DIY Russian doll made of fabric. Folk dolls: types, history. Russian folk doll

There is a special doll for killing mold in barrels of pickled cucumbers - Akila Borage. His head is full of mustard seeds and therefore heavier than the body. Aquila floats in brine upside down, and mustard does not allow mold to grow.

For Akila, you need undyed fabrics and threads made from natural fibers.

Lady

The lady doll belongs to the so-called "rolled" dolls, that is, made without sewing with a needle.

For older children, they made rag dolls, which were called "Ladies". First, they made the torso (without sewing with a needle), covered it with a white cloth and tied it in three places, then they took a long flap, covered part of the torso with it, tied it up, separating the head. The remnants of the fabric on the sides were cut into three parts and braided - these were the hands. A skirt and an apron were put on the doll, a kerchief was tied on her head (tied at the back). "

Bereginya, Stolbushka

Taking care of the family hearth. Since ancient times, it was believed that the house is kept from the evil eye by a column. This is a rag doll without eyes and ears. She sees and does not hear anything, it was believed that by acquiring facial features, such a doll gains independence and loses its magical and protective properties.

The Bereginya doll was of particular importance.
Bereginya - from the word "protect", "amulet". This doll is traditionally placed in front of the front door, above the head of people, so that it meets everyone entering and does not let evil forces into the house, protects the family from dark forces, quarrels, and diseases.

Despite the simplicity of the technology for making traditional dolls, they all turn out to be different, with their own character, so you need to choose from several dolls, which one "catches the eye", the one that attracted attention, and take the one, because she herself chooses her owner.

A sincere gift is a wish for good, joy, comfort, prosperity, happiness.

Berestushka

This is a doll-amulet with a prayer (spell) in a female form for the house. It is stored near the window or by the door behind the platbands.

Birch

Birch is a tree that was worshiped and used in all kinds of rituals that ensure a happy life. For fortune telling, they made a Birch doll from a birch forest, a symbol of a birch. This is a doll of one day, it was used to guess. In the morning they did it, in the evening they took it apart and left it on the birch.

Several girls made a doll together, they wondered on it. The doll was beautifully dressed up, decorated with birch branches, grass with inflorescences.

Insomnia

This is a magical lullaby .. When the baby began to cry for no apparent reason, the mother, in order to calm him down and protect him from evil spirits, quickly rolled up the amulet doll and put it in the cradle, saying:

Sleepiness-insomnia,
Don't play with my child
Play with this doll.

The Insomnia doll was created from square pieces of cloth and stuffed with soothing herb.

Such a doll remained in the house forever.

Grace

The doll of Grace - the Blessing Giver is made as a gift for Christmas or for the feast of the Annunciation on April 7th. You can do it just like that, as a sign of Gratitude. Then Gratitude will return to you with the good news. "Give first, then ask."

Give with the words "Never be discouraged and do not give up."

The doll of Grace brings good news, goodness to the house and reminds a woman of her main task of Giving Goodness. For this she has a large soft breast.

The woman takes power from the sky, so her hands are raised up and form a funnel. It seems that now ... it will start spinning.

The doll is made on a birch or mountain ash spear. Both trees are protective.

The doll was made bright, cheerful, joyful.

Rich

This pair of Zernovushki comes from the Moscow region. The rich man is a protective doll. When it was created, they thought about their family, ancestors and set a specific task: profit and prosperity for the next year, protecting the well-being of the family, etc.

They made a doll on the eve of the Autumn harvest festival, the holiday of Rod and family, timed to coincide with the equinox on September 22.

God's eye

The most ancient protective doll of our ancestors. The eye of God is only indirectly connected with a person, therefore it is called a doll rather conditionally.
At its core, the eye of God has a cross - a very ancient symbol. In this case, he personifies the spread of protective forces to the entire space - to all four sides. These are also four helper elements: Fire, Air, Water, Earth. The number of multi-colored stripes is the forces called for help, as well as a symbolic designation of generations of the clan stored in the memory of the family. For example, if you have knowledge of who your great-great-grandfather was, then there may be four colored stripes on your home God's eye.

The eye of God is placed above the front door to a house, a room, above a child's bed, in a place that is clearly visible to a person entering. The bright and unexpected image of the amulet attracts the attention of the incoming person, who forgets about the bad intention towards the owners of the house.

When creating the Eye of God, it is necessary to be guided first of all by one's own desire, because a person intuitively feels what kind of support he needs and the amulet through the strengthening of a certain color gives him this.

White- associated with light, purity, truth

Red- fire, sun as heavenly fire, blood (life force)

Green- life, nature.

Black- Earth

Gold- Sun

Blue- the color of the sky, water.

Purple- the color of higher spiritual abilities, enlightenment and reason.

Broom of well-being

This doll was made on Christmas Eve. To make it, you need a bast (bast), pieces of fabric, threads, braid and various cereals (the more types of cereals, the more prosperous the coming year will be). This cereal was poured in the red corner for the night, it was believed that in the morning it would acquire healing power. In the morning, the cereals were collected in bundles (each separately), there should be an odd number, and hung on the doll.

We kept Venichyk well-being away from the eyes of strangers, and only the hostess knew where he was. They took care of cereals in bundles in case of emergency, if someone from the family got seriously ill, then these grains were added to his food. And since this is Venichek, the hostess could secretly “sweep” everything bad out of the house with them.

Vepsian doll Cabbage , or Karelian rvanka

Vepsians are a small ethnic group living on the territory of Karelia, the Leningrad and Vologda regions, which has preserved its traditions and rituals, many of which are similar to those of the North Russian.

This doll belongs to their ancient culture. This doll is interesting because it is both protective and playful. It was made from old mother's things and was small in size - just under a child's hand. The doll was intended to ward off spoilage and to play, accompanying the child as long as it was not torn or spoiled. Before the birth of the baby, in order to "warm the cradle", this doll was placed in it. And then the doll hung over the cradle and guarded the baby, symbolizing a nursing mother who does not run out of milk, protecting her from hunger. When the child grew up, he played with her. But this is not all the role of the doll, the image was multifaceted.

No wonder they say that children are found in cabbage. For example, girls made a Vepsian doll when they understood that it was time for them to get married, and put it on the window so that the guys knew that it was time to get married. Another Vepsian doll personifies the image of a married woman, a wet nurse. Her large breasts indicate that she can feed everyone.

The doll is a good talisman and amulet for both children and adult girls and married women. She is destined for the role of a home Beregini, who, imbued with the energy of positive events and existing in the emotional field of the family, gives confidence, balance, and a sense of security to the entire space of the house.

Verbnitsa, Easter doll

The doll is made for the holiday Bright Sunday of Christ, or Easter.
Making a doll is equivalent to painting Easter eggs and such a doll can be given for a holiday.

The willow branch in the doll personifies growth, multiplication, fertility. That is why the children were lightly "lashed" with willow branches so that they would grow faster. In ancient Russia, people swallowed willow buds, which, according to legend, cured ailments and drove away any disease.
The Verbnitsa doll, as it were, was blessing the willow; the children went with it to pick willow branches before Palm Sunday.
The doll's face and hands were made of red cloth, which represented Easter and the Renaissance.

Vesnyanka, Small oat or Avdotya-Vesnovka

In ancient times, the Slavs celebrated the New Year on the first spring day - March 1, which, according to the new style, falls on March 14. The celebrations were widespread, because the beginning of the new year was a symbol of the beginning of a new time.

