Quinoa Tatar. Types of Quinoa. It is also used in wool dyeing

Weeds belong to the Chenopoaceae family.

Cultures.

They are most often found on row crops, grains, and perennial grasses.

Prevalence.

Everywhere.

Description.

Spreading. Cotyledons are 18…24 mm long, 3…4 mm wide, oblong-linear-ovate, fleshy, on small petioles. The first leaves are 20...30 mm long, 12...18 mm wide, ovate, slightly wavy along the edge and notched-toothed, obtuse, subsequent leaves are notched-toothed along the edge. The seedlings are covered with a granular coating. Epicotyl with longitudinal grooves. The hypocotyl is greenish above. Tap root. The stem is straight, branched, glabrous, 30...120 cm high. The upper leaves are alternate, glabrous, the lower leaves are unequally rhombic, with a wide wedge-shaped base, arrow-shaped, the upper leaves are lanceolate, entire. The flowers are collected in dense spike-shaped inflorescences. The fruit is a quadrangular, dark greenish-brown or dark brown, rounded-compressed nut, length 1.25...1.75, width 0.75...1, thickness 0.5...0.8 mm. Weight of 1000 nuts is 1.25 g.

Tatar. Cotyledons are 12...24 mm long, 2...6 mm wide, oblong-linear-ovate. The first pair of leaves is 12...25 mm long, 8...12 mm wide, ovate, less often elliptical, unevenly wavy-toothed along the edge, on petioles. The top and especially the bottom of the plates are covered with a silvery powdery coating. The epicotyl is low. The hypocotyl is slightly pinkish-green above. The root is taproot, strong. The stem is straight, spreading, sometimes recumbent, longitudinally grooved, up to 150 cm high. The upper leaves are alternate, unevenly notched-toothed along the edges, the lower ones are triangular-ovate, sometimes three-lobed-spear-shaped, the upper leaves are covered with silvery scales, especially densely at the bottom. The leaf blades are uneven, unevenly wavy, and sparsely toothed along the edges. The flowers are collected in dense, leafless, spike-shaped inflorescences. The fruit is round-compressed, straw-yellow, grayish-green or whitish-yellow, small-spotted shiny nut, in a perianth, length 2...2.5, width 3...4, thickness 1...1.5 mm. The weight of 1000 nuts is about 1 g.

Weed biology.

Spring annuals.

Spreading. Shoots appear in March - May. Blooms in July - September. Fruits in August - October. Fertility is up to 1600 nuts, which germinate in the soil from a depth of no more than 5 cm.

Tatar. Shoots appear in March - May. Blooms in July - September. Fruits in September - October.

Conditions affecting weed development.

The minimum germination temperature for quinoa and quinoa nuts is 3...4 °C, the optimal temperature is 20...22 °C. Quinoa species grow in abundance in moist soils.

Preparations for protection.

Agrotechnical control measures.

Compliance with agricultural technology.

There are about 200 species of quinoa, which are common in temperate and subtropical zones. These are herbs, subshrubs and shrubs with alternate leaves, often covered, like the stems, with a powdery coating. Flowers are in glomeruli, forming a spike-shaped or paniculate inflorescence. The most common in Russia quinoa spear-shaped, shiny, spreading, Tatar. All annuals. Row crops and grain crops, orchards, vineyards, and vegetable gardens are being littered everywhere. Sometimes they form entire thickets. Plants from the genus Mari are often called quinoa.

People say, “Quinoa is a disaster for crops,” since this plant is the most common garden weed. There are sayings about this in Dahl's dictionary. For example, this one: “We sowed rye, but we are mowing quinoa.” Indeed, it is rare to find a vegetable garden where among the beds there is not at least one bush of quinoa or its closest relative, mari.

