Modern health-preserving technologies at dhow. The use of health-saving technologies in the educational process of the kindergarten

The beginning of the emergence of the idea of ​​health preservation should be considered the 5th - 2nd century BC, when valeotugenaria appeared in Ancient Rome, responsible for the health and performance of slaves. During the same period, Greek scientists substantiated the importance of hardening, exercise and a healthy lifestyle.

The idea of ​​health preservation in pedagogy was first put forward by Plato, and subsequent generations of scientists developed it. Thus, Aristotle expressed the idea of ​​conformity to nature, which was developed by Ya.A. Comenius. His principle of conformity to nature is that man, being a part of nature, obeys, as a particle of nature, its universal laws. J.J. Rousseau considers conformity to nature as following the nature of the child, as helping his nature.

In the second half of the XIX - early XX century, the idea of ​​"pedagogizing the environment" arose (PP Blonsky, PF Lesgaft, MM Pistrak, ST Shatsky), in which the child would be given the opportunity of free physical and mental development.

The main task of L.S. Vygotsky considered the provision of conditions for the development of the internal forces and capabilities of the child. D.N. Uznadze especially emphasized the importance of the teacher's personality in teaching. In his concept of the so-called "tragedy of education", he pays special attention to the issue of studying the relationship established between the teacher and the child. Analyzing the nature of these relations, the author focuses on the need to search for a humanistic approach to the child and the corresponding psychological basis for building the educational process.

One of the key directions of the health-preserving concept is the organization of the process of preserving and forming health, which includes social, medical, pedagogical and a number of other aspects.

Preserving and strengthening the health of children is one of the main strategic tasks of the country's development. It is regulated and provided by such regulatory and legal documents as the laws of the Russian Federation "On Education" (Article 51), "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population", as well as by decrees of the President of Russia "On urgent measures to ensure the health of the population of the Russian Federation", " On the approval of the main directions of state social policy to improve the situation of children in the Russian Federation "and others. The listed documents are designed to help achieve certain results of stabilization in preschool institutions, a qualitative improvement in children's health.

The reasons for this are the high morbidity of children, the increase in the number of obese children. The Concept for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation notes that 85% of these children are potentially sick with cardiovascular diseases. Quite a lot of children in need of psychocorrection are characterized by serious psychological distress. The overwhelming majority of preschool children already suffer from movement deficit and lack of hardenedness. "The actual task of physical education, says the Concept, is the search for effective means of improving the development of the motor sphere of preschool children on the basis of the formation of their need for movement." Since physical health forms an inextricable unity with mental health and emotional well-being, the ways to achieve it cannot be reduced to narrow medical and narrow pedagogical activities. The entire organization of the child's life in a preschool educational institution should have a health-improving orientation. The implementation of the most important provisions of the Concept related to the protection and strengthening of the health of children has intensified the search for new technologies for physical culture and health improvement work, assessing the state of health and physical development of children.

The efforts of preschool educational institutions today are more than ever aimed at improving the health of a preschooler, cultivating a healthy lifestyle. It is no coincidence that these tasks are the priority in the program for the modernization of Russian education. Health-preserving technologies, without which the pedagogical process of a modern kindergarten is unthinkable, are becoming one of the means for solving the indicated tasks. But what health-preserving technologies are in the pedagogical process of a preschool educational institution and what should be considered them is still a mystery for a wide range of professional and pedagogical audiences and even for those who confidently use these technologies in their practice. Let's try to understand the concepts.

Health Is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or physical defects (WHO). Table 1.

The health-preserving pedagogical process of a preschool educational institution - in the broad sense of the word - is the process of upbringing and teaching preschool children in the mode of health preservation and health enrichment; a process aimed at ensuring the physical, mental and social well-being of the child. Health preservation and health enrichment are the most important conditions for organizing the pedagogical process in a preschool educational institution.

In a narrower sense of the word, it is a specially organized, developing in time and within the framework of a certain educational system, the interaction of children and teachers, aimed at achieving the goals of health preservation and health enrichment in the course of education, upbringing and training.

Technology- This is a tool for the professional activity of a teacher, respectively characterized by a high-quality adjective pedagogical. The essence of pedagogical technology lies in the fact that it has a pronounced staging (step by step), includes a set of certain professional actions at each stage, allowing the teacher to foresee the intermediate and final results of his own professional pedagogical activity during the design process. Pedagogical technology is distinguished by: concreteness and clarity of goals and objectives; the presence of stages: primary diagnosis; selection of content, forms, methods and techniques for its implementation; the use of a set of means in a certain logic with the organization of intermediate diagnostics of the achievement of the goal, criteria-based assessment of the results.

The most important characteristic of pedagogical technology is its reproducibility. Any pedagogical technology should be health-preserving!

Health preservation principles.

- "Do no harm!"- all applied methods, techniques, means used must be justified, tested in practice, not harmful to health.

- Continuity and continuity - work is done not from time to time, but every day and at every lesson.

- Conformity of content and organization training and education of the age and individual characteristics of the child.

- An integrated, interdisciplinary approach- unity in the actions of a teacher, psychologist and doctors.

Health-saving technologies in preschool education technologies aimed at solving the priority task of modern preschool education - the task of preserving, maintaining and enriching the health of subjects of the pedagogical process in kindergarten: children, teachers and parents. Target health-saving technologies in preschool education in relation to a child - ensuring a high level of real health for a kindergarten pupil and fostering valeological culture as a combination of a child's conscious attitude to human health and life, knowledge about health and the ability to protect, maintain and protect it, valeological competence, which allows a preschooler to independently and effectively solve the problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior, problems associated with the provision of elementary medical, psychological self-help and assistance. With regard to adults - assistance in the formation of a culture of health, including the culture of professional "health of preschool educators and valeological education of parents.

Types of health-saving technologies in preschool education - classification of health-preserving technologies according to the dominance of goals and tasks to be solved, as well as the leading means of health preservation and health-enrichment of subjects of the pedagogical process in kindergarten.

In this regard, the following types of health-saving technologies in preschool education can be distinguished:

Medical and prophylactic;

Physical culture and health;

Health-saving educational technologies in kindergarten;

Technologies for ensuring the social and psychological well-being of the child;

Health preservation and health enrichment of preschool teachers;

Valeological education of parents.

Medical and preventive technologies in preschool education technologies that ensure the preservation and enhancement of children's health under the guidance of medical personnel of the preschool educational institution in accordance with medical requirements and standards, using medical equipment.

These include the following technologies:

Organization of monitoring of the health of preschoolers and the development of recommendations for optimizing children's health;

Organization and control of nutrition for children of early and preschool age;

Organization and control of the physical development of preschoolers, hardening;

Organization of preventive measures in kindergarten;

Organization of control and assistance in meeting the requirements of SanPiNs;

Organization of a health-preserving environment in a preschool educational institution.

Today, doctors are not able to cope with the problems of deteriorating health, therefore, the question arises of preventive work, the formation of a conscious attitude to health and a healthy lifestyle (HLS). Propedeutic work in this direction falls on the shoulders of teachers.

Physical culture and health technologies in preschool education - technologies aimed at the physical development and strengthening of the child's health: the development of physical qualities, physical activity and the formation of physical culture of preschoolers, hardening, breathing exercises, massage and self-massage, prevention of flat feet and the formation of correct posture, recreational procedures in the aquatic environment (pool) and on simulators , education of the habit of daily physical activity and health care, etc. The implementation of these technologies, as a rule, is carried out by specialists in physical education and preschool educational institutions in the conditions of specially organized forms of health related work. Certain techniques of these technologies are widely used by preschool teachers in various forms of organizing the pedagogical process: in the classroom and for walks, at regular moments and in the free activities of children, in the course of pedagogical interaction between an adult and a child, etc.