From that day it was possible to begin a new cycle of field work, to engage in other agricultural work. After the adoption of Christianity, this holiday began to be celebrated as the day of the Monk Martyr Evdokia, who took upon herself the image of Spring (Vesennitsa)

Sometimes it was done on the day of the vernal equinox, when, in accordance with the mythological views of our ancestors, the doors of Iriy opened and larks flew to the ground - heralds of rebirth and the fact that the whole space around was awakened after the winter torpor.

It was then - on a fine spring day - that the girls went out to do needlework on the street and made spring flowers - bright dolls of the most incredible colors. Vesnyanka were amulets of youth, beauty, therefore they had a perky, bright, cheerful image. Their obligatory attribute was a long braid of iridescent shades, the very braid about which people have long been talking about - girlish beauty. Therefore, the doll's braid was certainly decorated with ribbons, beads, and the first flowers. The scythe was also the embodiment of girlish happiness and good luck.

Then the girls exchanged dolls so that none of them was left without a gift, and wished each other health, beauty and joy.

By the spring flowers they could guess about the coming year - all the dolls were collected in one place, and the girls with their eyes closed took the first one that came across - they made predictions of their future by the color of her dress and hair. Spring flowers of red and green color were considered especially happy, because they foreshadowed a meeting with the betrothed, as well as mental and physical prosperity.
Vesnyanka is a talisman of youth and beauty. Having presented such a doll to a man, you wish him to remain young and cheerful for a long time, to a woman to always be charming and attractive

Wench

The people call her the Changeling, the Spinner. It may well be called a doll of dolls, because it contains 2 images - 2 heads, 4 arms, 2 skirts. The secret is that when one part of the doll is visible, for example, the girl, the second, the woman, is hidden under the skirt; if the doll is turned over, the woman will open, and the girl will disappear. That is, the doll symbolizes the transition from a girl to a woman, but vice versa - from a woman to a girl - this refers us to the motive of birth - a woman gives birth to a girl who herself will become the continuer of the family. It is not for nothing that among our ancestors, only a woman who gave birth to a girl and passed on to her the accumulated wisdom could be called a woman, and if only boys were born, then she was considered a young woman until old age.

The girl is the embodiment of beauty, carelessness, fun, she is open to the world and gives everyone beauty and joy. And the woman is economic, sedate, she has all the worries about the house and family, she reflects a different state, turns to herself, to the unborn child, protects the harmony and peace of the family.

The doll served the children with a detailed explanation of the difference between a girl's costume and the clothes of a married woman, since it did not require careful elaboration of details, but carried the most general characteristic: bright fabrics, a braid, ribbons are suitable for a girl, and darker tones, two braids are suitable for a married woman , twisted into a hairdo and covered with a scarf (or even two).

Each chrysalis image performed its own function. If you turn the doll upside down, it will help with household chores and
protect the family. And if suddenly fatigue has piled on, and the days have become grayer, then you just have to turn the doll to the "girl" side - and the strength will return, and life will sparkle with rainbow colors, and the husband or beloved will present a pleasant surprise.

Devkina fun

Such a doll was usually made by adolescent girls, whose spiritual life passed to a qualitatively new level, their own non-childish questions, thoughts, problems appeared. And not all of them wanted to share with relatives or girlfriends. Then the girl herself created an interlocutor for herself - a patchwork doll, which listened attentively to stories about the sorrows and joys of the young mistress. In a conversation with a doll, the girl, in fact, talked to herself, learned to independently find a solution to issues.

The doll helped to get rid of the feeling of loneliness and became a reliable intimate friend - hearing and understanding everything. She usually hid on the stove or in a chest. The hostess could give ribbons and beads to this unpretentious doll in making, create jewelry, thus Devkina fun was the first step on the way to realizing herself and her place in the world; your thoughts, feelings and desires.

Day and night

Dolls "Day and Night" - dolls-amulets of the dwelling. Pupae protect the change of day and night, order in the world. During the day they put forward a light one, and at night - a dark one.

The Day doll is young, lively, agile, hard-working and cheerful. She is the mistress of the day, and makes sure that on weekdays people work, work, have fun on holidays, sing, dance, play, so that the sun shines during the day. The doll monitors the life of people in the daylight, protects the day. So that the day is not in vain, but meaningfully. Then the doll is happy, and people are all right.

Doll "Night" is wise, thoughtful, calm, she is the mistress of the night. The night is a sorceress. It changes both things and people. She brings a different world. Everything is mysterious at night. Everything familiar without sunlight becomes unrecognizable. And people become different. More frank, open. The most soulful conversations drag on after midnight. But most importantly, people sleep at night. The night makes sure that everyone calms down and goes to bed, rest from daytime affairs, gain strength. She gives sleep and protects him.

Ten-pen

A multi-armed producing doll, that is, intended to help girls preparing a dowry, or young women in their needlework: knitting, sewing, embroidery, weaving, so that they do everything in time, and everything goes well with them, and there was always order and prosperity in the house.
It was made of bast or straw on October 14 on Pokrov, when it was time for weddings and handicraft evenings. They could be made by the bridesmaids or by herself from bast or an old mother's dress. In its manufacture, threads of a protective red color were certainly used, and 9 red threads or ribbons-bows were necessarily tied to the hem.

The doll dressed up brightly, they could even give her a "present" in the form of beads around her neck, so that the tireless assistant would become even more diligent.

In the process of making, wrapping the doll's handles with threads one by one, the craftswoman mentally determined the sphere of help for each one: "This one will help me spin, and this one will help me to cut and sew a dress, and this one will help to make fancy embroidery on a loved one's shirt on time ..."

After making the doll, it was traditionally burned so that her help would materialize as soon as possible, but it could also be left in the house and put in a prominent place in the room in which the girl usually worked.

Didukh

Didukh (also called dido, didochok, sheaf-paradise, kolyada, kolidnik) is a sheaf of the last or the best sheaf of the harvested wheat, oats, rye or flax, tied in a special way, decorated with dried flowers or ribbons. The number of bundles (ears in a bundle) must be a multiple of seven, since Didukh symbolizes the seven tribes of the clan.

The tradition of staging a Didukh in the house dates back to very ancient pre-Christian times.

Didukh began to weave after harvest and kept until Christmas. On Holy evening, the owner of the house solemnly carried him into the hut, saying: "Diduh do hati - bida iz hati." Didukh was placed on straw in a place of honor. His presence brought a festive mood, comfort and tranquility to the family.

The festive sheaf was in the house for a week, then the straw from under the sheaf was burned. Part of Didukh was threshed and presented with grains of dear people or added to the grains intended for sowing, and the resulting straw was tied up with fruit trees so that they would bear fruit well next year.

The straw amulet - Didukh, a symbol of a good harvest, peace and harmony in the family and prosperity in the house, has become an indispensable attribute of folk fairs and begins to occupy a worthy place among Ukrainian national traditions.

Zhelanitsa

This doll, trimmed with ribbons, beads, buttons, was endowed with the power of fulfilling desires and was in the village for every girl. Intimate (she was sure to hide from men's eyes), she hid in her own wicker box, sprinkled with essential oils. The hostess, taking it out of there, made a wish, sewed a bead on the doll's hem or tied a bright ribbon, then brought it to the mirror, saying: “Look, what a beauty you are. And for a present, fulfill my desire. " And the desire was certainly fulfilled, and the doll returned to its place - in its box.

