Preservation of the physical health of preschool children. Features of health improvement in infancy, preschool, school and adolescence. Organization of events aimed at preserving, strengthening and general development of the child's body

06.05.2019

Everyone needs health - children, adults, and even animals. Children's health is the future of our country.

In modern conditions, there is a sharp deterioration in the state of health of children. According to the Research Institute of Social Hygiene and Health Organization named after V.I. ON THE. Semashko, in Russia about 40% of children can be considered conditionally healthy. However, health does not exist by itself, once given, it is permanent and unchanging. You need to be willing and able to take care of your health. If you do not monitor your health, you can lose it. Maintaining and improving health is a tremendous daily work, starting from birth.

After analyzing the state of health of children who come to our kindergarten, I noted that most children already have a whole bunch of diseases, such as: bronchial asthma, allergic dermatitis, neurological diseases, umbilical hernia, FSS, there are children with an open oval window.

There are more and more children with frequent colds. So, on average, in 2008, there are 22 days of ARVI disease per one child in early preschool age (MDOU “Kindergarten No. 72”, Biysk).

Strengthening the health of children should be carried out jointly by the family and the kindergarten. In this case, the leading role belongs to the preschool institution, where the child spends most of his active time.

Consequently, strengthening the health of children in preschool institutions is the primary task of the teaching and medical staff. What do you need to do to be healthy? Since ancient times, hardening has been observed to promote health. Therefore, tempering measures should form the basis of the educational and recreational process, the purpose of which is to reduce the incidence of diseases in children.

In order to help children preserve and strengthen the health of children, to educate their needs for health as a vital value, a conscious desire to lead a healthy lifestyle, a responsible attitude to their health, the program “Baby is strong” has been developed. This program is designed for children of primary preschool age attending kindergarten, the goal of which is to create conditions for strengthening the health of children through the active use of hardening.

Hardening is one of the most effective means of health promotion and disease prevention. It has a positive effect on the mechanisms of adaptation to cold and heat, weakens the negative reactions of our body to weather changes, increases resistance to viral and bacterial infections, creates a strong shield against colds and thereby significantly prolongs the active creative life of a person. Everyone needs to temper their body. It is better to start hardening from an early age. The main natural hardening factors are air, sun and water. Sufficient exposure of the child to the air; regular ventilation of the room; clothing that allows you to move freely without overheating - all these factors constantly and naturally have a hardening effect on the body. This program has developed a set of measures aimed at providing conditions for strengthening the health of children. (Annex 1):

through ventilation;
compliance with the sanitary and hygienic regime;
morning exercises in a ventilated area;
breathing exercises (2-3 times a day);
play massage (2-3 times a day);
gymnastics in bed after a nap;
walking barefoot on “miracle” rugs;
salt paths;
washing with cool water;
walk in the fresh air;
outdoor games;
health days;
joint entertainment of parents and children;
optimal alternation of different activities

Prospective-thematic planning (Appendix 2).

Morning exercises. The main task of morning exercises is to strengthen and improve the child's body. The movements that are given in morning exercises strengthen all psychological processes: breathing, blood circulation, metabolism, help the development of correct posture.

I start morning exercises with the words:

“Dili-dili! Dili-dili!
Bells woke up
Everyone is bunny and everyone is hedgehog,
All the lazy bears.
And the sparrow woke up
And the little daw perked up ...
For charging,
For charging,
Who is skipping,
Who squat
Through the field,
Straight -
Jump, jump, jump ... "

In addition to health-improving value, morning exercises also have educational value. With the help of morning exercises, children are accustomed to a certain regimen.

Through daily exercise, children improve their basic movements: running, walking, jumping. Children acquire and consolidate the skills of placement in space - building in columns at a certain distance from each other using an eye gauge, and not outstretched arms. The children are brought up endurance, organization, discipline. Morning exercises help develop attention in children. Without attention, a good quality of movement cannot be achieved. Children develop memory, the ability to do exercises by showing, by word. Daily morning exercises organize children for further activities.

In order for the child to receive a charge of vivacity, good mood and feel comfortable after charging, I try to carry it out as interestingly as possible, using an artistic word, various objects (cubes, handkerchiefs, flags, balls, sultans). At the end of the charge, I conduct an outdoor game.

Play massage is the basis for hardening and healing the child's body.

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Respiratory gymnastics strengthens the respiratory muscles, improves blood circulation in the upper respiratory tract and increases resistance to colds, as well as stamina during physical exertion. Its essence lies in the implementation of a set of game exercises with the nose.

An intense action on the fingertips stimulates blood flow to the hands. This favors psycho-emotional stability and physical health, increases the functional activity of the brain, tones the entire body.

A large number of biologically active points are located on the auricle, which are reflexively connected with all organs of the body. Playing with the ears is useful, in particular, for improving the functioning of the respiratory system and for protecting the body from colds.

I do the exercises 2-3 times a day, using various rhymes that correspond to the actions being performed. Children take part in such a game with great pleasure.

Gymnastics in bed. After a nap, I do a hardening exercise in bed. Children awaken to the sound of flowing music, the volume of which increases. I begin to carry out gymnastics with the awakened children, the rest join as they wake up. It includes elements such as stretching, alternately raising and lowering arms, legs, finger gymnastics, eye gymnastics, and breathing exercises. The main rule is the exclusion of sudden movements, which can cause muscle strain, overexcitation and, as a result, dizziness. The duration of gymnastics in bed is 2-3 minutes. Then children move on to performing a complex of breathing exercises, which is very important for the prevention of colds and diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

In order to evoke an emotional response in children, as well as a desire to do the exercises with the teacher, I use play exercises, accompanying them with various verses.

Rice. 4

Rice. 5

Salt paths, "miracle" - rugs. Walking on salt lanes is an effective means of hardening. The effect of salt lanes is that the salt irritates the child's foot, which is rich in nerve endings.

