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Learn how to form letters into syllables. Learning to read by syllables in a playful way. - Syllabic Lotto

Identifying syllables in words is an important step in learning to read. To teach a child to correctly divide words into syllables, and then add whole words from various syllables, you need to find the right approach and choose the right set of exercises. There are methods to introduce preschoolers to reading and syllable division at home. By starting classes at an early age, you will greatly facilitate the work of your child in the future, when it comes time to go to school.

Stages of learning to read

In order for the development of the material to be easy and effective, it is worth knowing the main stages of learning to read. Haste and untimeliness in this matter will not lead to quick results, but rather discourage the desire to learn from the child for a long time. It is also important to know what place syllable division plays in teaching reading.

Consider the following steps:

  1. sound (acquisition of skills to distinguish sounds in a word and name them);
  2. alphabetic (learning letters);
  3. syllable division (dividing words into syllables, identifying syllables by ear, adding them into words);
  4. reading words individually, in phrases and sentences.

The most important sign that a child is ready to start learning to read is his interest in letters and words. “What is this letter?”, “How to write it?”, “What is this word?” - all these questions signal that it is time to start active reading.

Reading Teaching Methods

There are five popular methods.

  1. Sound-letter, or the Elkonin method. This is a fairly complex system, focused on the age of 6-7 years, therefore it is not suitable for preschoolers.
  2. Traditional speech therapy. According to this system, N. S. Zhukova's primer was compiled. The combination of classical and modern learning technologies is popular in schools. Children should be brought to this method gradually by the age of 6 in order to simplify schooling.
  3. Doman method. Glenn Doman is a neuroscientist. He developed a system for teaching reading to mentally retarded children. At the moment, this system is also used with healthy children in the early stages of development. The method is to show the child words written in bright red letters and repeat them several times a day. Thus, visual memory develops, letters and words are remembered.
  4. Zaitsev's method. It is based on the addition of ready-made syllables written on cubes. Suitable for preschoolers. The method is popular, but not officially used in schools.
  5. Montessori system. Children first learn to write letters using frames and special inserts, and then learn the letters themselves and the corresponding sounds.

In the Doman method, whole words are studied at once, and in Zaitsev, syllables plus words, so if you choose these methods, the stage of learning syllable division merges with the letter stage. When your child knows the names of some letters and sounds and he has a good vocabulary, you can connect the following exercises to the lessons.

Complex of games and exercises

Taking into account the existing stages and methods of teaching reading, you form the entire educational process. After the child has learned the letters and sounds, you can begin to teach the child to read by syllables. It is best to conduct classes in a playful way - this way the preschooler will be more comfortable, moreover, this will increase interest in reading in general.

So, what games can be used in the learning process?

