawing lines.

It's good to use for a start:

outline strokes for flat shapes. You can circle anything: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a flat toy, etc. Molds for making cookies or muffins are especially suitable for this purpose;
drawing by control points;
finishing the second half of the drawing;
drawing according to the sample, without taking your hands off the paper.

You can also use various non-traditional techniques.

Monotype: paint of different colors is applied to a sheet of paper. Then another sheet is superimposed on the sheet, and the prints are given a certain shape with a brush, pencil, felt-tip pen.

Spray: the brush is dipped into the paint and then spray the paint onto a sheet of paper using your fingers or a pencil. Thus, the background of the picture can be created.

Blotography: paints are applied to a sheet of paper in any order. After drawing a drawing with a pencil or felt-tip pen, they betray some outline, create an image.

Tamponing: applying paints to paper using cotton swabs or sponges.

Suitable for creating backgrounds.

Freehand printing: If your child is extremely reluctant to paint with a brush, invite them to paint with their fingers. You can draw with one, two, or you can draw with all your fingers at the same time: each finger is dipped into a paint of a certain color, and then put on the paper in turn. This is how you get fireworks or beads, etc. It is best to finish the drawing with felt-tip pens or pencils. The hand can be painted with a brush and then printed on paper.

It is good for small children to use special "edible paints" (sold in stores)... You can come up with such paints yourself: jam, jam, mustard, ketchup, whipped cream, etc. can decorate your drawing or dish.

10. Graphic exercises.

In a kindergarten, children acquire graphic skills in the art classes, and small hand movements are developed in the process of design and when performing labor activities. But these classes are not enough, a well-thought-out system of special classes and exercises is needed to develop graphic skills in children, not only in kindergarten, but also at home.

Graphic activity contributes to better orientation in the two-dimensional space of a sheet of paper and prepares the child's hand for learning to write. It is important that graphic tasks have figurative and semantic significance. For this purpose, objects such as waves, rainbows, puffs of smoke, fish scales are selected for drawing. Here you can take a task for completing the missing details of flowers and objects, outlining patterns, shading and coloring contour images, pictures in albums for coloring. A gradual transition to work according to a given action pattern is envisaged, for example: "Draw waves, large and small, three large waves and three small ones." Then the work of drawing the ornaments and labyrinths becomes more difficult.

The child gains experience of graphic movements by performing various types of shading, drawing, copying drawings, tracing contours along dots and dashed lines, drawing ornaments in cells. At the same time, training is conducted in the correct methods of action: to draw a line from top to bottom and from left to right; hatch evenly, without gaps, without leaving the contour.

11. Shading.

Tasks with hatching are performed on unlined paper. Contributes to the preparation of the hand for writing. The child should try not to pull the pen off the paper or break the lines. The ability to freely draw smooth lines from left to right is important when shaping your handwriting. Hatching, as one of the easiest types of graphic activity, is introduced to a large extent for the assimilation of hygienic rules necessary for writing by children. Coloring drawings involves four types of shading, which provide gradual development and strengthening of small muscles of the hand, in the development of coordination of movement.

Shading types:

coloring with short frequent strokes;

coloring with small strokes with return;

centric shading (circular hatching from the center of the picture);

shading with long parallel lines.

Shading rules:

Only hatch in the specified direction.

Do not go beyond the contours of the figure.

Observe the parallelism of the lines.

Do not bring the strokes together, the distance between them should be 0.5 cm

When performing hatching, it is necessary to follow the rules: do not go beyond the contours of the figure, observe the parallelism of the lines and the distance between them (0.3 - 0.5 cm)... It is recommended to hatch first with short and frequent strokes, then enter a centric hatching, and only at the last stage hatching with long parallel lines is possible. At the first attempts at shading, the hand quickly gets tired, the children press hard on the pencil, there is no coordination of the fingers, but the work itself is exciting and the child returns to it himself. The figures show the improvement of the muscular apparatus. For shading, you can use plain and colored pencils, felt-tip pens and colored pens.

To develop the accuracy and confidence of hand movement, games are used in which children need to draw parallel lines in a certain direction:

Game "From house to house". The child's task is to connect houses of the same color and shape with precise straight lines. The child first draws a line with just a finger, choosing a direction, then with a felt-tip pen. Drawing lines, children accompany the actions with the words "From house to house."

The game "All kinds of labyrinths". Various labyrinths are drawn for the child. Let it "pass" over them with a pencil. So that the lesson does not get bored, it is best to explain what kind of labyrinth it is, where it leads, and who must pass through it. ("This labyrinth is in the Snow Queen's castle, it is made of ice. Gerda must walk along it without touching the walls, otherwise she will freeze.")

Outlining any of the "frames and Montessori" inserts is useful for developing the hand, it is equally useful to shade them. Each figure should be hatched at a different angle of inclination and with varying degrees of line density. It is good if the shading turns out to be of varying degrees of intensity: from pale, barely noticeable to dark.

Mesh hatching is also useful. In all cases, the child needs samples.

Drawing an ornament. Well develops motor dexterity drawing ornaments on sheets in a cage (graphic exercises) first with a simple pencil, then colored. You can perform such exercises from 5 to 6 years old. Children are interested in this kind of drawing. When the child's hand gets a little stronger, then the drawings in his performance become neater and more beautiful.