Health-saving educational technologies in kindergarten- this is, first of all, technologies for the education of valeological culture or the culture of health of preschoolers. The purpose of these technologies is the formation of a child's conscious attitude to human health and life, the accumulation of knowledge about health and the development of the ability to protect, maintain and preserve it, the acquisition of valeological competence, which allows the preschooler to independently and effectively solve the problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior, tasks related to providing basic medical, psychological self-help and assistance. In preschool pedagogy, the most significant types of technologies include the technologies of student-centered education and training of preschoolers. The leading principle of such technologies is accounting personality traits child, the individual logic of his development, taking into account children's interests and preferences in the content and types of activities in the course of education and training. Building the pedagogical process with a focus on the personality of the child naturally contributes to his prosperous existence, and therefore health.

The choice of health-preserving pedagogical technologies depends on the program according to which the teachers work, the specific conditions of the preschool educational institution (preschool educational institution), the professional competence of teachers, as well as indications of the morbidity of children.

The physical and mental health of the "little man" is the most important topic that attracts close attention of both parents and teachers. The child spends most of the day in the kindergarten, therefore, the preschool organization is largely responsible for maintaining and strengthening his health. A healthy child, full of strength and energy, enthusiastically joins the game, developing activities, he is active and cheerful, therefore the topic of using methodological developments and technologies that ensure the safety of children's health is regarded as the most important in modern preschool education. Below we will tell you what health-saving technologies are and how to apply them correctly in a preschool educational institution in accordance with the rules of the Federal State Educational Standard.

What is it and how to apply in a preschool educational institution

Gymnastics and physical exercises should firmly enter the daily routine of everyone who values ​​efficiency, health, and a fulfilling and joyful life.

Hippocrates

Targets and goals

Health-saving technologies are a tool for the implementation of preventive measures aimed at saving, maintaining and enriching the health resource of pupils of preschool educational organizations.

The "scientific father" of the concept itself was Professor, Candidate of Medical Sciences N.K. Smirnov, in his opinion, it includes a set of interrelated measures, a set of pedagogical techniques that solve the problem of saving and increasing the potential of the physical and mental health of children and teachers.

The efforts of preschool educational institutions today are aimed at improving the health of a preschooler, cultivating a healthy lifestyle

The formation of the habit of a competent and caring attitude to one's own body, respect for a healthy lifestyle begins from early childhood. The stage of preschool childhood in the physiological and psychosomatic development of a child is decisive in the formation of the foundations of health for the perspective of a person's entire life. At present, according to information from the health care system, alarming are the statistical indicators that indicate the problem of a decrease in the quality indicators of children's health. According to the results of medical examinations, only 50% of older preschoolers aged 6–7 years can be considered healthy, the rest were found to have various congenital or acquired disorders. Today, the search for effective measures to improve health-improving methods in kindergarten is especially significant.

The goal is to maintain health and improve the motor capabilities of pupils, taking into account individual needs and abilities, the formation of responsibility for their health in children, parents, educators.

Tasks:

• create conditions for the physical and mental well-being of pupils and the teaching staff;
• in an accessible form, lay the basic knowledge about the benefits of physical education, the need to comply with hygienic rules;
• develop motor skills and physical abilities of children;
• to form theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the basics of life safety;
• to support the family in its desire to preserve the health of the child and instill in him a culture of a healthy lifestyle.

Funny costume hygiene lessons can be played in a playful way with the participation of fairy-tale characters and vivid images

Views

The main groups of measures to preserve health:

1. Medical-prophylactic - aimed at preserving the health of pupils with the direct participation of the administration of the kindergarten and a team of medical workers, guided by medical standards and using medical devices.

Practical measures:

• Monitoring of children's health by a polyclinic doctor and nurse of a kindergarten and preparation of recommendations for teachers and parents.
• Control of the level of physical development, which is carried out by the head, senior educator and medical worker.
• Organization and control of full three meals a day. The material and technical conditions of the catering unit must comply with SanPin 2.4.13049-13 (section XIII), the administration of the kindergarten and the nurse are responsible for approving the nutrition file and creating conditions, the head nurse is responsible for quality control and adherence to the menu.
• Promotion and dissemination of health-improving techniques in educational institutions. This area of ​​work includes the creation of special information stands, folders for parents, for example, "Problems of correct posture in children", "Movement is life", organization of a lecture hall for parents and teachers. Practical exercises will be relevant, for example, on the problem of flat feet or improper posture with a demonstration of a set of health-improving exercises.
• Design and creation of a special environment conducive to taking care of health, that is, a sports ground, a gym for physical education, special corners in groups.
• Organization of work in accordance with the hygienic standards of SanPiN - comfortable temperature and fresh air, sufficient level of lighting for the group. The administration of the preschool institution and the medical worker are responsible for compliance with the standards, the sanitary station carries out control.

The group's sports corner should be equipped with stands and folders with information about different sports, rules of safe behavior on the roads

2. Physical culture and health - based on the natural properties of the child's physical activity, strive to improve the qualitative characteristics of physical data, develop the skills of taking care of health and the formation of physical culture of children.

Practical measures:

• Wellness treatments for hardening, water treatments and air baths (sleep, walks). Hardening, undoubtedly, is one of the most effective health-improving methods, but it is important to adhere to the basic rules of its implementation: gradual, systematic, taking into account medical indications, the child's individual susceptibility to the procedure, for example, if the baby experiences a psychological barrier before dousing with cold water, then you should not speed up the events.
• Solar treatments (only in the morning and afternoon), which help to strengthen the immune system, improve sleep and appetite.
• Prevention of flat feet and incorrect posture.
• Exercises in breathing exercises and gymnastics for the eyes.
• Study of massage and self-massage techniques.
• Organization and holding of health days and sports events, for example, "Mom, Dad, I am a healthy family."

Only those who are at least 4 years old are taken to the street. Indoor douches last at least a year

3. Methodological complex of social self-realization and psychological comfort of the child - ensures the mental health of the pupil. The main goal of these methods of work is to create a positive mood of emotional well-being and harmonious psychological well-being of the child in a situation of communication with peers and adults. A psychologist implements these technologies in cooperation with a team of educators.

Practical measures:

• Creating conditions for relaxation, the teacher should pay attention in time to the arising overstrain and fatigue in children and devote a few minutes to relieve mental and emotional stress with the help of physical education.
• Non-standard activities, the introduction of pedagogical techniques using role-playing and didactic games, which will make the process of cognition and development fun.
• Psychological support of the child during the adaptation period and explanatory work with parents about their correct behavior, which minimizes the emotional trauma associated with the beginning of a new stage in the child's life.
• The work of the counseling psychological service to help children and parents, which includes conducting psychological testing to determine the level of the child's intellectual and psycho-emotional development and identifying features that parents should know about and take them into account in their communication with the child. In addition, the psychologist, if necessary, develops a set of corrective measures personally for the child and implements them in cooperation with the child's family.

A psychological relief corner is a space organized in a special way. This is a whole world in which every child feels calm, comfortable and safe.

4. Careful attitude to the health potential of the teaching staff of the school - the development of a health professional culture and the popularization of the worldview of a healthy lifestyle. The administration, a psychologist and a head nurse are responsible for the implementation of this direction.

Practical measures:

• Workshops to familiarize yourself with the methods of neutralizing the negative consequences of nervous overload.
• Master classes in valeology and pharmacology.
• Organization of work of health clubs at a preschool institution.
• Using the methods of aromatherapy, art therapy to create a favorable emotional atmosphere and relieve psychological and physical stress, as well as herbal medicine methods for the prevention of infectious diseases.

Organizational aspects of work on health preservation, organization of a special environment

The efforts of the pedagogical staff of the kindergarten and medical workers, aimed at caring for the health of their pupils, are based on the data of a diagnostic study. The results are recorded in the personal development chart of the baby, and in the future, these data determine the direction and acceptable forms of work with the child. It is desirable that each group has its own health notebook, where the results of the work, analyzed at a joint meeting of teachers and doctors, are recorded.

The nurse, along with the administration, is responsible for the health and physical development of children, the implementation of medical and preventive measures, the observance of sanitary and hygienic standards and regimen

Monitoring of the health and physical condition of pupils is carried out by:

• head of a preschool educational organization;
• senior educator;
• nurse;
• doctor of the polyclinic, which includes the kindergarten at the location.