  1. The game "How many syllables - so many steps!". To begin with, it is worth teaching the child to hear syllables in words and pronounce them. You need to explain to him that in a word the number of syllables equals the number of vowels (you can remind him that vowels are sounds that "can sing" and sing these sounds with him). Start this game with simple words with one or two vowels, preferably repeated: mom, dad, Sasha, hall, garden; table, yard, milk, etc. When you repeat all the vowels separately, gradually complicate the game, including words with different sounds: summer, Vova, heaven, Luntik, etc.
  2. "Walkers". It is pointless for children of 5 years old to explain the rules for attaching sonorous sounds to syllables, as well as transferring consonant letters to other consonants, as in the word no-ski. Use games with memorizing specific syllables. Draw a poster with a map of a fictitious city. At each station, in a frame, draw syllables with a bright felt-tip pen, start with simple ones: at station 1 - MI, at station 2 - SHA, at station 3 - DE, at station 4 - YES. Give your child a car and travel around the city with him. Ask him to name syllables, for each correct answer, give a chip. Reward for completing the entire game with a medal. Make several of these posters with different stations and syllables.
  3. "Magnets". An effective game if you set out to teach your child to syllable not only simple, but also complex words. Get letter magnets, attach them to the refrigerator or magnetic board. Together with your child, make up a few words every day using syllables from magnets. It could be some kind of code to get an extra 10 minutes of watching the cartoon. Or the trick "divide the word BA-NAN into syllables and get a banana." Make up a compound word, for example, the surname - ALEKSEEVA. And ask the child to divide it into syllables. Help if he fails.
  4. "House-man-vegetable". Cut out several houses and glue to whatman paper. Each house will have a name, such as MA or TO. Cut out the little men and give each a name that begins with the syllable that the houses are called (Masha and Tom). Ask the child to correctly connect the person and the house according to the first syllable. Then Masha and Toma will go to the store and buy fruits or vegetables there that begin with the syllables “ma” and “to” (tangerines, tomatoes). Cut out or draw a shop with various products.
  5. "Write in the sand." Learning to write letters on a multi-colored semolina. Children like to draw in the sand, you can buy multi-colored sand in the store, or color semolina, put it on a tray and show the child how to write various letters and syllables. It develops fine motor skills and creativity.
  6. "Combine syllables into words." You can gradually move on to more difficult exercises. Write the syllables on the cards and ask them to make a word. Suggest short words first, then long ones. Make a pyramid of words: at the top is the shortest word, and at the bottom is the longest.
  7. "I'm following." Write words on A4 sheets, distribute the sheets throughout the apartment, and put a prize at the finish line (toy, ticket for attractions), ask the child to follow in the footsteps. Stepping on each, he needs to name the word by syllables. You can also write separate syllables so that with each step the child gets a new word. By doing this simple but interesting exercise, the child will learn to connect syllables.
  8. "Find another word in the word." I dined (lunch, gave), GARDEN (city, clan), etc.
  9. Texts for reading to preschoolers. Small texts by which the child can begin to read syllables in words. Use rhyming texts and tongue twisters (“Mom washed the frame”, “We have fun in the countryside”). First, the child must memorize the whole phrase, and then divide it into syllables.

Remember: the game is an optional activity, so do not force the child to do what he does not want, but rather motivate him or reschedule the activity for another time. The more colorful the game is designed, the longer the preschooler will be occupied with it, and the better the results will be.

  • Speak in sentences, clearly express your desires, conduct a simple dialogue.
  • Know letters, it is desirable to recognize vowels and consonants.
  • Be able to count to at least 5.
  • Know the spatial concepts of "right" and "left".

If your child has speech impairments, you should definitely consult with a speech therapist. The specialist will indicate which classes to pay special attention to in order to avoid problems in the future associated with violations of the syllabic structure of words.

The division of words into syllables begins before learning to read by syllables. First, children are introduced to the concept of "word". Each item has its own name. Children practice to name different words. Then a graphic designation of the word is introduced in the form of a bar or a rectangle. When children master syllables, they are separated by dashes in accordance with the number. The word is divided into vowels and consonants, as well as a stressed syllable.

Syllables are open and closed. Open ones look like consonant + vowel, closed ones look like vowel + consonant. Children can explain it this way:

“Out in the open air freely: MAAA, LOOO, NUUU. We seem to be breathing. In a closed air meets an obstacle - lips, tongue or teeth. Therefore, it abruptly breaks off, as if closing, - AM, OH, IL.

When explaining the principle of division into syllables, the technique of substituting the palm under the chin is used. How many times the chin falls, so many syllables in the word.

Confident reading children can determine the number of syllables by the number of vowels.

Why divide words into syllables

Dividing words into syllables makes it easier to learn to read. Even adults, when they come across an unfamiliar word, mentally read it syllable by syllable. Dividing words into syllables for preschoolers is a way to better understand the phonetic structure of speech. This skill will help in the future to do a phonetic analysis of words in Russian lessons.

The division into syllables is also needed in Russian lessons in the topic "Word Transfer". Children who have poorly learned syllables encounter errors when they leave consonants on a line.

A syllable can consist of a vowel or a vowel and one or more consonants.

To teach a child to divide into syllables, you need to use visual methods: cards with syllables, didactic games and simulators.

Preschoolers really like classes with cartoon characters and fairy-tale characters. If the tasks are given not by the parent, but by Peppa Pig, the classes will be livelier.

Division into syllables for preschoolers

Cards with syllables

It is convenient to use a large cash register of syllables. The necessary letters are inserted into the pockets, resulting in syllables. Cards can be purchased as a set, or you can make your own. Of particular interest to the baby will be cards made jointly. The division of a word into syllables for preschoolers is easier to digest if it is competent and interesting to organize classes.