There is no need to force the child to draw ornaments. Try to get him interested in this activity. Be sure to show first how this is done.

In addition to working on the development of small muscles of the hands in the classroom, tasks for the development of fine motor skills can be included in household chores such as rewinding; tying and undoing ribbons, laces, knots on the rope; collecting cut pictures; fastening and unfastening of buttons, buttons, hooks; screwing and unscrewing lids, cans, bubbles; parsing croup (peas, buckwheat, rice) etc.

There are a lot of tasks and exercises aimed at developing fine motor skills. If you wish, especially if you connect fantasy and imagination, you can come up with them endlessly. And the main thing here is to take into account the individual characteristics of each child, his age, mood, desire and capabilities. Skillful fingers will not become immediately. Games and exercises, finger warm-ups, carried out systematically from an early age, help children to confidently hold a pencil and a pen, independently braid braids and lace up shoes, build from small parts of a designer, sculpt from clay and plasticine, etc. the fingers of the hands develop, then the child's speech and thinking will develop.

Today we will talk about the importance of the development of fine motor skills of the hands in the development of children's speech, we will get acquainted with games and exercises with which you can develop the fine motor skills of the hands of a child.

Recently, most modern children have a general motor lag and a lag in the development of fine finger movements. It turns out that the muscles of the fingers of the hands of children are often weak, they cannot accurately reproduce a given position, cannot hold it, not to mention the fact that most children find it difficult to master skills such as buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, zippers, etc. ...

Even 20 years ago, parents, and along with them and children, had to do more with their hands, sort out cereals, wash clothes, knit, embroider, etc. Now there is a car for each lesson. Even now parents buy shoes for children with Velcro, so as not to take the trouble of teaching the child to fasten them, to tie the laces.

A consequence of the poor development of general motor skills, and in particular of the hand, is the general unpreparedness of most children for writing or problems with speech development. Unfortunately, most parents find out about problems with coordination of movements and fine motor skills only before school. This turns into a forced load on the child: in addition to assimilating new information, you also have to learn to hold a pencil in your naughty fingers.

After all, how it happens. The child does not speak. The child speaks badly. Each family has a different attitude to this phenomenon. Some are already worried that the baby speaks only 2-3 words by the year. Others are calm, despite the fact that a three-year-old child cannot compose the simplest phrase, he speaks only a small number of everyday words. Such parents believe that over time, their child will catch up with their peers, and will speak on his own. And they are very mistaken. Most often, the delay in the development of speech has a heavy effect on the general development of the child, does not allow him to fully communicate and play with his peers, complicates the knowledge of the world around him, burdens the emotional and mental state of the child. However, if you help the child in time, constantly use all the methods of development, activation of speech, these serious problems can be successfully solved.

Why do you need to develop fine motor skills?

The development of a child's fine motor skills - fine movements of the hands of the fingers - is one of the indicators of the mental development of a preschooler.
A high level of development of fine motor skills indicates the functional maturity of the cerebral cortex and the psychological readiness of the child for school.
Fine motor skills are the basis for the development of mental processes; attention, memory, perception, thinking and speech, spatial representation.

With deficiencies in the development of fine motor skills of the hand, children:

Unable to draw a straight line (vertical, horizontal).
Experiencing difficulty in forming the correct trajectory of movements when performing a graphic element (numbers, geometric shapes).

3. There is no desire to draw, sculpt, engage in manual labor.

At school, writing is very slow.

Dear parents, children's health and their future are in your hands.

Hands are a delicate instrument, and they "tune" over time. The more the baby works with his fingers, the better the development of fine motor skills of the hands occurs and the earlier and better his speech develops, since in the cerebral cortex the motor and speech areas are close. Moreover, speech is actively formed under the influence of impulses coming from the fingers. So it turns out that the level and pace of development of the baby's speech directly depends on how developed the fine movements of children's fingers are.

Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands.

Modeling from clay and plasticine. It is very useful. If it's winter in the yard, what could be better than a snow woman or snowball games. And in the summer you can build a fairy-tale castle from sand or small stones.
Drawing or coloring pictures is a favorite pastime for preschoolers and a good exercise for developing fine motor skills of the hands.
Making paper crafts. For example, cutting out geometric shapes with scissors yourself, drawing up patterns, making appliqués.
Making crafts from natural materials: cones, acorns, straw and other available materials. These activities also develop the imagination, the fantasy of the child.
Construction. Develops imaginative thinking, imagination, fine motor skills of hands.
Fastening and unfastening buttons, buttons, hooks. A good workout for fingers, dexterity is improved and fine motor skills of the hands are developed.
Tying and undoing ribbons, laces, knots on the rope.
Twisting and unscrewing can lids, bubbles, etc. also improves fine motor development and dexterity in your baby's fingers.
Stringing beads and buttons. In summer, you can make beads from mountain ash, nuts, pumpkin seeds and cucumbers, small fruits, etc.
Weaving braids from threads, wreaths of flowers.

All kinds of handicrafts: for girls - knitting, embroidery, etc., for boys - chasing, burning, art sawing, etc. Teach your children everything that you can do yourself!

How to keep your child busy in the kitchen in order to have time to cook everything.