All the results of the diagnostic study are compulsorily entered into the log of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions for preschool workers and parents. The diagnostic stage may include questioning parents, for example, on the following topic: "The role of physical culture in the life of your family" in order to popularize interesting experiences, as well as identify problems and establish their causes. The specification of such information will make it possible to develop an effective strategy, to clarify the immediate tasks of comprehensive work with families of children.

To create full-fledged conditions for the implementation of the policy of health preservation of children, the most important task is to organize a special environment that will, on the one hand, increase the motor activity of babies, and, on the other hand, will allow to connect the relaxation and rest mode in time.

The playground must be part of the play area. It usually contains balls of different sizes, slides for walking, fitness mats.

The motor developmental environment includes:

• A gym equipped with the necessary equipment (mini-complex, slide) and sports equipment that will enhance the effectiveness of classes, develop a sports character, and increase interest in outdoor games and physical exercises.
• The sports ground, which includes a treadmill, a pit with sand for jumping, an obstacle course, will create the material and technical conditions for conducting outdoor activities with children.
• Dynamic corners in groups, which are a combination of different tracks and gymnastic modules, equipped with safety mats for injury prevention. A variety of "pigtails", arcs, hoops will help develop flexibility, strengthen the muscles of the back, improve plastic skills, in addition, relieve psychological stress from mental activities.
• Small handy simulators, some of which are the fruit of the creativity and ingenuity of teachers, will work towards the prevention of flat feet and the development of fine motor skills. Such benefits should be made available to children.
• The corners of solitude and tranquility will create a comfortable environment for the baby, conducive to contemplation, relaxation on soft rugs, telephone intimate conversation with mom, if you suddenly feel lonely.
• A psychologist's office, where a professional conducts trainings and classes with children that will help the child master his emotions, minimize spontaneous reactions, and keep his behavior under control.
• A medical office equipped with special physiotherapy equipment (quartz lamps, inhalers) for health procedures aimed at preventing colds, infectious diseases and strengthening the immunity of children.

Physiotherapy exercises allows you to have a general strengthening effect on the child's body, to carry out timely correction of the existing pathological process

List of literature to help the teacher:

1. Akhutina T.V. Health-saving learning technologies: an individual-oriented approach. School of Health. 2000.
2. V. I. Kovalko Health-saving technologies. - M .: VAKO, 2007.
3. Health-saving technologies in secondary schools: analysis methodology, forms, methods, application experience. / Ed. MM. Bezrukikh, V.D. Sonkina. - M., 2002.
4. Sukharev A.G. The concept of strengthening the health of the child and adolescent population of Russia.
5. The use of health-saving pedagogical technologies in preschool educational institutions / A.M. Sivtsova // Methodist. - 2007.
6. Smirnov N.K. Health-saving educational technologies in the work of a teacher.

The use of health-saving technologies in kindergarten according to the Federal State Educational Standard

1. Preventive and health-improving technologies.

V.F. Bazarny

Practical methods for resolving health problems in a preschool educational organization include technologies proposed by Vladimir Filippovich Bazarny, Doctor of Medical Sciences, who arguably proved in his research that the existing system of education and development of children ignores the nature of the child, which leads to the extinction of his vitality and activity. His author's method of maintaining health involves such innovations:

• Inclusion in the work of rhythmic alternation of dynamic and static poses. To solve the above problem, special height-measuring tables and desks with an inclined surface with an inclination angle of up to sixteen degrees on average are used, thus, the child has the opportunity to change the position of the body, standing at the desk or periodically sitting at the table, while maintaining comfortable conditions for modeling or drawing. The child himself determines the time period that he will spend at the table or at the desk, usually middle and senior preschool children can stand at the desk for no more than five minutes, gradually this time indicator increases. Such an unusual approach, which changes the traditionally static sitting postures of children during classes to a free motor mode, makes it possible to strengthen the muscular frame of the back, improve the posture of children, activate the work of the nervous system, and harmonize the cardiovascular system.
• The practice of "expanding the zone of visual perception." Work with clarity is organized with the help of a methodical cross suspension, on which, in a suspended position, the sensory-didactic material is located at a level that allows the child to reach it on tiptoe and remove the necessary card. Such a methodical invention is an effective prevention of myopia, since in order to complete an educational task, children must make numerous search movements with their eyes.
• In order to expand the space of visual activity of children, improve creative thinking and imagination, form a holistic picture of the world in the classroom, the wall panel "Ecological journey" is used, consisting of images of natural objects arranged according to the laws of perspective.
• In carrying out physical culture pauses, a simulator is used, consisting of an image of multi-colored trajectories, which children visually draw, combining head movements and eye movements. Children are eagerly looking for the painted "guests" of their group with their eyes, which in the form of bright images of the sun, clouds, flowers, rainbows or fairy-tale characters are placed on the ceiling or on the walls of the group's premises.
• Using massage mats on which children walk or stand in socks during class.
• Separate training of boys and girls, this approach is based on the belief that boys and girls have different ways of perceiving information and attitudes. In the conditions of mixed groups of ordinary kindergartens, play zones can be divided, respectively, toys that develop a female nature are selected for girls, and male toys for boys.

Video: kindergarten according to the system of Dr. V.F.Bazarny

Technological techniques

For different age groups, there is a focus and duration of physical education classes:

• It is important for younger preschoolers to teach basic safety techniques and competent insurance in case of a fall, develop orientation skills in space, and instill a taste for regular physical education. Morning exercises lasts 4-5 minutes, all exercises are shown by the teacher. Physical education classes are held twice a week for 20 minutes.
• For pupils of the middle group, exercises that develop physical strength and endurance will be relevant. The duration of morning exercises is increased to 7 minutes, physical education - three times a week for 20-25 minutes.
• Older preschoolers need to focus on improving their motor abilities, to stimulate the manifestation of independence. The morning wellness center lasts from 10 to 15 minutes in the preparatory group, the duration of physical education classes is 30 minutes three times a week.

Gymnastics in bed can include elements such as stretching, alternately and simultaneously raising and lowering arms and legs, self-massage elements, finger gymnastics, eye exercises, etc.

• Dynamic pauses - held for ten minutes during classes as children get tired. You can combine gymnastic exercises for the eyes, breathing, for training fine motor skills, depending on the demand for these particular exercises. The purpose of these exercises is to reduce mental and emotional stress and prevent overwork.
• Finger gymnastics - recommended in individual or group form every day, it is especially necessary to be carried out with children who have speech problems.
• Respiratory gymnastics (the technique of A.N. Strelnikova has proven itself well) is a system of rhythmic exercises, consisting of alternating phases of inhalation through the nose and exhalation through the mouth, with a mandatory pause after exhalation, is used as part of various forms of health procedures for all children. This kind of gymnastics is very important, since it helps to strengthen the respiratory muscles of the chest, and forms correct breathing. A necessary requirement is a well-ventilated room, it is desirable, before starting the exercise, to control the hygienic procedure for cleaning the nasal cavity.
• Gymnastics for the eyes - used for all children as a prevention of visual fatigue, relaxation of the eye muscles, practiced daily in class for 3-5 minutes. It is advisable to include a demonstration of illustrations in the work. Gymnastics for the eyes of E.S. Avetisova consists of a set of exercises to prevent myopia and strengthen the muscles of the eye.

Video: breathing exercises Strelnikova at the preschool educational institution

A set of gymnastics for the eyes (repeat each exercise three times):

1. Shut your eyes shut and open your eyes at intervals of 3-5 seconds.
2. High-speed blinking for 10-15 seconds, then stop at 7-10.
3. Massage the closed eye in a circular motion with the index finger.
4. Calm smooth horizontal movements of the eyes from right to left and vice versa, movements of the eyes vertically up and down.
5. It is necessary to imagine a spinning wheel, "catch" a point with a glance and follow its movement.
6. Concentrate on the tip of the nose, fix and hold until a feeling of fatigue arises, then relax.
7. Look at the index finger of the outstretched right hand for up to five seconds, close the left eye and, bending and unbending the right hand, that is, changing the distance, continue to focus on the index finger of the right hand. Change hands and repeat up to eight times.
8. "Point on the glass". At eye level, put a point with a diameter of up to five millimeters, then focus your gaze for two seconds on an object behind the glass behind the mark, then move your gaze to the point, then back to the object. We practice this exercise for seven minutes.