Exercises with cards

1. An adult shows the syllable BA, invites the child to read and answer the question whether it is a word. It's not a word because it doesn't mean anything. Then the syllable RAS is taken. They also read it and find out that this construction is not a word. Next, the adult puts the syllables BA and RAS next to each other. The kid reads the syllables, and the word "ram" is obtained. It is useful to supplement the task with an appropriate picture.

2. The child is given an odd number of syllables on the cards - so that at least four of them can be combined into words. Start with five cards. Example - NOT, BO, KOSH, KA, RU. First, the preschooler reads the syllables. Then the adult takes the syllable with which any of the words begins, and offers to pick up the syllable of the “lost friend”.

3. An adult prepares a few words in advance. He calls the beginning of the word, the child must find the continuation on the cards. You need to start with two or three syllables so that the baby does not get confused. The reverse option - an adult shows a syllable on a card, and a preschooler thinks out the ending.

4. An adult lays out two words using syllables, and the syllables are mixed up: KOSH-BA, RY-KA. The child is invited to return the “lost” syllables to their own words.

Didactic games

1. An adult writes syllables, short words and consonant combinations on a piece of paper (PRS, PA, CAT, KI, KIT, KOSH, etc.). The kid is invited to find the syllables and paint them over with a green pencil. To diversify the game, you can offer to find words.

2. Playing with a ball. An adult calls the syllable - RU - and throws the ball. The child catches and invents a sequel.

3. Write words on strips of paper. The preschooler reads them, then, together with the adult, divides them into syllables. After the word is cut with scissors into syllables. A variant of the task is to assemble the words back from the chopped syllables.

4. Slapping syllables. This is a well-known and effective method for teaching syllable division. For each syllable, you need to clap your hands or stomp your foot. For active children, you can divide words into syllables using jumps. A favorite toy or ball can also jump.

5. An adult calls a word from one syllable: cat, catfish, ball, leaf. The child must name the word in a diminutive form: cat, ball, leaf. In this case, you need to determine the number of syllables in a word using the palm under the chin or clapping.

Games on the syllabic structure of a word for children are of increased interest and contribute to the consolidation of the material.

simulators

There are programs adapted for preschoolers and younger students to train the skill of dividing into syllables. They can be purchased in stores, some download. The simplest ones can be used online.

Tasks in simulators are usually similar to exercises with cards. You can move the syllables with the mouse, make words out of them, choose between a syllable and a word, etc.

It is better not to use simulators at the initial stage of training. It is more appropriate to include them in classes when the child clearly understands the principle of division into syllables.

Children really like interactive tasks on the computer. Many modern school textbooks are equipped with a task disk. You can take simple exercises from there that are feasible for preschoolers.

The simulator "We divide words into syllables for children" will help diversify classes with a preschooler and consolidate the knowledge gained.

Rules for division into syllables

The education system has changed a lot in recent years. There were other requirements for the school curriculum.

The rules for dividing words into syllables have changed somewhat since the modern parents of the 80s and 90s were born in elementary school.

1. A syllable begins with a consonant sound if it contains several letters. Examples: CAR-TI-NA, TVO-ROG, SUB-STAV-KA. The exception is the letter Y. It belongs to the previous syllable: RAY-ON, REI-KA, MAY-KA.

2. Voiced sonorant consonants and Y refer to the first syllable when dividing: GAL-KA, SKAL-KA, TUM-BA.

3. Deaf, voiced non-sonorous and hissing sounds belong to the second syllable: SHA-PKA, SHI-SHKA, MI-SHKA.

4. Double consonants pass into the second syllable: TOR-GEST-VE-NNY, LONG, A-KKU-RAT-NY. However, for the transfer, the old division rule was preserved: CEREMONIAL, LONG, AK-KURATNY.

Preschoolers who are learning to read do not need to be taught these rules in detail.

An adult must know these rules himself and correct the child if he is mistaken. Children will remember most of the words and will automatically divide them correctly. At school, in the appropriate lessons, the teacher will explain the rules for dividing into syllables.

Regular exercise at home, combined with activities in kindergarten, will facilitate later schooling.

A syllable is the smallest pronunciation unit in Russian. It may consist of one or more sounds.

School pupils and students of philological areas often face tasks from the category: "Divide words into syllables." It would seem that to cope with such a task is very easy. However, people often have a question: “How to properly divide words into syllables?”.