Groats on a platter. Place two or three types of cereals on a large flat plate. The child goes through, feels it, compares, and you tell where it comes from and what you can do with it (porridge, for example).
Cover a sheet (cardboard, plastic) with a thin layer of plasticine. Pour buckwheat, rice, peas into different plates for the baby and show how you can lay out patterns by pressing food into plasticine. 10 - 15 minutes of silence is guaranteed for you.
The most delicious games are to put together two or three varieties of raisins, nuts, different in shape, color and taste. And let him take them apart.
We take different jars and lids for them. The child must match the lids to the jars. It is desirable that the caps are of different sizes, then it is easier for the child to pick them up. Covers can be dressable, twist-on. These can be small plastic bottles, baby food jars, and others that you can find in your kitchen. By closing the lids, the child trains his fingers and the development of fine motor skills of the hands is improved.
Pour some juice from the berries onto a plate. Give your child some refined sugar cubes. Let the baby take turns dipping the pieces into the juice and watching the juice gradually rise up and color the sugar in a beautiful color.
Place two cups in front of your child. Pour cereals into one, and leave the other empty. Show your child how to spoon the grits in one cup and pour them into the other. When there is not enough cereal left in the first cup, show how to tilt the cup to collect all the cereal.
Give your baby ice cube trays, an eyedropper, and water. To make it more interesting, the water can be tinted with juice. Have the child draw liquid into a pipette and pour it into molds. This game is great for the development of fine motor skills of hands and concentration.
Sprinkle semolina or other cereal onto a flat dish or tray. Have the child draw on the rump with his finger, leaving different shapes. Show your kid how to draw the simplest shapes: squares, rhombuses, circles.
Give your baby a piece of dough. He will be happy to sculpt from it, while improving the development of fine motor skills of his fingers.
Educational game "Making beads". You will need pasta with a large gap and a long string. The task for the child: string the pasta on a string.

Remember that any learning process requires a lot of patience and work. Be wise, considerate, and loving parents. Do not neglect the passing time forever - use it rationally. After all, it is such happiness to watch how your child grows and develops! And take a direct part in this exciting process.

Educator MDOU № 4 Lukhmanova N.A.

Is it possible to work with a nursing baby or is it worth waiting until he grows up? The answer is unequivocal - it is possible and necessary.

Why do we need dexterous fingers? Perhaps every mother can easily answer this question. First, to cope with a variety of everyday tasks (zip up, unfasten buttons, tie shoelaces, eat with a spoon). Then in order to successfully master the writing of sticks and hooks in a notebook. And later, in order to skillfully hold any necessary tool in his hands and perform even the most delicate work. But it turns out that exercises for the development of fine motor skills are needed for a baby not only for this. Domestic physiologists, in particular V.M.Bekhterev, proved in their works that simple hand movements improve the pronunciation of many sounds, develop the child's speech. This is because the nerve endings on the fingers are directly connected to the speech center of the brain. But finger games don't only affect speech. They have a positive effect on the entire brain as a whole.

But there is another great benefit of finger play and exercise. They have a positive effect on the health of the child! Interestingly, in Japan, a special finger massage technique is used in preschool institutions. And this is no accident! The Japanese believe that massage of each finger stimulates and improves the work of a specific organ, improves health, and has an immunostimulating effect.

So how can we help our little one? How to make his hands and fingers more dexterous, skillful and trained? Let's look for ways!

1-3 months: first massage

Very soon the time will come when your son or daughter will touch the beads on toys with his fingers, fold puzzles and mosaics, sculpt from plasticine and dough, string beads, button up the buttons on his shirt on his own, tie the laces on sneakers, repeat after you all the movements of funny finger nursery rhymes and perform many other such simple and at the same time difficult actions for little fingers. But so far all this is inaccessible to the crumb. He was just born and knows little to do himself. But developing fingers is easy even in a newborn baby! To do this, we will do a simple finger massage to the baby.

You can massage your fingers at any suitable time: when you play with your baby, when you change your clothes, you bathe. And the most convenient way to do massage is while breastfeeding. Everything is very simple here: gently stroke each finger of the child, running your fingers along it in the direction from the palm to the ends. Then gently knead your fingers, paying special attention to their tips. You can bend and unbend the fingers of the crumbs, stroke, knead in circular motions and tickle the palm and the whole brush. The baby's fists are still tightly clenched. Open them carefully by straightening your fingers. The main thing is that such a massage does not cause negative emotions in the baby. You can stretch your fingers several times a day for 2-3 minutes.

3-5 months: first games

At the age of about three months, an important and interesting event occurs in the baby's life: he begins to notice his pens, and a little later he will actively use them! Such progress, of course, must be used by offering the baby the very first games and toys that will make his fingers more dexterous.

Useful toys. Choose lightweight rattles in bright colors for your toddler. When the baby is in a good mood, put the rattle in his right or left handles. Even if the crumb only holds it for a few seconds, and then drops it, it's okay. He's just learning! Gradually, the rattle will linger in the small fist longer and longer, the baby will examine it, shake it, rattle, try to put it in its mouth. These very first rattle games are very important for the development of baby's motor skills.

Try to select toys so that they are different in volume. Then, every time, playing with them, the baby will train different types of gripping: one toy needs to be grasped with a palm, the other - taken only with two or three fingers. Different shapes of toys are also important, because to hold each of them, you need to open your fingers and turn the brush in different ways. And different materials from which toys are made and various surface textures will also add variety. Playing with them will become an additional massage for small fingers, they will develop both motor skills and tactile sensitivity.