The procedure is as follows.

The child stands with his feet on the first napkin moistened with saline, and then switches to the second wet one, wipes the salt from the soles of the feet, and goes to dry, wiping the feet dry. An important point when carrying out hardening on salt lanes is that the foot must be preheated. The foot is easy to stretch and warm up from natural exercise. Therefore, children first walk over the "miracle" - rugs. "Miracle" - rugs are made of various waste and natural materials: felt-tip pens, bottle caps, buttons, pebbles, cones. All children enjoy these exercises.

Rice. 6

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Air procedures. Practice shows that any exposure to low temperature air has a beneficial hardening effect, training vegetative vascular reactions, i.e. improves physical thermoregulation.

Therefore, walking undressed on “miracle” rugs, dressing a child before bedtime, sleeping in a T-shirt in cold weather, and in panties in warm weather, as well as walking on “miracle” rugs after sleep is the most valuable tempering event.

Water procedures. Water procedures have a more intense hardening effect than air baths. Washing is the most accessible type of water hardening in everyday life. Young children are advised to wash not only their face, but also their hands up to the elbow daily.

Children love to play with water; such activities improve their mood, evoke joyful emotions in them. I use this to improve the health of the child's body.

Rice. eight

Walk. Outdoor games. Keeping children in the fresh air is of great importance for physical development. A walk is the first and most accessible means of hardening a child's body. It helps to increase its endurance and resistance to adverse environmental influences, especially to colds.

We go for a walk in any weather, except for strong winds or heavy rain, and when the air temperature is not lower than - 15 C. I will organize the walk so that it is interesting for children. Children should not be allowed to wet their hands and feet in winter. It is known that the hands and feet contain many thermoreceptors directly associated with the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, therefore, when cooling, a rapid manifestation of a reflex effect on the mucous membrane in the form of coughing, runny nose, sneezing, etc. is possible. The walk includes an active game with an increased motor regime, in which exercises of a cyclical nature prevail (running, jumping, ball games). During the walk, I play 2-3 different games. Folk group games help to maintain an active motor regime. Insignificant fatigue caused by participation in outdoor games is useful: by systematically repeating itself, it helps the body to adapt to increased physical activity, increase efficiency.

Health days. Once a month I have a health day. During the day, a colorful announcement, posters with proverbs and sayings about health, about the benefits of hardening the body are posted in the reception. Reception of children on this day is conducted to the sounds of cheerful music. Throughout the day, children take an active part in outdoor games, dances, attractions. Various sports equipment (balls, balloons, ring throws, hoops, skittles) are displayed in accessible places. Surprise moments await children (the cat Leopold, Winnie the Pooh, Carlson comes to visit). These days of health have established themselves as the most acceptable and effective form of active recreation for children.

Working with parents. In my work, I pay special attention to interaction with parents, since I believe that the family, including all its members, should also be at the center of the work to preserve and improve the health of children. I introduce active methods and forms with my family. It has become a tradition to hold physical culture entertainment for parents and children. Each time after such events, children and parents understand each other better, get a great emotional charge. Organization of work with parents on the problem of preserving and strengthening the health of children includes.

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- questionnaire "Strengthening children's health and reducing morbidity" (Appendix 3).

- parenting meetings: "Prevention of colds through hardening activities",

- consultations: "Tempering the body with the sun, air, water",

- Moving folders: "Helpful advice for parents", "Games that heal", "Prevention of colds",

- pedagogical conversations with parents (individual and group) on hardening problems

- organization of joint affairs: physical culture entertainment "Fair"

- photo exhibitions: “We are strong friends with the sun, air, water with the whole family”, “A healthy mind in a healthy body”.

Optimal alternation of different activities. When conducting classes, I use health-preserving technologies aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of babies. In the classroom, children walk, stand, sit on a chair, on the floor, look for objects, reach for them. The complex of physical minutes spent during classes is of a playful and creative nature, includes: elements of breathing exercises, exercises for the eyes, finger exercises, exercises for the back, neck, arms, legs. I select physical education minutes in accordance with the topic of the lesson, they are not some separate part of the lesson. At the end of the lesson, I conduct an outdoor game or perform dance movements to music.

I spend physical education, also during the day, when switching from one type of activity to another.

Conditions have been created for the physical development of children in the group. There is sports equipment and equipment for physical activity: balls (rubber, printed); hoops of different sizes; rolling toys; ladders (oblique and vertical)... The group has a place for children to play together, there is an open space for hanging toys. All sports equipment and equipment are available for children.

The result of my work is the following indicators: a decrease in the proportion of frequently ill children, a decrease in the number of days due to ARVI illness, and a decrease in the number of days missed by one child on average due to illness.

Literature:

Berestneva Z.I. Healthy baby. Children's health improvement program at preschool educational institution [Text] / Z.I. Berestnev; M: Creative Center 2008.
Veselova L. I. Physical culture entertainment [Text] // Child in kindergarten М: № 5 2008.
Galanov A.S. Mental and physical development of a child from one to three years old [Text] / AS. Galanov; M: ARKTI 2003.
T. I. Osokina... Outdoor games and entertainment for children [Text] / T. I. Osokina, E. A. Timofeeva, L. S. Furmina; M: Enlightenment 1983.
Shiryaeva I. Hardening of children [Text] // Child in kindergarten M: No. 6 2001.
M. N. Kuznetsova Contrast hardening [Text] // Child in kindergarten M: № 12 2001.
Egorov B. Recreational and educational work with weakened children [Text] // Child in kindergarten M: No. 12 2001.

