Dog training at home. How and at what age can a puppy be trained at home? Teaching a dog puppy basic commands: an initial training course, a list of commands, a description of gestures, videos, tips. What a delicacy

30.08.2019

She has become a true friend to you, obedient and devoted, you need to teach her actions that she will easily perform. How to properly train and teach a dog commands at home will be discussed in this article.

At what age can you start training?

When a puppy appears in your house, he is already able to perceive simple and basic commands and training in general. But before starting training, you need to make friends with the baby so that he trusts you. Puppies are easier to train than adults, but this must be done in a playful way, to interest him.

At this stage, training and education of the puppy is closely intertwined. Since the beginning of its appearance teach him to walk with a collar, come up with a nickname and teach him to respond to it. And he should already know where his toilet is. After learning the basics and after reaching 3 months of age, you can proceed to more complex commands.

Conditions and Attributes for Learning Commands

The training conditions for your dog are of great importance, and the right place will speed up and simplify the training process.

Place to study

Any place for training is suitable for you, but you need to take into account several important criteria that will affect the process itself:

in summer, in hot weather, it is better to conduct classes in the morning or evening;
it is best to train the dog while walking;
choose a quiet and calm place where your pet will not have an unnecessary reason to be distracted;
the area that you have chosen should be well known to the animal, and if you are there for the first time, then take a walk with him or let him run and sniff everything;
it is important to remember the rule: the dog is better oriented on the terrain - it learns better;
you can practice at home or in the yard.

Necessary accessories

The set of necessary tools for training is not at all expensive and not heavy. If you go outside, be sure to bring a collar and leash. The most important subject of training is the treat that the dog receives after a correctly performed exercise. What it will be, choose for yourself. Dry food is best because it does not get dirty and can be stored well. But if your pet loves something different, then pamper him after a good job. The main thing is that these are small and convenient pieces of food.

If you are going for a walk during the day, when it’s hot, do not forget to grab water for the dog and a bowl in which to pour it.

Basic principles of training

Let's move on to the most important - the training process.

How much to train a dog?

The first few sessions should be carried out no more than 20-30 minutes, because the dog will get bored and tired. Increase the time every day and bring it up to 1 hour a day. It is better if you break this time into small intervals. For example, you train for 10 minutes - he runs and plays for 5 minutes. This will make the process more productive.

Basic commands

« To me"Is one of the first commands to be trained. Use it in conjunction with your nickname. And when the pet comes up to you, praise him and give him a treat.
« A place”Learns from an early age together with the team“ to me ”. First you need to equip this very place for the pet by putting a rug or pillow and his favorite toys. You need to call the dog to him and say "place": when he comes up, lay down and give a treat, while repeating "place, well done."

« Nearby". You will need a collar to study. Place the animal at the left leg. Give the command "near" and start walking. The dog should walk alongside you, not pulling forward or lagging behind. And it is important that she does not pull the leash in any direction. If this happens, then sharply pull the leash, and repeat "next to".

« Ugh". This command is easier to describe with an example. If your dog is gnawing on a slipper or biting its owner, you need to sharply and threateningly say "fu" and slap on the bottom. If he does not react, then the command is repeated, and you can hit harder.

« Sit”Begins with your dog lying at your left foot. Take out a treat, bring it to your nose and lift it up. The pet will rise after the treat, and then you say “sit, smart”. And be sure to treat them to a treat.

« Lie"- the command is simple. It is enough to put the treat on the floor in front of the dog and he will lie down to reach it. Then the command “lie down” sounds, and you give the treat.

« Stand"Is a little more difficult, and learns after" sitting ". When the dog sits at the left leg, you need to say "stand" and with your left hand lift it by the stomach so that it stands on its paws. Repeat the command and praise.

« Excerpt"Is an important command for any dog. It is important that in the commands "stand", "sit" and "lie down" he held on as long as possible: it starts from 30 seconds of exposure, and ideally reaches 30 minutes. After he lasts, be sure to praise him.

« Give"Is a command when you just name it and change a pet toy or stick while playing for a treat.

« Fas»Is studied from 6-9 months, and here it is better to resort to the services of professionals, since this team teaches to be angry and be aggressive - the wrong approach can direct aggression at you.

« Aport"- the team is trained in a playful way: you throw a toy or a stick to the animal, and at the time when it grabs it, say" fetch, well done. "

Important! During the execution of commands, it is necessary to change their sequence every day so that the animal does not develop a habit.