Make a homemade toy for your baby that he will be happy to play for many months. On strong laces of different lengths, string large buttons, beads, empty wooden spools, knuckles from old accounts, toys made of chocolate eggs (holes must first be drilled into them), etc. so that the whole thing can move easily. Tie the ends of the laces. For safety reasons, you need to fasten the ends very securely so that the baby cannot untie or break the lace. In addition, the resulting "beads" should not be too long so that the child cannot put them on the neck. Such beads can be given to the baby in the arms, hung in the crib and stroller. Fingering different objects with your fingers, the baby will develop motor skills and massage the fingers.

Hand games. At about the same age, you can start playing with your baby in the first games with pens and fingers. Try in every possible way to stimulate the baby's desire to reach for toys, various objects, your face. To do this, bend down so that the baby can reach your face and touch it. Take the baby by the handles and bring it to your face, put your palms on your cheeks. Hang toys in the crib so that the baby can reach out and take them. Put a bright sock or a large bright elastic band on one of the baby's arms. Noticing an unusual object, the baby will try to reach it with his free hand. And grabbing one handle with the other is a very useful skill. Next time, slide the sock over the other handle. And then the time will come for the legs, let the baby try to catch them with the hands. At first, help the baby by pulling the legs to the handles so that he can grab them. In this case, you can sentence the nursery rhyme:

Legs, legs, where have you been?
- We went to visit grandma!
Hey you pens! Good luck, good luck!
Try to catch us!

The baby's arms are still clenched into fists. To help your fingers relax and straighten faster, continue to massage and play simple finger games with your baby. Tell a rhyme and unbend your fingers one by one:

A squirrel is sitting on a cart
She sells nuts:
Little fox sister,
Sparrow, titmouse,
To the fat-headed bear,
Zayinka mustache ...

5-7 months: we continue to develop!

The baby's fingers are already quite developed. Perhaps he even manages to press the buttons, or he is about to learn it ...

Useful toys. For the development of hands, children of this age need toys with a large number of all kinds of rings or large beads that can be fingered with their fingers (rings connected together, rods with rings, etc.). You can please your kid with a whole play center, where there will be many useful finger development tools. Let him feel the details of the toy, move the rings, beads, grab the protruding handles ...

Be sure to offer the baby toys with buttons and keys: developmental panels, a children's piano, etc. Lay the baby on his tummy with a toy in front of him. Press the buttons so that the baby listens to sounds. Then it will try the path itself. At first, he will simply clap his palm on the buttons. Take his finger, press a button or key, and then admire the result: “Well done! Happened!" Gradually, the baby will learn to press the buttons on its own. This will not only entertain him, but will also strengthen his fingers.

You can make toys for developing motor skills and tactile sensitivity yourself. For example, sew several bags from fabrics of different textures and fill them with different fillers (semolina, peas, pasta, buckwheat, etc.). These bags can be hung in the baby's crib or simply given to the baby from time to time in the arms so that he crumples and feels them. You can additionally sew large buttons and beads, empty wooden spools, rosary details, etc. to the bags. It will be interesting for the kid to grab them with his fingers and pull. The main condition: the bags must be securely sewn up, and the buttons must be tightly sewn so that loose small parts do not fall into the baby's hands and then into the mouth.

Finger games. When playing with your baby, be sure to pay attention to finger games. While the baby is small, he will not be able to perform movements on his own. But for him, mom will do it just fine. There are many folk and original finger games. But for now, choose the simplest and shortest of them so that they do not have time to bother the baby. Tell the rhyme clearly, rhythmically and cheerfully and bend and unbend the baby's fingers, trying to evoke an emotional response from the little player.

- Finger-boy, where have you been?
- I went to the forest with this brother.
I cooked cabbage soup with this brother.
With this brother - I ate porridge.
I sang songs with this brother!
This mouse is sitting in a mink,
This mouse is running in the field,
This mouse counts ears
This mouse collects grain,
This little mouse shouts: “Hurray!
Everyone get together, it's time for dinner! "

Another useful exercise for this age is “brushing”. Lift the baby's arms one at a time and run it back and forth over the head, as if the baby were combing his own hair. Exercise strengthens the muscles in the palms and fingers.

7-9 months: grabbing fingers

"Stepping over" in the second half of the year noticeably changes the behavior of the baby. If earlier the baby liked "talking" with his mother more, now his favorite pastime is to grab everything that comes to hand, be it mother's hair or various objects within reach. In addition, the baby already knows how to act with both hands at the same time. These features of the crumbs must be actively used, offering him a variety of toys and non-hazardous household items for play: a comb, boxes, food bowls, lids, clothespins, foam sponges, plastic bottles, etc. Let him grab them, feel them, squeeze them, study them with your fingers.

Useful toys. From about this age, the first pyramid should appear in the baby's toy arsenal. This is a wonderful toy that develops the baby's thinking, and his motor skills, and coordination of movements. But in order for the pyramid to benefit the baby, choose it correctly. The toy should be large, with a thick shaft and large, easy-to-put rings. The kid will be able to cope with such a toy, and, therefore, it will not bore him after half a minute of playing. Toys and play centers where you need to grab, move, rotate, press, touch something are still relevant. For example, a game labyrinth in which colored balls move along curved wires.

