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Glycerin - Instructions for Use. Revealing the secrets of what liquid glycerin is for

In an effort to look irresistible, many women use home cosmetology products. Liquid glycerin for the face helps moisturize the skin, eliminate fine wrinkles, but in order not to cause harm, you need to know how to use it correctly. What other effect does this substance have, how to independently prepare cosmetic preparations with nutritional properties - useful information for women of any age.

What is glycerin

This chemical is classified as trihydric alcohols. Glycerin has the formula C3H5 (OH) 3. It has qualities that contribute to its use in cosmetic products. Glycerin is a viscous liquid, colorless, with a sweet taste, sold in the pharmacy. As a chemical, it:

  • transparent;
  • hygroscopic - draws moisture from the air;
  • miscible with ethanol, water;
  • almost insoluble in fats, ether.

Glycerin for facial skin - benefits and harms

This drug is used in home and industrial cosmetics due to its qualities. Is there any harm from use and what benefits does it provide? In stores you can find glycerin soap for sensitive skin, tonics, lotions, creams. The substance in their composition contributes to:

  • protecting the surface of the face from the negative effects of the environment;
  • moisturizing dry skin;
  • penetration of nutrients to the deep layers of the epidermis.

Beneficial features

The chemical has many advantages. It is important when using to observe the dosage in the recipes so as not to provoke problems. Useful properties of the product:

  • accelerates metabolic processes;
  • removes fat and harmful substances from the pores to the surface;
  • perfectly moisturizes the cells of the epidermis;
  • eliminates expression wrinkles;
  • fights dry skin;
  • creates a wet film on the surface;
  • eliminates tightness;
  • counteracts the formation of acne.

What is harmful

The ability of a substance to draw moisture from the environment can turn into trouble. If the room is too dry and low humidity, the liquid will be taken from the skin. This will lead to drying out, depletion of the epidermis. In order not to harm, it is necessary to give up glycerin for the face:

  • in winter time;
  • hot summer;
  • with air humidity less than 60%.
  • harm people with oily skin;
  • attract dust and dirt due to stickiness;
  • with prolonged use, wash out the melamine - cause clarification;
  • adversely affect sensitive skin;
  • provoke an allergic reaction - a test for sensitivity to the drug is necessary;
  • make the epidermis drier.

The action of glycerin on the skin

  • absorbs moisture - the Glycerin molecule attracts ten water molecules;
  • fights age-related changes;
  • forms a moist film on the surface - fills the pores, the face looks smooth, well-groomed;
  • counteracts dryness, dehydration.

Glycerin procedures produce:

  • smoothing of small wrinkles - the depressions are filled with moisture, a visual effect of their elimination is created, the smoothness of the surface of the face is observed;
  • the fight against acne - carried out due to antiseptic qualities, the ability to heal wounds, activate metabolic processes, in which dirt, infection, fat are removed from the pores;
  • whitening, softening of the skin;
  • protection of the outer layer of epidermal cells from pollution, microorganisms.

Liquid glycerin - application

To get the moisturizing effect, to help solve problems, cosmetologists advise you to follow certain rules when using glycerin for the face. This will help to avoid undesirable consequences - the appearance of irritation, redness, spots. Recommended:

  • use the substance only in diluted form;
  • solutions must have a substance content of not more than 10%;
  • it is necessary to mix the substance with purified water or oil, observing the proportions in cosmetic recipes.

Home cosmetics

Glycerin for face is widely used in home recipes. The composition of a cosmetic product may contain useful substances. It is recommended to use tocopherol - vitamin E, Aevit, natural ingredients:

  • lemon juice;
  • olive oil;
  • infusions of medicinal herbs;
  • cosmetic clay;
  • chicken eggs;
  • cereals;
  • milk;
  • potato;
  • cream.

On the basis of glycerin, you can independently make lotions and tonics, face scrubs, nourishing, moisturizing and refreshing masks for any skin. For greater benefit from home cosmetic procedures, a number of rules must be followed:

  • follow the manufacturing instructions;
  • do not store the remnants of the composition;
  • use the resulting mixture immediately after preparation;
  • apply a glycerin mask, lotion to a previously cleaned surface;
  • wash off according to the recommendations in the recipe.

Industrial production of creams and masks

Cosmetic firms use facial glycerin extensively in their designs. This applies not only to drugs for mass use, but also to branded products. The substance is included in natural cosmetics manufactured by La Roche Posay, Vichy. Glycerin is used in industrial production:

  • tonics;
  • moisturizing lotions;
  • after shave products;
  • preparations for sun protection;
  • regenerating, nourishing masks;
  • creams for age spots;
  • anti-wrinkle drugs;
  • products for any skin.

Glycerin in cosmetology at home - recipes for creams and masks

This substance is included in effective masks that you can easily prepare yourself. There are recipes for different skin types. There are compounds that have a therapeutic effect. You can make a remedy for dry skin that lasts 15 minutes and rinses off with warm water. A course of 15 procedures is recommended. For preparation, it is required to mix all the ingredients thoroughly. Have to take:

  • egg yolk;
  • add water - half a teaspoon;
  • pour in Glycerin - whole.

It is beneficial for mature skin to make a nourishing agent. The mask is applied to the cleansed surface for 15 minutes, washed off with water at room temperature. The course is held twice a year for 20 procedures. For cooking:

  • boil potatoes, take 50 grams;
  • add a spoonful of milk, egg yolk, make mashed potatoes;
  • pour in 30 ml of water;
  • stir in olive oil, Glycerin - spoonful.

With vitamin E

Tocopherol is called the beauty vitamin. This substance is actively used in professional and home cosmetics. The familiar name is vitamin E. You can make a face mask if you add Glycerin to it. Vitamin capsules have the ability to:

  • maintain water and fat metabolism;
  • slow down the aging of the epidermis;
  • accelerate recovery processes;
  • stimulate the production of estrogen;
  • remove swelling;
  • whiten age spots;
  • help the absorption of vitamin A;
  • counteract acne.