Additional rules

There are some rules that will make training easier and will help in the first lessons:

Before starting to train, you need to be alone so that no one distracts the dog.
Let him run and walk well before classes: this way the pet will be more attentive and focused.
The dog should perceive information without fear. If you notice that he is scared, then you overdid it with severity. Continue the next day and be compliant and calm.
Do not repeat the command several times in a row, because in the future your pet will perform them after several repetitions.
Teach your dog to obey all family members.

Dog breed and training

There are very intelligent dogs that are easy to train. The most trainees are:

rottweiler;
Australian Shepherd
papillon;
doberman;
Labrador;
sheltie;
poodle;
German Shepherd;
Border Collie.

But there are breeds that are very difficult to work with, and they practically do not lend themselves to any kind of training:

bulldog;
mastiff;
Russian greyhound;
Afghan hound;
basenji;
chow-chow;
beagle;
Pekingese;
bloodhoud.

Is there anything you can teach an adult dog?

Many take dogs from a shelter (or for other reasons have not trained it since childhood) and ask the question: "Is it possible to train an adult dog, and is there any point in starting?" An unambiguous statement - it is possible and necessary. To train an adult dog, you need to put in more effort and time, but the result will certainly be. Remember that they are one of the smartest animals, so an adult pet can be trained to perform the necessary commands.

Be patient and be friends with your pet. Then you will be able to teach him all the most necessary commands.

A dog, regardless of the characteristics of the breed and size, needs education and training, that is, training. For serious breeds (German Shepherd, Alabai, Rottweiler or Boerboel) training is mandatory, otherwise the dogs will be socially dangerous and uncontrollable, which can lead to negative consequences. Also, decorative animals should be trained in the simplest canine literacy, so as not to be a burden for the owners and others.

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Prerequisites for Effective Learning

It is not only the result of the training that is important, but also the process during which the relationship between the owner and the pet should get stronger, become more trusting and friendly. Therefore, you should pay attention to the following points:

It is necessary to start the simplest training from scratch and at home during a game that brings pleasure, then it is easier to learn and fix the necessary commands.
Dogs are individual: what one could easily master, the other may not do immediately. You should not compare animals and be disappointed, draw a conclusion about the intelligence of your pet based on one point in training.
Train the animal when it comes from a walk in a good mood. Against the background of positive emotions, with rewards in the form of treats, dogs achieve the desired results faster. Abuse and physical punishment will not inspire trust and obedience.
Team training should continue unobtrusively in daily life.
The correct actions of the dog should definitely be encouraged with a treat.

In order for the puppy to try more willingly to get food as a reward, it is recommended that all classes be carried out before feeding.

Raising and training a puppy

Education precedes and accompanies training and has no age restrictions. You can train and train a dog at home both as a 2-month old and as an adult. At almost any age, the animal is fully trainable.

But it is most effective to start raising a pet as early as childhood. As soon as the puppy began to independently move around the house, then along the way there is a need for certain rules of behavior. Like training, educational moments should be carried out from the very beginning with the help of rewards, not punishments.

It is recommended to start classes at home. This territory has already been repeatedly surveyed by the puppy, it is familiar to him, so there will be no distractions in the form of new smells and unfamiliar animals. Once the skills are established, you can continue training on the site and complicate the task.

Parenting highlights and common mistakes

Dogs (even pets) are pack animals and they obey the laws of life in a pack, think in categories that are often incomprehensible to the owner. Due to human misunderstanding, confusion arises in the dog's mind, which translates into improper behavior of the animal, which causes both people and the dog to suffer.

Absolute submission to a person in everyday situations

The correct behavior of the pet consists in the following provisions:

Never allow your pet to be present when people eat, and do not feed the dog from the table.
Do not allow a person to sleep in a sleeping place or occupy his chair.
Do not play tug-of-war or rag toys.

In a pack, dominant individuals always eat the best and first. The rest are waiting to be allowed to eat what is left. Such a principle is not humiliation for an animal, but a simple rule that everyone obeys. This maintains order in the flock. Leaders choose their own rookery, no one dares to encroach on it. Nobody takes anything from the leader's property. This is perceived as a riot and is strictly suppressed.

Errors in training:

Begging a dog while eating by the owner is bad not only because it bothers people. It damages the psychology of the animal, which gets what it wants on demand. This in the mind of the pet means that the main one is not the owner, but the dog.
A similar result is produced by permission to sleep on the bed or permission to take the toy.

Choosing a solution when performing various actions

A puppy, like an adult dog, has no right to make decisions and act according to its will: bark, howl, show aggression towards animals or people, leave the owner, etc. All decisions in the pack are made by the leader (owner). Subordinates must obey, disobedience is unacceptable. Exceptions are rare cases when a dog is trained to act quickly in extreme situations, without waiting for a human command (teaching Newfoundlands to save drowning people, etc.).