Be sure to purchase a few rubber squeaker toys for your baby. For them to make sounds, they need to be squeezed well in your hand. And this is a completely new movement that will strengthen the fingers and the hand. Such a baby expander turns out to be! Toys should not be too "hard", otherwise the baby will not be able to cope with them and will quickly lose interest. The first constructors and cubes consisting of several large parts will come in handy. Have your toddler try to grip the parts with his hand and, under your guidance, stack them one on top of the other.

Finger games. The kid grows up, and finger games begin to give him more and more pleasure. If you haven’t played Crow Magpie with your baby yet, it’s time to give it a try. Despite the seeming simplicity, this is a very useful game for the kid. But for the effect to be more effective, you should not just bend your fingers, but massage them lightly, starting with the little finger and ending with the thumb. We will also "cook" porridge on the palm of your hand quite intensively, kneading your palm in a circular motion. Remember to alternate between right and left sticks. Closer to the year, the baby will learn to perform some of the movements on his own. For example, "cook" porridge with your finger. Everyone probably knows the nursery rhyme about forty. And here is a similar rhyme for a change with the same movements:

Our Masha
Cooked porridge, (we run our finger on the palm)
I cooked porridge
The kids were fed: (bend fingers in turn)
I gave this,
I gave this,
I gave this,
I gave this,
But she didn’t give it to him.
He was naughty a lot.
He broke his plate.

Here is another finger nursery rhyme that you can offer your baby. Squeeze its handle into a cam. While pronouncing the rhyme, unclench your fingers one at a time, and at the end again hide them in a fist.

One, two, three, four, five,
The bunnies went out for a walk.
One, two, three, four, five,
They hid in the house again.

Fun fun. You can develop motor skills even while swimming. Throw small toys and objects (spoons, kinder surprise toys, shells, large pebbles, etc.) on the bottom of the bathroom. Toys that float on the surface are also suitable. They will certainly interest the kid, and he will want to get them. To grab small items, he will have to especially try. After all, grabbing them with your whole palm is not very convenient, it is better to take them with your fingers. This means that the fingers will be able to practice new movements. Show the baby that the caught items can be put in a plastic bowl floating on the water. Teach your toddler to spank open palms on the surface of the water. Of course, this will cause a lot of splashes, but it will massage your palms well, which is very useful.

9-12 months: we can do a lot!

Closer to the year, the baby's skills and thinking are developing with such impetuosity that literally every day a little clever girl presents us with something new. Expand the range of educational toys, offer new games to your baby. This will bring invaluable benefits to its development.

Useful toys. The little fingers are becoming more and more dexterous, just a little more - and they will learn to open a variety of boxes. We need to help them with this! To do this, add to the baby's toy arsenal all sorts of toys that are associated with opening and are inserted one into one. For example, a large nesting doll with a whole team of smaller nesting dolls hiding inside. And also a set of plastic caps that can be inserted into one another or build a high tower out of them. If you have a selection of different sized food pans, they make a great toy too. Let the baby insert them one into the other, trying to remove the covers from them (he will learn how to put on the covers a little later). In order to stimulate the child's desire to remove the lids from the vessels, place a small toy in each. Give the baby a bottle with a screw cap, a jar of cream (for interest, you can also put something there in front of the baby's eyes, for example, a cookie) - and let him train in unscrewing and twisting. Several cloth handkerchiefs of different sizes will be no less useful. You can perform a variety of manipulations with them: pick up, cover yourself, your mother, or "hide" a toy, wrap a little doll or car.

At this age, it is already possible to offer the baby large insert frames and all sorts of sorters, where you need to push different parts into the corresponding holes. The choice of such toys is huge.

Finger games. Keep playing your kid's favorite finger games and add new ones of course. For example, about cabbage. If you train actively, closer to the year the baby will learn to perform all the movements on his own.

We chop-chop the cabbage, (alternately we hit the edges of our palms on the surface of the table),
We salt-salt the cabbage, ("salt" with small pinches of the left and right hand)
We are three or three cabbage, (we rub our palms),
We squeeze-squeeze cabbage (squeeze-unclench our left and right hands into fists)

Fun fun. While bathing, run all kinds of containers into the bath: plastic cups, bowls, bottles, spoons. Show your baby how to pour water from one glass to another, how to pour liquid from a small bottle. It doesn’t matter if the water stream doesn’t immediately hit its destination. Everything requires training. Give your child a toothbrush and have him run his finger over the bristles. Help him massage each finger in turn.

Useful ideas

There are many activities you can think of to develop your toddler's motor skills without even using expensive, store-bought toys. For example, give crumbs a few sheets of white paper. Let them crumple the paper in their hands, unfold it and crush it again. For the same purpose, a pack of paper napkins is suitable. It's so much fun to tear them apart! And at the same time exercise your fingers. Just do not give your baby magazines and newspapers to be torn apart. If you don't follow it, the paper can get into your mouth. Let it be just white, no ink.

Show your kid how you can throw a variety of small objects into a five-liter plastic bottle: clothespins, small toys, candy wrappers and other pieces of paper, various rags, felt-tip pen caps and felt-tip pens themselves, pebbles, chestnuts ... In a word, everything that fits into the neck. This is a simple but very useful exercise for toddler's fingers. Just do not give the baby too small objects (beans, buttons, beads) and be sure to be nearby during the game!

Now, inspired by these simple ideas, you can certainly come up with many of your own games for training your son or daughter's fingers. Let these games be both fun and useful!