To nourish skin cells with moisture, it is useful to make a composition that includes liquid vitamin E and Glycerin in equal parts. It is recommended to apply it 2 times a week. The procedure will require one spoonful of components. Prescription requires:

  • put the ingredients in a bowl;
  • mix thoroughly;
  • add half a teaspoon of water - if the procedure is performed in winter;
  • apply the composition to a prepared person;
  • withstand an hour;
  • remove the remains with a napkin - no need to wash.

Olive oil cream

The benefits of this product have been known since ancient times. Olive oil has unique properties. When used in recipes for cosmetic masks, it is noted:

  • active moisturizing;
  • protection of the skin from drying out due to the creation of a thin film;
  • nutrition of the epidermis with vitamins A, E, D;
  • activation of blood circulation;
  • improvement of complexion;
  • smoothing wrinkles.

If you mix glycerin for the face with olive oil, then with regular use you can see significant improvements in appearance. The changes in the photo will be significant in a month. It is recommended to carry out the procedure every other day. To make the composition, you will need:

  • take olive oil and Glycerin - spoonful;
  • mix the ingredients;
  • apply the product to cleansed skin;
  • leave overnight.

Blackhead scrub with almond pits

A home remedy will help to effectively cleanse the skin of impurities, remove dead cell particles, and get rid of blackheads on the face. To prepare it, you need almond pits. The scrub is applied to the skin, rubbed in for two minutes with massaging movements without strong pressure, and remains until dry. Washed off with warm water. Cooking requires:

  • grind almond kernels in a coffee grinder, take 4 spoons;
  • add Glycerin - 2 times less;
  • mix until smooth.

Face mask with honey and proteins for oily skin

It is recommended to make a composition that narrows the pores for a person who is distinguished by the active work of the sebaceous glands. It will help eliminate oily sheen, heal the deep layers of the epidermis. The mask is applied with light movements along the massage lines of the face, kept for 20 minutes. Use warm water for rinsing. The ingredients in the recipe are mixed thoroughly. The composition contains:

  • a teaspoon of liquid honey;
  • egg white;
  • Glycerin is a teaspoon.

Refreshing mask for normal to combination skin

To nourish cells with moisture, add radiance to the face, refresh, a home remedy recipe will help. For combination and normal skin, masks are prepared using natural ingredients. All of them are mixed until smooth, applied for 20 minutes, removed with a cotton pad moistened with warm water. A course of 15 procedures is recommended. For cooking you will need:

  • half a glass of heavy cream;
  • egg;
  • Glycerin - 0.5 teaspoon;
  • 50 ml of vodka;
  • a spoonful of lemon juice.

Moisturizing glycerin face mask with honey and oatmeal

The composition, in the recipe of which contains oatmeal, will help to saturate dry skin with moisture well. The mask is suitable for all skin types. Oatmeal rejuvenates the face, renews cells, and produces a lifting effect. According to the recipe, it must be ground into flour. The product is applied to the skin, after 15 minutes it is removed with warm water. It is desirable to have 15 sessions. For cooking you need:

  • mix a teaspoon of honey, Glycerin, water;
  • add oat flour to the composition;
  • stir until smooth.

Anti-wrinkle age masks

To prevent the appearance of wrinkles that form with age, it is necessary to conduct courses of 20 cosmetic procedures twice a year. It is easy to make a mask with aloe juice at home. To increase its effectiveness, it is recommended to cut the leaves and put them in the refrigerator for 10 days. This will help increase the concentration of nutrients. The composition is kept on the face for 15 minutes, removed with warm water. For cooking you need:

  • aloe juice - a teaspoon;
  • Glycerin - two;
  • 5 drops of vitamin E.

A mask to which honey is added helps to prevent the formation of wrinkles. The composition is applied to the face, kept for 10 minutes, washed off with warm water. For cooking, you will need to make a decoction from a spoonful of chamomile flowers and a glass of boiling water. The mask includes:

  • egg yolk;
  • a teaspoon of Glycerin and honey;
  • butter - 5 grams;
  • chamomile broth - spoon.

Glycerin lotions for face

The peculiarity of the preparation of compositions for home care is the use of a combination of natural ingredients. The lotion includes alcohol, water, Glycerin and ingredients that are beneficial for the epidermis. With regular use:

  • the surface is cleaned of dirt, grease;
  • the face gains a healthy glow, freshness;
  • inflammation is removed;
  • early aging is prevented;
  • dead cells are removed;
  • pores are narrowed;
  • fatigue is removed;
  • the work of the sebaceous glands is normalized.

Mint

Glycerin for the face in the form of a lotion has a beneficial effect when prepared with water and mint. It is helpful to make a tonic that is suitable for all skin types. The composition is used daily, morning and evening, the face is wiped with a cotton pad dipped in lotion. For cooking you will need:

  • take half a glass of dried mint leaves;
  • pour boiling water to the top;
  • close the lid;
  • wrap up for a day;
  • strain;
  • add Glycerin - spoon;
  • mix;
  • Keep refrigerated.

Lemon Acne Tonic

To get rid of blackheads on the face, lemon juice is added to the lotion composition. The same recipe is recommended to be used, if necessary, to lighten freckles, age spots. He lubricates problem areas twice a day - in the morning and in the evening - until the ailment is eliminated. According to the recipe, it is necessary to mix the components, their amount is measured with spoons:

  • Glycerin - two;
  • purified water - half;
  • fresh lemon juice - two.

Chamomile broth with vodka

Chamomile flowers have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic effects, therefore they are used in recipes for problem skin. The use of glycerin for the face together with vodka creates an additional drying effect, which is useful for the active work of the sebaceous glands. Frequent use of the product is not recommended. The lotion is applied in the morning and at bedtime. For cooking you need:

  • in the evening, pour 2 tablespoons of chamomile flowers into a container;
  • pour boiling water - 200 ml;
  • leave wrapped overnight;
  • filter out in the morning;
  • add Glycerin - spoon;
  • 70 ml of vodka.