Video: exercise on the rug in kindergarten

For posture:

1. We accept an even posture, walk with our hands high.
2. Easy running on toes.
3. Walking on toes, combining with raising the arms to the sides, moving the shoulder blades.

Prevention of flat feet:

1. Shallow squat on the outer arches of the foot.
2. Stand on your toes, bending your knees, from the heel outward, the toes inward.
3. Raise the leg from a standing position with a turn of the foot outward, then inward.

Video: outdoor games for toddlers

Self-massage, acupressure:

1. Performing a superficial circular stroke from the wrist to the shoulder joint and down.
2. Lightly tap your thighs with your fists for twenty to thirty seconds.
3. Stretching is a set of stretching and flexibility exercises to music that creates a good mood, the duration of classes for younger preschoolers is no more than 15 minutes. It is advisable to spend in the morning or after a nap, especially with children who have problem posture and a tendency to flat feet. It is carried out in a spacious, well-ventilated area, such as a music or physical activity room.
4. Sports games of different levels of mobility - used daily as part of a group exercise, for a walk or in a gym. Games are chosen depending on the age of children, develop dexterity, coordination, have a beneficial effect on the emotional mood, stimulate activity, and promote vigor of the body and spirit.
5. Relaxation - for all pupils, depending on the children's need for emotional relaxation, pacification. Any room with an atmosphere of comfort and tranquility is suitable for holding, it is recommended to use classical music pieces (Mozart, Chopin), sounds of the natural environment.
6. Orthopedic gymnastics - is intended for children with flat feet problems, as well as pathology of the supporting arch of the foot, is used as an additional component of various exercises of the physical culture and recreation complex.

Video: awakening gymnastics

2. Teaching group of technologies, solving the problem of forming a correct understanding of a healthy lifestyle and consolidating theoretical knowledge as a conscious experience:

• game trainings;
• conversations and meetings with interesting people.

Educators pay special attention to the formation of the skills of safe behavior of children in everyday life, nature, on the street

3. Correctional group of activities carried out by a psychologist and teacher:

• fairy tale therapy, art therapy, aromatherapy, color therapy;
• psycho-gymnastics, a complex of rhythmic exercises of a speech therapy profile.

Video: sand therapy and relaxation room

The main task of adults is to create for children an integral psychological and pedagogical system of education, health improvement, based on traditions and innovative technologies that will contribute to the full and harmonious development of the personality of each child. It is physical culture and health work that is called upon to solve the most important problems of the formation of a physically developed and creatively active personality, oriented towards success and maintaining life optimism.

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Application of health-saving technologies

in the educational process of the kindergarten

Performed:

FC instructor

Lobnya, 2013

Plan:

1. Conditions for the implementation of health-saving technologies
2. Conclusion
3. Literature

1. The importance of work to preserve and strengthen the health of children in preschool educational institutions

Currently, the problem of health and its preservation is one of the most urgent. The kindergarten faces an acute question of ways to improve the work on health promotion, the development of movements and the physical development of children. It is known that only 7-8% of health depends on health care and more than half - on a person's lifestyle. Caring for a healthy lifestyle is the basis of physical and moral health, and health promotion can only be ensured through a comprehensive solution of pedagogical, medical and social issues. The concept of "health-preserving technologies" has become firmly established in the educational system, starting with preschool educational institutions.

One of the main tasks of a preschool institution is to create conditions that guarantee the formation and strengthening of the health of pupils. After all, human health is a problem that is quite relevant for all times and peoples, and now it is becoming paramount. The relevance of the topic of a healthy lifestyle is also confirmed by statistical indicators. Fostering a respectful attitude towards health must begin in early childhood. According to experts, 75% of all human diseases are inherent in childhood. And the teacher can do no less for the health of the pupil than the doctor. The teacher should be trained in psychological and pedagogical technologies that allow him to work himself so as not to harm the health of his pupils in the classroom. The educational environment should be health-preserving and health-promoting. The concept of "health-preserving technologies" just integrates all areas of work of a preschool institution to preserve, form and strengthen the health of preschool children.

"Health-saving technology"Is a system of measures that includes the relationship and interaction of all factors of the educational environment, aimed at preserving the health of the child at all stages of his education and development.

Health-saving technologies in preschool education are aimed at solving the priority task of modern preschool education - the task of preserving, maintaining and enriching the health of subjects of the pedagogical process in kindergarten: children, teachers and parents.

The goal of health-saving technologies- to provide a preschooler with the opportunity to maintain health, to form in him the necessary knowledge, abilities and skills for a healthy lifestyle, to teach him to use the knowledge gained in everyday life.

2. Types of health-saving technologies

Currently, the following health-preserving technologies are most often used in preschool institutions :

• technologies for maintaining and promoting health;
• technologies for a healthy lifestyle;
• correction technologies.

In my work, I propose to dwell in more detail on the technologies for preserving and stimulating the health of the child.

Technology name	Definition
Outdoor and sports games	These are games with rules, where natural movements are used, and the achievement of the goal does not require high physical and mental stress. Sports games are games in which competitions are held.	"Educational games for preschool children", THEM. Vorotilkina
Breathing exercises	Special exercises to cleanse the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, strengthen the respiratory muscles, and improve the well-being of the child.	Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. THEM. Vorotilkina “Physical culture and health improvement work in a preschool educational institution; V.S. Kuznetsov, G.A. Kolodnitsky "Educational games for preschool children"
Prevention of flat feet	Exercises for the formation of a muscle corset, the development of a stereotype of correct posture, the path to a healthy lifestyle	THEM. Vorotilkina “Physical culture and health improvement work in a preschool educational institution; Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. "Physical education in a preschool educational institution"; V.S. Kuznetsov, G.A. Kolodnitsky "Physical exercises and outdoor games"; O. V. Kozyreva
Posture prevention	Application and use of general developmental exercises that strengthen muscles and correct the shape of the child's foot, the formation and consolidation of the skill of correct walking	THEM. Vorotilkina “Physical culture and health improvement work in a preschool educational institution; Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. "Physical education in a preschool educational institution"; V.S. Kuznetsov, G.A. Kolodnitsky "Physical exercises and outdoor games" O. V. Kozyreva "Physiotherapy exercises for preschoolers"
Gymnastics for the eyes	Exercises to relieve eye tension	Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. "Physical education in a preschool educational institution";
Rhythmoplasty	The system of physical exercises performed to music contributes to the development of muscle freedom in children, expressiveness, beauty, grace, rhythm of movements, musicality, a sense of rhythm and plasticity.	A.N. Fomina "Subject-role rhythmic gymnastics"; Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. "Physical education in a preschool educational institution";
Relaxation	The system of relaxing exercises performed to music contributes to the development of muscle freedom in children, aimed at restoring between the processes of balance of excitation and inhibition, reducing motor anxiety (breathing, muscle relaxation).	Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. "Physical education in a preschool educational institution";
Finger gymnastics	Training of fine movements of the fingers of the hand.	Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. "Physical education in a preschool educational institution"; E. Cherenkova "Developing games with fingers"; T.A. Vorobieva., O. I. Krupenchuk "Ball games for the development of fine manual and general motor skills"; M.Yu. Kartushina "Growing healthy"
Massage (self-massage)	Massage performed with your own hands on your body (arms, legs, etc.)	Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. "Physical education in a preschool educational institution"; M.Yu. Kartushina "Growing healthy"
Acupressure	Acupressure massage is a mechanical effect of the fingers on strictly defined areas of the body.	Gorkova L. G., Obukhova L. A. "Physical education in a preschool educational institution"; K.K. Utrobina "Entertaining physical education for preschoolers"

3. Health-saving technologies

To achieve the goals of health-saving educational learning technologies, the following groups of means are used:

1. means of motional orientation;
2. healing forces of nature;
3. hygiene factors.