“To make your child speak faster, develop fine motor skills” - pediatricians and psychologists tell parents. Why then development of fine motor skills children's fingers is so important? And what does it have to do with the formation of speech? Why are children who are in no hurry to please dads and mothers with the first words, are recommended to develop finger activity? This article is about how to give an impetus to the development of the baby's speech with the help of exercises for children's hands.

Why develop fine motor skills?

Why develop fine motor skills? How to determine how well developed the motor skills of the hands of the crumbs? Are there any norms that need to be guided by when assessing the abilities of the baby?

As a rule, among the symptoms of poorly developed fine motor skills of the hands of a two to three year old child, the following are named:

Uncertainly and incorrectly holds a spoon.
With difficulty collects cubes, mosaic details, constructor sets.
Cannot tie a knot, make an applique, button or unfasten buttons.

Fine motor skills are precise, coordinated fine movements of the hands and fingers of the hands and feet. The consistency of these movements is achieved through the coordinated work of the visual, muscular, nervous and skeletal systems. Those. if a child likes to play with small objects, while demonstrating precise movements of fingers and hands, then this is a good indicator of the development of his sensory skills. And since the motor and articulatory centers are located nearby in the brain, the influence of motor skills on the formation of speech is obvious: the more actively the baby "works" with his fingers, playing, drawing, tying, buttoning, etc., the faster he will speak.

This pattern was identified in antiquity, and therefore finger games were very popular in China and Japan. And Soviet scientists V.M. Bekhterev, V.A. Antakova-Fomina, V.A. Sukhomlinsky and others, who studied the relationship between motor impulses of fingers and brain activity, came to the conclusion that various meaningful finger movements stimulate the intellectual development of the baby, and also contribute to the formation of speech, the development of observation, memory, coordination, attention and creative thinking.

How to develop hand motor skills?

The following exercises are best for developing the fine, precise finger and hand movements of children:

modeling small parts from plasticine or dough;
buttoning and unbuttoning;
stringing beads on a string, as well as tying and undoing knots;
playing with cereals, beans or split peas;
drawing, including finger paints;
playing musical instruments;
various massages, stroking, rubbing of children's hands.

The main thing in classes with a baby is systematicity, regularity and benevolence. These measures, aimed at correcting speech and improving motor functions, can be carried out by parents on their own, without resorting to the help of specialists. All exercises and gymnastics for the development of fine motor skills of children at home should be carried out in the form of a game - then the child will enjoy it.

Development of fine motor skills up to a year

It is possible to develop the finger activity of the crumbs from about three months, when your baby has already learned to hold objects in the pens. To do this, you do not need to show special ingenuity: just put toys different in shape, size and material in his palm, naming their properties: the ball is round and green, the bunny's ears are long, the bear is fluffy, etc. In addition, you can clamp balls in the child's handles and roll them, thus massaging the palms. You can also gently stroke and knead each finger separately for two minutes - this massage will also benefit the baby. In addition, the well-known nursery rhymes "Forty-magpie" and "Ladushki-Ladushki" also serve as a training for hand motor skills.

Development of fine motor skills from one to three years

Since the baby's movements during this period are already quite meaningful and coordinated, then the training of hands and fingers should be complicated. The crumb should be offered to knead the pens with the help of rubber toys, crumple and tear paper, sort out cereals or small beads. After two years, you can move on to more complex exercises: lacing; tying and undoing knots on ribbons and strings; buttoning and unbuttoning; twisting and unscrewing the lids on the jars.

To avoid unpleasant situations, children under the age of three should only play with small objects under adult supervision.

In addition, it is advisable to collect mosaics from a crumb and constructors, consisting of large parts, as well as to sculpt from plasticine, clay, dough.

Toys and exercises for the development of fine motor skills

There are many different toys currently on offer that are specifically aimed at developing the motor functions of the hands and fingers. For babies and children under one year old, rattles made of various materials: plastic, fabric and wood, as well as developing rugs and complexes will become interesting. By the way, a complex for training fingers in the form of a board (business board) can be made by yourself. Various objects are attached to the surface of the smooth board: multi-colored strips, buttons, levers, switches, elastic bands, laces, strings, buttons, chains, discs, etc. - in general, everything that can interest the baby and induce him to twist these objects, click, touch. Such developmental centers introduce the baby to new sounds, shapes, materials and provide an excellent stimulus for development.

After a year and until approximately until they reach the age of three, the kid will enthusiastically play with cubes, assemble constructors with large parts, including soft and magnetic ones. Also, mosaics with a small number of puzzles, and lacing, and serpentine mazes, and plasticine will be used - in general, it is worth offering the baby everything that stimulates the motor activity of the fingers and the general development of intelligence.

In addition, you can train your motor skills with the help of cereals and beans: a small toy is placed on the bottom of the bowl and covered with split peas, beans or cereals (rice, buckwheat, barley). Children, as a rule, are happy to touch it with their fingers in search of buried "treasure" and rejoice at the found thing.