Rose water lotion

This composition for home use will help moisturize the skin and eliminate inflammation. You can make rose water yourself from flower petals or buy a ready-made product. It is important that the composition does not cause an allergic reaction - you need to do a test. The components are mixed in a bottle with a dispenser, sprayed on the face several times a day. To prepare the lotion you will need:

  • Glycerin - 4 spoons;
  • rose water - 300 ml.

How to flush properly

Each recipe, which includes glycerin for the face, specifies the conditions for applying the composition and how the mask is removed. Compliance with simple rules will help increase the efficiency of the procedure. If the conditions are not specified in the recipe, there are general recommendations on how to properly wash off cosmetics. Experts advise:

  • keep the composition on the face for at least half an hour, then remove;
  • when using protein, the use of warm water is required;
  • you do not need to rinse off the composition with oil, just wipe your face with a damp cloth in the morning;
  • the rest of the recipes require the use of cool water.

Course of application and duration of procedures

To enhance the effect of masks and lotions, you must adhere to certain conditions. This will help keep your face looking well-groomed and attractive. Necessary:

  • carry out procedures in courses to eliminate addiction to the product;
  • use other moisturizing preparations in between;
  • use glycerin for the face once a day, preferably at night;
  • apply masks 2 times a week;
  • course duration - 20 procedures;
  • the optimal regime is twice a year, in autumn and spring.

Is it possible to leave the mask overnight

Since the main component of masks has the ability to attract water, you can get a negative effect if you use Glycerin at night. The face can collect so much water that severe swelling will be observed in the morning. There are exceptions to the rule - masks with oils. They are applied overnight, after half an hour, the remnants of the composition are removed with a cotton pad. These tools include masks with:

  • olive oil;
  • the addition of vitamin E.

Side effects and contraindications

Cosmetics with glycerin can cause an allergic reaction. Before preparing the formulations at home, you need to do a test - apply a drop of the substance to the back of your hand. In the absence of redness, rashes in an hour, you can start preparing cosmetic preparations. Side effects include:

  • lightening of the skin - the substance washes away the melamine;
  • the appearance of inflammation, acne - the result of clogged pores;
  • overdrying of the surface of the epidermis with prolonged use of the product;
  • itching, peeling.

There are contraindications for using Glycerin in cosmetics. These include:

  • intolerance to the substance;
  • the occurrence of allergies;
  • violations of the integrity of the skin - wounds, scratches;
  • simultaneous use of silicone - can provoke dryness, peeling, inflammation;
  • hot weather;
  • cold season;
  • low indoor humidity;
  • high concentration of the substance in the composition.

Video

In a bottle Glycerin solution for external and local use contains 25 grams distilled glycerin () .

One rectal glycerin suppository includes 1.44 / 2.46 grams glycerol as an active substance and auxiliary ingredients: Polyethylene glycol(polyethylene glycol) in an amount sufficient for the preparation of one suppository weighing 1.53-1.69 / 2.61-2.89 grams; Acidum stearicum(stearic acid); Sodium carbonate decahydrate(sodium carbonate decahydrate).

Description of the release form

Medical glycerol has two dosage forms:

  • rectal suppositories;
  • solution for local and external use.

Suppositories have a pointed torpedo shape, their color is close to white. Children's candles are produced in a mass of 1.53-1.69 grams, candles for adults have a mass of 2.61 to 2.89 grams.

The liquid form of the drug is a syrupy transparent colorless liquid with a viscous consistency, odorless and with a sweetish taste. The medium of an aqueous solution of glycerin is neutral.

pharmachologic effect

Rectal glycerin suppositories belong to a group of medicines that are used to treat constipation.

Solution belong to the pharmacotherapeutic group of dermatological agents that have a softening and protective effect.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

In its pure form, glycerol irritates the skin, but this effect completely disappears when the substance is diluted with water, petroleum jelly or lanolin ... Used as an external agent, glycerol has dermatoprotective action , softens and regenerates the skin.

Antiseptic properties glycerol can be used to prevent skin wounds from getting infected.

Rectal use of glycerol provokes laxative effect ... The agent softens stool, mildly irritates the intestinal tract mucosa and stimulates the contractility of the rectal walls.

Glycerin (for internal use) can increase osmotic and reduce ocular and intracranial pressure. The use of liquid glycerin by mouth also helps to reduce cerebral edema .

Indications for use

Pharmacy glycerol is shown:

  • Rectally in the form of microclysters and candles - with and.
  • Inside- at intracranial pressure , at , Reye's syndrome (acute hepatic encephalopathy ... The tool is recommended for use in combination with other therapeutic measures.
  • Outwardly in the form of applications - to soften excessively dry skin and mucous membranes.

To prepare face lotions, glycerol is mixed with herbal decoctions, lemon peel infusion, and floral cologne. To prepare a mixture for acne, mix (20 ml), good cologne (40 ml), water (80 ml) and glycerol (5 ml).

In combination with vitamin C , or, more precisely, with its less stable form, - L-ascorbic acid , glycerol is used for cooking antioxidant serum .

Due to the properties ascorbic acid stimulate production collagen in the skin and protect against the negative effects of UV rays, this serum not only minimizes the number of wrinkles, but also makes existing scars on the skin less visible.

To prepare this remedy, you must take equal amounts vitamin C , vegetable glycerin and distilled water and mix them in a dark glass bottle. A thin layer of serum is applied to the face before bed and left on overnight.

Hair glycerin is used in the form of shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. This is due to its ability to effectively moisturize, soften and thicken hair, give it shine and stimulate growth.

Glycerin shampoos and hair masks can be purchased at the store or prepared on your own. In addition, having decided to prepare such a cosmetic product at home, you will not have to rack your brains over where to get the ingredients for it: the soap base, vitamins, and herbal preparations can be found in any pharmacy.

Glycerol is also used for hand care. The simplest pharmacological product is the so-called “smelly hand chatter”, which is a mixture of ammonia and glycerol.