Currently, one of the most important and global problems is the state of children's health. Raising a healthy child is the most important thing that needs to be done by us, teachers of preschool institutions. Full physical development and health of a child is the basis for personality formation. At the preschool age, the child learns the basic skills for the formation of health, this is the most favorable time for developing the right habits, which, in combination with teaching preschool children the methods of improving and maintaining health, will lead to positive results. And therefore, in a preschool educational institution, the compulsory and primary task of working with children should be the task of strengthening the health of the child and increasing the resistance of his body to unfavorable environmental factors. Hence follows the enormous importance of health-improving work with children, which is defined as a system of hygienic, health-improving and therapeutic-prophylactic measures aimed at protecting and strengthening the health of children, as well as their development. Only a healthy child is happy to be involved in all types of activities, he is cheerful, optimistic, open in communication with peers and teachers. This is the key to the successful development of all spheres of the personality, all of its properties and qualities.

I am not afraid to repeat again and again: taking care of health is the most important work of an educator. The health of a child from the first days of life depends on the micro-society that surrounds him. Children's health is the future of our country and its national security. The child's attitude to their health is the foundation on which to build the building of the need for a healthy lifestyle.

The main purpose of the work:

ensuring a high level of children's health;
fostering a culture of a child's conscious attitude to a healthy lifestyle.

In this regard, the following tasks were set:

provide the preschooler with the opportunity to maintain health;
to form in children the necessary knowledge, abilities and skills for a healthy lifestyle;
foster a desire to take care of their own health;
teach to use the knowledge gained in everyday life.

The group has created the necessary pedagogical conditions for the health-preserving process of upbringing and development of children: organization of various types of activities of children in a playful way; building the educational process of preschoolers; equipping the group with a variety of sports equipment. The health corner contains: balls, skipping ropes, hoops, flags, ribbons, sticks, bags, skittles, various equipment for hand massage, massage paths for walking, for the prevention of flat feet, ropes, rope, card indexes of games and gymnastics, non-traditional equipment made by our own hands. The group has a lot of toys, sports games: Football, Hockey, Badminton, Fishing, Hit the Target, Banners, Rewind, etc.

In joint activities, role-playing games, children get acquainted with professions that help them to be healthy. For example, during the role-playing games "Hospital", "Ambulance", children expand their knowledge of the work of a doctor. All this work is carried out in an integrated manner, during the day. A playful approach to working with children allows them to unobtrusively form a conscious attitude towards their health without unnecessary guidance, lengthy and tedious training.

Children are directly taught elementary techniques of a healthy lifestyle (wellness, breathing, articulation, finger gymnastics, eye exercises, self-massage, acupressure, fairy tale therapy, relaxation, game therapy and other health technologies).

Mandatory element health-preserving organization is morning exercises. I select the complex of morning exercises taking into account the motor skills and abilities of children. I use musical accompaniment to help children emotionally and physically liberate themselves.

I pay special attention to teaching preschoolers the basic movements and skills of a healthy lifestyle; I apply in practice the introduction of various methods and techniques to create a health-preserving process in my group.

Wellness minutes, or as we traditionally call them physical exercises, can include breathing exercises in a playful form, eye exercises, finger exercises, and self-massage.

I use dynamic pauses during classes for 2-5 minutes as children get tired.

2. Gymnastics for the eyes

Every day, during a dynamic pause, I spend with children gymnastics for the eyes.

The purpose of the visual gymnastics- is the formation in preschool children of ideas about the need to take care of their health, about the importance of vision, as an integral part of maintaining and strengthening health.

Such exercises are necessary in order to preserve the vision of babies. After all, 90% of information comes just through the eyes. They work throughout the entire time the child is awake, sometimes experiencing tremendous stress. Eye exercises you can do with babies are pretty simple. It is necessary to blink with them, ask them to close their eyes, open their eyes wide and look into the distance. It is also interesting for children to follow a finger that either approaches the nose or moves away from it Visual simulators. These can be pictures, objects that allow you to train your vision. With their help, classes are held in kindergarten. Especially in older groups. Such health-preserving technologies should be used constantly in kindergarten.

The point is that you cannot use exercises for older children when working with younger children. Firstly, babies under 3 years old react worse to the so-called fast movements, and secondly, very young children cannot devote too much time to exercises. Therefore, the complex should be limited to not too long short exercises (time up to 5 minutes). The older the child is, the more time you can spend.

By using additional attributes, the following types of exercises can be distinguished.

1. With objects, for example, working with cards located on the walls.

Using special fields (any colored figures are shown (oval, figure eight, wave, spiral, rhombus, etc.) or fancifully crossed lines of different colors 1 cm thick.This poster is placed above the level eye anywhere convenient (above the board, on the side wall)... At the request of the teacher, children begin "Run through" through the eyes along a given trajectory. At the same time, it is advisable to give each exercise a playful or creative character to the exercises.

2. No attributes (no items and posters are used)

Blinking. Disguise exercise as a game. For example, act out a certain situation. Flight to the moon, for example, imagine yourself in a rocket, and then, to start it, you need to blink. And the kids will repeat it with pleasure. 10-12 blinks are enough. Frequent at first, then slower.

The next thing is to close your eyes. Literally 3-5 times.

Drawing with a spout. To do this, ask the kids to draw a simple figure as if a pencil is attached to the nose.

Thus, in a playful way with preschoolers, you can warm up for the eyes. As a result, healthy vision, less fatigue and more learning opportunities.

3. Respiratory gymnastics

It is very important to pay attention to correct breathing. During inhalation, the chest should expand, while the air entering the lungs enters the alveoli, where the blood is saturated with oxygen. It is important that babies do not breathe superficially, but deeply. Stimulating exercises are necessary not only for children suffering from frequent colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, but also for relatively healthy babies. Gymnastics for breathing is especially effective in treating diseases, it can perfectly complement medication, physiotherapy and even homeopathic treatment. The "train" exercise is well suited for these purposes. When walking, it is necessary to make movements with your hands, depicting a train ride and say "chug-chukh". It is also good to do bends - first inhale, then the body bends to the side and exhale. The exercise "watch" is also popular in DO: the children stand up straight and begin to wave their arms back and forth, while pronouncing "tick-tock".