The choice of the type of desires depended on the temperament of the hostess and on the desires fulfilled. Zhelannitsa could be a Poskakushka - light and quick, fulfilling wishes in the rhythm of a dance, made on a cross from birch, mountain ash, cherry branches. Moreover, the wood species also made its own adjustments. Birch gave the doll healing properties. She provided assistance in matters of health, caring for loved ones, in family matters. Desire on a mountain ash is a fighter. Her sphere of influence was to defend interests, protection from negative influences, envy and anger. Desire on cherry twigs - very feminine helped to maintain charm and attractiveness.

The second type of zelanitsa - Kroshechka-Khavroshechka - on a birch bark or cardboard cylinder. Its design made it possible to keep notes with desires inside. She is unhurried, but reliable, more solid, efficient and responsible. She was approached with desires of a material nature. She helped to increase good (both monetary and spiritual).

Desire is a mechanism of working with desires, genius in its simplicity and wisdom, based on the principle of “letting go”. Such a doll allowed the owner to formulate the request as accurately as possible, to prioritize between the important and the unimportant, and then to let go of the desire, without driving it inside herself, to pass it on to the doll, relieving herself of excessive stress.

And August was considered the best time for making a gallant. And they made such a doll most often once in a lifetime, then carefully preserving their faithful assistant and keeper of secrets.

Zhelannitsa - do it yourself

Feminine essence

There was this doll in the house where they are very much expecting and wanting a child.
They put her in a prominent place in the bedroom. The task of this amulet was to return fertility to a woman.

It was believed that the doll has the ability to lure the soul of a child with its long braid. The doll should demonstrate a well-fed, rich life, should be smartly dressed. Her legs are very thin, always in shoes, handles are in mittens, her body is plump (a well-fed girl).

The obligatory part in this doll (in fact, that's why it is called "the female essence") is the hole left at the bottom. From which the filler sticks out - a little bitch. On the apron is embroidered Rozhanitsa - Lada giving birth to Lelya. In addition, the sign Ognevitsa was used, burning female diseases, Vseslavets, symbolizing a strong family, symbols of the Sown Field, Morena crosses, symbolizing the Transition of the hypostasis.

Bunny-on-finger

The Russian people had dolls in which people saw their assistants and considered them a talisman. Such dolls were made throughout life, starting from early childhood. They were twisted from old clothes worn by a father or mother. And the dolls lived in houses, becoming not just a toy, but a part of the world and a member of the family. Therefore, they turned to them in difficult moments of life, talked, shared sorrows, and did not forget in joy.

A bunny was made for children from the age of three, so that they had a friend, an interlocutor. The bunny puts on a finger and is always by your side. Parents used to give this toy to their children when they left home, and if you get bored or scared, you can turn to him as a friend, talk to him, complain or just play. This is both a friend and a talisman. Children are very responsive and see a kindred spirit in their favorite toy, open up and talk as if they were a living person.

Here is this bunny, not easy at all.

Health

Healing doll. Her competence is to help a person cope with an illness. Successful in this, she can even take on the disease. Moreover, the healing mechanism of the doll is usually turned on with the help of kind thoughts and words with which a loving person will make this doll for the patient.

It is made most often from linen threads, since it is believed that flax is very environmentally friendly by its natural properties and, taking the disease onto itself, helps a person to recover.

This doll is simplified as much as possible by the manufacturing technique and is not decorated with anything. She is characterized by a long braid. To wind the entire doll, one thread is used, which is not cut or torn anywhere, of a protective red color. A protective cross is applied to the doll's chest with the help of such a thread - a sign of healing and protection.

She does not tolerate fuss, but on the contrary, it must be done, trying to stay in a state of goodness as much as possible, concentrating on thoughts of the sick person for whom this is being done. You can light a candle and read prayers or conspiracies. For a child who has fallen ill, the doll is placed in the bed, he can play with it, and as soon as the sickness leaves, the doll is burned. When braiding a doll's braid, one must say: "To your health, to your health." At the end of production and upon transfer to the patient, it is also necessary to repeat: "To your health"

Porridge

Doll Kasha is the image of a girl of seven years old. At the age of seven, the girl began to cook porridge for the whole family. As an assistant, they made a doll in the form of a bag. This doll was a yardstick.
The groats were poured over the legs, water was poured up to the waist down the neck - it turned out to be porridge.

How can Kasha help us?

Organize cooking, of course. You can ask the doll what to cook for dinner, how can I organize a weekly menu, ask for help in preparing a festive dinner for guests.

The doll is made of linen fabric. The height of the doll is from the saucepan where the porridge is boiled. The doll is filled with groats.

The value of croup:

rice - wealth,

buckwheat, barley - satiety,

oats - force.

Goat

This doll is a calendar - it was made on the eve of a new solar year - after the winter solstice, laying in it the image of a happy next year.

The goat and the bear are indispensable participants in the Yuletide Christmas tour of the courtyards, dressing up, since these animals have long been associated with the cult of fertility among the Slavs. The goat was a symbol of vitality, and she had to bring this strength to the owner of the hut and his land, field, so that bread was better born.

The goat was usually portrayed by one of the guys. They put on a sheepskin coat turned out with the fur outside, smeared his face with soot, put any hat on his head to which horns made of straw were attached. The "goat" guy sat astride an arc - so the carolers took him from the hut to the hut. At the same time, the goat danced, and her retinue sang.

The goat certainly brought its owners happy changes, joy, prosperity, fortitude, because it was a symbol of the newly born sun.

It is based on a wooden cross, and the muzzle, horns, beard are made of bast or straw.
The Goat was dressed in a special bright dress, on top of which were attached ritual objects: pipes, barrel organs, tambourines, horseshoes as a gift for luck, bells, bells, wooden beads, earrings, gift bags, wreaths of prosperity with small red bags with cereal grains, wooden a block as a gift to a bachelor, as a reminder of the need to marry.

Bell

This is a doll of good news. Her homeland is Valdai. From there came the Valdai bells. In the old days, it was believed that the ringing of a bell protects people from the plague and other terrible diseases. The bell rang under the arc on all the festive triplets. The bell was associated with a small sun because it has a domed shape and resembles the sun from above. And inside the doll there really is a real ringing bell.

The bell is a cheerful, playful doll, its task is to bring joy and fun into the house. This is a talisman for a good mood. Giving a bell, a person wishes his friend to receive only good news and maintains a joyful and cheerful mood in him.

The doll was usually hung next to the door, and the incoming touched it, and a protective ringing was heard. And the doll itself was the ancestor of the bell, it is not for nothing that even now the tradition of hanging bells at the door is preserved.

The doll was certainly made three skirts. And this is not without reason, not only wealth and contentment was emphasized by this excess. The point is that happiness also consists of three parts. The ancestors believed that a person consists of three parts - the soul (our inner self, which thinks and feels), spirit (some divine power present in every person) and body (physical shell). In this regard, happiness is the harmony of all three parts. If the body is good, the soul is happy, the spirit is calm, then the person is completely happy.

Kolyada

A calendar winter doll, the creation of which is timed to coincide with the winter solstice - December 25. At this time, the most severe frosts were observed, according to ancient beliefs, coinciding with the revelry of evil spirits. The celebration of Kolyada with its cheerfulness and optimism expressed faith in the inevitability of the victory of good principles over the forces of evil. To help Kolyada defeat and drive away evil spirits, the celebrants burned fires, sang and danced around them. Then the carols began.

This doll is a symbol of the sun and good relations in the family. She was a stout woman, dressed in everything new and smart. On her behalf, the carolers wished happiness and prosperity. They sang joyful songs glorifying the owners.

In some localities, carols ended near the fire with wishes for the well-being of themselves and loved ones and the burning of Kolyada. In other areas, she was left until next year, so that she would keep the harmony and sunny atmosphere in the family. Since they believed that with her arrival, happiness, peace and harmony among family members would settle in the house.