At home, glycerin liquid is prepared by mixing glycerol in equal proportions with ammonia ... Rubbing in such a mixture is useful not only for the skin, but also for the nails - after several procedures, the nails acquire a beautiful color and begin to shine.

Hand glycerin can also be used in potato or fermented milk masks. The condition of the skin of the hands is also improved by warm baths with starch and glycerol, for the preparation of which they take 20 ml of glycerol, 2 tablespoons of starch and 500 ml of warm water. The bath is taken until the water begins to cool.

However, prolonged exposure to the sun, wearing open shoes and items made of synthetic materials, as well as insufficient care for the skin of the feet leads to rough, peeling and cracking of the heels.

An effective remedy for rough heels is a mixture of glycerin and acetic acid. For its preparation, vinegar essence should be added to the bottle of glycerin. The mixture in the vial is shaken and then applied with a cotton swab or cotton sponge to problem areas.

Before using glycerin with vinegar for the heels, it is recommended to steam the skin of the feet and scrub it with a pedicure brush. After applying the product, plastic bags are put on the legs, and socks are on top of them. The duration of the procedure is from half an hour to 40 minutes, but it is best to leave the mixture overnight.

Glycerin and ammonia ... The mixture is prepared as simply as described above, only the ingredients for its preparation - ammonia and glycerin - are taken in a 1: 1 ratio. Mix with ammonia for feet, it is also recommended to apply to the skin before bed and leave it on overnight.

Another simple recipe for glycerin for heels is a recipe for a mixture that contains glycerin, 10% ammonia solution, 95% ethyl alcohol, and purified water.

Preserving flowers in glycerin

Answering the question "What is glycerin?", We can say that this agent is to some extent a preservative.

It is often used as a preservative for meat, wheat grains, red blood cells, reindeer antlers, etc. Glycerol is also used for the preservation of flowers.

There are a lot of recommendations on how to keep flowers in glycerin. It is important to remember that flowers with thin leaves and very delicate petals, with this method of conservation, retain their appearance much worse than plants with denser leaves and fleshy stems (that is, this method of preserving a bouquet is more suitable for roses or orchids than for violets or poppies).

The benefits and harms of glycerol

Used for cosmetic purposes, glycerol is believed to be harmful to the skin. The following statements are only partially true.

The hygroscopic properties of this substance allow it to absorb moisture from the environment and retain it where it is used. As a result, the thinnest moist film forms on the skin, thanks to which the same moisturizing effect is felt.

However, studies have shown that in cases where the air humidity does not exceed 65%, glycerol "sucks" water from the deep layers of the skin (instead of taking moisture from the air) and retains it on the surface of the skin.

That is, the harm of vegetable glycerin is that dry skin dries up even more, since water is sucked out of young healthy cells in order to moisturize dead cells of the surface layer of the skin.

Thus, in cosmetology, the use of glycerol is recommended only with sufficient air humidity.

Contraindications

Glycerin is contraindicated for:

  • in the stage of exacerbation;
  • cracks in the anus ;
  • inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the rectum ;
  • bleeding ;
  • hypersensitivity to glycerol.

Taking glycerol inside is contraindicated in people with liver and / or kidney disease, cardiovascular disorders.

Side effects

Glycerol, when used in large quantities, causes tissue dehydration. In addition, solutions of this agent can cause allergic reactions , expressed in the form of burning, irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.

Long-term use of rectal suppositories can lead to annoyance rectum (to eliminate it, 10-15 ml of warmed vegetable oil - for example, olive or sunflower oil - should be injected into the intestine) and disruption of the physiological process of defecation. In rare cases, development of catarrhal proctitis .

Ingestion of glycerol solution by mouth can cause nausea, vomiting, headache, thirst, and hyperglycemic coma ... Long-term use leads to dehydration.

Instructions for the use of Glycerin (dosage regimen)

Suppositories Glycerin: instructions for use

For elimination suppositories with glycerin should be injected into the rectum once a day. The optimal time for the introduction of a rectal suppository is 15-20 minutes after breakfast. According to the instructions for glycerin suppositories, their use is stopped after the peristalsis of the intestinal tract is normalized. In this case, the treatment is considered successful. For children, a pediatric dosage is used.

How long does it take for glycerin suppositories to work? After about 10 minutes.

Liquid Glycerin: instructions for use

How laxative liquid glycerin is used both in pure form and in the form of concentrated solutions, it is also sometimes used in the form of microclysters with glycerin-soda water.

Inside, the agent is taken in a diluted form, mixing in equal proportions with water. The dosage is determined based on the patient's weight: for each kilogram of his body weight, it is recommended to take 2-3 ml of solution, which is equivalent to 1-1.5 grams of the drug in its pure form.

With subsequent doses of the drug, its dosage should be halved. To improve the taste, the glycerin solution is taken chilled.

Outwardly, liquid glycerin is used in the form of an 84-88% solution, treating it as needed on the affected skin.

How to use borax with glycerin

Many are interested in what borax with glycerin is. Sodium tetraborate or, as it is also called in the common people, borax Is an anesthetic with antibacterial properties, which is a salt of a strong base and a weak boric acid ... The instruction for a solution of borax in glycerin recommends the use of this remedy for the treatment of:

  • candidiasis ;
  • bedsores ;
  • stomatitis (including in newborn babies);
  • cracks in the skin and mucous membranes;
  • bacterial lesions of the mucous membrane and skin.

Borax in glycerin for thrush is especially effective if the disease is at an early stage. In this case, it may not even require the use of other drugs to treat it.

Borax is used quite simply: the agent is applied to a cotton swab and then lubricated with it on the walls of the vagina.

Borax in glycerin at stomatitis it is used externally for rinsing the mouth, treating affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as for douching. The dose is set by the attending physician, the course of treatment lasts from 7 to 10 days.

Overdose

Overdose develops with systematic use glycerol ... Its symptoms are expressed in the form of dizziness, confusion, increased dry mouth, a sharp increase in the feeling of thirst, pronounced dehydration of the body , arrhythmias , renal failure .