In the article you will find the answer to this question. Get to know the basic rules and learn the words into syllables.

Difficulties of the syllable

Usually there are no problems with breaking simple words into syllables. Any of us will be able to cope with the syllable section of the noun "water". But how to divide a word into syllables if it is complex in its composition?

Take, for example, the participle "considered." How to correctly draw a syllable section: “ras-smo-tri-ny”, “ra-smo-tri-ny”, “ra-smo-tri-ny”? The correct answer is the third option, but why? In order to understand, let's get acquainted with the basic rules for dividing a word into syllables.

Basic rules of the syllable division

The first thing to remember is that the number of syllables in a word is equal to the sum of the vowels that make up it. The boundaries of a syllable section often do not coincide with morpheme division, therefore, when parsing, it is necessary to rely on the following rules:

  • vowel sounds are syllable-forming in Russian;
  • a syllable cannot contain more than one vowel;
  • a syllable may consist of a single vowel sound (o-vod) or a combination of vowels and consonants. A syllable consisting of two or more sounds always begins with a consonant;
  • all syllables in Russian strive for openness.

Open and closed syllables

In order to determine how to divide a word into syllables correctly, it is necessary to be able to distinguish them by type. All syllables in modern Russian are divided into two types: open and closed.

An open syllable always ends in (pro-vo-yes, go-lo-va, pe-le-na). It can occur at the beginning, middle, or end of a word.

A closed syllable ends in a consonant. Most often it appears at the end of a word (bow, smog, famine). Also, a closed syllable can be formed if in the middle of the word there is (sil-ki, wolf-ki, tank-ki).

If a group of several consonants occurs in the middle of a word, they usually go to the beginning of the syllable, leaving the previous one open (di-who-background, on-call-ni-e, re-da-kti-ro-va-ni-e).

Features of the syllable section

The syllable division in Russian obeys not only the law of an open syllable, but also the law of ascending sonority. The bottom line is that the syllables in the word are arranged in ascending order: from less sonorous to more. Several rules follow from this. They will tell you how to properly divide words into syllables:

  1. If a consonant is found in a word that stands between two vowels, it goes to the next syllable (that-pot, pu-le-met, you-water, and-ko-na, ka-li-na);
  2. The combination of several noisy ones (all consonants except sonorants) is assigned to the next syllable (e-zda, ru-chka, mo-li-tva, ka-li-tka);
  3. A group of noisy and sonorous consonants is ranked as the second syllable in turn (important, so-pro-ti-vle-ni-e, o-smy-follow-ni-e);
  4. Several sonorant consonants standing in one word between vowels are assigned to the next syllable (a-lmaz, a-rmi-ya, in my opinion);
  5. In combinations of sonorous and noisy between vowels, the first sound goes to the syllable in front of it (impossible, half-ka, mink, mer-tsa-ni-e, thief-si-nka);
  6. Repeating consonants go to the syllable following them (in-burn, Rossi-ya, ko-lo-nna, a-lle-ya);
  7. If a word contains "y" before a sonorant or noisy one, it is assigned to the previous syllable (my-va, lei-ka, ka-na-rei-ka, te-lo-grey-ka).

Remembering these rules is not difficult, but they will help you easily determine how to divide a word into syllables correctly.

Algorithm for executing a syllable section

We have analyzed a theory that will help us divide words into syllables. Now let's move on to the practical part. To successfully determine how many syllables are in a word, a simple plan will help us:

  1. Write the word given in the task on a separate sheet.
  2. Determine how many vowels are included in its composition.
  3. Draw an initial syllable section after each vowel.
  4. See if there are difficult places in the word: groups of consonants, sonorants or doubled sounds.
  5. If there is, change the syllable boundary according to the rules.

It should be remembered that syllable hyphenation and syllable division are not equal to each other. is carried out on the basis of the morphemic We cannot separate the letter from the prefix or suffix.

Dividing a word into syllables allows you to split whole morphemes into parts in accordance with the rules of the syllable section. For example, consider the verb "raise". For transfer, it will be divided as follows: “under-no-mother”. The division into syllables will be different: “by-days-mother”.

by syllables

Now many mothers are trying to teach their child to read as early as possible. One of the most effective ways in this matter is reading by syllables. You can’t explain to a kid how to divide a word into syllables using complex rules. Therefore, game methods are used.