The doll is anthropomorphic, in the bags suspended from the belt are grain and salt (the same bread and salt, which are traditionally greeted by guests). A broom will be plugged into the belt, with which Kolyada drives away evil spirits.

Kostroma

Kostroma was the name of a straw doll, which in the summer was worn by a girl in a round dance, sang special ritual songs to her, and then carried it to the river, drowned it in water or burned it at the stake. The funeral of Kostroma was one of the main ones in the cycle of summer folk festivals.

It is believed that under the guise of the funeral of Kostroma, a straw effigy, the people preserved the ancient custom of the spring sacrifice to Yaril. The churchmen brutally persecuted such festivities. But despite all the prohibitions of the church, holidays in honor of such Slavic deities were celebrated in Kostroma and some cities of the modern Kostroma region.

Sacrum

At first glance, the sacrum does not look like a doll at all, but some 100 years ago the sacrum doll was used in games instead of male dolls. The games were called, as they are now, "Mothers and Daughters". In addition, the Sacrum doll had a pronounced meaning. The village boys also did the sacrum. The doll was made at the end of December, during Christmas time. According to legends, it was during the Christmas week that demonic forces were released. The most reliable way of cleansing was considered to be swimming in an ice hole on Epiphany (January 19th).

According to belief, water on this day became holy or sacred. People believed that when bathing in an illuminated source, evil spirits leave the human body. So that evil and insidious demonic forces would not again take possession of a person, people made a Sacrum doll. She was the "deputy" of the person. The sacrum was placed in snowdrifts near the hole. In order to attract the attention of evil forces, the cross was decorated with bright colorful ribbons and rags. Since young healthy guys mainly participated in winter bathing, the Sacrum doll began to symbolize a man.

Krupenichka

The doll, simple in appearance, is a krupenichka, but made with great love, has a deep symbolic meaning, being a talisman for satiety and prosperity in the family. It was usually presented on Kolyada, Christmas and sometimes on harvest-related holidays. The doll was necessarily filled with grain (which symbolized the saved powers of the nurse-land), preferably buckwheat, wheat or grain of all sorts at the same time, so that the harvest would be rich for all types of grain crops.

The doll was made of burlap - a small bag was filled with grain and tied, a coin could be put on the bottom of the bag. Krupenichka kept high-value and rare seeds of the future harvest, she was carefully placed in the red corner. A guest entering the hut could determine by the doll whether the family was satisfying. If the doll was thin, it means that the family is in trouble, because in difficult times they took grain from the doll. She served for a year, after the harvest, she was again filled with selected grain.

The first handfuls when sowing grain were taken from a bag sewn in the shape of this pupa. The grain in it symbolized the saved forces of the Earth's Nurse.
After the harvest, the pupa was again filled with the selected grain of the new harvest. She was dressed up and carefully kept in a conspicuous place in the red corner. They believed that only then the next year will be well-fed and there will be prosperity in the family.

In times of famine, they took cereal from the pupa and cooked porridge from it. It was believed that this porridge conveys the forces of Mother Earth.
A guest entering the hut could determine by the doll whether the family was satisfying. If the doll was thin, then there is trouble in the family ...
And today this doll will help you to have wealth in the house.

Values ​​of croup in krupenichka:

buckwheat− satiety and wealth,

rice( the most expensive grain) - for a holiday,

pearl barley - for satiety, oats - for strength.

Krupenichka - do it yourself

Herbal Egg

To keep the air in the hut clean, they made a useful pupa "Kubyshka-Travnitsa". They hung it up where the air was stagnant or over the cradle of a child.

The sphere of influence of the herbal egg-capsule is protection from diseases, she must vigilantly monitor the physical health of all family members. This is a protector from the evil spirits of the disease, and a good comforter. A kind of special warmth and homelike atmosphere emanates from the cozy, round and soft doll, as from a kind mistress. She really creates a pleasant and comfortable atmosphere in the house.

Her thick, round skirt and knots in her hands are filled with healing fragrant herbs. Our ancestors believed that the scent of grass drives away the spirit of the disease; for this, the pupa must be crumpled in the hands. If someone gets sick in the house, they put it at the head of the patient's bed, if a child was sick, then they made him such a herbalist for playing or hung it over the cradle.

When the Doll was first introduced into the family's house, where it will be, it was certainly given into the hands of all household members, who inhaled the aroma of dry herbs, tried to guess what the egg-capsule was filled with, and asked to protect the house from diseases.

The doll can be placed in a wardrobe, then its smell will perform another protective function.

The herbalist can delight for a long time with the smell of herbs and a beautiful outfit, because the doll is valid for 2 years.

Kuvatki (Kuvadki)

Pupae accompanying the child from his very birth. About two weeks before giving birth, a woman made a twisted doll out of multi-colored scraps and put it in a cradle in order to "warm" the space in this way, to prepare it for the appearance of a new person. When the baby was born, the father of the child, in order to distract and deceive the evil spirits that could harm the woman in labor and the baby, performed a ritual - "kuvada" - imitating the process of childbirth.
Bright kuwat dolls were hung on the walls, as, in accordance with the beliefs, the spirits angry with deception unleashed their indignation at the first thing that came their way. Such a talisman should have been the waterworms. After that, the pupae were burned. And new ones were made, which were hung over the baby's cradle, performing all the same protective function, distracting unkind glances.
Kuvatki were the first educational toys and rattles, they were strung in whole bunches mixed with bright beads and shreds, so the baby received the first lessons on the variety of shapes, colors and textures.

Later, when the ancient rituals were forgotten, but the mythological perception of the world filled with good and evil spirits was preserved, the image of the waterworm was transformed into the image of an angel, retaining its protective meaning - colorful patchwork dolls were still instructed to protect the baby from hostile forces.

Kuzma and Demyan

Dolls about which Agaeva Irina Vladimirovna spoke about

Head of the department of scientific, methodological and educational work of the association "Tula Regional Historical, Architectural and Literary Museum", People's Master of Russia.

Kuzma and Demyan - patrons of the family hearth and crafts

In the central provinces of Russia, there were traditional rag dolls Kuzma and Demyan. The birthday of Kuzma and Demyan is celebrated on November 14 and is called autumn Kuzminki. After the harvest in the villages, it was time for rest and weddings.

Saints Cosmas and Damian are brothers of Asia, originally from Asia Minor. Their mother Theodotia raised the children in the Christian faith. Well-educated, skillful doctors, they healed the mental and physical anguish of people, treated animals, and for free, for which they were called unmercenaries.

Kuzma and Demyan are considered the patrons of the family hearth, the holiness and inviolability of marriage, the organizers of spouses

For centuries, people have created amulets of rag dolls with their own hands. Such dolls were supposed to protect family members from adversity and disease, bring happiness and prosperity to the house, and protect them from evil spirits. created from natural materials and improvised means, they were cherished, loved, passed down from generation to generation.

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What are amulet dolls and what is their function

A small doll, made of cloth, thread, straw, or herbs, dressed in pretty, embroidered clothes, was not meant to be played by children. Only a woman could make a doll-amulet, as the continuer of the family and the keeper of the hearth, men were not allowed to do this.

Craftswomen tried to create a doll without using sharp objects - scissors, knives or needles (needles were allowed when embroidering doll clothes). Another important condition is that the doll should not have a face, so that evil spirits do not enter it through the eyes.