Interaction

The drug interactions of glycerol have not been described.

Terms of sale

Over the counter.

Storage conditions

Store in a dry, dark place, out of reach of children, at a temperature of 2 to 25 ° C.

Shelf life

For liquid Glycerin - 5 years from the date of manufacture.

For rectal suppositories - 2 years.

Glycerin for children

According to the instructions, glycerin suppositories for children over 6 years of age are recommended to be used in an amount of 1 suppository weighing 1.53-1.69 grams or 2 suppositories weighing from 2.61 to 2.89 grams per day.

Suppositories with glycerin for children aged 2 to 6 years are prescribed 1 suppository weighing 1.53-1.69 grams per day.

Glycerin for newborns

Can glycerin suppositories be used for newborns? It is recommended to use them no earlier than the child is 3 months old, and you will need special baby glycerin candles.

However, in cases where it is really necessary, suppositories with glycerin are prescribed for newborns.

The product is not addictive and does not have a negative effect on the body as a whole. However, with haphazard use in unlimited quantities, violations of physiological peristalsis and defecation , enterocolitis , medicated diarrhea , intestinal obstruction .

Glycerin during pregnancy

During pregnancy, suppositories with glycerin are one of the safest and most effective means to cope with constipation ... Glycerol is not toxic, therefore the composition of the suppositories does not harm the health of the mother and child.

By the way, according to reviews, glycerin suppositories are effective during pregnancy, after childbirth, and during breastfeeding. They are used for constipation caused by:

  • change intestinal motility due to hormonal changes and stress suffered during childbirth;
  • hemorrhoids ;
  • segmental spasm of the large intestine ;
  • psychological fear the act of defecation (especially with ruptures of the birth canal).

A 10% solution is also allowed for pregnant women. borax in glycerin, which is used to eliminate fungus and treat candidiasis .

Moreover, its use is allowed even in the early stages of pregnancy, when the use of most other drugs is highly undesirable or completely prohibited.

special instructions

Glycerin - what is it?

Glycerin is an organic compound that belongs to the class of substances polyhydric alcohols .

Since the compound has 3 hydroxyl groups (-OH), it is a trihydric alcohol or, in other words, a triol (compounds in which there are 2 hydroxyl groups - for example, ethylene glycol - are called dihydric alcohols or diols).

Being the simplest representative of the group of trihydric alcohols, the compound is characterized by chemical properties typical of the latter.

The name of the substance in Latin is Glycerinum. Product name (European Pharmacopoeia) - Glykamed.

Its structural formula is as follows:

CH2 - CH - CH2
OH OH OH

Chemical molecular formula of the substance: HOCH2-CH (OH) -CH2OH.

The molar mass is 92.094 g / mol.

In nature, the compound is widely distributed in the form glycerides (or acylglycerols ), which are esters formed by organic or mineral acids and glycerol.

Glycerides in turn are a key component of oils and fats of natural origin.

So, for example, one of the most common long-chain triglycerides, all three chains of which contain residues oleic acid , is glycerol trioleate. Its natural sources are peanut, corn, olive, soybean, sunflower oils.

Homologues - butanetriol - 1,2,4 and pentanetriol-1,3,5.

Getting glycerin

Industrial glycerin is obtained as a by-product of saponification of edible fats, which in the presence of various catalysts (enzymes, acids, alkalis) are split into glycerol and aliphatic carboxylic (fatty) acids.

To obtain glycerol and soap, the reactions of saponification of glycerol tristearate (glycerol ester of stearic acid) with sodium hydroxide are used.

In industry, synthetic methods of obtaining substances are increasingly used, one of which is the chlorohydrin method.

The method of synthesizing glycerol by oxidation is also used. propene (propylene) in the simplest unsaturated aldehyde propenal (acrolein) .

Other ways to get the substance are:

  • method of glycolic fermentation of sugar;
  • hydrolysis of starch.

Distilled glycerol is obtained in accordance with GOST 6824-96

Physical properties

In its pure form, glycerol is transparent, odorless, sweet in taste, hygroscopic (that is, it can absorb up to 40% water vapor from the air). It is soluble in water: the substance mixes well with water in various ratios, which is accompanied by the release of heat and a decrease in volume (contraction).

Wikipedia indicates that glycerol is readily soluble in water, alcohols, moderately in ether and ethyl acetate of acetic acid, and does not dissolve in most hydrocarbons, ethers and chloroform.

The melting point of the substance at normal pressure is 17.8 degrees C, the boiling point is 290 degrees C (with weak decomposition). The density of glycerol is 1.26 g / cm³.

The viscosity of glycerol is determined by the dynamic viscosity index, which changes with temperature. Thus, the viscosity index at 0 ° C is 12100 mPa * s, at 40 ° C - 330 mPa * s, and at a temperature of 200 ° C - 0.22 mPa * s.

Chemical properties of glycerin, with what does glycerin react?

Despite the fact that it is the simplest trihydric alcohol, glycerol enters into chemical reactions that are characteristic of monohydric alcohols.

Glycerol is able to interact with a large number of organic and inorganic compounds, resulting in the formation of complex, simple (aliphatic and aromatic) ethers, as well as metal acylglycerols.

Glycerin reacts with sodium, which replaces all three hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl groups —OH.

The substance has the ability to form azeotropic mixtures with naphthalene, its individual derivatives and a number of other substances.

Glycerin forms 3 series of metal derivatives - glycerates. Moreover, they are formed even when the substance interacts with heavy metal oxides. This is evidence that the properties that characterize acids are more pronounced in it than in monohydric alcohols.

Also, the substance is capable of reacting with hydrogen halides and interacting with nitric acid. The result of interaction with hydrohalic acids and halides are mono- or dihalohydrins, with nitric acid - trinitroglycerin (a heavy oily substance with explosive and, to some extent, medicinal properties).