A dog that behaves according to its preferences is always a burden for those around it: it barks and howls when it wants to, threatens to attack or runs away. The owner should take a dominant position and not allow the pet to infringe on power in any situation.

Position of the dog and owner when moving

When moving, a person dominates, because only he has the privilege of being the first to enter the door, the first to meet guests, the first to go out into the street from the house.

This is also confirmed by observations of the life of schooling animals. Only the leader has the right to be ahead of the pack. He will not give up his place to anyone, because he is responsible for what may happen.

If a person follows a dog, it automatically takes responsibility for everything that happens (and for a person as well). Therefore, she herself has to make decisions and act according to her choice.

The successful upbringing of a dog depends entirely on the owner, he must understand canine psychology and use it in training. If you ignore the dog's gregarious instincts, it is very easy to form a nervous animal with a spoiled character and a disturbed psyche, since a dog cannot bear the share of responsibility that an unreasonable or careless owner shifts onto it.

Dogs, like other animals, have a genetic instinctual program that, when used correctly, practically does not fail. The owner can upset the program, ascribing to the four-legged human feelings and desires, which in fact animals do not have.

Basic commands

For a young puppy (2-3 months old) who has recently been brought into the house, the first commands learned will be standard phrases. In parallel with the beginning of education, the puppy must get used to the collar and leash. At an older age, about 5-6 months, large breed dogs are taught to calmly respond to a muzzle.

The basis for the successful mastering of commands by a pet is the development of the ability to obey a person. The teams are consolidated in stages.

Nickname

In order for a dog to learn to react to its name (nickname), it is necessary:

When feeding, when stroking, caressing, say the name of the dog. The voice should be smooth and pleasant. In a pet, this word will be associated with pleasant actions.
You cannot call a dog by name when you need to scold her in a stern voice. At the same time, it is necessary to train the dog to the collar.

"To me!"

What needs to be done for the dog to learn the command "to me":

When the owner calls the pet to feed him, you must say the command. The puppy has approached, you need to reward with a treat.
Once the team has mastered at home, you should continue to consolidate it in more difficult circumstances - on the street, where there are many distractions.
If the puppy does not respond to the command, do not insist and yell at the pet. In such cases, you need to continue training at home again and persistently consolidate the result with the help of a treat.

In case of disobedience and persistent repetition of the words of the command, the pet will have a causal relationship between its behavior and the command: "to me" will mean "do what you want" for him. Frequent repetition of words will be fixed in the mind of the dog with its behavior. In cases where the words "to me" are already incorrectly fixed, the phrase must be replaced with another, synonymous, for example: "here", "on". For a pet, there is no difference which word is pronounced. It is important for him that this word promises to receive a treat.

"A place!"

At first, this means that the puppy should go to his bed, his resting place. When the owner calls the puppy by name to the place allotted for him, he should put a treat on the mat and praise the dog. This can be done several times during the day. When the puppy has learned the command well, it should be complicated: the pet must remain in place until he is allowed to leave. If the puppy is in one place, then he will receive a reward in the form of a tasty morsel.

With successful assimilation, you need to achieve such a result in which any place indicated by the owner will become the place where the dog should sit and wait for the owner or permission to leave. The transition to a more complex stage of training is possible only when the previous one is perfectly mastered.

"Nearby!"

Even a 3-month-old puppy can be taught to walk alongside and not to tear the leash, if everything is done correctly:

This command is practiced with specific tools. They are a collar and a leash.
The dog is required to simply walk alongside, and not torn with all its might to the side and not create discomfort for the owner and everyone around him. The animal should walk calmly next to the owner's left leg, half-body behind, with a leash freely hanging without the slightest tension. To work out this command, you will need to put on a "Controller" ring or leash over or instead of a regular collar. It is a thick cord with a clip-regulator for tight attachment around the pet's neck. The "controller" is attached above an ordinary collar, below the ears, where the dog's sensitive points are located.
It is necessary to ensure that the dog is not ahead of the person, but is slightly behind. When pulling the leash forward or to the side, make a sharp and short upward jerk.
If the dog walks calmly and correctly, you need to say "close" and reward with a treat. A sharp jerk with a leash in case of improper behavior will create discomfort for the dog, and after several such actions it will understand that after pulling the leash, unpleasant sensations will follow, and with a calm movement there will be a reward in the form of a treat.