Such amulet dolls helped in difficult life situations, conditionally they can be divided into several groups:

• keepers of the home and family hearth;
• guardians of the life and health of children and adults;
• keepers of pregnant women and babies, helpers in childbirth;
• bringing good luck, prosperity, wealth;
• patrons of crafts, trade, agricultural work, good harvest;
• guardians of warriors and travelers;
• protectors from evil spirits and evil spirits;
• fortune-telling dolls.

Slavic

The girls began to sew the first dolls with their own hands in childhood under the guidance of mothers and older sisters. By the time she got married, the girl already knew how to make such amulets for different needs. The bride-to-be also had in her dowry chest several dolls for the future home, a new family. The experience of creating amulets dolls was passed along the female line, from mother to daughter.

The main Slavic dolls amulets and their meaning are shown in the table:

Name	For what occasion did they do	What the doll looked like, what materials were used in the creation	The value of the amulet doll
Bereginya	Birthday, wedding, housewarming	Red threads and red shreds	Assistant to a woman in household affairs, in childbirth. Keeper of the house from evil spirits.
Grace	April 7 or Christmas (as a gift)	Birch or mountain ash tree. She was depicted with her hands raised up.	Brings good news into the house, an assistant in raising children.
Ten-pen	As a gift for a wedding, the bride could also make such a doll for her own wedding.	The doll has 10 arms to keep up with all the household chores.	Helping a young housewife in numerous household chores.
Ash doll	For the wedding (the mother prepared for her daughter-bride)	The doll's head was made from moistened ash. The doll had no arms and legs. Often a Diaper was tied to the ash doll.	A symbol of motherhood and well-being in the home.
Kuvadka	For the birth of a child	A very simple motanka doll, shaped like a cross.	They helped the mother in childbirth, protected the woman and the newborn baby.
Plantain	Before a long journey	A pinch of ash from the hearth was placed in the doll's bag.	Helped in road hardships, brought good luck.
Bird Joy	To welcome spring	The doll was decorated with bright ribbons, feathers, bows.	She took part in the ritual holidays of invocation of spring.
Comforter	For small children	Stuffed motanka doll in the shape of a soft, fat woman.	The doll was given to the child only when it was necessary to comfort him. Didn't serve as a toy for a child.

Russian national

Russian folk dolls are closely related to national traditions and rituals. Ritual dolls were prepared for certain holidays, after which they were destroyed or kept until the next holiday.

Such dolls were made from:

• fabrics;
• thread;
• wood;
• clay.

There are three main dolls:

1. Kupavka - a doll was prepared on the day of the Summer Solstice from two poles fastened in the shape of a cross. Bunches of straw were tied on the poles, and a doll of human height was obtained. The doll was dressed up in real women's clothing - a shirt and a sundress, long ribbons were tied to the sleeves. At the end of the holiday of Ivan Kupala, Kupavka was released along the river.
2. Kostroma (Maslenitsa) - a doll was prepared at the beginning of Maslenitsa week. Just like Kupavka, Kostroma was made in human height or even more, dressed in women's clothing. Kostroma was burned on the last day of the Maslenitsa celebration.
3. Easter (Verbnitsa) - the doll was prepared a week before Easter, on the eve of Palm Sunday. They tried to make the doll without scissors and needles from scraps and red rags. The finished doll was put up to the window for everyone to see, and on Easter they put it on the table along with Easter cakes and painted eggs.

Kupavka Kostroma (Maslenitsa) Easter (Verbnitsa)

Rules for creating amulet dolls

When making amulets dolls, you should follow the rules:

1. Get started in a good mood. Remember that the doll absorbs some of the energy of the craftswoman, so you should not mistake the doll in a state of irritation, fatigue or illness.
2. There should be no men or grown-up boys near the craftswoman. Boys of an early age may be an exception, but they should not distract the craftswoman.
3. Create a doll not on the table, but on your lap. Cover yourself with a handkerchief to prevent hair from accidentally getting caught in the doll.
4. The doll should not be touched with sharp objects (scissors, knives, needles) and glue. The clothes should be sewn separately and then put on the doll.
5. Try to have time to make a doll before going to bed.
6. Use natural materials without dyes to create your doll. These can be cotton and linen fabrics, matting, threads, strings, ribbons, straw, etc.
7. Finished dolls cannot be washed or thrown into the trash. If it is necessary to get rid of the doll, it should be burned, buried in the ground, and sent down the river.
8. The very first doll should be made for yourself and left in your home.

Instructions for making dolls

Motanka - from the word wind. This is a doll made of shreds, all elements of which are attached with a long thread. The thread cannot be cut off, and no knots can be made, only one knot is allowed in the navel area. It is imperative to wear a long shirt, skirt and scarf on the coil. The face cannot be embroidered or drawn; it is worth leaving either a clean piece of fabric, or pulling the face crosswise with threads.

• two pieces of white fabric 10x10 cm;
• scraps of colored fabric;
• hair yarn;
• spool of red thread;
• padding polyester tape for the head;
• ribbons, braid, lace for decorating and finishing the doll.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Roll the white piece of dense fabric tightly into a tube. These will be the legs of the doll.
2. For shoes, cut out two 5x5 cm squares from a colored patch. We apply each square to the opposite ends of the tube and wrap around them. We fix it with threads.
3. Fold the tube exactly in half, step back 2 cm from the fold and wrap with threads.
4. Wind the padding polyester tape onto the fold marked with threads. This will be the head.
5. Place the head in the center of the white patch, fold the fabric evenly around the head, and wrap the threads around the neck.
6. Make handles from the right and left corners of the flap, tucking the fabric inward. Secure the ends of the pens with threads.
7. From the front and back corners of the flap, make a little body, tying it with a thread.
8. Wrap the yarn on a book of a suitable width. The thicker the winding, the more magnificent the doll's hairstyle will be.
9. Cut the winding at one end, and tie at the other with a piece of yarn.
10. Attach the hair to the head, distribute it evenly and tie it very tightly around the neck with a thread. Braid your hair.
11. Measure the height of the doll and sew her a sundress from a colored patch. Put it on your doll.

You should always cut out and sew clothes for the doll separately so that the needles do not touch the doll's body.

See how to gradually make a reeled doll "Happiness" in the video of the AllatRa TV Dnepr channel.

Broomstick

The Broomstick doll will sweep all quarrels and troubles out of the house. Such a doll was hung in the kitchen, right above the front door. If the doll fell from its place to the floor, it was considered that it fulfilled its purpose, and a new Broomstick should be made.

Doll Broom

To make a doll you will need:

• small broom (buy or make yourself);
• 2 square rags of white fabric (the size depends on the size of the broom);
• colored fabric (for a sundress, scarf and apron);
• red ribbon;
• spool of white thread;
• spool of red thread;
• yarn.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Wrap the yarn around the broom handle so that a round head is formed.
2. Wrap the head with a white rag and wrap it with white thread.
3. Make a slit in the center of the second white patch and slide it over the broom. Shape the handles of the doll by securing them with red threads.
4. Sew a colored sundress and apron separately, put on the doll.
5. Cover the head with a handkerchief, decorate with a ribbon. The Broomstick doll is ready.

When creating the doll's head, try to keep the face smooth and even, without folds and wrinkles.

Photo gallery

In the photo you can see how to make a Metlushka doll step by step.