Playing with buttons, different in size, shape, color, material, is also an excellent exercise for the development of fine motor skills. To begin with, you can invite your child to simply immerse the pens in a container with buttons and wiggle their fingers, fingering them. Then, without removing your hands, try to "rub" the buttons in your palms, and then - pour them from one palm to another. Gradually, you can complicate the tasks: lay out patterns or drawing along the contour with buttons; distribute them by color, material, number of holes, etc. In this case, it is necessary to comment on your actions and describe the properties of objects: “Let's collect all the yellow buttons. Look, this one is big and this one is small. This one is red, and we need yellow ones. Let's count how many buttons we have collected? "

Beads, especially long ones, will also help develop finger sensitivity. You can simply sort out the beads, naming their properties: round, large, cold, smooth, white; you can practice counting; you can lay out the outline of an object (for example, a snake) from beads and ask to guess what you got. By the way, individual beads, like buttons, can be strung on a string - this will also be an excellent exercise for developing coordination of movements.

Serpentine labyrinths - toys for the development of finger grips. They are several wires, reinforced on the base, along which parts of various shapes and colors must be moved. Having fun with such a toy, you can learn the names of geometric shapes (cube, ring) and flowers.

Playing with familiar items such as clothespins is great for developing fine motor skills. Draw a circle on cardboard, paint in yellow and cut out - this is the sun. Ask the child what is missing? The correct answer is that the sun does not have enough rays. Here clothespins will come to the rescue: the baby must try to attach five or six "rays" to the sun on its own.

Currently, the so-called “finger steps” have become very popular among parents and it is not surprising: they perfectly develop coordination and motor functions of the hands. These are exercises for the fingers of a child, which must be performed either with each hand separately, or with two at the same time. Such classes require concentration and attentiveness, therefore, they are recommended for children from three years of age and older. Manuals describing such exercises can be found on the market, or you can do it yourself.

Even simple sandbox games can help your little one develop fine motor skills. Grabbing and pouring sand, the child trains the tactile sensitivity of the fingers, and trying to wield a spatula, pour sand into a bucket and make his first Easter cake, he develops coordination of movements. Teach your baby to build castles, houses, bridges using the materials at hand: sand, sticks, pebbles, leaves and grass - this way you will give an impetus to his creative development.

Well, and perhaps the best gymnastics for a kid's fingers is modeling. It doesn't matter what you decide to sculpt from: plasticine, clay or salt dough (testoplasty) - working with any material gives an excellent incentive for the development of the baby, since all the active points on the child's arms associated with the brain are involved in sculpting. In addition, creating crafts, the baby reveals his creative potential: he turns on his fantasy at full power, comes up with, reflects on the go, often commenting on his actions aloud. In the process of sculpting, he learns to calculate the force of pressing his fingers, to feel the material with which he is working.

For the first lessons, you should take salted dough - this is the softest and most pleasant material. Later, you can teach your baby to play dough (pre-mashed to a very soft state) and clay.

The development of fine motor skills of the hands with non-traditional drawing is a rather effective method. It includes drawing with fingers, palms, foam rubber (instead of a brush), chalk, as well as splashing - spraying paint, typed on a brush, on a sheet of paper. In addition, in non-traditional drawing, blotography is practiced - a method in which you need to blow through a tube onto a puddle of paint without touching it. Non-traditional drawing methods include both the use of a stencil and drawing on wet paper. In this case, you can draw pictures yourself, or you can buy ready-made coloring pages for the development of hand motor skills.

Hand massage

Exercises should be interspersed with finger massage. It is good if the massage sessions are not carried out in complete silence, but under funny short poems or nursery rhymes.

At the age of six months to a year, one should be limited to gentle stroking of the fingers and palms of the crumbs. You can also easily massage each finger in the direction from the nail to its base, but do not overdo it: the massage of both handles should not exceed two to three minutes.

When the baby is one year old, the massage can be diversified. The following should be added to the above movements: massage the baby's fingertips with light pressure; then, in a circular motion with your index finger, slide over his palms. Ask your child to place their hands on their knees, palms up, and then brush over them with massage brushes.

Use spiky rubber balls: they will not only help you develop motor skills, but also turn massage into a game. Run the ball along the baby's arms and legs (“look, the hedgehog ran”), invite the baby to roll it in your palms, squeeze it hard in each hand in turn (“remember the hedgehog's side”), touch each “needle” of the hedgehog, stroke it. And at the end of the massage session, roll the ball along the back, neck, tummy, heels of the child.

The development of fine motor skills is useful at any age, so you should not stop practicing when your baby reaches, for example, five or seven years old. Hand and finger training in preschool and later school age will have a positive effect on your child's academic performance and overall development, so just pick an activity that suits your age and difficulty level and keep exercising.

The growing up and growth of children is a very peculiar process, which is distinguished by many subtleties and nuances. And every person who is a parent must certainly take direct part in the development of his child. And by this it means not only, as they say, teaching the mind-mind, going to kindergarten and school, as well as providing the child with everything necessary for a normal life, but also more subtle actions. One of these is the development of fine motor skills.

What is fine motor skills?

Physiologists refer to the expression "fine motor skills" as the movement of small muscles in the hands. But here it is very important to keep in mind the hand-eye coordination, because the development of small hand movements is carried out with the help of sight.

Why do you need to develop fine motor skills?

The question of why you need to develop fine motor skills is very relevant, because many do not understand why this is necessary at all.

To begin with, it is worth noting that, in general, hand motor skills are most directly developed with the development of speech. And this is far from a myth, as it might seem at first glance. Scientists' studies have shown that from the point of view of anatomy, about a third of the entire area of the motor projection of the cerebral cortex is occupied by the projection of the hands, which is very close to the speech area.