The popular name for quinoa - goose's foot - corresponds to its appearance, since the outline of the leaves really resembles a goose's foot. In past times, quinoa was pressed, dried in rows, then threshed. This is how they stocked up on seeds that are very similar to poppy seeds. The ground meat was steamed, dried, ground and only then added to flour. Although the plant is considered an evil weed, its benefits in the household are considerable. Thus, quinoa is used to feed livestock; its tender spring shoots can be added to salads to enrich them with vitamins. The plant can be classified as a honey plant, since in the summer it helps bees by “feeding” them throughout the period of pollen deficiency (after the spring honey plants fade and before the summer ones bloom).

Quinoa seedlings appear throughout the summer. In the soil, especially in a weedy area, there are several thousand seeds per square meter, and every second seed turns out to be a quinoa seed.

Quinoa seeds have a fairly long shelf life; they can lie in the ground for 5-6 years without losing their viability. In water, quinoa seeds remain alive for 32 months, as their shell is waterproof. The fertility of quinoa is enormous - up to 100 thousand seeds from one plant.

Quinoa (Atriplex patula L.)

Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flowers are collected in dense spike-shaped inflorescences. The pistillate flowers are enclosed in rhombic or ovate-rhombic bracts, mostly spear-shaped, sharp, usually with few teeth.
Leaves: Leaves are alternate (except for the lowest ones), petiolate, entire or serrated, from unequally rhombic or lance-shaped, hanging down and usually oriented with the edge towards the middle part of the stem, to lanceolate, obliquely directed upward on the branches and top of the plant. All leaves are green, one color on both sides.
Height: up to 90 cm.
Stem: Stem straight, branched.
Blooms from July to September, bears fruit from August.
Lifespan: Annual plant.
Habitat: It grows along roads, wastelands, weed thickets, river banks, like a weed in gardens and fields.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, except the Far North, North Africa, the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia, North America. In Russia it grows throughout almost the entire territory of the European part, in the North Caucasus and Siberia. In Central Russia it is common in all areas.
Addition: Propagated by seeds; one plant can produce up to 6,000 seeds. In crops it occurs in the form of a specialized form with a low stem (no higher than 10 cm) and outstretched branches up to 40 cm long, which are not captured by the machine when mowing.

Coastal quinoa (Atriplex littoralis L.)

Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flowers are collected in intermittent axillary spikes, often forming in turn paniculate inflorescences. The pistillate flowers are enclosed in two free, ovate-rhombic, finely toothed or almost entire bracts, almost to the base, 3-6 mm long, turning black.
Leaves: Leaves linear-lanceolate (entire) or lanceolate (sometimes notched-toothed).
Height: up to 75 cm.
Stem: The stem is straight, with alternate branches facing upward (except for the lower ones - opposite and ascending), strongly branched from the base.
Flowering and fruiting time:
Lifespan: Annual plant.
Habitat: Coastal quinoa grows on the coasts of water bodies (especially lakes and reservoirs), along river cliffs, on saline soils and damp places.
Prevalence: Distributed in the Black Sea region, Asia Minor and Central Asia, Iran, and northwestern China. In Russia it is found in the southern half of the European part and in the Ciscaucasia. In Central Russia it grows in the chernozem belt in steppe and semi-desert regions; it is also known to the north as an alien plant.
Addition: In Transcaucasia it forms the basis of food for wintering mallard ducks.

Quinoa (Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst.et Kit.)

Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flowers in spike-shaped inflorescences, collectively forming a pyramidal panicle. Pistillate flowers with ovate or ovate-rhombic entire bracts, free almost to the base.
Leaves: Lower leaves are opposite, ovate, b. m. jagged, quickly dying; the upper ones are alternate, narrow, pulled together into a short petiole, pointed, entire or with sparse teeth, with edges narrowly turned back, less often almost sagittal, b.m. silvery from a “mealy” coating.
Height: 15-90(120) cm.
Stem: The stem is simple or branched, with upward directed lateral branches, strong, whitish-powdery at the top.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from July to September, bears fruit from August.
Lifespan: Annual plant.
Habitat: Quinoa oblongifolia grows along river banks, cliffs, slopes, saline steppes, and enters crops.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe (on the East European Plain - only in the southern half), North Africa, the Caucasus, Western and Central Asia. In Russia it is found in the chernozem regions of the European part and in the Ciscaucasia. In Central Russia it grows mainly in the black earth zone; to the north it is a rare plant.