Valdai doll Bell

To make a doll you will need:

• 3 round shreds 15, 20 and 22 cm in diameter (1 red and 2 multi-colored);
• 1 white shred 12x13 cm;
• 1 multi-colored scarf patch 15x15x21;
• the bell is small;
• a piece of cotton wool or padding polyester;
• red dense threads;
• red ribbon.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Roll cotton wool or synthetic winterizer into a lump, fasten the bell on it with a thread.
2. Place cotton wool with a bell in the center of the largest round patch.
3. Wrap the fabric around the bell cotton to form a head. Secure with thread.
4. Wrap the second largest piece of paper around the first piece and secure it with a thread as well.
5. Wrap and secure the third piece in the same way.
6. Lay out a white rectangular piece of fabric, fold the corners towards each other.
7. Attach the flap to the head, gently wrap the fabric so that it does not wrinkle on the doll's face. Secure with thread.
8. Form the handles by folding the long ends of the white fabric inward. Secure the ends of the handles with thread, stepping back slightly from the edge.
9. Tie a scarf. The Bell doll is ready.

Small bells can be purchased at a fishing store.

Photo gallery

Doll-amulet made of linen threads

To make a doll you will need:

• unpainted linen threads;
• red woolen threads.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Take a thick book or box, about the height of your palm. Wrap threads on it for three parts of the doll: the thickest for the body, 2 times thinner for the arms and for the pigtail.
2. Cut the windings on one side. There should be three bundles of thread.
3. For handles, weave a pigtail, secure with red thread. Cut the braid on the other side and secure with thread as well.
4. Measure out 1 meter of red thread. At the body, mark the head by tying it with the middle of a long thread.
5. Tie a bundle for a pigtail at one end with a knot, pull it through the head and fasten at the crown of the head. Weave a braid, tie the end with a thread.
6. We insert the pigtail-handles into the body, fasten it with the ends of a long thread crosswise, and then tie it at the belt, leaving the belt.
7. Tie a red thread around the doll's head. The doll is ready.

Well-being

The Well-Bearer doll is the first assistant for the mistress, it will also take trouble away from the house, and will attract prosperity and prosperity to the house. Such dolls were presented for weddings and housewarming.

Doll Wellbeing

To make a doll you will need:

• white flap 10x10 cm (for the head);
• colored flap 15x5 (for pens);
• round colored flap with a diameter of 12 cm (for a skirt);
• a colored flap of a triangular shape, 18 cm on the long side (for a scarf);
• ribbons (for apron and belt);
• spool of white thread;
• cotton wool for filling.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Place a ball of cotton in the center of the white patch, wrap the fabric around it and wrap it with thread. The head for the doll is ready.
2. Fold the pen patch in half and fold the edges inward. You should get a narrow four-layer strip of matter. Tie a knot in the middle.
3. Tie the handles with threads to the doll's neck, lifting them above the head.
4. Gather the round shred with a simple seam around the edge to form a pouch. Put a coin and cotton wool inside.
5. Insert the head with handles into the bag. Tighten the thread and wrap it around the doll for a tighter hold.
6. Pull the doll's arms down, tie her with an apron, a belt and a handkerchief. The Wellbeing doll is ready.

Photo gallery

Swaddling clothes

To make a doll you will need:

• 2 white shreds 20x30 for the torso;
• multi-colored patchwork 25x25 for the diaper;
• red patch 10x10 for a handkerchief;
• red woolen thread;
• beautiful laces.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Put two white shreds on top of each other, fold in half, then in half again and roll into a tight roll. Tie the roll up with red string. This will be the body of the doll.
2. Fold the red patch in half and put it on like a scarf on the torso.
3. Lay out the diaper flap on the table. We bend one corner to the center, put the torso on the diaper.
4. We turn the diaper on the left, and then on the right.
5. We bend the bottom edge of the diaper and lift it up.
6. We tie the doll up with a string. The Swaddle doll is ready.

Photo gallery

Dolls Bunnies

To make a doll you will need:

• a piece of colored fabric 10x20 cm;
• cotton wool or synthetic winterizer;
• red threads.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Fold the fabric in half along the short side of the patch. Roll up in a corner, wrap with thread three times and tie a knot (do not cut the thread). These will be the ears of the Bunny.
2. Roll a tight ball of cotton wool and insert it under Bunny's ears. Close with a cloth and wrap the neck with the same thread to form a head.
3. Wrap the remaining fabric inward, fold it 1 cm from the edge and fold it under the neck. We wrap with the same thread crosswise, forming legs. The doll is ready.

Step-by-step scheme for creating a Bunny doll

On the video you can watch a master class for beginners on making the "Bunny" doll. Filmed by U-mama. ru ".

Lovebirds

Lovebirds - a man and a woman holding hands tightly - is a traditional Slavic wedding talisman. Lovebirds were prepared on the eve of the wedding, and during the wedding they were hanged under the arc of a horse carrying the young. Then the doll was kept in a young family, preserving conjugal love and fidelity in the house.

Lovebirds

To make a doll you will need:

• thin, even stick about 30 cm long;
• a piece of white cloth 15–40 cm (for a stick);
• 2 pieces of white fabric 20x40 cm (for a woman's torso) and 20x20 cm (for a man's torso);
• 2 pieces of red fabric 15x30 cm (for a woman's shirt) and 15x20 (for a man's shirt);
• striped or colored patchwork 20x30 cm (for pants);
• colorful patchwork 20x20 cm (for a handkerchief);
• a patch of dark color 10x10 cm (for a hat);
• ribbons and ribbons;
• synthetic winterizer;
• beautiful fabric for an apron;
• spool of thick red thread;
• wire and pieces of leather for boots (you can use cut fingers from old leather gloves).

Step-by-step instruction:

1. We wrap the stick with a white cloth and fix the fabric with a thread on both sides. These will be the handles of the doll.
2. We fold the white fabric 20x40 4 times, tucking inward. You should get a narrow, long strip. We fold it in half, step back a little, tie it up with a red thread, marking the head. We fill our head with padding polyester. The torso for the female figurine is now complete.
3. We attach the torso to the arm and fix it with a thread crosswise. In the same way, we make a torso for a male figure - fold the flap for pants 4 times, tucking the fabric inward.
4. We attach the pants to the hand and tie it with a thread from the bottom. From a 20x20 white rag we make a man's head in the same way as a woman did. We fill with padding polyester and fix with a thread on the hand.
5. We fold the red shreds in half and make simple patterns for shirts for women and men.
6. Cut a hole for the head and put it on the dolls.
7. We fasten the shirts with beautiful ribbons or ribbons. We still put on an apron for the woman.
8. We insert a wire into the boots and fix it with threads on the man's legs.
9. Tie the woman's head with a ribbon and cover it with a handkerchief. We apply the flap for the cap to the man's head, wrap it around and bend the edge inward at the back of the head. We fix it with braid or tape.
10. We tie a thread to the Lovebirds so that they can hang. The Lovebirds doll is ready.

Photo gallery

Krupenichka

To make a doll you will need:

• canvas or linen fabric 20x20 cm (for the body) and 7x20 (for pens);
• wide lace ribbon 10 cm (for the bottom shirt);
• a flap along the width of the lace ribbon (for the top shirt);
• a small flap of soft, plain fabric (for a head warmer);
• a flap of beautiful fabric 40x40 (for a scarf);
• embroidered apron;
• needle and thread;
• any cereal or mixture of cereals.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. From a 20x20 flap we sew an oblong bag, fill it with cereals and carefully sew it up or tie it with a knot.
2. Wrap lace tape around the waist and wrap with thread. On top, fasten a flap of the upper shirt with a thread, leaving a gap between the edges 2-3 cm wide.
3. We wrap the head with a soft rag of the warrior, hiding the sewn end of the bag under it.
4. We twist a long strip of fabric from both sides with the wrong side inward. Then we lean against the back of the doll so that the twisted handles are at shoulder level. We fix everything with a thread.
5. We attach the apron to the body with the same thread.
6. We knit a handkerchief so that the upper edges of the handles are hidden under it. The Krupenichka doll is ready.