The complex application of these means allows solving the problems of health improvement pedagogy.

To the means of motional orientation includes such motor actions that are aimed at the implementation of the tasks of health-saving educational learning technologies. This is movement; physical exercises; physical education; emotional relaxation and minutes of "rest" gymnastics (wellness, finger, corrective, respiratory, for the prevention of colds, for vivacity); physiotherapy exercises, outdoor games; specially organized physical activity of a child (health-improving physical education, timely development of the foundations of motor skills); massage, self-massage; psycho-gymnastics, trainings, etc.

Harnessing the healing powers of nature has a significant impact on the achievement of the goals of health-saving educational learning technologies. Exercise in the fresh air promotes the activation of biological processes caused by the learning process, increases the overall performance of the body, slows down the process of fatigue, etc.

To hygiene products achieving the goals of health-saving educational learning technologies that promote health and stimulate the development of the adaptive properties of the body, include: compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, regulated by SanPiNs; personal and public hygiene (cleanliness of the body, cleanliness of places of employment, air, etc.); airing and wet cleaning of premises; adherence to the general regimen of physical activity, diet and sleep; instilling in children elementary skills when washing hands, using a handkerchief when sneezing and coughing, etc. teaching children elementary methods of a healthy lifestyle (HLS), organizing the procedure for conducting vaccinations in order to prevent infections; limiting the maximum level of training load to avoid overwork.

4. For the implementation of health-saving technologies in kindergarten, the following conditions must be created:

• conditions for strengthening the health of children, harmonious physical development, namely sports grounds, equipped with a gym and gym, which are equipped with standard and non-standard equipment necessary for the comprehensive development of the child
• in each age group, physical activity corners must be equipped, which must be equipped according to age with all the necessary equipment
• for each age group, a mode of physical activity should be drawn up, a hardening system should be developed taking into account the season, age
• each type of activity should include exercises, games that are aimed at strengthening and preserving the health of children, the dosage and pace depends on the age of the children, mood.
• it is necessary to carry out the prevention of colds; carry out hardening procedures; to carry out daily gymnastics after a day's sleep, which includes walking barefoot in combination with air baths, with corrective exercises, massage for the prevention of flat feet and poor posture; exercise outdoors at different times of the year

5. Conclusion

To create an integral system of children's motor activity, it is very important to organize a motor developmental environment. In our preschool institution, a gym is equipped, where a variety of physical education equipment is presented, which increases interest in physical culture, develops vital qualities, and increases the effectiveness of educational activities.

The methods of health-saving technologies are widely used by the teachers of our preschool institution in various forms of organizing the pedagogical process: in organized educational activities, on a walk, in regime moments, in the free activity of children, in the course of pedagogical interaction between an adult and a child. Every day, morning exercises are carried out with children, which contributes to an increase in the functional state and performance of the body, the development of motor skills, the formation of correct posture, and the prevention of flat feet. Classes are conducted that include elements of children's yoga, which help children to relieve stress, learn to control their breathing and feel their body. Classes are held on fitballs, which contribute to the development of coordination, orientation in space and also help relieve stress from the child. There is also an experimental group that, together with their parents, attends the "Figure skating" club on the basis of the Ice Palace, thanks to which children develop coordination, health, immunity and simply a lot of positive emotions appear, which also has a beneficial effect on the health of children. In the kindergarten, there is a children's fitness club.

Much attention is paid to the organization of physical culture and health-improving work in the fresh air. For this, our kindergarten has a mini-stadium on the territory of the preschool educational institution with sports and play equipment. To improve the skills gained in physical education, physical education corners have been created in groups, which take into account the age characteristics of children and their interests. In all groups there are manuals for the prevention of flat feet, for outdoor games and exercises of general developmental impact, physical training equipment is placed so that it is accessible to children.

Literature

1. Akhutina T.V. Health-saving learning technologies: an individual-oriented approach. School of Health. 2000.
2. V. I. Kovalko Health-saving technologies. - M .: VAKO, 2007.
3. Health-saving technologies in secondary schools: analysis methodology, forms, methods, application experience. / Ed. MM. Bezrukikh, V.D. Sonkina. - M., 2002.
4. Sukharev A.G."The concept of strengthening the health of the child and adolescent population of Russia"
5. “The use of health-saving pedagogical technologies in preschool educational institutions” / A.M. Sivtsova // Methodist. - 2007.
6. Smirnov N.K."Health-saving educational technologies in the work of a teacher."

Mariam Voskanyan
Health-saving technologies in kindergarten

« Health-saving technologies in kindergarten»

Elder educator group: Voskanyan M.P.

Preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of the physical and mental health... Until the age of 7, a person goes through a huge path of development, unrepeatable throughout his subsequent life. It is during this period that there is an intensive development of organs and the formation of functional systems of the body, the main personality traits are laid, the character, attitude towards oneself and others is formed. It is very important at this stage to form a knowledge base and practical skills in children. healthy lifestyle, the conscious need for systematic physical education and sports.

A preschool educational institution must constantly master a set of measures aimed at preserving health the child at all stages of his learning and development. There are various forms and types of activities aimed at preserving and strengthening pupils' health... Their complex has now received a common name. « health-saving technologies» .

The main purpose of such new technologies- to unite teachers, psychologists, doctors, parents and, most importantly, the children themselves for the preservation, strengthening and development health... So what is it « health-saving technology» ? Health-saving technology Is an integral system of educational wellness, corrective and preventive measures that are carried out in the process of interaction between the child and the teacher, the child and the parents, the child and the doctor.

Target health-saving educational technologies- provide the preschooler with the opportunity to save health, to form in him the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities to healthy lifestyle, teach how to use the knowledge gained in everyday life. Health-saving pedagogical technologies applied in various activities and presented how: technologies preserving and stimulating health; technologies for teaching healthy lifestyles; corrective technologies... It is necessary to create pedagogical conditions health-preserving the process of upbringing and development of children, the main of which are: organization of various activities of children in a playful way; building the educational process in the form of a culture model; organization of cultural creativity of preschoolers; equipping children's activities with equipment, toys, games, game exercises and manuals. All this work should be carried out in an integrated manner, throughout the day and with the participation of medical and pedagogical workers: educator, music director. It is necessary to pay special attention to teaching preschoolers basic movements and skills healthy lifestyle applying in practice the implementation of various methods and techniques to create an environment health-preserving process.

Technologies preserving and stimulating health:

Dynamic pauses are held during classes, 2-5 minutes, as children get tired. During their implementation, elements of gymnastics for the eyes, respiratory, finger gymnastics and others are included, depending on the type of activity.

Outdoor and sports games are held every day as part of physical education, for a walk, in a small group room with a medium degree of mobility. Games are selected in accordance with the age of the child, the place and time of its holding.

Relaxation. For the mental health children need a balance of positive and negative emotions to maintain peace of mind and life-affirming behavior. Our task is not to suppress or eradicate emotions, but to teach children to feel their emotions, control their behavior, and hear their bodies. For this purpose, in my work, I use specially selected exercises to relax certain parts of the body and the whole body. They are carried out in any suitable room. Depending on the condition of the children and goals, the intensity is determined technologies... Used to work calm classical music (Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov), sounds of nature. Children like these exercises very much, because they have an element of play. They quickly learn this difficult relaxation skill.

Finger gymnastics is carried out individually or with a subgroup of children daily. Trains fine motor skills, stimulates speech, spatial thinking, attention, blood circulation, imagination, speed of reaction. Useful for all children, especially those with speech problems. Held at any convenient time. Gymnastics for the eyes is carried out daily for 3-5 minutes. at any free time, depending on the intensity of the visual load, helps to relieve the static tension of the muscles of the eyes, blood circulation. During its implementation, visual material is used, the demonstration of the teacher. Respiratory gymnastics is carried out in various forms of physical education - wellness work... In children, oxygen metabolism is activated in all tissues of the body, which contributes to the normalization and optimization of its work in general. Invigorating gymnastics is carried out daily after a nap of 5-10 minutes. Its complex includes exercises on awakening beds, exercises for correcting flat feet, fostering correct posture, and extensive washing. For preventive purposes, each teacher made a rug with buttons. Children walk on it with pleasure after a nap. The path perfectly massages the baby's feet, strengthens the muscles and ligaments of the foot, protecting the body as a whole.