4. Finger gymnastics

For the development of fine motor skills and the entertainment of children, it is important to carry out regular warm-ups with them. Scientists have proven that it is the stimulation of the fingers of the crumbs that contributes to the development of speech. In addition, it is necessary so that the baby can do better with drawing and writing and less tiredness during classes. Children 4-5 years old can do many exercises on their own. From your fingers, you can offer to fold glasses, make a bunny, a dog or a mask. These are fairly simple health-preserving pedagogical technologies, but their benefits can hardly be overestimated. Regular use of them in the garden and at home will help the child develop fine motor skills and, accordingly, stimulate speech.

5. Awakening gymnastics

Another element related to the complex of measures aimed at maintaining and promoting health is exercises that are performed after a nap. They may differ depending on the conditions of the preschool educational institution. Often they do exercises on beds, self-massage, extensive washing, walks on ribbed boards, jogging from the bedroom to the playroom, in which a slight temperature difference is maintained. The complex of invigorating gymnastics can include exercises for the prevention of posture disorders, prevention of flat feet, elements of finger and breathing exercises and other types. Health-saving technologies to keep babies healthy and active also include walking in circles on toes, heels, and slow jogging. After such exercises, hardening is considered effective. Such invigorating procedures allow the baby's body to quickly engage in a working rhythm and strengthen his health.

In many preschool institutions, an important role is given to the development of self-massage skills. It helps not only relax muscles, relieve tension, but also improve coordination. Specially designed exercises can help you learn how to switch movements - slow down unnecessary ones and activate the necessary ones. Children are taught to massage palms, forearms, hands. For this, movements such as stroking, pressing, rubbing, patting, pinching, extension / flexion of the fingers are used. For such a massage, improvised items can also be used: pencils, balls, balls. In this case, it is important that the movements are performed in the direction of the lymph nodes: from the fingers to the wrists, from the hands to the elbows. Self-massage of the face is very useful. It increases the intellectual activity of children by 75%.

7. Outdoor games

Outdoor and sports games develop perseverance, courage, determination, initiative, intelligence and thinking in children. The set of activities, which in official documents are called "health-preserving technologies in kindergarten", must include outdoor games. It can be running in pairs, overcoming simple obstacles. Popular games in which children, divided into 2 teams, have to collect certain items for speed. Any other types of outdoor games are also welcome.

Rest and relaxation are of particular importance. For these purposes, I turn on the sounds of nature or calm classical music for kids.

Relaxation breaks help relieve mental, nervous and emotional stress. Timely relaxation can help replenish strength, rest the muscles and prevent emotions from being overwhelmed. These are very important health-preserving technologies according to the Federal State Educational Standard.

9. Physical education classes

Particular attention is paid to physical education. Physical culture and health technologies consist of an established program, according to which children should be engaged with a special instructor under the supervision of educators.

Health-preserving technologies of physical culture are more in demand among older children. For the smallest, 10 minutes of physical education is enough. For younger children, the lesson should last up to 20 minutes, the middle one - up to 25, the older one - for 25-30 minutes. Before physical education, the room is ventilated, only after that it is possible to have children in it.

The main task of these classes is the formation of the necessary motor skills and abilities in babies, the development of physical qualities. It is also important to create conditions for children to realize their need for physical activity. All of this is the foundation for their physical and mental well-being.

Thus, each of the technologies considered has a health-improving orientation, and the health-preserving activity used in the complex ultimately helps to form in children a persistent motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

One of the main directions in the formation of a physically and mentally healthy child is work with parents.

Encouraging parents to participate in physical education activities of preschool education.

In working with parents, we strive to form their ideas about the influence of the child's health on the success of his education, increase their activity in planning and organizing events aimed at improving the health of children in the process of educational activities (thematic parent meetings, teacher consultations). Various sports events and leisure activities are held ("Day of Health", "Mom, Dad and I are a Sports Family", "We are Men!") During which teachers, parents and children cooperate for the benefit of health.

Strengthening and maintaining children's health

preschool age

Everyone needs health - children, adults, and even animals. Children's health is the future of our country.

In modern conditions, there is a sharp deterioration in the state of health of children. However, health does not exist by itself, once given, it is permanent and unchanging. You need to be willing and able to take care of your health. If you do not monitor your health, you can lose it. Maintaining and improving health is a tremendous daily work, starting from birth.

After analyzing the health status of children who come to our kindergarten, it is noted that most children already have a whole bunch of diseases, such as: bronchial asthma, allergic dermatitis, neurological diseases, umbilical hernia, FSS, etc. There are more and more children with frequent colds.

Hardening is one of the most effective means of health promotion and disease prevention. It has a positive effect on the mechanisms of adaptation to cold and heat, weakens the negative reactions of our body to weather changes, increases resistance to viral and bacterial infections, creates a strong shield against colds and thereby significantly prolongs the active creative life of a person. Everyone needs to temper their body. It is better to start hardening from an early age. The main natural hardening factors are air, sun and water. Sufficient exposure of the child to the air; regular ventilation of the room; clothing that allows you to move freely without overheating - all these factors constantly and naturally have a hardening effect on the body.

A set of measures has been developed to ensure conditions for strengthening the health of children..

through ventilation;

compliance with the sanitary and hygienic regime;

morning exercises in a ventilated area;

breathing exercises (2-3 times a day);

play massage (2-3 times a day);

gymnastics in bed after a nap;

walking barefoot on “miracle” rugs;

salt paths;

washing with cool water;

walk in the fresh air;

outdoor games;

health days;

joint entertainment of parents and children;

optimal alternation of different activities

Morning exercises. The main task of morning exercises is to strengthen and improve the child's body. The movements that are given in morning exercises strengthen all psychological processes: breathing, blood circulation, metabolism, help the development of correct posture.

