How to find out the difference between an insurance pension and a social pension and a labor pension. What is the difference between an insurance pension and a social pension? State and social pensions are different

About 16 years ago, Russian legislators reformed the pension system and introduced compulsory pension insurance.

The main regulator in this area was federal law No. 167-FZ, dated December 15, 2001.

According to it, the employer was required to transfer a certain amount of money to a special personal account established for each employee. This transfer is called the mandatory insurance contribution.

What laws govern the assignment of a labor pension?

The main concept of Law No. 167-FZ was the labor pension. Its formation depended on factors such as:

1. length of work experience. a retired employee;
2. position and qualifications;
3. working conditions (presence of harmful influences, severity of work, etc.).

In connection with changes in labor legislation and a revision of the system for calculating pensions for citizens of the Russian Federation, a transition period to updated conditions for establishing pension payments began in 2013.

This period lasted 2 years and ended in 2015.

Now the formation of pension benefits is carried out in accordance with federal law No. 400-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on December 19, 2016), in which the definition of labor pension is replaced by insurance.

It guarantees that the insured person (an employee to whose account his employer made mandatory contributions) upon the occurrence of an insured event (retirement) receives compensation - a pension benefit formed from contributions from the employer.

In this case, the amount of the transferred insurance premium is converted into points.

In addition to accumulated points, the amount of funding in the future is influenced by the amount of work experience and the amount of the fixed part of deductions regulated by the state.

Law No. 400-FZ provides for the establishment of not only an insurance pension, but also a funded pension, which is also formed through contributions from the employer.

The funded pension is intended to be paid to a specific person to whose account it was credited, while the insurance pension funds are also used for pension payments to existing pensioners.

Relatively recently, the formation of the funded part of the benefit was frozen until 2019, possibly even completely cancelled.

Types of insurance pensions and conditions for their assignment

What are the conditions for receiving an insurance pension?

A person who has reached old age (retirement age), has lost a breadwinner, or has become disabled can apply for an insurance pension.

The retirement age is: 55 years for women, 60 for men. The person must also have a certain amount of work experience. Until 2002, this was the length of service; now it is called insurance and includes all periods when the employer paid mandatory insurance contributions for the employee.

As of 2017, this value is 8 years and annually it increases by one.

The scope of experience also includes:

• period of study in various educational institutions;
• military service of any kind;
• period of maternity and child care leave;
• stay in places of detention;
• periods of being registered with the employment service, receiving social benefits and participating in the public and political life of the state.

In the event of the loss of a breadwinner, an insurance pension can be taken out by disabled family members of deceased (missing) military personnel, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service, the Federal Drug Control Service, and the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

The benefit is paid for a certain period of time:

1. up to 18 years of age - adulthood;
2. up to 23 years of age – when studying at an educational institution as a full-time student;
3. for life if you become disabled before the age of 18.

Payments to disabled people are made regardless of the cause of disability (according to Law No. 400-FZ).

A prerequisite for this will be the acquired insurance period of any duration from a person who has received a disability and is applying for payments for this case.

To obtain the right to a disability pension, you must provide an extract from the examination report. Its issuance, as well as the drawing up of the act itself, is carried out by the medical and social examination bodies.

Individual pension coefficient

What is IPC?

The amount of the insurance pension largely depends on the individual pension coefficient.

This coefficient is used to calculate payments regardless of the years in which the person worked.

The IPC is established on the day of appointment of payment of pension benefits. Its value is influenced by the coefficient values ​​that were in effect before the first day of 2015 and after this date.

Their amount is multiplied by the value of the increasing coefficient in the case of calculating benefits for family members who have lost their breadwinner and people retiring in old age.

The concept of an individual pension coefficient was introduced on January 1, 2015. As of 2017, its maximum value is 8.26.

Amount of payments to working pensioners

Once you reach retirement age, you do not have to retire.

Previously, working pensioners enjoyed a fairly wide range of benefits compared to non-working ones. Now some of these benefits have been cancelled.

Currently, a working pensioner in our country can receive several types of payments:

• Insurance pension. It is paid if the employer made mandatory insurance contributions.
• State-provided pension. This includes social benefits and payments to military personnel and citizens in public service.

The amount of benefits paid to a working pensioner is calculated using a special formula, which is the product of the individual pension coefficient and the legally established amount of points.

In addition, the amount of payments to a working pensioner is recalculated every year in accordance with the amount of mandatory insurance contributions transferred for the previous year.

A working pensioner has no other way to increase his pension.

