Guide to architectural styles. Guide to Architectural Styles Lack of Attention Causes Overeating

23.06.2020

This style of the XVI-XVII centuries is named from the Italian barocco - bizarre, strange. And this word was also used by Dutch sailors to refer to defective pearls. It is not surprising that for a long time the word "baroque" was negative, and only in the 19th century did the attitude towards it change.

Michelangelo is considered the creator of the Baroque style. It was he who became the author of the most important baroque element - wall plastics. And his followers took the path of complication, depriving the walls of visual reliability and monumentality due to plasticity and dynamics. This is how buildings with convex, concave or even curvilinear facades, richly decorated with bas-reliefs, sculptures, vases, cartouches, appeared. And the interiors turned into a real whim: rounded corners, an abundance of mirrors, gilded stucco, ceiling paintings using the effect of “flowing” space into a “transcendental height”.

In general, the Baroque style emphasized power and prosperity, strove for grandeur and pomp. This is ostentatious, sometimes even exaggerated luxury.

A separate era in Russian architecture is the Naryshkin baroque. This style was popular in the Moscow region from the 1680s to the 1710s. It owes its name to the boyar family of the Naryshkins, on whose lands in Fili, Kuntsevo, Sviblovo, Troitse-Lykovo these bizarre buildings first appeared. They are well recognizable by the combination of traditional old Russian design, elegant flowers and abundant, often white stone decor. And this is due to the fact that the decree of Patriarch Nikon unified the forms of temples, leaving the freedom of creativity only in the decor.

Characteristic features of baroque buildings:	spaciousness, fluidity of complex curvilinear forms, rich stucco decoration, large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculptures; characteristic details - atlas, caryatid, mascaron, volutes.
The predominant colors of baroque buildings:	pastel colors, red, pink, white, blue with a yellow accent, a combination of white and gold.
Lines of baroque buildings:	convex-concave asymmetric pattern, the use of semicircles, rectangles, ovals; vertical lines of columns, pronounced articulation of the facade.
The form and construction of Baroque buildings:	broken facades with many towers, balconies, bay windows, decorative columns.
Characteristic elements of the interior of Baroque buildings:	massive front stairs, columns, pilasters, bas-reliefs, stucco; painting is one of the main dominants; furniture is a real piece of art, and its pretentiousness and richness seemed to be intended only for decorating the interior, and were not of a utilitarian nature.
Baroque building windows:	semicircular and rectangular with lavishly decorated architraves; large keystones or pediments above the windows; windows "bull's eye" (oval); French windows (start from the floor, the so-called "window-doors").
Baroque building doors:	arched openings with columns.
Roofs of baroque buildings:	hip or flat roofs with parapets; mansard roofs (double slope: the upper one is gentle, and the lower one is steep), which increase the usable volume of the building; oval domes.

Finally, the weather outside pleases with warmth, which means it's time to change shoes. However, do not rush into shopping, because not all models are able to decorate your legs in the spring. We have compiled a list of 5 options that should be avoided in stores. They will spoil the beauty of your legs!

#1: Overloaded with decor

Apparently, modern fashion has decided to take a break, and minimalism as one of the main trends of recent seasons is proof of this. This did not pass by and shoes.

Models overloaded with details in the form of applications and rhinestones are a thing of the past. And we are glad, because they mercilessly spoiled women's legs, making them heavier and drawing attention to all the shortcomings (if any).

No. 2: "Ultra feminine" models

Many girls, creating romantic images, often go too far, deciding to enhance the effect with fishnet shoes. In most cases, these are boots with a lace upper layer, all kinds of ruffles and perforations.

However, few of them think that such a “zest” will forgive the image, and sometimes even makes it provincial. Yes, and the beauty of the legs with their help does not emphasize.

No. 3: Transparent shoes

Some time ago, brands began to include transparent shoes and plastic boots in their collections. The trendsetter in this case was Kim Kardashian. Her daring images smitten millions of girls around the world, and they began to hastily buy similar ones.

And it would seem that they are good for everyone: both fashionable and perfect pedicure can be demonstrated. But it turned out that in ordinary life they are not so practical. Depending on the thickness of the shoe, the leg can be visually distorted, and in warm weather, condensation can form, which will kill all the “coolness” of the image on the spot.