The reaction of glycerin with copper hydroxide produces a blue solution. When polyhydric alcohols react with Cu (OH) 2 in the presence of alkali, the hydroxide dissolves, and the reaction product is a clear blue liquid.

This is a qualitative reaction for glycerin, which is used not only for the detection of glycerol, but also for the detection of other polyhydric alcohols containing hydroxyl groups (-COOH) at adjacent carbon atoms.

When interacting with inorganic and carboxylic acids, esters (complete and incomplete) are formed, as a result of the dehydration of glycerol, acrolein is obtained.

Like other alcohols, glycerol undergoes oxidation. Depending on what substance is used as an oxidizing agent, as a result of this reaction, you can get: glyceric aldehyde, glyceric, mesoxalic or tartronic acid, dihydroxyacetone.

Under the action of potassium permanganate or potassium dichromic acid glycerol is oxidized to carbon CO2 and hydrogen H2O.

By reacting with bromine water, glycerol is oxidized to dioxyacetone. This is the Deniget reaction, which is one of the methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of glycerol. The resulting dioxyacetone is reduced using Nessler's reagent and Fehling's solution.

How to recognize glycerin?

For the recognition of glycerin, copper hydroxide is the reagent. The formula for the glycerin recognition reagent is Cu (OH) 2.

To recognize a substance, you need to take CuSo4 and NaOh. When they interact, a freshly precipitated copper hydroxide is obtained, which, reacting with polyhydric alcohols, forms a clear blue solution.

What is glycerin for?

Glycerol industry, paint and varnish industry, electrical and radio engineering, tobacco and military industry, agriculture. In addition, the tool is used to blacken rubber with your own hands.

Glycerin monostearate is a high quality food grade emulsifier. In addition, it has dispersant and stabilizer properties. Possessing a rejuvenating effect, it contributes to the preservation of the freshness of products, stabilizes and improves the structure of fats.

Glycerin in cosmetics provides free water binding, thus eliminating the need to add synthetic preservatives to the latest synthetic preservatives and providing products with a shelf life sufficient for their use.

In addition, it allows the effective ingredients of a cosmetic product to be transported directly to the skin so that they can show their beneficial properties where they are needed.

Glycerol is also used in everyday life. It helps remove stubborn stains from clothes, is used as a polish on furniture, mirrors and parquet floors, and to restore the appearance of leather goods.

Tourists use glycerin and potassium permanganate to start a fire: put a little potassium permanganate on an easily flammable material and then add one or two drops of the substance. After about 15 seconds, smoke appears and spontaneous combustion occurs.

Glycerol is used to moisturize hookah tobacco. At the same time, it is better to add an agent intended for smoke machines to the hookah, since it is originally intended for evaporation. The addition of glycerol to tobacco allows:

  • increase its smokiness;
  • reanimate old and dry tobacco.

Glycerol is used to give the required density to the bubble solution.

There are a huge number of resources on the Internet that tell you how to make a good soap solution at home for a children's party. One of the more popular soap bubble recipes is mixing ⅔ cup dishwashing liquid (preferably with the least amount of impurities) with 4 cups boiled or distilled water and 40-60 ml glycerol.

Many are interested in how glycerol can be replaced at home. Common sugar has similar properties to this substance. It also increases the density of the finished slurry and improves the quality of the bubbles.

According to its chemical composition, liquid glycerin is a trihydric alcohol, the action of which is designed to form fats of natural origin and other lipids.

By its consistency, glycerin is a syrupy sweetish liquid, odorless and colorless (transparent). Glycerin has absolutely no toxic or harmful substances in its composition.

Glycerin is miscible with ethyl alcohol and water in any ratio, but it is absolutely insoluble in fatty oils and ethyl ether.

The use of glycerin

Glycerin is widely used in laboratory and pharmaceutical practice.

Glycerin is used:

  • food industry;
  • tobacco production;
  • medicine;
  • cosmetology;
  • Agriculture;
  • textile industry;
  • paper industry;
  • leather industry;
  • paint and varnish industry;
  • food industry;
  • electrical engineering;
  • radio engineering.

Glycerin is used in the manufacture of paper, plastic, cellophane, polish, varnish, capacitors, electrical insulating resin, dynamite, candles, and soap. The light industry uses the properties of glycerin to give fabrics softness and elasticity.

Application in medicine

Glycerin is used in pharmacology as a solvent for medicinal formulations and is a fundamental component of many ointments. Glycerin is also used in the manufacture of drugs such as nitroglycerin.

In pure form or in concentrated solutions, it irritates the mucous membranes and stimulates intestinal motility. Therefore, it is used to activate defecation and is used to prevent it.

Glycerin is used with an aqueous solution in a heated form to remove ear plugs. When used internally, it reduces cerebral edema and intracranial pressure, as well as reduces the volume of the vitreous body of the eye and lowers intracranial pressure.

When taken orally, glucose, glycogen and lipids can be formed from it.

Glycerin in cosmetology

When combined with ethyl alcohol, water, petroleum jelly, lanolin (10-30%), glycerin has tissue softening properties and, as a rule, is used as an emollient for mucous membranes and skin. In combination with alcohol and ammonia, it is an emollient for the skin of the hands.

Glycerin is also an excellent nourishing and moisturizer for hair.

Glycerol:

  • moisturizes dry and curly hair;
  • additionally nourishes damaged hair with split ends;
  • eliminates dandruff and scalp irritation;
  • retains the color of dyed hair;
  • restores fat balance;
  • lightens hair;
  • creates a microfilm on the surface of the hair and scalp, retaining moisture;
  • eliminates scalp itching;
  • gives shine to hair;
  • makes hair bouncy and elastic.

Homemade hygienic cosmetics are made from glycerin. It is also added to purchased cosmetics: shampoos, balms, creams and masks. 1 teaspoon of glycerin is poured into one bottle or jar.

In cosmetology, the ability of glycerin to retain moisture is widely used.

Glycerin will help get rid of cracked heels. For problem skin, a cleansing lotion is replaced with liquid glycerin. It increases the regenerative capacity of cells and helps to get rid of inflammation.