Morning exercises can be started with the words:

“Dili-dili! Dili-dili!
Bells woke up
Everyone is bunny and everyone is hedgehog,
All the lazy bears.
And the sparrow woke up
And the little daw perked up ...
For charging,
For charging,
Who is skipping,
Who squat
Through the field,
Straight -
Jump, jump, jump ... "

In addition to health-improving value, morning exercises also have educational value. With the help of morning exercises, children are accustomed to a certain regimen.

In order for the child to receive a charge of vivacity, good mood and feel comfortable after charging, it is necessary to carry it out as interestingly as possible, using an artistic word, various objects (cubes, handkerchiefs, flags, balls, sultans).

Play massage is the basis for hardening and healing the child's body.

Breathing exercises strengthens the respiratory muscles,

improves blood circulation in the upper respiratory tract and increases resistance to colds, as well as stamina during exercise. Its essence lies in the implementation of a set of game exercises with the nose.

Exercises are carried out 2-3 times a day, using various rhymes corresponding to the actions performed. Children take part in such a game with great pleasure.

Gymnastics in bed. After a nap, a hardening exercise is carried out in bed. Children awaken to the sound of flowing music, the volume of which increases. We begin to carry out gymnastics with the awakened children, the rest join as they wake up. It includes elements such as stretching, alternately raising and lowering arms, legs, finger gymnastics, eye gymnastics, and breathing exercises. The main rule is the exclusion of sudden movements, which can cause muscle strain, overexcitation and, as a result, dizziness. The duration of gymnastics in bed is 2-3 minutes. Then children move on to performing a complex of breathing exercises, which is very important for the prevention of colds and diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

In order to evoke an emotional response in children, as well as a desire to do the exercises with the teacher, I use play exercises, accompanying them with various verses.

Salt paths, "miracle" - rugs. Walking on salt lanes is an effective means of hardening. The effect of salt lanes is that the salt irritates the child's foot, which is rich in nerve endings.

The procedure is as follows.

Air procedures ... Practice shows that any exposure to low temperature air has a beneficial hardening effect, training vegetative vascular reactions, i.e. improves physical thermoregulation.

Water procedures ... Water procedures have a more intense hardening effect than air baths. Washing is the most accessible type of water hardening in everyday life. Young children are advised to wash not only their face, but also their hands up to the elbow daily.

Children love to play with water; such activities improve their mood, evoke joyful emotions in them. I use this to improve the health of the child's body.

Walk. Outdoor games. Keeping children in the fresh air is of great importance for physical development. A walk is the first and most accessible means of hardening a child's body. It helps to increase its endurance and resistance to adverse environmental influences, especially to colds.

We go for a walk in any weather, except for strong winds or heavy rain, and at an air temperature of at least - 15 WITH ... The walk is organized so that it is interesting for children. Children should not be allowed to wet their hands and feet in winter. It is known that the hands and feet contain many thermoreceptors directly associated with the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, therefore, when cooling, a rapid manifestation of a reflex effect on the mucous membrane in the form of coughing, runny nose, sneezing, etc. is possible. The walk includes an active game with an increased motor regime, in which exercises of a cyclical nature prevail (running, jumping, ball games). During the walk, 2-3 different games are held. Folk group games help to maintain an active motor regime. Insignificant fatigue caused by participation in outdoor games is useful: by systematically repeating itself, it helps the body to adapt to increased physical activity, increase efficiency.

Health days. A health day is held once a month. During the day, a colorful announcement, posters with proverbs and sayings about health, about the benefits of hardening the body are posted in the reception. Reception of children on this day is conducted to the sounds of cheerful music. Throughout the day, children take an active part in outdoor games, dances, attractions. Various sports equipment (balls, balloons, ring throws, hoops, skittles) are displayed in accessible places. Surprise moments await children (the cat Leopold, Winnie the Pooh, Carlson comes to visit). These days of health have established themselves as the most acceptable and effective form of active recreation for children.

Working with parents. Particular attention is paid to interaction with parents, since I believe that the family, including all its members, should also be at the center of the work to preserve and improve the health of children. Active methods and forms with the family are being introduced. It has become a tradition to hold physical culture entertainment for parents and children. Each time after such events, children and parents understand each other better, get a great emotional charge. Organization of work with parents on the problem of preserving and strengthening the health of children includes.

– questionnaire "Strengthening children's health and reducing morbidity"

– parenting meetings: "Prevention of colds through hardening activities",

– consultations: "Tempering the body with the sun, air, water",

– folders-moving: "Helpful advice for parents", "Games that heal", "Prevention of colds",

– pedagogical conversations with parents (individual and group) on hardening problems

– organization of joint affairs: physical culture entertainment "Fair"

– photo exhibitions: “We are strong friends with the sun, air, water with the whole family”, “A healthy mind in a healthy body”.

Optimal alternation of different activities. When conducting classes, it is necessary to use health-preserving technologies aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of babies. In the classroom, children walk, stand, sit on a chair, on the floor, look for objects, reach for them. The complex of physical minutes spent during classes is of a playful and creative nature, includes: elements of breathing exercises, exercises for the eyes, finger exercises, exercises for the back, neck, arms, legs. Physical education minutes are selected in accordance with the topic of the lesson, they are not a separate part of the lesson.

Physical education can be carried out, also during the day, when moving from one type of activity to another.

For the physical development of children in the group, it is necessary to create conditions. There is sports equipment and equipment for physical activity: balls(rubber, printed) ; hoops of different sizes; rolling toys; ladders(oblique and vertical) ... The group should have a place for children to play together, an open space for hanging toys. All sports equipment and equipment are available for children.