Quinoa (Atriplex hastata L.)

Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flower glomeruli are collected in a spicate-paniculate inflorescence. The pistillate flowers are enclosed in two free sharp-triangular bracts almost to the base, which (though rarely) have 1-3 small denticles.
Leaves: All leaves or only the lower ones are opposite, from triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate, green, less often silvery, sometimes succulent.
Height: 20-100 cm.
Stem: Stem straight or ascending, with outstretched lower opposite branches.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from July to September, bears fruit from August.
Lifespan: Annual plant.
Habitat: Quinoa spearifolia grows on cliffs, slopes, along the banks of reservoirs, on roadsides and weedy (especially in cities) places, preferring slightly saline soils.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, North Africa, the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia, Iran, northwestern China, and Mongolia. In Russia it grows throughout the European part (except for the far north), in the North Caucasus and Siberia. In Central Russia it is found in all regions, but most often in the southern half.

Arrowhead or glossy quinoa (Atriplex sagittata Borkh.)

Description of appearance:
Flowers: The flowers are collected in spike-shaped inflorescences, which together form a pyramidal panicle. There are two types of pistillate flowers: with a five-membered (or three-membered) perianth without bracts (there are fewer such flowers) and without a perianth, enclosed in two round-oval, entire naked bracts.
Leaves: Lower leaves are opposite, upper leaves are alternate, all petiolate, from triangular-ovate to lanceolate, coarsely notched-toothed, less often entire, green above, with a whitish powdery coating below.
Height: 60-150 cm.
Stem: With a simple or branched stem.
Seeds: The seeds of different flower forms are different: in the first - horizontal, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, convex, black, shiny, with a pericarp densely covered with short papillae; in the second - vertical, flat, matte, olive-brown, 3-4 mm in diameter.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in July-September, bears fruit in August.
Lifespan: Annual plant.
Habitat: Arrow-leaved quinoa grows along the banks of reservoirs, clay slopes, in weed thickets, in vegetable gardens, and enters crops.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, except for the extreme northern regions, in the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia, Iran, and northwestern China. In Russia, it is found in the European part (the northern border of distribution runs approximately along the southern border of the taiga), in the Ciscaucasia and in the south of Western Siberia. In Central Russia it is known in all regions, but is more common in the black earth zone.
Addition: It is spread by seeds, which are carried by the wind along with the bracts. Mainly in the non-chernozem zone, a similar European species is occasionally found - Quinoa (Atriplex hortensis L.), differing from quinoa with glossy green leaves on both sides without a powdery coating, usually growing in vegetable gardens, orchards, in weedy places and extending into salt marshes.

Tatarian quinoa (Atriplex tatarica L.)

Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flowers in leafless terminal spike-shaped inflorescences. The pistillate flowers are enclosed in rhombic-arrow-shaped or three-lobed bracts fused up to half, the upper teeth of which are sometimes almost three times longer than the lateral ones.
Leaves: Leaves are petiolate, silvery-mealy, triangular-ovate or oblong-ovate, notched-toothed or lobed, the upper ones are often lanceolate.
Height: up to 100 cm.
Stem: With a straight or ascending branched stem.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms from July to October, bears fruit from August.
Lifespan: Annual plant.
Habitat: Tatarian quinoa is a common southern ruderal plant, found along roads, near housing, on pastures, and also on salt marshes.
Prevalence: Distributed in the southern half of Western and Central Europe, in Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Mongolia, and India. In Russia it grows in the European part, mainly in the chernozem regions, in the Ciscaucasia and in the south of Western Siberia. In Central Russia it is not uncommon in the south; in the non-chernozem zone it is known only as an alien plant.
Addition: In the chernozem regions of the European part, and as an alien species occasionally in the non-chernozem zone, the European Pink quinoa (Atriplex rosea L.)- an annual plant up to 90 cm high, with a whitish-powdery coating. The leaves are ovate or rhombic, notched-coarsely toothed.