You can start working with your child from the age of one. Exercises aimed at developing reading skills help improve memory and develop abstract thinking. They teach the child to think logically, to compare. In addition, classes can be turned into a fun game.

First, learn the alphabet with your child. This will help books with bright pictures, cubes. Boards on which you can fix multi-colored letters.

Then explain that there are vowels and the vowels are long and loud. Consonants are short and dull. Tell your baby that the stressed syllable lasts the longest.

Say a few simple words out loud and ask your child to identify which sound is stressed. Choose nouns that your child is familiar with. Words suitable for training: "soap", "water", "hand", "leg", "face", "body".

Explain that the number of vowels corresponds to the number of syllables. If the child already knows how to count, try with him to find out how many vowels are in these words: "carrot", "onion", "plate", "cabbage", "toy", "TV".

Having introduced the child to the basics, proceed to the game exercises.

Make cards with syllables for each consonant of the alphabet. In order to systematize the technique, place the combinations of consonants and vowels in the same order on each card. For example: "ma, me, we, mi, mo, me, mu, mu."

Give the child a card, have him look at the syllables while you read them out loud, and repeat. This exercise will help develop visual memory. Over time, the child will be able to recognize the syllables and pronounce them without your help.

Make signs on which combinations of letters will be written. Ask the child to make a word out of them and read it. To begin with, offer him cards with the syllables "ma", "pa". Let the kid make up the words he knows well: “mom” and “dad”.

Try to come up with different games for the baby to stir up interest. For example, invite him to send one letter to visit another and see what happens.

Going from simple to complex

When the child has mastered the basics, begin to complicate the tasks. At the same time, continue to conduct classes in a playful way.

Give your child a few words that differ in only one letter. Let him determine what is the difference between them. For example, the words: "soap" and "cute", "house" and "smoke".

Choose a dozen words that have two syllables. Each syllable will require one card. Shuffle the papers and ask the child to make words out of them. Suitable nouns "frame", "mother", "dad", "cottage", "hand", "leg", "face", "soap", "body", "meat".

Teach your child to hyphenate. To do this, write down a few two-syllable words on a piece of paper in a column. Have the child draw a line after each vowel and then say it out loud, pausing briefly at the syllable section.

Take two sheets with the same text. Let it be a fairy tale or a small nursery rhyme. Ask your child to follow the words as you read. After a while, pause and ask the child where you left off.

Read with the baby short fairy tales by roles.

For activities of any kind, choose funny children's texts that arouse the interest of the child. It can be poems, fairy tales, small articles about animals. Ask them to retell what they have read. This will help develop the memory and speech of the baby.

Before starting classes, make sure that your child is ready to learn. He has formed speech, he can make up short stories. No pronunciation defects.

Start simple, gradually move on to complex. At each new lesson, repeat the material of the previous one.

Stick to game play. It will help you instill in your child a love of reading and a desire to learn.

Start learning syllables with the simplest combinations. Use words that are familiar to the child. Gradually increase the difficulty of your workouts.

Don't expect quick results from your child. He will learn to read gradually. First, let him learn one-syllable and two-syllable words. Pick up tasks with them until the baby begins to cope with "excellent".

When you are done with easy words, try to practice reading whole sentences by syllables. Gradually increase your reading.

The simple tips in this article will help you to easily and effectively teach your child to read by syllables. At the same time, the baby will spend time with pleasure, performing game tasks.

In addition to reading skills, memory, attentiveness, logical and abstract thinking will develop, and the child's horizons will expand.

Gone are the days when the baby, being a "clean slate", entered the first grade. The child was taught everything at school: letters, numbers and other wisdom, and the parents could only help and control the development of little Einstein. Today, even not all kindergartens provide the basics of reading and counting, and the conditions for admission to an educational institution have become tougher, and without knowledge of the letter, a child may not be enrolled. Therefore, mom and dad have to arm themselves with various manuals and start self-education of the child. And if you still somehow manage to master the letters, then very often there are difficulties with reading. We will talk about how to teach a child syllables in our article.