The result of this work is the following indicators: a decrease in the proportion of frequently ill children, a decrease in the number of days due to ARVI illness, and a decrease in the number of days missed by one child on average due to illness.

Literature:

Berestneva Z.I. Healthy baby. Children's health improvement program at preschool educational institution [Text] /Z.I. Berestnev; M : Creative Center 2008.

Veselova L. I. Physical culture entertainment [Text] // Child in kindergarten М: № 5 2008.

Galanov A.S. Mental and physical development of a child from one to three years old [Text] / AS. Galanov; M: ARKTI 2003.

T. I. Osokina ... Outdoor games and entertainment for children [Text] /T. I. Osokina, E. A. Timofeeva, L. S. Furmina ; M: Enlightenment 1983.

Shiryaeva I. Hardening of children [Text] // Child in kindergarten M: No. 6 2001.

M. N. Kuznetsova Contrast hardening [Text] // Child in kindergarten M: № 12 2001.

Egorov B. Recreational and educational work with weakened children [Text] // Child in kindergarten M: No. 12 2001.

In preschool institutions there are great opportunities for strengthening the health of children, forming the foundations of a healthy lifestyle in them. Throughout the entire period of a child's stay in kindergarten, not only the protection of his health is provided, but also means are used to improve the functions of the body.

Wellness work is done in a variety of ways that are closely interrelated. Therefore, it requires constant contact of the teaching staff with medical workers as well as parents, on whom the well-being and health of children in a family environment depends.

Caring for children, their well-being, happiness and health will always be the main concern of the family. Physical culture should take a firm place in the family's daily routine. The health of the baby, the development of his intellect, the formation of character, the upbringing of useful skills and abilities in him - these are the most important tasks facing parents. The main directions of the formation of a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers will be:

Physical education of children... In the process of physical education of preschool children, there must necessarily be a section of theoretical training aimed at forming in children knowledge about the structural features of the human body, the functioning of the body, the location of internal organs, and their purpose. An important section should be aimed at the formation of knowledge about harmful habits that are harmful to health and useful factors that strengthen health. It is also necessary to provide children with knowledge about proper nutrition, about the impact of environmental products on human health. For this purpose, they use conversations with children before walks, classes, showing them posters, slides and films about a healthy lifestyle. Also, separately organized lectures for parents on the peculiarities of the development of the child's body, the organization of the correct motor regime for them, the dangers of developmental disorders, health-improving means of physical culture.
Optimization of motor activity... Experts believe that a child should be in motion for at least 50% of wakefulness. Meanwhile, a study of the daily regimen in kindergartens showed that physical exercise accounts for no more than 25-30% of the time. Family exercise can help offset this movement deficit. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop home exercises for children with deviations in health, recommendations for parents to activate the motor regime of children.

3) Hardening procedures carried out in a kindergarten and family. Hardening is a system of measures aimed at increasing the body's resistance to cold, heat, solar radiation, especially with sharp fluctuations.

Hardening is based on the formation of conditioned reflexes, thanks to which the most perfect adaptation of the organism to the constantly changing conditions of the external environment is achieved. A seasoned person is able to more easily endure the negative influences of the environment. It is known that hardening creates the ability to maintain and strengthen health and performance.

In preschool age, the following types of hardening are mainly used:

- Air hardening. The air is always in motion. The child's skin, being exposed to slow or faster air, cools, respectively, to a greater, then to a lesser extent, which in turn causes a continuous protective work of vasomotor mechanisms: either narrowing or expansion of skin capillaries. As a result of systematic training of the skin with air baths, the body develops the ability to quickly and expediently adapt the blood supply of the skin, depending on the cooling effect of the external environment.

- Sun hardening. Light-air and sun baths in the air in summer, as well as irradiation with ultraviolet rays from artificial sources of radiation in the autumn-winter period should be referred to special health-improving and hardening procedures.

- Water hardening. Water hardening begins with the weakest - local water procedures. These include dousing individual parts of the body, wet wipes to the waist. Most often, in child care facilities, foot drenching is used with a gradual decrease in temperature.

4) Formation of the correct daily routine. All physiological processes in the body occur in a certain rhythm. Therefore, it is very important to accustom the child to a strictly alternating regime of wakefulness, sleep, games, rest, and food intake. This is how useful habits and skills are formed from childhood, the upbringing of which is of great value for strengthening health and increasing efficiency. If children are not accustomed to order and strict regimen, then they grow up irritable, capricious, with a very unbalanced nervous system.

5) P Learning with children self-massage techniques, elements of corrective and breathing exercises.

- Health-improving physical culture today offers a lot of breathing techniques, technologies, health-improving systems, proven by practice and scientifically substantiated. Many progressive-minded physicians have achieved amazing healing results through the use of different types of breathing.

- Corrective gymnastics is a specially selected set of exercises with a preventive focus. It is used to improve the state of the nervous system, increase the tone of the body, relieve negative emotions, improve physique and correct posture. The main forms of corrective gymnastics are:

- physiotherapy;

- gymnastics after a nap;

- finger gymnastics;

- physical education.

- When carrying out self-massage with children, they often affect the muscles of the arms and legs, feet, fingers and toes. Massage should begin with stroking, then rubbing, squeezing, then kneading, shaking and, if necessary, shock vibration techniques. Between all the techniques, stroking, shaking is done, and the massage ends with them.

6) Planned organization of the process of physical education in a preschool educational institution. One of the main directions of health improvement work in preschool institutions is the implementation of all forms of medical and preventive measures. These are routine medical examinations, clinical examination, followed by treatment of children in need of it; preventive vaccinations; determination of the level of physical development based on the measurement of anthropometric data; organization of timely consultation of specialists for children with disabilities; medical control over physical education; sanitary and educational work.

The study of the health status of children in preschool institutions involves its assessment according to four main criteria (Comprehensive assessment of the health status of preschool children):

the presence or absence of a disease;
the level of physical and neuropsychic development, their harmony;
the level of the physiological systems of the body;
resistance to harmful environmental factors (including diseases).