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QUONA TATAR - Atnplex littoralis L. Quinoa Tatar is an annual herbaceous plant 10-100 cm high. The stem is straight or ascending, branched. All leaves are alternate, triangular-ovate or oblong-ovate, notched-toothed, sometimes almost three-lobed, often hairy along the edge, silvery powdery on both sides or only below. The glomeruli, consisting of male flowers, are collected in dense, leafy spikes only in the lower part; female flowers in small numbers in the leaf axils. The bracts are fused to the middle, rhombic-arrow-shaped. Blooms in late summer. Distributed in Ukraine, Crimea, Belarus, in the European part of Russia (all regions except Karelo-Murmansk, Dvina-Pechora, Ladoga-Ilmensky), in Western Siberia (in the south of the Ob, Upper Tobolsk, Irtysh, southwest Altai regions), in Moldova, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. It grows on salt marshes along the banks of rivers, canals, irrigation ditches, on saline meadows, rocky slopes, as well as in waste areas, up to an altitude of 4500 m above sea level, forming thickets. The plant contains alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids 0.48-0.5%. Saponins were found in the seeds. In Turkmenistan, a decoction of the leaves is used for jaundice as a diuretic. A decoction of the seeds has a diuretic and emetic effect. The leaves are suitable for marinades, cabbage soup, vegetable dishes, and pickling. Perganos. 20 g of dry crushed leaves per 200 ml of water, boil over low heat for 3-4 minutes, leave for 2 hours, strain. Take 1-2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day for jaundice, as a diuretic. FLAX Family Linum austriacum - Linaceae S. F. Gray. Austrian flax is a perennial herbaceous plant 10-70 cm high. Short, leafy, sterile shoots are developed at the base of the plant. Fruiting shoots are straight, branched at the top. Stem leaves are sessile, linear, acute, up to 1 cm in length. The inflorescence is paniculate, the flowers are five-membered. The sepals are sharp with a filmy edge, the petals are blue. The fruit is a capsule on strongly deflected, drooping pedicels. Grows in Ukraine (Carpathians, Dnieper region), in Crimea, in the European part of Russia (Volga-Don, Black Sea, Lower Volga regions), in Western Siberia (Upper Tobolsk, Irtysh regions), in Moldova, in the Caucasus (all regions), in Central Asia (northeast of the Aral-Caspian region). General distribution: Southern and Central Europe, Asia Minor, Iran. Grows in groups or scatteredly in grass or meadows, in steppes, on rocky, clayey, grassy slopes, forest clearings, edges, pebbles, among bushes, on chalk outcrops, on steppe and steppe slopes, along the edges of roads and fields, in gardens, vineyards, less often as a weed in crops. In the morning hours it often determines the blue aspect of the community, later the flowers close. It grows on chernozems and fertile meadow soils, as well as on clay and gravelly soils, and limestone slopes. The seeds are used for medicinal purposes. The plant contains essential oil, vitamins C, D, fatty oil, and contains 55% linoleic acid. Alkaloids, vitamin C, E, P, and carotene were found in the aerial part. The seeds contain fatty oil 21.3-38.5%. The seeds have enveloping, emollient, anti-inflammatory properties and are used for dysmenorrhea, gonorrhea, colitis and enterocolitis, accompanied by diarrhea, externally in the form of powdered cake for poultices. Decorative plant. The stem of the plant contains fiber suitable for making twine. In cultivation, Austrian flax fiber improves its properties and approaches low-quality fiber flax varieties. 1 teaspoon of Austrian flax seeds per 1 glass of water, cook over low heat for 4-5 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain. Add boiled water to the original volume. Take 2 tablespoons 3 times a day before meals.

Many of us have heard the name of the herbquinoa, but not everyone knows what kind of plant this is. Quinoa can be an annual or perennial shrub, subshrub or herb. The number of quinoa species is more than 100. The height of the plant varies from 20 cm to 1.8 m, the shoots are thick or thin depending on the species. The leaf blades are solid, elongated, arranged alternately. Grass can be red, yellow, or green. The trunk and leaves are covered with silver-colored fibers. Quinoa is a monoecious plant, i.e. male and female flowers are located on the same plant. The black seeds are located in bracts.