No. 4: Semi-sport ballet flats

Perhaps the creators of this variation of the beloved ballet flats acted out of noble motives, but the situation is clearly out of control. The style of shoes, which is a mixture of sports and classic style, is simply doomed to failure.

Recall at least platform or heeled sneakers that caused a stir about 10 years ago. As for semi-sport ballet flats, then, all their advantages end with convenience. They make the legs heavier, make them visually shorter, and make any image awkward.

No. 5: Low shoes

Spring weather does not always please us with warm days, so girls' wardrobes are filled with ankle-high “underboots”. However, in this pursuit of two rabbits (simultaneously “still warm” and “not hot anymore”), women forget about how these shoes affect the appearance of their legs.

The main disadvantage is that they "cut" your legs, making them much shorter. In addition, a volume, albeit insignificant, is created around the ankle, which makes this zone wider than it actually is.

Do not try to surprise everyone around with original shoes or boots, but rather rely on time-tested classics. We guarantee you that it will be an excellent investment not only in your wardrobe in general, but also in the beauty of your legs in particular.

How Alena Kashina lives, who lost 100 kg and had plastic surgery

A variety of people with amazing stories come to Andrey Malakhov's program “Let them talk”. Many of them are tragic, hopeless and touch to tears. But the story of Alena Kashina from Izhevsk has a happy and inspiring ending. With a weight of 180 kg at the age of 28, the girl managed to lose as much as 100 kg and start a new life. How did she manage to achieve such impressive results and what is she doing today?

Lack of attention is the cause of overeating

On the TV show, Alena said that since childhood she had a tendency to be overweight. Parents did not monitor her diet and allowed the girl to eat whatever she wanted, in any quantity. After all, mothers and grandmothers are usually only happy if the child has a good appetite, and when they realize it, it's too late - doctors diagnose juvenile obesity and a number of functional disorders of internal organs.

This is exactly what happened to our heroine. She herself claims that the reason for overeating is the lack of attention, affection and warmth from the mother. From childhood, the girl was left to herself, she felt abandoned and unnecessary, therefore she ate her stress with everything that came to hand.

This is what Alena's standard snack looked like before

Psychologists say that this is possible. Many women, when they feel lonely and unnecessary (during conflicts with loved ones, stress at work, after parting with a loved one), begin to console themselves and “reward” with delicious treats. “Can’t I afford at least that?!” - this is how they motivate eating a pot of pasta with meat, half a cake and a bucket of ice cream eaten in one sitting.

But! Do not look for excuses for your weaknesses in others. The decision is always made by the person himself. And if he could take a step in one direction, he could take it in the other. Alena needed a push and support from the outside. It was for them that she turned to the transfer of Andrei Malakhov.

Your own body is like a prison

By the age of 28, Alena became a prisoner of her own swollen body. With a height of 160 cm, she weighed about 180 kg. With such dimensions, the girl could hardly walk, climbing the stairs turned into hard labor, taking a shower became a real test. Alena could hardly put on underwear and fasten her shoes on her own.

But in fact, a pretty and intelligent young woman also wanted to meet her hero, start a family, give birth to a child. But there was no question of any personal life, as well as a career: no one looked at Alena with such weight and did not invite her to a prestigious job.

With such dimensions, Alena could hardly cope with everyday activities: shower, dressing, going to the store

She voluntarily locked herself within the four walls and went out only when absolutely necessary. Her consolation was sausage sandwiches, sweet buns and cream cakes - she ate them with plates. She knew that she was hurting herself even more, but she could not stop.

Diet, exercise and surgery - only an integrated approach helped

Immediately after the TV show, nutritionists and a fitness instructor began working with Alena. Alena said that several times she tried to lose weight on her own, but each time she was defeated.

The maximum that she managed to achieve was 20 kg. And then the weight came back again.

This trend is typical for people with an extremely high body mass index. Only diet and training is not enough - you need an operation to bypass an overdistended stomach. The girl was promised to spend it, but only after she loses at least 20 kg. For Alena, this was a powerful motivation! After all, on her own, she would never be able to pay for an expensive operation.