Health-saving educational technologies is first of all technology education of valeological culture or culture health of babies.

The purpose of these technologies- the formation of a conscious attitude of the child to human health and life, accumulation of knowledge about health and the development of the ability to protect, maintain and preserve it, the acquisition of valeological competence, which allows the preschooler to independently and effectively solve problems healthy lifestyle and safe behavior, tasks related to the provision of basic medical, psychological self-help and assistance.

In other words, it is important to achieve such a result that children, crossing the threshold "Adult life", not only had high potential health allowing to lead healthy lifestyle, but also had a store of knowledge that allows them to do it right.

Healthy lifestyle education technologies:

Morning exercises should be carried out daily for 6-8 minutes. with musical accompaniment. Music should accompany each exercise. At the same time, rhythmic skills and abilities are formed in children. Physical education classes are held 3 times a week for 20-25 minutes. in accordance with the program according to which the preschool educational institution works (traditional, plot and game, integrated wellness). They are aimed at teaching motor skills and abilities. Regular physical education strengthens the body and improves immunity. And the presence of music in the classroom helps to improve the psychological and physiological state of the child's body.

Self-massage is a massage performed by the child himself. It improves blood circulation, helps to normalize the functioning of internal organs, and improve posture. It contributes not only to the physical strengthening of a person, but also improving his psyche... For children, self-massage is the prevention of scoliosis, colds. It favors psycho-emotional resistance to physical health, increases the functional activity of the brain, tones the entire body. Self-massage is carried out in a playful way every day in the form of a five-minute lesson or in the form of a dynamic pause in the classroom.

Funny poems, vivid images that play up massage movements, their simplicity, accessibility, the ability to use in various settings and at any time contribute to a change in the child's position from an object to a subject of pedagogical influence, and this is a guarantee of the success of rehabilitation, correctional and developmental work.

Active rest (sports leisure, sports holiday, musical leisure, "Day health» ). When spending leisure time and holidays, all children engage in direct participation in various competitions, competitions, perform motor tasks with enthusiasm, while children behave more relaxed than in physical education, and this allows them to move without much stress. At the same time, those motor skills and abilities that they have already firmly mastered are used, therefore, a kind of artistry, aesthetics in movements is manifested in children. Sports holidays and leisure activities must be accompanied by music: it has a beneficial effect on the development of a sense of beauty in children, strengthens the ability to move to music, understand the nature of a piece of music, develops ear for music, memory. Location on children's the garden has sports equipment that allows you to provide maximum physical activity for children during a walk.

Correctional technologies:

Articulatory gymnastics - exercises for training the organs of articulation (lips, tongue, lower jaw, necessary for correct sound pronunciation, help faster "put" correct sound pronunciation, overcome already existing violations of sound pronunciation. Classes on the prevention and correction of speech disorders with children are conducted by a speech therapist.

Technology musical impact. Music has a strong psychological effect on children. It affects the state of the nervous system (calms, relaxes or, conversely, excites, excites, causes various emotional states (from tranquility, peace and harmony to anxiety, depression or aggression). In this regard, it is important to pay attention to what kind of music we listen to we and our children. When using music, it is necessary to remember about the peculiarities of the influence of the nature of melody, rhythm and volume on the mental state of children. Use as an aid as part of others technologies, to relieve stress, increase the emotional mood. Use music to accompany the educational activities of preschoolers (in the classroom for creativity, design, familiarization with the world around them, etc.) Calm music, which evokes feelings of joy, peace, love, is able to harmonize the emotional state of the little listener, and also develop concentration of attention. Music can also be used before bedtime to help children who are struggling to fall asleep to calm down and relax. When the children go to bed, turn on calm, quiet, melodic, soft music and ask them to close their eyes and imagine themselves in the forest, on the seashore, in garden or anywhere else that makes them feel good. I draw the attention of children to how every part of their body relaxes and rests.

Fairytale therapy is used for psychotherapeutic and developmental work. The story can be told by an adult, or it can be a group story. You can use the author's tales, since they contain a lot of instructive things. Fairy tales not only need to be read, but also discussed with children. Children are very fond of "To impersonate" to beat them. To do this, you can use a puppet theater, role-playing games in which children transform into different fairy-tale characters. Children also compose fairy tales themselves, because a fairy tale invented by a child that reveals the essence of the problem is the basis of fairy tale therapy. Through a fairy tale, you can learn about such experiences of children that they themselves are not really aware of, or are embarrassed to discuss them with adults.

Thus, each of the considered technologies has a health-improving focus, and used in the complex health-preserving the activity ultimately forms the child's habit of healthy lifestyle... Family and child kindergarten in a chronological series are linked by a form of continuity, which facilitates the continuity of the upbringing and education of children. The most important condition for continuity is the establishment of trusting business contact between the family and kindergarten, during which the educational position of parents and teachers is corrected. We can say with confidence that not one, even the best physical education wellness the program will not be able to give full-fledged results if it is not implemented in collaboration with the family. It is necessary to increase the psychological and pedagogical competence of parents, including in matters of strengthening children's health, include them in the process of active interaction with the preschool educational institution.

In the process of organizing a single health-preserving spaces of preschool educational institutions and families, use a variety of forms work:

open classes with children for parents;

pedagogical discussions with parents

general and group parenting meetings;

consultations;

classes with the participation of parents;

Exhibitions children's work made together with parents;

Doors open days;

participation of parents in the preparation and conduct of holidays, sports activities;

joint creation of a subject-development environment;

work with the parent committee of the group, questioning.

Display stands introduce parents to the life of the group, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the age-related physiological characteristics of children. Use information in parent corners, in movable folders ( "The development of the child and his health» , "Games with movements" "Movement is the basis health» , "Formation of correct posture and prevention of its violations", "Winter games with a child" etc.).

Thus, the ongoing physical culture wellness work allows you to involve parents in a joint effort to improving children's the body during the entire stay in a preschool institution. Application in work health-saving educational technologies increases the effectiveness of the upbringing and educational process, forms among teachers and parents value orientations aimed at preserving and strengthening pupils' health, and the child has a strong motivation to healthy lifestyle.