Everything has its time, or hurry slowly

There are hardly any parents who would not proudly boast to their acquaintances that their baby, at the age of 5, easily “swallows” Leo Tolstoy’s four-volume War and Peace. But such a desire, rather, from the world of fantasy. Every child is unique, and it is presumptuous to expect that reading will become their favorite pastime. It’s better not to try to force your child to catch up and overtake the children of neighbors or friends in the development, but in search of an answer to the question of how to teach a child syllables, try to trust only him: sooner or later the baby himself will declare his desire to learn to read.

You ask: how to understand that the child is "ripe"? Here are a few signs:

  • The baby is able to coherently retell the movie you watched or the fairy tale you read: he easily makes sentences and speaks clearly;
  • The child can easily recognize sounds by ear. In order to be convinced of this, invite him to repeat the syllables you uttered: “ma-ra”, “pi-ni”, “za-na”, “bu-zu”, etc. If there are no problems, the task can be complicated , adding one more syllable ("ka-ta-ka", "zu-bu-zu", "la-ta-la"). Control the correct pronunciation;
  • The kid is easily oriented in space, knows where the "right", "left", "up" and "down".

If this simple exam is passed, you can safely proceed to learning to read. By and large, even a five-year-old toddler with the proper level of development will not be difficult to master this wisdom.

How to teach a child to read syllables?

Before teaching a child syllables, it is important for parents to understand: the whole process should take place in a playful and entertaining way. In no case should you force it - this can discourage a child from reading for a long time.

Teaching a child to read syllables, as a rule, is not so difficult if you approach the issue creatively. Where to start? Naturally, with the development of vowels. There are usually no problems with them, but consonants require more thoughtful study. So that there are no problems with the compilation of syllables in the future, it is important to pronounce consonants in sound form, that is, not “be”, but “b”; not "en", but "n".

You should do no longer than 15 minutes a day, gradually increasing the time. The main thing is to do this every day so that the information received is not forgotten and is firmly entrenched in the memory of the baby.

As soon as the letters become habitual for perception and the child easily learns to recognize them, you need to start reading syllables. There is nothing difficult in this either. You can make cards, or even better, use the primer and start learning from the simplest. We find or write the letter "m" and pronounce it together with the child. Then we do the same with the letter "a". Now you can tell a story about how the letter "m" is in a hurry to take the letter "a" by the hand, and when they meet, a very melodic "m-a" is obtained. It is better to choose simple syllables, which include only two sounds: “ka”, “yes”, “on”, “ha”. Take your time - constantly repeat the material covered. Then proceed to the study of complex syllables: "shchi", "chu", "not", etc. After them, proceed to the development of syllables that begin with vowels: "an", "od", "mustache", etc. And only when the baby has reliably mastered the material covered, you can proceed to combining syllables into simple words: “ma-ma”, “re-ka”, “la-la”.

The whole learning process can be quite lengthy, and sometimes it even turns into a multi-season series “How to teach a child to syllables”, and in very difficult cases, parents “watch” the last episodes after the little one goes to school.

Some methods suggest learning syllables by reading them as if in a singsong voice, and this is a rather gross mistake: the baby, having got used to “singing” syllables, eventually continues to do the same with reading whole sentences, combining them into one endless word, without punctuation marks and pauses. Therefore, it is more expedient to learn to read with expression, making an appropriate pause after each word or punctuation mark.

How to teach a child to connect syllables?

When the baby can confidently manipulate syllables and pronounce them clearly with an expression, it's time to learn to read words. They should consist of two-letter syllables, be short and understandable to the child (“fish”, “tooth”, “meat”, “mo-lo-ko”).

It is very convenient to teach a child to connect syllables, according to teachers, using books for preschoolers, where words are correctly divided, there are many illustrations, and the texts are quite short.

As soon as your child masters the intricacies of simple words, you can take on more complex ones without fear: “weight-on”, “doll-la”, “cat-ka”, etc. Try to choose words where the first syllable consists of three letters , and the second of the two.

Answering the question of how to teach a child syllables, it is worth emphasizing that systematic and constant repetition are important here. For this purpose, use pre-made cards with syllables: “ba”, “bo”, “bu”, “be”, etc. You need to make them for each consonant and vowel. With the help of cards it is very convenient to compose words: “va” + “za” = “va-za”, “ly” + “zhi” = “ly-zhi”.

Parents should understand that each child is individual, and the speed of assimilation of new knowledge is different for everyone. It is possible that you will encounter the following situations:

  • The kid knows absolutely all the letters, but for some reason does not want to combine them into syllables;
  • There are no problems with letters and syllables, but the little one has absolutely no desire to learn to read.