Under the supervision of a nutritionist and gastroenterologist, Alena began to lose weight. First up to 160 kg, then more. After 2 years, she appeared in the studio again. And the audience did not recognize the former fat woman with a dull look in the perky, slender beauty.

Two years later, a completely new person appeared in the studio

How it was - a report of experts

If you are interested in the details of Alena Kashina's weight loss: at first she was transferred to a fractional low-calorie diet. She also practiced daily on an exercise bike, walking uphill, received power loads - all under the constant supervision of instructors.

In June, when the girl's weight dropped to 140 kg, they began to prepare her for gastric bypass surgery. The operation has a number of contraindications, therefore, at first, a month was spent on a complete examination of a difficult patient. In July, the operation was performed: doctors divided the distended stomach into two sections, removed part of the intestine from the digestive tract.

After the operation, Alena lost almost 30 kg in three months. During the rehabilitation period, the girl ate like a baby - everything boiled, fresh. mashed into puree. She continued to exercise on the track and walk, then began to visit the pool.

20 months after the start of the fight against excess weight, Alena weighed a little more than 80 kg. She was not going to stop and stated on the re-transmission that her plans were to weigh 56 kg. She continues to gradually lose weight - about 500 grams per day - adheres to fractional nutrition and does not stop playing sports.

Fantastic transformations - this is how Alena looked 20 months after the first transfer

But what now?

Today, Alena Kashina is already 34. She is not yet married, but notes that men pay attention to her. The young woman has a new hairstyle, wears fashionable clothes that were previously unavailable to her, and enjoys going to the gym.

Both Alena and the specialists who helped her lose 100 kg of excess weight (!) are deservedly proud of their achievements. And it's really an incredible story. It is not about how useful it is to play sports, eat right and how advanced medicine is today.

It is about the personal heroism of a simple girl who managed to overcome weakness and lack of will and start a new life at the cost of titanic efforts, pain and tears. And also about caring people who did not turn away and helped the needy to regain the joy of life and health. It is about patience, faith and fortitude.

This is how Alena looks now - and is not going to stop

ELLE compiled a short cheat sheet on the history of fashion from the 1910s to the 1990s

There is no such designer who would never quote his predecessors. To shift the well-forgotten old in a new way is a favorite technique of Jeremy Scott, Karl Lagerfeld, and Nicolas Ghesquière. In order to guess the allusions of the couturier at a glance at the silhouette and cut, it is worth understanding the history of fashion of the last century. ELLE has compiled a short "cheat sheet" on fashionable eras, which will not allow you to make a mistake.

Belle Epoque (translated from French as “beautiful era”) with a characteristic hourglass silhouette is being replaced by Art Deco. The new canon of beauty is the natural, unrestricted forms of the female body. Europe dresses up in exotic outfits, inspired by the ballet Scheherazade, presented by Diaghilev as part of the Russian Seasons in Paris.

fashion designer: Paul Poiret is a fashion reformer, it was he who freed women from corsets and bustles, offering loose tunic dresses in the ancient Greek style, as well as capes, montos and harem pants inspired by the East. Poiret introduced exoticism and orientalism into fashion, cultivating luxury and abundance in clothes: expensive fabrics and a lot of decor are signs of his creations.

Styles: high-waisted dress, skirt narrowed to the bottom, skirt-trousers, harem pants, kimono cape, sari dress, turban, pouch bag.

Fabrics and decor: brocade, silk, velvet, taffeta, oriental ornaments, gold thread embroidery, precious stones, batik.

Style Icons: Isadora Duncan made Poiret's loose tunic famous all over the world by appearing on stage in a translucent outfit - an unheard of audacity. Another fashion icon of the era - Ida Rubinstein, the star of the ballet "Scheherazade" - did not leave the image of an oriental beauty outside the stage, choosing silk kimonos for every day.

An emancipated woman drives a car, writes novels, smokes, and famously dances the Charleston in a comfortable straight dress with a low waist - a symbol of the era. The modest elegance of Coco Chanel coexists with the excesses of the Jazz Age: feathers, boas and fringes. The garcon style (translated from French as “boy”) coexisted with Art Deco, and is still popular.

fashion designer: Coco Chanel dressed women in men's clothes and proved that a little black dress, complemented by a string of pearls, is an evening option no worse than a beaded outfit. Jeanne Lanvin was responsible for a more feminine fashion direction.