Recently, indexation (recalculation due to instability of inflation processes) of payments for pensioners who continue to work has been suspended due to lack of funds in the state budget.

The payment amount is recalculated by a certain amount of accumulated points. For 2017, this figure is 3 points. If this figure is exceeded, the amount of points above the specified amount is not taken into account.

Upon termination of work by a working pensioner, the payment is recalculated taking into account all indexations carried out for non-working pensioners.

Amount of fixed (basic) payment

What is the fixed payment amount?

The fixed (basic) payment is now called the fixed payment to the insurance pension. Starting from February 1, 2017, its value is 4,805 rubles 11 kopecks.

The amount of the fixed payment changes every year, as it depends on the level of inflation.

1. work experience in the North;
2. disability group;
3. type of pension benefit;
4. age of the pensioner;
5. the number of disabled citizens who are dependent on him.

The exact amounts of fixed payments can be found on the website of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

Indexation in 2017

How did indexation affect the size of pensions?

According to the Government of the Russian Federation, at the end of 2016, indexation of pension benefits paid in 2017 will be carried out in full, and the provisions of Law No. 166-FZ “On State Pension Provision” regarding the indexation procedure, the effect of which was suspended, will come into force .

On April 1 of the same year, indexation of social pensions should take place. They will be recalculated in accordance with the increase in the cost of living for the previous year 2016.

Indexation of pension benefits is carried out by recalculating the individual pension coefficient and fixed payment.

According to the Federal State Statistics Service, inflation growth in 2016 was 5.4%. In this regard, it was planned to bring the indexation coefficient to a value of 1.054 with an individual pension coefficient equal to 78.28 rubles.

But the Pension Fund budget for 2017 plans to set this coefficient at 78.58 rubles, which will require another indexation.

The procedure for assigning and paying insurance pensions

What is the procedure for assigning payments?

The assignment of a pension and payment procedure is carried out by the pension authority or a multifunctional center providing state and municipal services at the place of residence of the citizen who applied for it.

Based on a written application from an employee, his employer may apply for the pension assigned to him.

You can apply for a pension either in person or through Internet resources, in particular through the Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services.

All necessary documents maintained by state and municipal bodies and organizations subordinate to them are requested by the authority issuing the pension through interdepartmental channels.

The remaining documents are provided by the applicant.

The insurance pension can be delivered through postal authorities, credit organizations, and other organizations by personal delivery or transfer to an account.

The minor's benefit is issued to his parent or guardian on the basis of an application submitted to the pension authority. Also, funds can be paid to a trusted person on the basis of a notarized power of attorney.

Necessary documents for registration

Required package of documents

To apply for an insurance pension, the applicant must provide the following documents to the relevant authority:

• identification;
• certificate of compulsory pension insurance;
• a document certifying the place of residence - in the absence of registration;
• a document confirming your place of residence, if it differs from your place of registration;
• identification card of the representative and a document certifying his authority.

When applying for old-age benefits, you must additionally provide information about periods of employment and the individual pension coefficient.

To apply for disability payments, the applicant submits a certificate of disability and the same information that is necessary to apply for an old-age pension.

If you lose a breadwinner, you must provide information about dependents and documents confirming the facts of relationship with the deceased, information about the education of the dependent, and the absence of able-bodied parents.

When a pension is issued, it may be suspended. This happens in the case:
violation of the conditions for receiving a pension;
in case of loss of validity of documents confirming place of residence, etc.

A pension may be paid if:

1. lost rights to receive a pension;
2. the pensioner died;
3. pension was not issued for 6 months;
4. refusal to receive a pension has been registered.

Payments can be restored; to do this, fill out an application with the authorities issuing benefits and clarify what documents are required to be provided.

Knowledge of the mechanism for calculating pensions, legislation in the field of pensions, principles of assignment and payment will help ensure decent living in the future. Therefore, you need to think about retirement in advance.

In the following video you will learn about the nuances of insurance and funded pensions:

May 8, 2017 Content manager

You can ask any question below

What does a pension mean for an elderly person? Is this important to him or not? Why? What types are there? What is a pension from the point of view of maintaining the stability of the social interaction mechanism? All these questions can be answered in this article.

Pension - what is it?

Labor pension

It is prescribed when a person becomes incapacitated due to reaching old age. To obtain it, you must engage in work or other useful activities. It can be paid upon reaching old age. It is also assigned when the individual has worked for a certain period of time: in this case it will be a pension for long service. This allows us to cover all areas of human activity, taking into account most features.