With this in mind, it was suggested that fine finger movements have a formative and developmental effect on the child's speech function. For this reason, if you want to teach your child to speak, you should engage not only in training his articulatory apparatus, but also in every possible way to develop fine motor skills, namely, the movement of the fingers.

But there is one more thing that must be mentioned: fine motor skills of the hands develop not only speech. In addition, it interacts with thinking, motor and, observation, coordination and attention.

It is also necessary to develop fine motor skills for the reason that the whole future life of a still small person will require him to use coordinated and precise movements of his hands and fingers. Take, for example, completely elementary actions: fastening and unfastening buttons and locks, tying laces, putting on and taking off clothes, drawing and writing, working with a computer, and much more. It would seem simple, but a person will not be able to perform any of this properly if his fine motor skills are not developed.

But when should you start developing fine motor skills?

When to start developing fine motor skills?

Experts recommend starting the development of fine motor skills in children at the age of eight months. It is during this period that the fingers will already succumb to active training. You can, of course, start developing fine motor skills earlier, inviting the baby to play with objects of different textures, shapes and sizes, as well as with special toys, which, by the way, are easily made from what is at home, but not the fact that there will be result. So, eight months is the most optimal period.

And the next quite logical question will be: "What are the ways to develop fine motor skills?" This is what we will answer below.

By and large, the choice of means for the development of fine motor skills is quite diverse. Moreover, the more methods you use, the more effective and complete the classes will be, and the result will be more tangible.

So, let's look at the most common and popular ways to develop fine motor skills.

Games with small stones, buttons, beads and cereals

Games with small stones, buttons, beads and cereals have an excellent developmental, healing and tonic effect on the child's body. However, they should always be carried out under the supervision of an adult so that the child does not accidentally injure himself or eat any of the above items.

These games include:

Drawings from cereals. A piece of cardboard is taken, and the child draws any image on it, for example, the sun. Then you need to take the safest glue and apply it along the contour of the drawing, and the child must put on these lines, for example, peas, beans or buckwheat. This game serves as an excellent training for the muscles of the hands and fingers.
Forceps Exercise. You need to give the child tongs and ask him to put it in a bottle with a narrow neck, beads, peas, etc.
Exercise with tweezers. The child is given tweezers, and with their help he transfers from one container to another and sorts small toys or the same cereals. In addition, it is very effective if the kid will transfer small toys or cereals with tweezers into some kind of figured container, for example, in a mold for ice or baking cakes.
Sort small items by size, shape and color. Have your child sort the cereals, buttons, or beads by color, size, or shape.

Finger games

Finger games are a kind of dramatization of some stories, most often rhymed, using fingers. You can start playing such games even up to one year, and then continue, slightly complicating the movements of your fingers. You can play until the end of primary school age.

Most of these games involve the use of two hands, thanks to which children begin to understand what is "down", "up", "left", "right", etc. To obtain the greatest effect, these finger exercises must be structured in such a way that tension, relaxation, squeezing and unclenching of the hands alternately change, as well as isolated movements of all fingers are involved.

Modeling from clay, plasticine or salt dough

Today it is a well-known fact that working with such "materials" as clay, plasticine and salt dough perfectly develops fine motor skills, and also has a wonderful effect on the imagination.

What you can do:

To glue glass bottles with plasticine and shape them into teapots, vases, jugs, etc.
Spread out of plasticine in the form of balls, sausages on cardboard or plywood, specific specified drawings
Make prints on clay, dough or plasticine by pressing on them with your fingers, toys, coins, buttons, etc.
Sculpt balls, rings, sausages, then cut into separate pieces, and then put them together again (you can shape individual pieces)
Make several different parts and compose a composition from them (you can prepare the elements yourself, and only after that give them to the child for work)

Exercises with the use of additional items

In addition to the fact that exercises with the use of additional objects are very fun and entertaining, they are excellent for the development of spatial imagination.

Among these games stand out:

Mosaic. For a start, it will be enough that the kid will simply insert the mosaic elements into the base. Subsequently, a specific image or shape should be set for the child to lay out. The ideal option would be a mosaic with different hats.
Accounts. Give the child the task of shifting the counting rings from one edge to the other. To develop counting skills, you can also move the rings in order.
Threads. This refers to the usual winding and unwinding of threads on various objects. You can, for example, pre-select figures of any animals, and the child will wrap them with threads, giving color. These figures can also be used for games.
Paper clips. To play this game, you need ordinary colored paper clips and several sheets of colored paper. The task is to collect leaves of the same color in a small bundle, and then fasten them with the same paper clip.
Bolts and nuts. Nothing fancy is required - just large bolts and nuts. And the meaning of the game is even simpler - screw the nuts on the bolts.
Clothespins. Clothespins are taken and cling to a rope, cardboard or any other base. The task can also be complicated: some identification marks are glued to the base and clothespins, for example, colored cards or letters, and the child clings clothespins to the corresponding bases.

In fact, this list of fine motor games is not exhaustive. For this purpose, you can find some other games or come up with your own. Remember that anything is suitable for developing motor skills: water, sand, laces, wire, paper, etc. etc.

And one more thing: developing fine motor skills is useful not only for children, but also for adults, so even if you do not have children, go to the store for plasticine, and, we assure you, the evening will be well spent.