Take a closer look at the child: it is quite possible that he wants to complete the task faster, so he is in a hurry with the answer; the baby forgot or mixed up some letters; he is simply afraid to master the unfamiliar and move on to a new stage of learning.

In any case, it is unacceptable to press, and even more so to scream and scold a child in the learning process. By doing this, you will discourage him from studying for a long time. Interest the baby, learn by playing - and you will succeed. And when you meet a friend who complains that her child does not want to learn to read, you can say with a clear conscience: “You don’t know how to teach a child syllables? Come on, I'll tell you."

Text: Tatyana Okonevskaya

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How to explain to a child how to combine two letters into a syllable? If a child is taught to put letters into syllables, then they are working with him using the sound method. And this is a logical and understandable chain of learning to read: sounds (together with their visual literal representation) → syllables → words → sentences. A bit of history. The sound method was proposed by the great teacher D.K. Ushinsky more than 150 years ago instead of the literal subjunctive and was supported by D. Tikhomirov, F. Zelinsky, L. Tolstoy and others. Previously, children first memorized the names of the letters: az, beeches, lead, and so on. Then syllables were memorized: “beeches” and “az” in this sequence form “ba”, “az” and “lead” - “av” ... Then words were added, and the teacher had to explain each unfamiliar syllable, and the student had to memorize. Those. the child did not understand how letters are combined into warehouses. When teaching reading by the sound (or sound-letter, phonetic, speech therapy) method, the process was greatly simplified: children learned meaningfully from the very beginning, understanding the technique of adding sounds. This is how our parents, grandmothers, great-grandmothers mastered reading and writing, and as experience shows, in 100% of cases successfully. Putting sounds into syllables. To explain to the baby the way to connect two letters into a syllable, you can use several tricks and games. The method proposed and described in the “Primer” by N.S. Zhukova Having written (or laid out cards, magnets) two letters at some distance from each other, connect them with a pointer or pencil. At the same time, you need to pronounce the first sound until it “runs” to the second. The child needs to be explained: “Pull the first letter until you reach the second along the path along the path.” You can draw a boy running between the sounds and tell the baby: “Pull the 1st letter until you, together with the boy, run to the second along the path.” In this case, the baby holds a finger (pencil), connecting the letters. Track By the same principle, you can draw how one letter catches another with a fishing rod, depict them as parts of a train. In a word, the main thing is that the child understands and is interested. So at first, children are taught to combine vowels (“wa”, “ay”, etc.), then reverse syllables (“am”, “mustache” ...) and thirdly, direct ones. If the baby can’t put together two certain sounds, you can try to work with others. Let's say instead of "M" take "C". Change letters Need cards. The adult shows one letter - the kid reads it. At the same time, the second letter is brought from afar, and the first is removed, and the child immediately proceeds to sound the new letter. You need to do this so that the baby calls the entire syllable without a break: M M M M A A A A, S S S S O O O O O. Singing syllables (logorhythmics) Singing syllables repeatedly is a small but often very effective technique. Many children perceive and understand the combination of letters into syllables better if they are shown and sung: MA - MO - MU, BA - BO - BU, etc. Examples: Sa-sa-sa... Friendship of Sounds This is a fun educational game that can be suitable for both 3.5 and 6 year olds depending on their individual needs. You need to take the ball and explain to the child that the sounds really want to be friends, and you need to help them with this. The adult says "M" wants to be friends with "A" and throws the ball to the kid. He catches it and throws it back, saying: "MA". Further: "O" wants to be friends with "M", - the ball flies to the baby, who returns it with accompaniment: "OM". You can play without the ball, asking the child to make friends, for example, "B" and "A". It is useful to develop the exercise by offering to help different sounds get along with one: “Let's help the letters make friends with the “U”. The adult calls: "M". The child answers: "MU". "S" - "SU" and so on. So the baby will learn to connect letters by ear. No matter how the child is taught to combine letters into syllables, you need to understand that for the baby this can be hard work. And in order to make it as easy and simple as possible, it is better to do everything in a playful way, come up with your own tricks, repeat the same sounds and the way they are folded many times. But when the child has firmly mastered the combination of letters into syllables, he will continue to read without errors.