Styles: cylinder dress, fur coat, jacket, cardigan, loose canvas trousers, pajama set for the beach, cloche hat, headbands and headbands with rich decorations.

Fabrics and decor: lace, silk, velvet, wool, boucle, jersey; basic colors - black, white, gray, cream, beige; pearl jewelry, a minimum of decor - for Chanel, a maximum - for the rest (embroidery, feathers, bows, glass beads).

Style Icons: Silent film actress and dancer Louise Brooks became famous not only for her freedom of morals, but also for her love of cloche hats. Tennis player Suzanne Lenglet introduced the fashion for women's sportswear.

The new era resolutely refuses the androgynous style of the dress, which hides sensual curves. Fashion designers proclaim a different silhouette - an accentuated waist, from which a flowing long skirt extends. Following the athletes, the girls begin to wear knitwear. The luxurious decor of the past decade is forgotten - the Great Depression and the feeling of an imminent war set completely different moods.

fashion designer: Elsa Schiaparelli invents a sweater dress, a printed jumper, for the first time using viscose and a zipper. She is the first fashion provocateur and surrealist. What is worth at least a dress with lobster and parsley or a hat in the form of a shoe!

Styles: floor-length dress with an accentuated waistline, sweater dress, jumper, pleated tennis skirts, polo dresses, sweatpants, elbow-length silk gloves, trains, the first bathing suits.

Fabrics and decor: tulle, silk, velvet, wool, knitwear; noble saturated and pastel colors - dark blue, burgundy, pearl; lace trim.

Style Icons: Women of cold beauty, Hollywood stars - Marlene Dietrich and Greta Garbo, beckoning from the screens with perfection and sophistication.

The war begins, and the girls are forced to abandon luxurious complex outfits. Military-style clothing appears - women's items sewn from the same fabrics as the uniform of the military. While fashion in Europe is shackled by the restrictions of the Second World War, the United States creates its own haute couture.

fashion designer: The main “trendsetter” of the decade is the shortage of fabrics, buttons, and decorative elements. It is he who determines the innovations in women's wardrobe: shortens the length of the skirt, prohibits lush frills due to the high consumption of fabric, deprives stockings and hairpins, and girls have to wear hats and scarves to hide untidy hair.

Styles: a fitted jacket with patched shoulders, a double-breasted coat, a pencil skirt, a blouse with puffed sleeves, a shirt-cut dress with an emphasis on the waist, a dress in a marine style, a hat with a veil, a belt, brooches, beads.

Fabrics: dark green, khaki, brown, grey, dark grey, black, sky blue, white, light yellow, red; wool, cotton, flannel; plaid, polka dot print.

Style Icons: America's sex symbol, Hollywood actress Rita Hayworth and pin-up models Betty Grable and Bettie Page. Images of beauties were so fond of American soldiers that they even repeated them on airplanes.

Paris returns the title of fashion capital. New look - a new look for a woman, proposed by Christian Dior, is gaining popularity. During the war years, everyone was too tired of hardship! Girls strive to look as feminine as possible and spend a lot of time and money on toilets.

Fashion Designers: Christian Dior generously spends meters of fabric on one full skirt with a high waist (an outrageous and delightful luxury!) And again drags women into corsets. Cristobal Balenciaga takes a different path and prefers a straight silhouette and architectural experiments with it to Dior's "buds" and "hourglass". Coco Chanel returns to the world of fashion and presents a tweed jacket with a skirt, while Hubert Givenchy creates elegant, aristocratic outfits for his muse Audrey Hepburn.

Styles: floor-length bustier dress, flared pleated skirt, short narrow-waisted jacket, A-line coat with three-quarter sleeves, gloves, small hat, clutch bag, pointed-toe shoes, pearls, necklaces.

Fabrics and decor: velor, flannel, wool, silk, satin, suede; embroidered flowers, lace, small flower pattern, horizontal stripe.

Style Icons: Marilyn Monroe, Grace Kelly, Sophia Loren, Elizabeth Taylor and Audrey Hepburn dictate fashion from the screens, demonstrating the latest models of the most popular designers.