The positive dynamics of the main indicators in children is manifested in the process of regular medical examinations, the effectiveness of which largely depends on the work of teachers. It is the teacher who, before anyone else, can notice any changes in the state of health of children, all the improvements that occur under the influence of treatment and inform the medical worker in time. In this regard, in preschool educational institutions, the process of physical education is systematically built, the goals and objectives of which are devoted to strengthening the health of children, harmonious physical and mental development. It includes morning exercises, physical education, sports events and outdoor games for walks.

Bibliography

Abramishvili, G.A., Karpov V.Yu., Dobezhin A.V., Ovsyannikova I.N. Differentiated physical education of primary school students based on their typological characteristics // Uchenye zapiski im. P.F. Lesgaft. -2012. - No. 9 (91). - S. 7-14.
Alekseeva, S. I. Satisfaction of the movement needs of older preschool children by means of physical culture and rhythmic classes / materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference (Volgograd, October 18-20, 2012). - Volgograd: FGBOU VPO "VGAFK", - pp. 160-165.
Aslakhanov, S.-A.M. Pedagogical principles of transformation of ethnological physical culture into modern practice of physical education // Uchenye zapiski im. P.F. Lesgaft. - 2013. - No. 7 (101). - pp. 15-18.
Astashina, M.P. Physical education of children 3-7 years old in the traditions of Russian folk culture: monograph. - Omsk: Publishing house of Siberian State University of Physical Culture, 2010 .-- 176 p.
Glazyrina, L. D., V. A. Ovsyankin. Methodology for physical education of preschool children. A guide for preschool teachers. institutions. - M .: VLADOS, 1999 .-- 176 p.
Evseev, S.P., O.E. Evseeva. Technologies of physical culture and sports activity in adaptive physical culture: textbook / S. P. Evseev, O. E. Evseeva. - M .: Soviet sport, 2013 .-- 388 p.
Ivanova, L.A., Zvonova T.A. One of the directions of health-preserving, health-improving and developing work in a preschool institution // Scientific notes of the University named after P.F. Lesgaft. - 2013. - No. 3 (97). - S. 72-77.
Fomina, N.A., S.V. Karpushin. Physical education of preschool children based on an integrated approach / materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference (Volgograd, October 18-20, 2012). - Volgograd: FGBOU VPO "VGAFK", - 2012. - pp. 51-56.

Parent meeting on the topic:

"Strengthening and maintaining the health of preschoolers"

Target: to acquaint the parents of pupils with the main factors that contribute to the strengthening and preservation of the health of a preschooler at home and in a kindergarten.

Tasks: inform parents about the state of health of the pupils for the period of the meeting; create conditions for parents to understand some of the factors that can adversely affect the health of preschoolers; create conditions for parents to realize the need for kindergarten and family to work together to preserve and strengthen the health of preschoolers.

Carrying out plan:

1. Speech by the head of the department "The health of the child is in our hands."

2. Performance by a felscher "Vitamins".

3. Solution

Event progress:

“Parents are the first educators. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality, ”says the RF Law“ On Education ”.

Caring for the health of a child and an adult began to occupy priority positions all over the world. Any country needs creative, harmoniously developed, active and healthy personalities.

Caring for the upbringing of a healthy child is a priority in the work of any preschool institution. A healthy and developed child has a good body resistance to harmful environmental factors and resistance to fatigue, socially and physiologically adapted.

In preschool childhood, the foundation of the child's health is laid, its intensive growth and development takes place, basic movements, posture, as well as the necessary skills and habits are formed, basic physical qualities are acquired, character traits are developed, without which a healthy lifestyle is impossible.

What do you think is health?

What is a healthy lifestyle?

(rational nutrition, adherence to the regime, optimal motor regime, good sleep, healthy hygienic environment, favorable psychological atmosphere, hardening).

Today, there is a general trend of deterioration in the health status of children.

Urban environmental factors negatively affect the development and health of the child. So, environmental pollution with harmful substances leads to diseases of the tonsils, adenoids and lymph nodes in children. And a long stay in such unfavorable conditions causes an overstrain of the adaptive capabilities of the organism and leads to a depletion of the immune system. There are chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, ENT organs and other diseases.

The increase in the number of childhood diseases is associated not only with the socio-ecological situation, but also with the very lifestyle of the child's family, which largely depends on family traditions and the nature of the motor regime. With insufficient motor activity of the child, the development of motor function inevitably deteriorates and the child's physical performance decreases.

What can parents do to introduce children to a healthy lifestyle?

First of all, it is necessary to actively use healing natural environmental factors: clean water, ultraviolet rays of sunlight, clean air, phytoncidal properties of plants, since the natural forces of nature are the usual components of the environment and are necessary for the life of the body.

The child needs a calm benevolent psychological climate.

The squabbles in the presence of the child contribute to the emergence of a neurosis in him or aggravate the already existing disorders of the nervous system. All this significantly reduces the protective capabilities of the child's body.

And our irritation is mechanically transferred to the child.

Emotional resilience and related behaviors are nurtured. It is important here to be able to correctly and rationally relate to what we see, perceive, hear.

Adults should not only protect the child's body from harmful influences, but also create conditions that enhance the protective forces of the child's body and its efficiency. And the important thing here is properly organized daily routine.

Daily regime - these are the optimally combined periods of wakefulness and sleep of children during the day. It satisfies their needs for food, activity, rest, physical activity, etc. The mode disciplines children, promotes the formation of many useful skills, and teaches them to a certain rhythm.

Walk - one of the essential components of the daily routine. This most effective type of rest restores well the functional resources of organism, reduced in the process of activity, and, first of all, efficiency. Exposure to the air increases the body's resistance and hardens it. After an active walk, the child's appetite and sleep are always normalized.