The use of glycerin in the food industry and agriculture

Due to its ability to increase the viscosity, glycerin is known as a food additive, which is used as an emulsifier.

The treatment of seeds with glycerin accelerates their germination and protects against the appearance of fungi, while the treatment of trees protects the bark from adverse weather conditions.

Side effects

An increase in plasma osmolar pressure after taking glycerol leads to the transfer of fluid from tissues to the vascular bed and, as a result, to an increase in the load on the heart.

When glycerin is applied externally in large quantities, there may be a side effect in the form of tissue dehydration, irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, it can cause itching and burning.

Glycerin is a viscous, colorless liquid with a slightly sweetish taste. Glycerin is safe for human consumption. It is found in many foods, from candy to toothpaste. The widespread use of glycerin in the pharmaceutical, confectionery, cosmetic and other industries is due to its properties.

Glycerin properties

Glycerin is an organic compound. Glycerin is obtained from vegetable and animal oils. Glycerin is readily soluble in water and alcohol. On the other hand, many substances that are poorly soluble in alcohol and water can dissolve in glycerin. From this we can conclude that glycerin is a good solvent.

Glycerin is 1500 times more viscous than water. This viscous transparent liquid has a high boiling point and practically does not freeze.

Since glycerin does not react with oils, and therefore is more resistant to oxidation than minerals, glycerin can be used as a lubricant. It can be used to lubricate parts and mechanical parts that are exposed to benzene or gasoline, as they do not dissolve in glycerin.

The transparent color allows it to be used in many industries, as it does not in any way reflect on the color of the final product.

Glycerin is a hygroscopic liquid. If you drop pure glycerin on your tongue, you can get burned. But when diluted with water, glycerin moisturizes the skin well.

How is glycerin obtained

Glycerin is a byproduct of soap making. Until 1889, they did not know how to restore it in the process of soap making.

In 1889, a way was found to separate the glycerin from the soap. Its main application at that time was the production of nitroglycerin, from which dynamite was made.

The process of removing glycerin from soap is quite complicated. Soap is made from vegetable or animal fats, which already contain 7 to 13 percent glycerin. When fats react with alkali, soap is formed. But the glycerin is in the soap itself.

When salt is added, the soap separates, and the remaining liquid residue contains glycerin and other impurities. Then, by the method of hydrolysis, glycerin is separated and then by filtration through carbon filters or using other methods, it is purified.

Glycerin composition

Glycerin has the molecular formula C3H5 (OH) 3. It consists of a chain of three carbon atoms, such that each carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom (H +) and a hydroxyl group (OH-). Each of the two terminal carbon atoms has an extra hydrogen atom, so all three carbon atoms have a total of four bonds. Carbon has a valency of four, which means it tends to form four bonds.

Fatty acids are a class of compounds that are essentially long chains of carbon atoms attached to various combinations of oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Each fatty acid molecule ends with a carbon atom that forms a double bond with an oxygen atom and a single bond with a hydroxyl group. This group has the formula COOH- and is called a carboxyl group.

Triglycerides are esters of glycerol with long chain carboxylic acids.

The use of glycerin

Glycerin is used in many fields, including medicine.

Food industry

In foods and beverages, glycerin serves as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener. It is used for the production of low-calorie foods as a fat substitute, as a thickener in liqueurs.

Glycerin is also used as a sugar substitute. Unlike sugar, it inhibits the growth of bacteria. In addition, glycerol has a lower glycemic index. In food products, glycerin is referred to as E 422.

Glycerin in medicine

In medicine, glycerin is used in cough syrups, elixirs, and expectorants. It is used in the manufacture of toothpastes, mouthwashes.

In solid medicines such as tablets, glycerin is used as a humectant.

Glycerin has laxative properties and is used as a laxative in suppositories or as microclysters.

Glycerin, often mixed with fruit juice to reduce the sweet taste, can be taken as the first emergency treatment for high eye pressure. It quickly reduces intraocular pressure.

Glycerin is a diuretic, which means it can cause dehydration and should not be used regularly.

Glycerin in cosmetics

In cosmetics, glycerin is used as a moisturizing ingredient in skin care products, shaving creams and other personal care products.

Glycerin is the main ingredient in glycerin soaps. This type of soap is used by people with sensitive skin prone to irritation and dry skin.

Means with glycerin are used for dry, flaky skin, with itchy skin and skin irritations.

The use of glycerin inside

Glycerin is safe for humans and is used as a medicine. Glycerin is used internally:

For weight loss;

Improving stamina during exercise, helping the body prevent moisture loss;

During diarrhea and vomiting, to replace the loss of water;

With glaucoma, to reduce eye pressure;

Intravenous glycerin is injected to reduce intracranial pressure in stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, Reine syndrome, trauma and tumors of the central nervous system;

To reduce cerebral edema during neurosurgical operations;

With fainting in violation of blood flow to the brain.

Athletes use glycerin to help prevent dehydration.

Rectally glycerin is used as a laxative. Glycerin's action is based on its ability to draw water into the intestines, thereby softening stools and making it easier for them to pass along the intestines and prevent constipation.

For adults, the norm is 2-3 grams in the form of a suppository or 5-15 ml in the form of a micro enema.

For children under the age of six - 1-1.7 grams in the form of suppositories or 2-5 ml in the form of microclysters.

The harm of glycerin

Glycerin is safe for most adults. Glycerin does not belong to the agents that cause fermentation in the body and the growth of bacteria. It is well absorbed in the small intestine and does not enter the large intestine.

Glycerin has no harmful carcinogenic properties that damage DNA and cause innate effects. The main harm of glycerin to the body is side effects or dehydration of the body with uncontrolled use or without a doctor's prescription.

When taken internally, glycerin can cause side effects, which can include headaches, dizziness, bloating, nausea, vomiting, thirst, or diarrhea.

Glycerin should be used with caution when used intravenously.