Freedom of morals is a fashionable anthem of the era! A miniskirt, jeans, a trouser suit, a-line dresses and an A-line coat appear in the women's wardrobe. Fashion designers, following contemporary artists, are experimenting with might and main and creating clothes from vinyl and synthetic materials.

Fashion Designers: English designer Mary Quant gave the world a miniskirt. André Courrège and Yves Saint Laurent almost simultaneously presented a short A-line dress, which became an absolute hit. In addition to haute couture, couturiers are starting to create pret-a-porter collections.

Styles: miniskirt, high-waisted trousers, jeans, a-line dress, round collar coat, peasant-style shirt, sundress, knee-high boots, shoulder bag, wide-brimmed hats.

Fabrics and decor: cotton, denim, knitwear, wool, viscose, stripes, checks, polka dots, small patterns; strings, bows, collars, lace trim.

Style Icons: Brigitte Bardot made the sensual look ultra-fashionable: her tousled bouffant hairstyle and bright black arrows were copied everywhere. Jacqueline Kennedy reconciled trends and timeless classics in her stylish looks and served as a model of elegance for thousands of women from all over the world.

The denim boom is taking over the world: blue and blue, ripped and frayed denim are at the peak of popularity. Following the growing hippie movement, couturiers are turning to folklore and ethnicity. Unisex style is gaining ground - men and women dress in the same, simple and comfortable clothes. Actual music dictates its own dress code - this is how the disco style appears. Outrageous punk - the style of rebellious youth - was adopted by Vivienne Westwood. New fashion centers are emerging - for example, in the first Milan Fashion Week, Giorgio Armani, Gianni Versace and the Missoni family presented their collections.

fashion designer: Yves Saint Laurent gave fashion a women's tuxedo, sheer blouse, safari style, abstract prints, African motifs and much more. "Japanese in Paris" Kenzo Takada acted as an apologist for Asian sensuality and street style. Sonia Rykiel made the fine jersey sweater dress her calling card, and Oscar de la Renta opened a personal brand in New York.

Styles: turtlenecks, shirts, jeans, flared trousers, sundresses, knitted sweaters, cardigans, hats, ponchos, canvas bags, baubles, overalls.

fashion designer: Karl Lagerfeld becomes creative director of Chanel in 1983 and launches the House's first ready-to-wear line. Japanese designers Yohji Yamamoto and Rei Kawakubo are declaring themselves with a completely new trend in fashion - deconstructivism, which transforms and breaks the usual silhouettes of clothes.

Styles: classic trousers with arrows, jackets and tuxedos with patched shoulders, sheath dresses, dresses and sweaters with batwing sleeves, leather jackets and raincoats, leggings, bustier tops, mini and midi made of leather, platform shoes, over the knee boots.

Fabrics and decor: leather, mohair, velor, velveteen, suede, silk, satin, viscose; rich and neon shades, animal prints, vertical stripes.

Style Icons: Grace Jones, who did not change the boyish short haircut and leather outfits. Madonna and her aggressively sexy image.

Fashion Designers: Marc Jacobs showcases a grunge collection at Fashion Week on behalf of Perry Ellis. John Galliano shocks critics with his theatrical shows. Calvin Klein brings androgyny back into fashion.

Styles: t-shirts, pullovers, denim jackets, low-waisted jeans, denim skirts, sundresses with thin straps, hoodies and sweatshirts, sneakers and sneakers, rough boots.

Fabrics and decor: cotton, denim, leather, flannel, viscose, chiffon, all colors, prints with logos and names of famous companies.

Style Icons: Supermodels Linda Evangelista, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, Christy Turlington, Claudia Schiffer and Kate Moss, who have become not just faces of the era, but role models for millions.

Do you want to make your image bright and memorable? Then these tips are for you! Take them into service, and you will look great in any situation.

How to properly handle clothes, what to choose and how to buy certain things correctly, you will learn from our guide to fashion and style. With the help of these tips, you will change your image and become more attractive and interesting.