Did you know? Quinoa has edible species. The most popular type of garden quinoa in cooking.

In most cases, quinoa is a weed. Habitat: wastelands, ravines, fields, vegetable gardens, coastlines. The grass not only grows wild, but is also grown as a cultivated plant. Quinoa is distributed throughout the globe. Australia and the USA have the largest number of plant species suitable for use in gastronomy. Dry quinoa grass is used in cooking as a seasoning or in gardening as a nitrogen-rich fertilizer. Green leaves are used to make cutlets, soups, salads, and pancakes.

Important! Young shoots and leaves contain protein, rutin, vitamins C and PP, and minerals.

Due to its saturation with beneficial substances, quinoa has found wide use in folk healing.

Garden quinoa is an annual herb with an erect, faceted, branched trunk ranging from 60 to 180 cm in height. The leaves are different in shape, elongated, with whole or jagged edges, thin, with a sour taste. The color of the leaves can be emerald or red-burgundy. The lower part of the leaf blade has a milky tint. Small green or red flowers form paniculate or spikelet inflorescences. The seeds are black or brown-olive in color. Flowering occurs in June – August. Garden quinoa is native to Central Europe. Garden quinoa is grown as a vegetable or ornamental plant. As a weed, it is distributed everywhere. The leaves and stems of grass that have not yet bloomed contain many useful nutrients.

Wild quinoa is an annual plant, with a height of 3 to 70 centimeters. The quinoa trunk can be either erect or creeping, branched from the base. The shoots are horizontal or directed upward. Long branches are covered with a filmy coating. The leaves are elongated or triangular, ovoid, with jagged edges, covered with a ragged peeling film. The color of the leaves is gray-green, sometimes changing to red. The flowers form few-flowered balls, which are located in the leaf axils. Few-flowered balls form spicate-paniculate inflorescences. You can see what wild quinoa looks like in the photo below.

Did you know? The salt absorbed by the plant from the soil accumulates in the leaf blades, so the grass can be used to cleanse the soil of excess salts.

Tatarian quinoa is an annual plant that grows from 10 cm to one meter. The grass trunk can be either erect or recumbent. The leaves are elongated, oval, narrow, with jagged edges. The tips of the leaves are sharp, the leaf blade is covered with villi. You can see what Tatar quinoa looks like in the photo below. Flowering – June – October. Flowers form spikelet inflorescences, the lower part of which is bordered by foliage. The seeds are round, brown in color, shiny. The plant is a weed, but it is used as food and feed. Natural habitat - steppe, vineyards, vegetable gardens.

Common quinoa is an annual herb with a height of 20 to 60 cm. The stem of the plant is creeping and by the end of summer changes its color from green to red. The leaves are triangular or oval, with or without jagged edges. Flowering period – July – August. Small green flowers form small-flowered balls. Female flowers have no perianth.

Spear-shaped quinoa is an annual plant. The grass reaches a height of 20-100 cm. The trunk is bare and branched. The leaves are horizontally spaced, uniform below and above, green or silvery-mealy in color. The leaves are attached to the stem opposite to each other. The shape of the leaf can be triangular-spear-shaped, lanceolate with serrations or lobes directed upward. The flowers are collected in small balls, which, in turn, form intermittent spicate-paniculate inflorescences. The seeds are vertical and ripen in September. Flowering period – June – August. Spear-shaped quinoa is used in cooking, fresh, boiled, pickled, or pickled.

Important! The seeds of some types of quinoa, when eaten, can cause hallucinations.

Quinoa elongata is a plant that reaches a height of 20-110 cm. The leaves of the plant are green, narrow, triangular-oblong, elliptical or oval in shape. Green flowers form small clusters of inflorescences. Flowering period – June – July.