Health-saving technologies in kindergarten

“A healthy mind in a healthy body - this is a short but complete
description of a happy state in this world. "
John Locke
The topic of children's health at the present stage is considered not only relevant, but universal. Children's health, its protection and enrichment is a priority direction not only of educational and medical institutions, but of the whole society as a whole, since only healthy children are able to properly engage in various activities, learn, and develop. Only good health contributes to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality.
Sociological studies have revealed the following facts:
1. If you treat a disease (temporary, acquired), then health will be preserved by 8-10%
2. Ideal living conditions preserve and improve health by 20-25%
3. 50% of health depends entirely on the way of life, its correct upbringing from childhood, the desire to protect and increase one's health, and actively engage in health-improving activities.
The relevance of people's health speaks of the need to take urgent measures to preserve health, heal children, to prevent and correct various deviations in health. In this regard, the creation of special pedagogical methods, programs aimed at maintaining and strengthening health, which in modern terminology are called health-saving educational technologies - ZOT, is especially in demand today.
OST in preschool education is technologies aimed at solving the priority task of modern preschool education - the task of preserving, maintaining and enriching the health of subjects of the pedagogical process in kindergarten: children, teachers, parents.
The goal of ZOT in a preschool educational institution in relation to the child is to ensure a high level of real health for the pupil and the upbringing of a valeological (valeology is the science of a healthy lifestyle, in a broad sense, just a science of health) culture as a set of a child's conscious attitude to human health and life, knowledge about health and the ability to protect, maintain and preserve it. The use of OST in preschool education is of great value for the health of children, because from birth to seven years, there is a process of formation of all functions and systems of the body, the foundations of physical, mental, mental, moral, spiritual health of a person are being laid, the foundation of future health, human life in all its spheres is being formed. The most modern ROT in scientific research, in the opinion of practicing teachers, are the methods of aesthetic therapy, which include: sports, choreography, aerobics, music and other types of art. Methods of aesthetic therapy have a huge healing and psychotherapeutic potential, they are highly effective, cost-effective, loyal to the child in comparison with other methods of improvement and health preservation (for example, medical). OST with the use of aesthetic therapy affects all areas of health, strengthens and develops not only the physical body, but also heals the person as a whole. Improving children's health through exercise is called kinesiotherapy. This method is especially close, accessible and necessary for preschool children. The mobility inherent in a preschooler child is due to the fact that motor activity, causing increased breathing, blood circulation, metabolism, is a source of pleasant sensations, joyful emotions, what is called a child's well-being, psychophysical well-being. Physiologists have objectively proved that with any movement training, not only body parts are exercised, but also the brain develops, mental abilities are one of the main foundations of the preschool period.
Thus, the use of OST is of great importance in health preservation, recovery, and strengthening of children's health, actively helps preschool educational institutions in solving priority tasks: it improves the quality of preschool education, plays a huge role in raising children, forming a healthy lifestyle, and developing a general culture of health.
Today, the issue of health is a priority in many children's institutions. As a rule, health-preserving technologies are auxiliary components in ensuring the health of children, the main purpose of which is to maintain a high level of health of preschoolers, to form in them high-quality knowledge and skills for building an active and healthy lifestyle. It is worth noting that health-saving technologies in kindergarten according to the Federal State Educational Standard differ from other educational technologies in their comprehensive diagnostics of the state of the child's body and the ability to analyze the dynamics, thanks to which they get a complete picture of the assessment of the health of a preschooler.
Types of health-saving technologies in kindergarten according to the Federal State Educational Standard:
health and fitness,
technologies for organizing the social and psychological balance of a child,
work on educating parents about general health theory,
work on health preservation and health enrichment of preschool educators,
health-saving technologies in preschool education.
The main tasks of health-saving technologies in kindergarten according to the Federal State Educational Standard:
maintaining the level of health and the selection of a step-by-step increase in the level of health of pupils;
creating an environment for the complex psychophysiological development of the child;
ensuring comfortable living conditions during the child's stay in kindergarten.
The goal of health-saving technologies in preschool education:
- With regard to the child - ensuring a high level of real health for a kindergarten pupil and fostering valeological culture, as a combination of a child's conscious attitude to human health and life, knowledge about health and the ability to protect, maintain and preserve it, valeological competence, which allows the preschooler to independently and effectively solve tasks of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior, tasks related to the provision of elementary medical, psychological self-help and assistance.
- With regard to adults - promoting the formation of a culture of health, including the culture of professional health of preschool educators and valeological education of parents
Types of health-saving technologies in preschool education
Medical health-preserving technologies in preschool educational institutions - ensure the preservation and enhancement of children's health under the guidance of a preschool nurse in accordance with medical requirements and norms, using medical devices.
technologies for the prevention of diseases,
in-depth medical examination with the participation of narrow specialists coming from the clinic,
correction of arising functional deviations,
tracking the nature of the course of chronic pathology (for children with III-U health group),
rehabilitation of the somatic state of health,
anti-epidemic work and medical control of the work of the catering unit in accordance with the current sanitary and hygienic rules,
vitamin prophylaxis (rosehip decoction in the autumn - winter period, fortification of third courses using ascorbic acid),
sanitary and hygienic activities of all services of the preschool educational institution.
Physical culture and health technologies- are aimed at the physical development and health improvement of the child, the development of physical qualities, physical activity and the formation of physical culture of preschoolers:
hardening of KGN;
talks on styology;
sports holidays;
sports entertainment and leisure;
health weeks;
competitions;
walks, hikes.
Technologies of health preservation and health enrichment of teachers- technologies aimed at developing a health culture of kindergarten teachers, including a culture of professional health, developing the need for a healthy lifestyle.
Health preservation in work with preschool educational institutions:
Training seminars "Psychological health of teachers";
Consultations for teachers "Signs of fatigue in a preschooler child", "Prohibited physical exercises for preschool children", "How to properly conduct gymnastics (various types) with preschoolers", "Prevention of fatigue in preschoolers in preschoolers" life of children ”and others;
Workshop for teachers of the preschool educational institution "Receptions of relaxation, stress relief during the working day";
Discussion of health preservation issues at pedagogical councils and medical and pedagogical meetings in early age groups and correctional groups.
Valeological education of parents is a technology aimed at ensuring the valeological education of the parents of preschool educational institutions, their acquisition of valeological competence. The valeological education of parents should be considered as a continuous process of valeological education of all family members.
Interaction of the preschool educational institution with the family on the protection and promotion of children's health:
Information stands for parents in each age group have headings covering the issues of health improvement without drugs (exercise complexes for the prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, visual organs, for the development of general and fine motor skills, finger games;
Information stands of medical workers about medical preventive work with children in preschool educational institutions;
Encouraging parents to participate in physical culture events of the preschool educational institution (competitions, sports events, open days, Days and Weeks of health, meetings of preschool educational institutions with parents-athletes, and others);
Consultations, conversations with parents on health preservation issues.
Health-saving educational technologies in kindergarten are, first of all, technologies for upbringing a valeological culture or a culture of health for preschoolers.
Modern health-preserving technologies used in the preschool education system reflect two lines of health-improving work:
Introduction of children to physical culture
· Use of developing forms of health-improving work.
Types of health-saving pedagogical technologies
1.Rhythmoplasty
2.Dynamic pauses (physical training minutes)
3. Outdoor and sports games
4. Relaxation You can use calm classical music (Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov), sounds of nature
5 finger gymnastics
6 eye gymnastics
7.Gymnastics breathing
8 awakening gymnastics
9 health jogging
10.Physical activity
11. Problem-playing (game trainings and game therapy)
12.Communication games
13.Self massage
14. Technologies of musical influence. Used as an aid as part of other technologies; to relieve stress, increase emotional mood, etc.
15.Technologies of influence with color
16. Behavior correction technologies
17. Fairytale therapy
Modern health-preserving technologies in kindergarten.
I. Step aerobics is one of the types of aerobics that has gained immense popularity in the world in recent decades. Its main difference is that dance and general developmental exercises are performed with special platforms - "steps".
"Step" - translated from English literally means "step", hence the very definition of step - aerobics - "step aerobics". Outwardly, aerobics is a complex of general developmental and dance rhythmic movements performed to music, as well as various cyclic movements of low intensity, designed for long-term performance.
However, the main thing in aerobics, of course, is not the external effect. High physical activity provides an increased content of oxygen, which penetrates into the blood and through the cardiovascular system into muscle tissues, which gives a healing effect, prepares muscles for high physical exertion, relieves fatigue and restores good mood.