Throw away everything old.
It is worth starting with this. To make room for something new, you need to get rid of the old - this rule applies not only within the wardrobe, but also in relation to life in general.
Planning to buy an outfit for an important event? Approach the issue with all seriousness.
To make shopping for a dress for a wedding or a party as smooth as possible, put on the shoes and lingerie that you plan to wear that day, as well as do the same make-up and hair. That way you can make sure everything looks perfect.
Extend the life of cashmere.
To make cashmere last longer, try to buy better quality clothes made from this material. Also, these products should be washed by hand in cold water.
Stretch new shoes without pain.
To stretch shoes that are chafing, fill freezer bags with water and stick them in your shoes. Then put the shoes in the freezer overnight.
No time to dress up? Tie a bow tie!
It looks very impressive, and you can make a butterfly out of anything. This is a quick and easy way to look more stylish and original.
Buy outerwear wisely.
When you buy a jacket, coat or jacket, it is very important that the thing sits perfectly on the shoulders. After all, this is the only thing that cannot be corrected in this kind of clothing.
The rule of open areas of the body.
Expose one area of the body at a time. It can be legs, back, arms or décolleté. But not all at once. Otherwise, you risk looking vulgar or inappropriate.
8. Treat yourself like a queen.
Love yourself and take care of your health. Allow yourself to sleep and rest when needed. The better you treat yourself and the more you take care of yourself, the more beautiful you will look.
Make your clothes work for you.
Try to choose clothes that represent you in the best possible light. It is enough to know a few elementary rules about what styles and colors are suitable for a particular type of figure, and use them to your advantage.
Problems with jeans?
No wardrobe is complete without a pair of jeans. If at the time of purchase you are in doubt about which size to choose, take a smaller one, as after several washes all jeans stretch.
Say no to make-up and deodorant stains.
If you find such a stain on your clothes, try to remove it with warm water and detergent. Also, many stains of this kind are wiped off with ordinary wet wipes.
Be daring with accessories.
Properly selected accessories will give individuality to your image. If your clothes are in calm shades, be sure to add a bright accessory to it. Also, an easy way to make clothes more interesting is to change the buttons.
Scarves are always a good idea!
The scarf is one of the most important accessories. There are many colors, sizes and materials, so you can definitely choose the one that suits you. Even the simplest outfit with a scarf becomes more stylish.
Dress comfortably to have fun all night long.
If you want to have fun, be sure that clothes do not require you to think about them every couple of minutes.
What to do if the budget is limited ...
Make a list of what you need. Look for discounts and great deals on these items. Don't buy clothes just because they're on sale. You're probably just throwing money away this way. Also try to prioritize quality over quantity.
Critically evaluate a thing before you buy it.
When you buy clothes, take your time and carefully examine it from all sides. Listen to your feelings. If you feel at your best in this thing, then this is how you will look in it.
Be open to new things.
Do you have dresses, blouses and sweatshirts of the same cut in your closet? You shouldn't be afraid to try something new. Not sure if this dress will suit you? Be sure to try.
Make friends with belts.
A well-chosen belt will not only help to make your waist visually thinner, but will also become a striking accessory.
Have you ever worn men's clothes?
The suit is very comfortable. In it you will feel great and will be able to give the impression of a strong personality. Only under one condition - it must fit perfectly on the figure.
Take a spare set of clothes with you, just in case.
We all have bad moments sometimes. Spilled coffee on your blouse right before a meeting? A stain can make you feel out of place when you should be shining.
Therefore, at important moments it is better to have something in reserve. You can leave a set of clothes at the office just in case. For example, a white button-down shirt can fit into any style of clothing.
Turn to a seamstress.
Custom-made clothes often look better than store-bought because they fit perfectly. Meet a good seamstress and consult with her about what is better to sew or alter from what is. Together you will come to many bright solutions.
Bags for all occasions.
The bag is the calling card of every woman. There should be several of them for different types of outfits.
Get to grips with your stuff.
Learn to compactly pack your clothes into one suitcase or travel bag. To keep clothes clean and fresh, place them in freezer bags.
Learn to sew.
Knowing how to sew a little is very useful and a must. This skill will come in handy everywhere - from torn off buttons and children's costumes for matinees and ending with the fact that you can create original things with your own hands.
Take care of your things.
Get a quality iron and a good washing powder. Also, be sure to look at the sewn-in labels, where it is written how to take care of what thing.

With these basic rules in hand, you can develop your own unique style in clothes that will help you feel irresistible in any situation. Save these tips so you don't forget anything!