Coastal quinoa grows up to 70 cm. The trunk is bare, erect, branched with shoots directed upward. The leaves are green, oval or linear-oval, narrowed towards the base. The tips of the leaves are sharp, the edges are smooth, rarely jagged. The flowers form elongated spikelet inflorescences, which in turn form paniculate inflorescences. Flowering period – July – August. The seeds are brown, bare, flattened. Coastal quinoa is eaten as a substitute for spinach. It’s easy to guess from the name where coastal quinoa grows. Habitat: sea sandy shores.

Spreading quinoa has the following description. The height of the grass is 30-150 cm. The trunk is erect, faceted, branched. Quinoa is an annual plant. The root system is taproot. The lower row of leaves is unevenly rhombic or spear-shaped. The leaves, located alternately on the stems, are attached with the help of petioles, with smooth or jagged sides, elongated, green in color. The leaves of the branches are oval, narrowed, looking upward. Green flowers form spikelet inflorescences. Flowering period – June – July. The seeds are small, flattened, black in color. Spreading quinoa is not only a forage plant, but also a food plant.

is one of the plants of the family called goosefoot, in Latin the name of this plant will be as follows: Atriplex tatarica L. As for the name of the Tatarian quinoa family itself, in Latin it will be like this: Chenopodiaceae Vent.

Description of Tatarian quinoa

Quinoa Tatarian is an annual herbaceous plant, the height of which will fluctuate between ten and one hundred centimeters. The stem of this plant can be either straight or ascending, and is also branched. All leaves of Tatarian quinoa will be notched-toothed, alternate, they can be either oblong-ovate or triangular-ovate. Such leaves can sometimes be almost three-lobed, often along the very edge they are hairy, on both sides or only on the bottom they will be silvery-powdery. The glomeruli of quinoa tartare consist of male flowers and they are collected in dense ears, which will be leafy only in the lower part. The female flowers of this plant are collected in small numbers in the axils of the leaves. The bracts of Tatarian quinoa will be fused and rhombic-arrow-shaped up to the middle. This plant blooms at the end of summer.
Under natural conditions, this plant is found in the Crimea, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Central Asia, the Caucasus, in the south of the Obsky, Irtysh, Verkhnetobolsky and southwestern Altai regions of Western Siberia, as well as in the European part of Russia, with the exception of only the Ladoga region. Ilmensky, Karelo-Murmansky and Dvinsko-Pechora districts. To grow, this plant prefers the banks of rivers, ditches, canals, salt marshes, solonets meadows, garbage areas, rocky slopes, thus forming thickets.

Description of the medicinal properties of Tatarian quinoa

Tatarian quinoa is endowed with very valuable healing properties, and it is recommended to use the grass and seeds of this plant for medicinal purposes. The term herb includes the flowers, stems and seeds of Quinoa Tartarian.
The presence of such valuable healing properties should be explained by the content of coumarins, alkaloids and flavonoids in the composition of quinoa, while the seeds contain saponins.
As for Turkmenistan, a decoction prepared from the leaves of Tatarian quinoa is quite widespread here. This remedy is used for jaundice and as a very effective diuretic. A decoction of the seeds of this plant has an emetic and diuretic effect. It should be noted that the leaves of Tatarian quinoa can be used for preparing necks, various vegetable dishes, marinades, and also for pickling.
For jaundice and as a diuretic, it is recommended to use the following remedy based on Tatarian quinoa: to prepare such a healing remedy, it is recommended to take twenty grams of dry crushed leaves of this plant per two hundred milliliters of water. The resulting mixture should be boiled over fairly low heat for about three to four minutes, after which this mixture is left to infuse for about two hours, and then this healing mixture based on Tatarian quinoa should be very carefully filtered. Take the resulting healing remedy based on Tatarian quinoa about three to four times a day, one to two tablespoons. It is important to remember that in order to ensure the greatest effectiveness when taking a medicinal product based on Tatarian quinoa, it is recommended not only to strictly follow all the rules for preparing such a medicinal product, but also to carefully follow all the rules for taking this remedy based on Tatarian quinoa.