The walk should be carried out in any weather, with the exception of particularly unfavorable conditions. At the same time, clothes and shoes must comply with the weather and all hygiene requirements. During a walk, children should not be allowed to be in a monotonous position for a long time, therefore it is necessary to change their type of activity and the place of play. It is good to combine a walk with sports and outdoor games.

Children should go for a walk at least twice a day for two hours, unlimited in summer.

An equally important part of the regime is dream, which is especially necessary for weakened children. It is important that the baby falls asleep at the same time every day (day and night).

Thus, the child's home regimen should be a continuation of the kindergarten day regimen, and especially on weekends.

Good nutrition - inclusion in the diet of foods rich in vitamins A, B, C and D, mineral salts (calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, copper), as well as protein. It is advisable to prepare all dishes for children from natural products, unrefined, without additives, spices and preservatives. More often include cottage cheese, buckwheat and oatmeal in the diet of children.

In children it is important to form an interest in improving one's own body. The sooner the child gets an idea of the structure of the human body, learns about the importance of hardening, movement, proper nutrition, sleep, the sooner he will be introduced to a healthy lifestyle.

When a child enters school, it is important not only his intellectual development, but also the level of his physical development. The principle “do no harm” should be the basis for the upbringing and development of a child. It should be remembered that "early learning" leads to overload, negatively affects health, provokes neuroses and other undesirable phenomena, as a result of which the interest in learning decreases.

Preparation for school in kindergarten is carried out not only in mathematics and speech development classes, but also in physical education classes, which form the attention, thinking, memory, speech, imagination, fine motor skills of the hands, and coordination of movements necessary for successful school education. The play activity of children is also important. The better the child plays role-playing games, the more successful he will be in school. The game prepares well for school. Without play, children develop a sense of fear, lethargy and passivity. Play is the leading human need.

To promote health and normalize weight walking and running are effective, which protect the human body from the occurrence of diseases. They have a pronounced training effect and help to harden the body.

What is hardening?

This is an increase in the body's resistance to the adverse effects of a number of environmental factors by systematic short-term exposure to the body of the same factors in small doses.

As a result of hardening, the body adapts to changing environmental conditions. During hardening, immunity is also increased at the same time due to an increase in the production of interferon and other protective factors in the body.

Which of you at home conducts tempering activities with the child and what?

Hardening, along with traditional hardening methods (air baths, water foot baths, gargling), non-traditional methods are also widely used:

1.Kontrasnoe air hardening (from a warm room, children fall into a "cold" one).

2. Walking barefoot. At the same time, the arches and ligaments of the foot are strengthened, and flat feet are also prevented.

During the summer, provide children with the opportunity to walk barefoot on hot sand and asphalt, on small pebbles and bumps that act as powerful irritants. On the contrary, warm sand, soft grass, and indoor carpet have a calming effect. Walking barefoot increases the intensity of activity of almost all muscles, stimulates blood circulation throughout the body, and improves mental activity.

A contrast shower is the most effective home hardening method. After a short charge, the child gets under the shower, doused with water at 36-38 degrees for 30-40 seconds, then the water temperature drops by 2-3 degrees, and the duration of the dousing is reduced to 20-25 seconds. The procedure is repeated two times. After 1-1.5 weeks, the difference in water temperatures increases to 4-5 degrees. Within 2-3 months, the temperature is brought to 19-20 degrees.

Gargling with cool water with a decrease in its temperature is a method of preventing nasopharyngeal disease. Gargling begins at a water temperature of 36-37 degrees, decreases every 2-3 days by 1 degree and is brought to room temperature.

It should be remembered that a break in hardening for 2-3 weeks reduces the body's resistance to colds and therefore is extremely undesirable.

It is impossible not to take into account the individual characteristics of the child, his age, his sensitivity to hardening procedures. It is not recommended to harden against the background of negative emotional states, for example, fear, resentment, anxiety.

What conclusion can be drawn about hardening?

If we want to see our child healthy, we need to carry out hardening procedures every day. Minimal hardening is air and water procedures, properly selected clothing.

It turns out that you can also temper a child's body with food. What foods or substances do you think help your child become more tempered?

What plants - shrubs, stores of vitamin C, help against colds? Black currants and rose hips increase the body's resistance to cooling and ARVI),

What "drink of protection" increases the body's resistance to diseases of the upper respiratory tract and lungs, is rich in vitamin A? "Protection drink" - carrot juice. It is recommended to drink fresh carrot juice from 1 tablespoon to half a glass a day, but not more than 100 g, since in large quantities it can cause icteric discoloration of the skin, in addition, it causes allergies in some children.

What is healthier for a child - juice or an apple? Juices are cleaner organic products. They are absorbed faster by the body and almost immediately after consumption are included in the metabolism, which has a beneficial effect on the recovery processes of the body. There is a lot of water in juices, but this is truly living water - it is enriched with biologically active substances of plant cells. All juices have a general strengthening effect, stimulate digestion and assimilation of food, and also remove toxic substances from the body, including radioactive ones (carrot and apple). Juices are also a source of vitamins, mineral salts and numerous trace elements.

Systematically taking eleutherococcus orally with compote or milk for 1-2 months can reduce the incidence of influenza and influenza-like diseases in children by more than 2.5 times.

To increase the defenses of the child's body, it is recommended taking vitamins. Speech by a kindergarten paramedic.

Parents meeting decision:

1. Use the information received at the parent meeting to preserve and strengthen the health of children.

2. Introduce a healthy lifestyle to every family.

3.Set the child's home regime in accordance with the daily regime of the kindergarten.

4. Systematically harden the child in a family setting.

5. On weekends, be sure to go out with the children for a walk at least twice a day. Provide the child with the opportunity to move more, play outdoor games during a walk.