A pension is the most common form of remuneration for work for the benefit of society. Its size directly depends on the length of service, earnings, and insurance premiums. By the way, previously these parts were indexed separately. But in 2010 everything changed. And now the entire labor pension is indexed. Thanks to a special mechanism, the insurance part is not simply allocated to a separate category. So, let's figure out what an insurance pension is. What is she?

Insurance pension

This is a monthly cash payment that compensates citizens for wages or other income that they received during their working activities. Also, people who are family members of the insured person may qualify for these payments if he dies.

What are the features of such income? You need to know that a certain fixed payment is established. It depends entirely on the type of insurance pension. It is indexed annually by the state. It can be appointed ahead of schedule, but only under certain conditions. This is only possible if the person worked in types of work where an increased insurance pension applies - this is a type of payment in such a case that begins to be made when a man and a woman reach 60 and 55 years of age, respectively. Certain social and professional categories of citizens have the right to do this.

Social pension

In practice, the name “allowance” would be more suitable for this concept. A social pension may be assigned in the following situations:

1. Upon reaching old age. Women and men (over 60 and 65 years old, respectively) with less than five years of work experience can count on it. Currently, payments are provided in the amount of about 5 thousand rubles. In addition to the above-mentioned individuals, representatives of small indigenous peoples of the north can apply for a pension. Here the term is as follows: 50 and 55 years for women and men, respectively. The government has created a special list of nationalities whose representatives have access to such a pension. This is done only for those who live in indigenous areas and are engaged in fishing typical for them: hunting, reindeer herding, and so on.
2. For loss of a breadwinner and disability. In the first case, this is available only to minor children, as well as to those who are receiving full-time education at an educational institution under 23 years of age. A disability pension can only be received if a person has been assigned group 1, 2 or 3. Moreover, this must be confirmed by a medical examination report. Payment amounts range from 4 to 11.5 thousand rubles.

Features of receiving social pensions

The fact is that there used to be legal conflicts. They were legally permitted only in 2010. It should be remembered that only a person who does not receive a labor pension can apply for a social pension. The conditions are as follows:

1. The person does not meet the requirements for accruing a labor pension.
2. An application for TP was initially submitted, but then it was withdrawn before the amount was determined.
3. There is a right to a labor pension, but the person did not apply for its calculation.
4. TP was appointed, but its recipient refused it, submitting a corresponding application.

It is always necessary to remember that a person can only count on receiving one of the pensions.

Size and world

Let's look at the size of these payments in the Russian Federation and in other countries of the world. Verified information will be taken, so in the article we present the exact pensions in 2015:

1. Social - 8300 rubles.
2. Disabled military personnel - 28,490 rubles.
3. For the loss of a breadwinner - 8040 rubles.
4. For disability - 7994 rubles.
5. Labor in old age - 13,900 rubles.

As a comparative example, we can also cite the average pension in Moscow - 14 thousand rubles. Now let's walk around the world. The objects of consideration will be different countries (including our neighbors). The amount of payments has been converted into Russian rubles:

1. Ukraine - 4 thousand rubles.
2. Belarus - 9916.24 rubles.
3. Kazakhstan - 14,166 rubles.
4. Greece - RUB 32,468.59
5. Germany - RUB 79,329.99
6. USA. Here the payment amount is about 67,997 rubles. But it should be borne in mind that pensions in this country are calculated in a special way. And it cannot be considered as such in the full sense. Here, a significant portion of a retiree's income comes from investment returns.
7. Armenia. If the Ukrainian situation can be explained by the war and the reluctance of the elites to work for the good of the country, then this state is simply characterized by a low pension, which amounts to 5666.42 rubles.
8. Bulgaria. It has the lowest rate in the entire European Union. It is 7932.99 rubles.
9. Georgia. Due to the difficult economic situation in the country, the average payment is approximately RUB 3,399.85.
10. Estonia. The size of pensions there is kept at the level of Moscow. And it amounts to 14,449.37 rubles.
11. Finland. The leader of our list. Her pension in 2015 was 112,317.51 ​​rubles.

Let's say a word about the Russian Federation

As you can see, a pension is quite a good support for the elderly. Of course, due to a number of different factors, it is inappropriate to compare just one parameter. As an addition, it would not hurt to also understand how much the consumer basket costs in different countries and what is included in it. But nevertheless, pensions help pensioners while away their days with more or less dignity.