Herbalist

The herbalist guarded the health of all family members. Such a talisman was made for a sick person, often the pupa was given to children to play. This is not without reason, because the Herbalist is filled with medicinal herbs (chamomile, mint, lemon balm, St. John's wort, thyme, etc.), which help to strengthen health, a kind of aromatherapy. The herbs in the doll should be changed once a year.

Dolls will always be favorite toys for children, and not only because it is easy to create their own fake world with them, but because the variety of dolls is inexhaustible. In the whole world, dolls are made from different materials, colors and sizes, they are massively produced by large corporations, the authors create single copies of dolls, and simple needlewomen are able to create an unthinkable miracle for their children - to make a doll, putting all their love and care into it. You will learn how to make a rag doll with your own hands using patterns below in the material.

As it turned out, the easiest way to make a doll is to sew it. Rag dolls have always been and will be in fashion. Our grandmothers and great-grandmothers sewed dolls, Russian girls were engaged in needlework, embroidery and decorated doll outfits, and now the ladies are very fond of making lovely dolls from a large selection of fabrics and threads.

Making cute rag dolls does not require special skill or do-it-yourself skills, basic knowledge of sewing and pattern is enough. Materials can also be prepared from leftover fabrics, old but well-maintained clothing, pieces of faux leather or fur, and even old wigs can come in handy for creating doll hair.

Let's start with a master class on creating a rag doll

Without a doubt, every needlewoman will be able to sew a rag doll with her own hands with patterns, because patterns are the best helper. Correctly drawn patterns guarantee a beautiful and flawless result.

Below is an example of a pattern that can be used to sew such a cute baby without any extra effort:

1) Take 2 types of fabric - colored for the torso, arms and legs, bodily - for the face.

2) We cut out the required number of parts according to the patterns.

We put the head pattern on a light fabric, the rest on a colored one.

On the patterns themselves, the number of necessary parts is always indicated, so you can either cut out the required amount or simply fold the fabric in half, fasten it with needles and there will already be half the work.

3) We sew the patterns together separately - the torso, arms, legs, head, while it is necessary to leave room for stuffing the doll with filler (it is better to use a synthetic winterizer).

4) We stuff the doll and sew the parts to each other - the doll is ready!

5) Let's mark the eyes and cheeks on the face using acrylic paints or cosmetics.

This simple doll is sewn according to the same principles:

And also many other toys.

By the way, rag dolls do not have to look like people, figurines of animals or fictional characters are also sewn from fabric using the same technique using the necessary patterns.

We make Russian matren with our own hands on patterns

Dolls have always been reflected in the era of time. In Russia, dolls were given a magical meaning, according to which she was not only the keeper of the home and family hearth, but could also fulfill conceived desires or protect a person from black forces. Keeping the traditions of our ancestors, we will consider a master class on creating Russian rag dolls, which can also be made from fabric cuts and always red threads. Some dolls use straw or twine. According to old beliefs, a doll should be made without the use of scissors and needles, therefore, we will consider the traditional option for making a talisman doll - a plantain, which brings good luck on travels, and in the second way, for decorating and decorating a house, we will make a simple rag doll-bell according to patterns in a Russian outfit.

1. Doll-amulet plantain.

It is better not to cut the scraps of fabric with scissors, but to cut them with your hands into squares of the required size.

Prepare a small square of light-colored fabric, put some cotton or rags in it.

This will be the head, we tie it up with a red thread, straighten the rest of the fabric.

We tie a satin ribbon on the head. If the tape does not hold well, you can fix it around your neck with a thread.

We dress the doll - we tie a sundress made of a flap of square colored fabric around the body and also fasten it with threads around the neck.

The main feature of this pupa is the knot, which should always be with her. You can put something in it that reminds of the house. Previously, they put a piece of bread or crackers, ashes from a home oven, now you can put a handful of cereals.

We make our hands from a piece of white fabric, folding it into a tube.

We tie the resulting part behind the doll's neck.

We tie the bag to the hands with a thread.

With the final touch, we tie a scarf on the head of the plantain.

Such a doll-amulet should not be shown to strangers, but it is better to carry it in your pocket or a secluded place during the trip.

1. Bell doll.

The bell is a good messenger that brings good news and good luck to the house.

The whole process of creating a doll is indicated in the diagram:

The main materials are 3 patterns in the shape of a circle of different sizes, which need to be transferred to patches of fabrics of different colors.

From the largest piece of tissue we form the head as indicated in the previous micron.

Hands are at the same time a shirt - we make them in the traditional way and put them on the doll's head. We decorate the doll with a scarf, ribbons or beads. You can hang small bells, then the doll will really greet everyone who comes into the house with a cheerful ringing.

Related videos

For even more ideas for creating do-it-yourself rag dolls, see the following videos:

The doll is the oldest toy. Initially, they were made as an object of worship for the gods. However, children tend to adapt different objects to play. And everything that falls into their hands quickly turns into thematic heroes. Even our distant great-grandmothers noted this craving for babies, and began to make different crafts for them. A folk toy with their own hands was made quite simply, it could be a piece of stone or wood, an ear of corn, a bundle of straw, tied with a strip of fabric.

A bit of history

The first mentions of a doll in the way we are accustomed to are found in Egyptian manuscripts in the 20th century BC. NS. They were carved from wood and decorated with paintings. Instead of hair, there were threads decorated with wooden beads. Ancient Greece further developed the cult of making toys. Moreover, it was at this time that dolls began to be intended for girls. They played with them until marriage, and then gave them to the gods as a sign that they had already grown up.

Doll in Russia

Here folk toys have been made with their own hands since time immemorial. Moreover, the dolls were originally made without a face. It was believed that in this way you bring the figure to life, and it is impossible to predict what it will be, good or evil. Only later did the folk sages begin to make dolls with different facial expressions. But they were not intended for play, they were amulets. Do-it-yourself folk toy is made from a variety of materials. Today we will consider making from different materials, so that each of you can make a little joy for your baby, or together with him.

Symbol of Russia

It's already hard to even remember when the matryoshka appeared. This is the first educational folk toy. Wood craftsmen, folk craftsmen made them with their own hands, and women painted them with intricate patterns. Later, new techniques appeared. For example, using papier-mâché, you can make a similar nesting doll, but only at home and without special devices.

All you need is plasticine, paper, glue and a lot of free time. From plasticine, make a figurine similar in shape to a nesting doll. Then you begin to glue it over with pieces of paper, layer by layer. It will take at least 20 layers for the final product to keep its shape well. After that, carefully cut the matryoshka, take out the plasticine and glue the seam. It remains only to dry, paint the figurine and the folk toy is ready. It is quite simple to do it with your own hands.

Ragdoll

Most often they did it in Russia. This does not require special knowledge and skills, and all the materials at hand will be used. For the first time, a piece of fabric, or rather its fragments, was found during excavations, it dates back to the 2nd century BC. NS. It was an exclusively ritual doll. Over time, this practice migrated to peasant families, since they did not have money to purchase copyright. However, one cannot deny the skill of women in Russia, they made amazing folk toys. The dolls could be the simplest ones, made from a bunch of grass with a patchwork headscarf, but sometimes women made embroidered outfits for them, tying them with lace patterns using a crochet hook. Therefore, such toys could be safely given to the exhibition.