Step - aerobics is unique in its kind, as it develops and strengthens all functions and systems of the body, develops endurance and performance, harmoniously develops beautiful, expressive and precise movements, effectively performing health-improving functions in raising children. For preschool age, recreational step aerobics is mainly used. Its goals are general improvement of the body, prevention and correction of disorders, strengthening of systems and functions of the human body, development of physical qualities.
Basic exercises.
1. Walking on the steppe.
2. An additional step from the step forward to the floor and back \ from the right, left leg \.
3. An additional step from the tap back to the floor and back.
4. An additional step from a step forward, to a step, back, to a step.
5. Side steps from the step to the left, to the right to the floor, to the step.
6. Cross: side steps alternately from the step forward, to the step, to the left, to the step, back, to the step, to the right, to the step.
7. The same, but with exercises for the hands.
8. An additional step from the step forward / backward / onto the floor, spreading your legs wide apart, back to the step, connecting your legs.
9. Step with one foot from the floor to the step, the other to raise straight or bent over the floor with hand movements.
10. Alternate steps from the step to the sides to the floor, back to the step.
11. The same with exercises for hands, turning the head.
12. Turns to the left, right with lowering the corresponding leg from the step to the floor, exercises for the hands.
13. Alternately lower your leg from the step to the floor with hand exercises.
14. Do the same to the left, to the right.
15. Cross: connect the previous exercises one by one.
16. Lunges forward from step to floor \ back, left, right \.
17. Cross: connect the previous exercises one by one.
18. Lunges with swinging from one leg to the other at the expense of: 1, 2, 3, 4.
19. Running on the steppe.
20. Previous step exercises, but in a jogging way.
21. Jumping on the steppe.
22. Jumping from the step to the floor - legs apart, to the step - legs together.
23. Alternately lower the right / left / leg from the step to the floor at a jumping pace.
24. Alternating step exercises with jumping.
II. Wellness outdoor games- one of the types of gaming health-saving technologies.
The advantages of outdoor games over dosed exercises are that the game is always associated with initiative, fantasy, creativity, proceeds emotionally, and stimulates physical activity. The game uses natural movement for the most part in an entertaining, unobtrusive manner.
Creativity, fantasy, which are an indispensable condition for most outdoor games - one of the manifestations of the will to live - intensify brain impulses, which in turn stimulate the pituitary gland, the activity of the thyroid gland and the entire endocrine system.
The role of play in the effectiveness of intellectual development and the acquisition of new knowledge is invaluable. Outdoor games, often accompanied by unexpected, funny situations, cause sincere laughter in children. Scientists have proven that laughter is a powerful therapeutic agent that can successfully treat many chronic diseases. Outdoor games can prevent and treat diseases such as: acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, flat feet, posture disorders, hypogenesis, obesity, etc. The musical accompaniment of outdoor games leads to an even greater effect in the development of mental processes, fosters a sense of rhythm, balances the nervous system, and contributes to the regulation of muscle efforts.
Playing with music is one of the methods of aesthetic therapy - one of the health-preserving technologies.
Health improvement of children through outdoor play is carried out in 5 main areas:
- Physiological - strengthening, growth, development of internal organs, functions and systems of the body, physical qualities.
- The psychoemotional effect of healing - the development of positive emotions, mental processes, the qualitative development of the central nervous system.
- Intellectual development - the connection of movements with the development of the brain, the development of motor memory, the acquisition of new knowledge and skills.
- The natural need of children for movement is the active participation of the children themselves in the pedagogical process, play activities, due to the constant desire for movement, which ultimately leads to the fact that the child helps himself to be healthy and develop.
- The influence of outdoor games on moral health. An active game fosters initiative, decisiveness, discipline, organizational skills, creativity, forms such volitional qualities: endurance, purposefulness, responsibility, the ability to overcome difficulties, critical thought, perseverance.
Develops such qualities as observation, activity of thought, enthusiasm, the ability to implement creative ideas in practice, empathy, the ability to please others and be happy for others. All of these qualities form the personality of the child and are needed in the future life.
The result of an active game is joy, emotional uplift, development and increase in the physical strength of the child, an effective healing effect on the child's body as a whole.
III. Breathing exercises
Breathing is the most important function of the body. An important place in physical culture is occupied by special breathing exercises, which ensure complete drainage of the bronchi, cleanse the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, and strengthen the respiratory muscles.
The breathing process, which is carried out by the respiratory centers of the nervous system, consists of three phases: exhalation, pause and inhalation, which reflexively, continuously and rhythmically follow one after the other.
The initial phase of breathing is exhalation. To get a new portion of oxygen necessary for the normal functioning of the body, it is necessary to make room for it in the airways, which is achieved through exhalation.
The breathing pause follows the exhalation. It is a transitional phase and is characterized by the completion of exhalation, as well as the expectation of an impulse to inhale. A pause is no less important than the "active" phases of breathing, because it increases the efficiency of the body. It is thanks to the pause that effective gas exchange and ventilation of the lungs are ensured, which affects the body as a whole. The duration of the pauses depends on the intensity of physical activity, the state of the nervous system and other factors. Breathing is considered normal, in which the entire breathing apparatus is involved. It is called harmoniously - complete.
When teaching a child to breathe correctly, first of all, you need to teach him to exhale deeply for good cleaning of the lungs and improving their oxygen supply.
How much the lungs are filled with air is determined by the depth of inhalation and exhalation: with shallow breathing, only the tidal volume of air is used: with deep breathing, in addition to the respiratory one, additional and reserve. Respiratory rate changes depending on this. The lungs are the organ of not only respiration, but also excretion, regulation of body temperature. They also take part in the production of physiologically active substances involved in the process of blood clotting, metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
One of the tasks of the physical development of preschool children is the formation of nasal breathing. Breathing through the nose helps coordinate the air entering the lungs. The air in the nasal passages is cleaned, moistened, warmed up. The air exhaled through the nose carries with it heat and moisture for the mucous membrane of the nasal passages, protects it from hypothermia, dryness, infection. In mouth-breathing children, the muscles of the nose are very weak, the wings of the nose resemble flaccid petals, and the nasal passages are narrowed. Breathing through the nose improves local blood circulation, the growth of adenoid vegetation. Nasal breathing, especially with rhythmic and full exhalation, relaxes the respiratory muscles and reflexively strengthens the smooth muscles of the bronchi, helps regulate cerebral circulation.
The vital capacity of the lungs, or, in other words, their volume, the smaller the smaller the child. But the need for oxygen is great, so the child's breathing is characterized by a high frequency and superficiality. That is why breathing exercises must be included in the complex of physical culture and health-improving exercises.
The respiratory system of children is imperfect: the airways are narrow, and the mucous membrane lining them is very delicate, easily inflamed. Under the influence of negative factors, the already narrow passages become even narrower, it becomes difficult for the child to breathe. That is why the room in which the child is located must always be well ventilated: there are fewer microbes in the clean air, and, therefore, the risk of illness is reduced.
Respiratory gymnastics plays a huge role in the hardening and health improvement of children!
IV. Stop therapy is considered one of the unconventional methods of maintaining and strengthening health, hardening, prevention and correction of flat feet.
It includes several types:
Massage and self-massage of the feet;
Games and exercises for prevention and treatment, remedial gymnastics
for feet;
Vibration massage;
Water preventive procedures;
Walking barefoot / playing, exercise, outdoor activities,
preferably outdoors, and indoors for physical education, morning exercises, etc. /
Orthopedic footwear, corrective insoles, instep supports.
One of the listed types of foot therapy is massage and self-massage. The advantage of this method is that it is very easy to use, available for any age, economical, loyal, does not require special conditions, and most importantly, it has a huge health potential and has a wide range of prevention and correction of various deviations in health, its preservation and strengthening. Today, many teachers are actively using this method in their work with preschoolers. Massage and self-massage of the feet consists in an active effect on the muscles, joints and ligamentous apparatus of the foot, active points of the sole, and the skin. As a result, the foot as a whole is strengthened, the arch increases, muscle strength develops and one of the important pedagogical tasks at the present stage is being solved - the prevention and correction of flat feet.
The whole body is projected onto the soles of the feet, as well as on the palms of the hands, and they reflect the state of organs, systems and their functions.
The soles, like the entire human body, have a huge number of nerve receptors, the accumulation of which in certain places form the so-called biologically active points, which in medical practice are known as reflex points, having a primary connection with certain organs and parts of the body.
Massaging specific areas and points on the soles of the feet provides a favorable access of vital energy to any part of the body. Such massage can be provided by walking along paths - massagers or so-called "health paths".
These paths are rugs of different lengths and widths, flat with different tracks and with a special coating / needle, ribbed, with stiff pile, etc. /, as well as rugs with various objects. The health paths also include paths with soft padded material / cotton wool, foam rubber, synthetic winterizer /. Walking along the paths of health causes great interest and joyful emotions in children. Without making any special efforts, the child in a relaxed, free form performs self-massage of the feet, receiving pleasant sensations, pleasure, and his body is filled with energy and health.