Conclusion

As you can see, the Russian Federation cannot boast of the highest pensions in the world. But in the CIS, things are going quite well. Of course, this is not the only parameter that must be resorted to in order to have an idea of ​​​​the standard of living. Thus, when compared with Ukrainian pensions, a significant gap can be noted. But due to the fact that basic consumer products are many times cheaper than those sold in the Russian Federation, the difference is not as big as it seems at first glance. Therefore, to determine where pensioners live better, it is necessary to look not only at the size of government payments, but also at the cost of basic food products, utility bills and medicines.

Labor pensions are assigned to citizens who, at the time of retirement, have a certain length of service and earnings, as well as insurance contributions in the compulsory pension insurance system. The size of the labor pension is established individually for each citizen of Russia who has the right to pension provision.
Kinds:
for old age (including early retirement),
on disability,
on the occasion of the loss of a breadwinner.
State pensions.
Kinds:
social pension - is assigned to persons who, due to circumstances, do not have insurance (work) experience, and therefore have not acquired the right to a labor pension (disabled children, disabled people since childhood, orphans, disabled people, as well as citizens who do not have the right to labor pension);
long service pension - assigned to federal civil servants, military personnel and law enforcement officers;
for old age - assigned to citizens affected by radiation and man-made disasters;
for disability - assigned to military personnel who became disabled during military service, participants of the Great Patriotic War, “blockade survivors”, citizens affected by radiation and man-made disasters;
in the event of the loss of a breadwinner - assigned to family members of deceased military personnel, as well as family members of citizens who died as a result of radiation and man-made disasters.
At the same time, a number of categories of citizens have the right to simultaneously receive two pensions - a labor pension and a state pension pension:
- disabled people due to military trauma;
- participants of the Great Patriotic War;
- parents of military personnel who served in conscription and died (died) during military service or died as a result of a military injury after dismissal from military service (except for cases where the death of military personnel occurred as a result of their unlawful actions);
- widows of military personnel who died during conscription as a result of military trauma, who did not remarry.
- citizens awarded the badge “Resident of besieged Leningrad”;
- disabled family members of citizens who suffered as a result of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
All state pensions, except pensions for federal civil servants, are calculated as a percentage of the social pension.
According to the law “On State Pension Provision in the Russian Federation,” social pensions are indexed annually from April 1, taking into account the growth rate of prices for goods and services over the past year and the pensioner’s cost of living.
Indexation of labor pensions is carried out in accordance with the law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”.
The indexation coefficient for both social and labor pensions is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

In addition to the established insurance payment for citizens, there are those prescribed at an earlier age. The condition for the emergence of the right to such a pension is the presence of insurance experience on relevant types of work. The minimum length of service and points requirements are the same as for a regular old-age pension.

A special feature of including periods of work for citizens of certain professions in the length of service for early pension provision is mandatory payment from the beginning of 2013.

Disability insurance pension

Citizens who have lost their ability to work need comprehensive assistance, including from the state, which takes measures to support and protect them. The basic concepts regarding support for people with disabilities are contained in the law No. 181-FZ of November 24, 1995. “On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation”.

Survivor's insurance pension

An insured event, namely the death of the breadwinner, is the basis for this type of pension. To establish, you must fulfill following conditions:

• the deceased has insurance experience;
• there is no unlawful act committed by a disabled family member and resulting in the death of the breadwinner.

The length of service during which the employer made contributions to the Pension Fund for the deceased breadwinner is necessary for the right to an insurance pension. Moreover, such experience may be equal to one day. If the deceased citizen did not work for a single day, then he will be assigned.

Amount of insurance pensions

According to the adopted law “On insurance pensions in the Russian Federation” carried out according to the formula:

SP = IPK x SPK,

• JV- pension amount;
• IPC- individual pension coefficient;
• SPK- the value of the individual coefficient in monetary terms on the day of payment.

This formula fully applies to the calculation of pension payments to those who begin their working career in 2015. For those who have little time left before retirement, the rights accumulated up to this point will also be converted into points, and then will be calculated in a new way.

Thus, pension rights citizens formed before 2015 into the sum of individual coefficients, and to this value the coefficients for each year of service after 2015 will be added.

The value of the individual pension coefficient (IPC)

As can be seen from the formula that determines the insurance payment, its main element is the IPC. This coefficient takes into account both periods of work that took place before the new law comes into force, so periods after. Thus, the expectations of citizens who formed their pension rights under the conditions of the previous legislation are taken into account.

The value of the IPC is determined by the formula:

IPC = (IPC s + IPC n) x K in SP,

• IPC- individual coefficient for the day from which the payment is assigned;
• IPC with- individual coefficient for periods before January 1, 2015;
• IPC n- individual coefficient for periods of work after January 1, 2015;
• K in joint venture- increasing coefficient for and in case of loss of a breadwinner.