Forgotten art

We will talk a little more about how a folk toy is made with our own hands. The master class will help you show your imagination and create an exclusive masterpiece. For sewing, you need natural fabric. It is best to choose linen, calico, satin or chintz. They are inexpensive and do not require any special skill to process the seams. The fabric will need two colors, for the body and clothes. It is very good if the material does not shed. In addition, you need matching threads, scissors and buttons for the eyes, ribbons and lace for finishing. Finally, if you wish, you can make the doll hair from a thick thread. The simplest pattern is a circle, from which a bell radiates to the bottom, from under which legs peep out. Don't forget to make sausage handles too.

And then - the scope of imagination for you. Cut two halves out of the fabric, not forgetting to leave some space for the seams. You can sweep them on a typewriter, turning them inside out. Then turn it out onto the front side and carefully stuff it with the material at hand. It can be hay, cotton wool, pieces of fabric, synthetic winterizer, whatever you find at home. It remains to fix the arms and legs in places suitable for them.

Now the matter is small. Sew on buttons, make lips out of a red bow, decorate a hairdo, or simply provide a doll with a scarf. Make an elegant sundress from any patch, sew it with lace and ribbons. It is not necessary to make a ready-made blank, just cut a rectangle out of the fabric, gather a little and sew to the doll's body. The straps are made in the form of lace strips.

Dymkovo toy

This is another outstanding representative of Russian folk art. At the thematic fairs, it is these figures that enjoy the constant attention of the guests. Clay toys are not very suitable for play, but they perfectly adorn a decorative shelf. For the production of figurines, red clay is used with the addition of fine sand. However, if you want to try to make such works at home with children, then such a composition may not be found. However, there is a way out. The figurine can be molded from plasticine, and a mixture of flour and PVA glue can be applied on top. However, you can also use acrylic, artistic primer. It is easily applied to plasticine, does not roll and dries quickly.

Clay toys are also remarkable in that they open up room for creativity, because the resulting horses, dogs and men can be decorated with intricate patterns using brushes and paints. It's extremely exciting. And to consolidate the result, you can use varnish in spray cans. It dries quickly and does not smudge paint.

Painting master

Painting folk toys is a topic for a separate conversation. Each master brings a piece of himself into the bright elements, and as a result, the whole world blooms against a light background. Very often, bright colors and shades were used in the work so that the toy was noticeable from afar. Natural motives stand out from the decorative elements, these are berries and flowers, leaves and stems of plants. In addition, household items, a hearth are often guessed in the painting, which is also always associated with well-being. In general, the composition depends on its purpose, as well as on the idea of ​​the master himself. The folk toy is also good because it will always be in a single copy. Even creating a similar one, the wizard will still perform several elements differently.

Motanka doll

If you do not have bright artistic talents, and the child asks to make him a toy, you should not refuse. It is enough to read our article and find out how to make a doll from threads. It may seem complicated only at first glance. In fact, such toys were made 5000 years ago, which means that you can too. You will need yarn, cardboard and scissors to work. A rectangle should be cut out of cardboard as high as the future doll should be. Place the first loop across the cardboard and tie a knot. Now start winding the yarn lengthwise. You will need at least 100 circles for the doll to turn out to be quite voluminous.

The second step will be shaping the head. To do this, pass the rest of the thread under the yarn from above and fasten it with a loop. Now step back a little from the edge and use another thread to make a knot. The resulting ball will be the head. Separate the hands, which are also close to the ends with a thread. By cutting the loops at the ends, you will mark the fingers. It remains to intercept the doll with a thread in the belt and decide whether you will have a girl or a boy. In the first case, you can leave the skirt as it is, and in the second, divide it into two parts and tie it at the ends.

Now you know how to make a doll out of threads. Nothing complicated, as you can see. You can dress her up in a dress, make her face and sew her hair. It all depends on your desire and free time.

from dough

There was no plasticine in Russia, and children are very fond of tinkering with soft and elastic substances, crushing them and sculpting figures. Therefore, the mothers made cool dough for them and allowed them to sculpt figures. Then they could be baked in the oven and eaten instead of cookies, or dried and left as souvenirs for memory. You can repeat this experience and get creative with your child. The dough is very simple, you only need 2 glasses of flour, a glass of salt and ¾ glass of water. From this, dough is kneaded, which can be stored in the refrigerator and used as needed. Figures made from it become hard, white and shiny after drying. The most important thing is to take fine salt and knead the dough well, otherwise it will crumble. You can sculpt whistles or figurines of animals, little men or elements of nature, flowers, mushrooms or trees from it.

Master the class is designed for children of the senior group of kindergarten, educators, parents.

Appointment: game doll for baby; amulet; DIY gift.

Target: Formation of children's interest in the history and culture of Russian the people, through the manufacture of traditional folk dolls"Twist".

Tasks:

- educational: teach children to make folk doll"Twist"... Enrich students' knowledge of history and diversity folk dolls;

-developing: to develop in students fine motor skills of hands, perseverance, attention, an eye and the ability to work with tissue flaps;

-educational: to cultivate an interest in the culture of your the people and respect for doll... To cultivate an aesthetic taste in manufacturing dolls"Twist".

Basic concepts: doll, folk doll, Ragdoll, modern doll, amulets, ritual, game dolls.

Materials.

2 squares of white cloth (20x20) for the torso and blouse;

One square (20x20) and two strips of colored fabric for a sundress;

Rectangular patch for the apron and triangular for the headscarf;

White threads;

Sintepon (cotton wool) for volume;

braid for the belt.

O I will tell you about a folk doll now,

And if you like it, I'll show you how to do it.

Handmade dolls for centuries they accompanied the life of Russian peasants. They were carefully kept in chests and passed on from generation to generation. Mothers, elder sisters, grandmothers sewed dolls for small children, “… with all their incredible employment, they found time for this. The child was specially trained in traditional manufacturing techniques. dolls, and from the age of five the simplest rag doll any girl could do. " And they began to teach girls how to make dolls already from the age of three.

main feature dolls, lies in the fact that it is made without a needle and faceless. For a child doll will be a toy-friend and a talisman at the same time, therefore it is useless to prick it with a needle, and make a face according to popular beliefs cannot since such doll can find a soul and become dangerous. A Faceless the pupa is considered an inanimate object and cannot harm the child. A doll made with love with her own hands will be a source of pride for her craftswomen.

Pupa manufacturing technology

Take one square of white fabric and fold the edge inward.

We put a synthetic winterizer in the middle

We carry out a tight twist.

The result is a twist - a roll. it "Body" our chrysalis.

At the level of the neck and waist, we tie the twist with a thread.

We take the second square of white fabric, place a twist and a piece of padding polyester in the center.

We tie it with a thread at the level of the neck.

We straighten the fabric. We will try to remove unnecessary folds from the face dolls.

Shaping hands: we determine their length and wrap the excess fabric inward. We remove the edges of the sleeves in the middle.

We measure the size of the palms and drag them with a thread. We tie the free corners around the body with a thread on the belt, trying to distribute the fabric evenly.

The basis of our dolls ready... But the outfit is your imagination and creativity. We have done doll sundress... We take two narrow colored strips of fabric and place them crosswise over the shoulders on the chest and back. We tie it with a thread at the belt.

Fold a square of colored fabric in half. We wrap around the body.

We pull together with a thread and tie.

We tie a scarf to the doll, tie a belt and the doll is ready.

The pupa is decorated with an apron. Ornament is drawn felt-tip pen.

Thank you for the attention!

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