There is no data on the use of glycerin by mouth by pregnant and lactating women. Therefore, it is better to refuse the internal use of glycerin at this time.

The use of glycerin as a laxative can also cause a number of side effects, such as dry mouth, nausea, headache, diarrhea, and excessive urination, which can ultimately lead to dehydration.

Since vegetable glycerin is mainly obtained from palm or coconut oil, it can cause an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to these foods.

How to use glycerin

You need to use glycerin in accordance with the instructions on the package. If you are unsure of the veracity of any information, consult your doctor.

Some products that include glycerin need to be shaken before use.

To moisturize and soften the skin of your hands, you will most likely need to apply glycerin every time you wash your hands.

When treating diaper rash, you need to wipe dry the skin, where you will apply glycerin.

When using glycerin or a product with it to treat skin burns after radiation after radiation therapy, you need to make sure whether it can be used after such a procedure.

When applied to the skin, avoid contact with eyes, mouth and nose.

Glycerin is widely used in many industries. What is it and what are the main properties of this substance? For the first time, glycerin was obtained by the Swedish chemist K. Scheele at the end of the eighteenth century. Since then, due to its properties, it has been used in medicine, cosmetology, and even in the food industry.

Glycerin - what is it? Basic physical properties

This colorless liquid is a trihydric alcohol. Glycerin can also be in the form of crystals that melt at low temperatures (17 ° C). The boiling point is approximately 290 ° C. Glycerin mixes easily with alcohol, water, and is also a good solvent for many compounds (both organic and inorganic). The main physical properties are hygroscopicity, odorless, colorless. It should be noted that this is not a toxic substance, and therefore safe for human health. However, there is also such a name as glycerol (this is how unnatural glycerin is denoted in English). What it is? This substance is not obtained from natural fats. In the Russian language, there is no division into glycerin and glycerol.

How is glycerin obtained

The first sample of glycerin was obtained by heating lead oxide and olive oil. As a result of chemical reactions, a sweet solution was obtained. By evaporating it, Scheele obtained a heavy viscous substance. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, glycerin was also obtained industrially (by saponification of fats with hydroxides). A little later, another method was developed. A certain amount of water was added to the fats. Then this mixture was heated. In this case, the mixture decomposed into fatty acids and glycerin directly. The whole process took about 12 hours. The composition of glycerin was as follows: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. That is, the molecule includes three hydroxyl groups (CH 2 OH-CHOH-CH 2 OH). The described method is widely used in Russia. But there are several more ways to obtain a substance. One of them is the distillation of glycerin along with steam. In this way, distilled glycerin can be obtained. a purified material that is well suited for indoor applications (such as medicine or food processing). Also used for production are emulsifiers - sulfone-oil acids.

The use of glycerin in cosmetology

In cosmetology, a substance such as glycerin is widely used. The price (from 10 rubles) allows you to use it in large quantities, while cosmetic products will still be available. Its main feature is its ability to adsorb moisture from the environment. It, like a sponge, absorbs water molecules from the air and saturates the skin with it. Glycerin is found in many face, body and hand creams. There are also many recipes for natural masks and other products based on this substance that can be prepared at home. However, it is worth remembering that excessively dry air (for example, during the heating season, in summer) contributes to the fact that glycerin creates a film on the surface of the epidermis. As a result, moisture is no longer absorbed from the atmosphere, but from the deep layers of our skin. Accordingly, it becomes drier, irritation may appear. Cosmetics should contain no more than 7% glycerin. Only in this case will it give the desired effect.

Pharmacological glycerin. What it is? The use of this substance in medicine

First of all, in order to use glycerin in medicines, it must be thoroughly cleaned of all kinds of impurities. In its pure form, such a substance has good antiseptic properties. It can be found in all kinds of ointments for skin problems, while glycerin also promotes wound healing. Also, due to its ability to absorb and retain moisture, it is added to various tablets. It also imparts characteristic viscosity to syrups, ointments, and pastes. It should be noted that glycerin allows you to create more concentrated preparations (when replacing water with this substance). Glycerin in the pharmacy can also be found as rectal suppositories. They are great for constipation, stimulate intestinal motility. There are also recipes for traditional medicine, which are based on the use of glycerin.

Folk recipes using glycerin

Many people know a cough remedy based on honey, lemon juice and glycerin. To do this, wash the lemon thoroughly, boil it in slowly boiling water for about 10 minutes. Then juice is squeezed out of the lemon, glycerin is added. The price of glycerin for internal use will be slightly higher (from 50 rubles). Then honey is added to the mixture. Such a medicine is taken in a teaspoon 3-4 times a day.

Also, glycerin will help in the fight against cracked heels. To do this, you need to add a small amount of vinegar to it and lubricate the heels with the resulting composition before going to bed. The mixture can also be applied as masks. It is necessary to keep them on their legs for several hours to achieve maximum results.

There is also a recipe for joint pain. It is necessary to mix equal amounts of iodine, honey and glycerin. Reviews of such a tool are excellent. The ointment also helps with injuries of the musculoskeletal system.

Glycerin and food

In the modern food industry, glycerin can be found in almost every confectionery product. Creams, sweets, chocolate, baked goods - this is not a complete list of products that may contain food-grade glycerin. It can also be found in flour products. Thanks to the use of this substance, the bread may not stale for a longer time, when baked, its volume increases, and the pasta becomes less sticky. Another area of ​​application is the alcohol industry. Glycerin is found in almost all liqueurs. It can also be found in soft drinks.

Other areas of application

The solution of glycerin has a variety. It is used in agriculture for seed treatment. The preparations that contain this substance perfectly protect the bark of trees from pests and bad weather. Also, glycerin is used in the military, the transport industry (it is introduced into the composition of antifreeze and when adding a substance to tobacco, the moisture content of the latter is regulated, its taste softens. It is also used in the manufacture of liquid for electronic cigarettes. Consumer reviews say that glycerin is indispensable in everyday life. C it can be used to add shine to laminate, remove stains from berries, tea, coffee, clean leather products and give them their original shine.