If the citizen then starts working again, then his insurance pension will not be reduced.

Indexation of pensions in 2019

Every year on February 1, the state provides all types of insurance pensions, taking into account rising prices and the average monthly salary in the country.

In 2019, taking into account budget planning with inflation in a larger amount than the actual one (actual - 4.3%), a decision was made increase insurance pensions by 7.05%, and with the indexation date shifted by one month - January 1st. This measure is aimed at ensuring a more significant increase in the real amount of pensions.

It is important to remember that the minimum pension payment cannot be below the subsistence level installed in each specific region. If the pension provision is below this level, then the citizen has the right to be established from the federal or regional budget.

Payment of labor pension

All types of insurance pensions are paid monthly for the current period. A pensioner can receive a pension payment personally or through a proxy. The pension established for the child is received by one of the parents or guardian. A fourteen-year-old child can receive a pension independently.

The method of delivery of pension payments is chosen by the citizen when writing an application for appointment. However, this method may be by submitting a corresponding application to the Pension Fund.

Pension payment carried out:

• through post office institutions (at home or at the post office);
• through the bank.

Suspension and termination of payment

Pension payments are subject to the following circumstances:

• failure to receive such payments within six months;
• failure of a disabled citizen to appear for the next re-examination;
• the pension recipient has reached the age of majority and has no documents confirming his full-time studies, or has completed his studies after the age of 18;
• termination of the residence permit;
• receipt of documents on the departure of a pensioner for permanent residence in a foreign state, with which an agreement has been concluded on the obligations of this state to provide pensions to our citizens;
• receipt of documents on moving for permanent residence to a foreign country with which an international treaty has not been concluded, and the absence of an application to leave Russia.

Suspension or termination payment of the pension amount is carried out from 1st, following the month in which such circumstances occurred.

Pension payments are subject to the following circumstances:

• death of the pension recipient or recognition as missing;
• the expiration of six months from the date of suspension of payment;
• loss of the right to an assigned type of pension;
• failure by a foreign citizen or stateless person to provide a residence permit;
• refusal to receive insurance payment.

It should be remembered that a citizen is obliged notify in a timely manner bodies of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation about the circumstances entailing the suspension or termination of pension provision. The previous pension legislation will be preserved. For this purpose it is carried out conversion of pension rights into individual coefficients.

A pension is money that a person receives due to reaching old age, the loss of a sole breadwinner, or disability. In our country there are two types of pensions - insurance (it is also called labor, it may also include a funded part) and social. What each of them is and how they differ from each other, read on.

Confirmation that a Russian is on government support is a pension certificate

Insurance pension

Regular transfers of financial resources to disabled people and old people who worked officially, or to the family of an insured deceased breadwinner, are called labor pensions (in everyday speech - insurance pensions). It always consists of two parts - fixed and variable (for citizens of a certain year of birth and meeting certain conditions, it is possible to receive not only the insurance part, but also the funded part). The insurance is directly proportional to the number of points, the so-called “points,” that were awarded to the resident throughout his life, and the accumulative is directly proportional to the degree of success in investing these funds.

Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 424-FZ. Articles 4 and 6. Persons entitled to a funded pension and conditions for receiving it

How to calculate?

Formula for calculating the pension income of the insured person:

fixed part + number of points * price of one point

Points are awarded based on two parameters:

• how much a person has worked in his entire life;
• how much insurance premiums he (or the employer) paid while working.

The number of points you earn directly depends on your earnings. So, if for a minimum salary of ten thousand rubles you will be awarded only 1 point, then for a salary of 85 thousand - 8.7 points. In this case, only the official part of earnings is taken into account, from which insurance premiums are paid.

Every year the state sets a price for one point. When calculating retiree income, the number of points a person has earned over a lifetime is multiplied by the value of the point. The price of a point increases every year, as does inflation.

The legislation provides for situations when insurance premiums are not received on behalf of a citizen, but his points are still added. Grace periods include:

1. Maternity leave until the baby is one and a half years old (the maximum period of general maternity leave is six years).
2. Service in the armed forces upon conscription.
3. Caring for a person with disabilities.
4. Caring for the elderly over eighty years of age.

It may happen that a citizen was employed during the grace period, but his wages were very low. For example, a maternity leave official was working. In this case, the citizen can independently choose: to count the points as for the grace period or as for the time of work.

Insurance pension calculator