A common mistake of owners is the incorrect use of the command: when the dog pulls on the leash, he hears the word "near!", Which the animal associates with its behavior. Therefore, this command (as understood by the dog) means pulling the leash.

"Fu", "no!", "No!"

If you try to pick up food from the ground or perform any other action that should be stopped, the command "no!" Is given. You can use another short word that is pronounced with a confident and strict tone. When teaching this command, clicking with a clicker (a special keychain with a clicking button) or fingers works well, this distracts the dog from the intention to do something and draws attention to the owner. If the dog is on a leash, then a sharp jerk of the leash up and the word "fu!" or not!"

Experienced dog handlers do not recommend hitting a puppy or a dog for disobedience even with a twig or a newspaper. Punishment is contrasted with food rewards and repeated skill training.

"Sit!", "Lie!"

The options for sound signals for the team can be "sit!", "Lie down!" "for the dog to learn how to do them, you should:

Offer the puppy a treat that will require him to tilt his head up. At this time, the owner gently presses the lower back of the pet and sits it down. If the dog has sat down, it should be given a treat.
In order for the puppy to lie down from a sitting position on the command to "lie down", he again needs to offer food, at some distance from his muzzle (it will be more convenient to reach it while lying down). The owner must again help him to lie down and only then give food as a reward.

After several training sessions, the dog will understand what needs to be done to receive the reward and will act without human assistance. It is imperative that the animal remains for a few seconds in a given position, waiting for permission for other actions. Later, you can work out these commands only with the help of gestures, without voice.

"Stand!"

In order for the dog to learn to execute the command, you must:

When pronouncing the word "stand!" from a sitting or lying position, lift the puppy under the belly, and hold the collar with the other hand. The dog should rise in place, without moving forward. After that, the animal receives a treat.
For a more perfect working out of the team, it is necessary to maintain a pause (starting from 3 seconds and bringing the pause time to 15) and reward the dog with a treat only after the time has elapsed.
With a clear execution, they switch to a complicated form - giving a command with a gesture. You should also gradually increase the distance between the pet and yourself (up to 10-15 m).

"Give!"

The command is very similar to the "no!" Ban command, since it restricts the dog in the desired action. To take away from the puppy an object in which he is interested, he should offer him something more attractive: a favorite treat. You should not take away by force and at the same time pronounce the word of the command. The dog must voluntarily give what the owner requires. Favorite food serves as an incentive for this. First, the puppy gives up the toy for food, and when the skill is fixed through repeated repetition, the dog can be encouraged with words and affection.

"Aport!"

The practice of this difficult command also begins with the game:

1. First, you should work out the command "give!"
2. While playing with a stick or toy with the owner, the dog tries to take possession of the object. At the moment of the greatest interest of the animal, the owner throws the object of the game far away from him and says "fetch!" The pet runs after the toy, tries to find it and take it.
3. The owner calls him up and demands to execute the command "give!"

If the dog does not run after the thrown object, the owner, along with it, runs up to him and repeats the word of the command. For the slightest learning success, the dog should receive a reward. But gradually the task should become more complicated, since only with a clear execution of the command from the first time the animal receives encouragement.

Ideally, the dog should, on command, find the thrown object, bring it to the owner, run around it from behind, come to the left leg, sit down and then give it back. Experienced trainers find it difficult to train this command, because not every dog will be able to learn how to perform it perfectly.

"Voice!"

You should not immediately give the treat to the pet, it is better to show the food and hold it in front of the dog. She will start begging for her by barking. At this time, the owner repeats the command "voice!" The promotion is carried out without fail after its implementation.

If the dog silently asks for a treat, does not vote, you can ask another family member to demonstrate in front of the animal what is required to receive a reward. Usually, after 2-3 times, the command becomes clear to the pet.

"Give me a paw!"

This command comes in handy for clipping claws and for entertaining guests. The treat is given to the dog to sniff and squeezed in a fist in front of its nose. The dog may start scratching his fist with his paw. At this time, the words of the command are repeated and the food is given to the animal.

"Fas!"

There is no need to practice this kind of action in decorative dogs or in all others that do not belong to service dogs. Small breeds are more inclined to show aggression towards strangers on their own initiative and without a request from the owner. The team is considered difficult and is usually practiced with an instructor or assistant who must be wearing a protective suit.

Algorithm for processing the "face!" Command:

1. A stranger approaches the owner with the dog and inflicts sensitive, but not painful blows on the pet's back.
2. When the dog gets angry, the stranger puts some soft object, something like old clothes, to grab it.
3. When the animal grabs the object with its teeth, the owner says the command "face!" and encourages the dog.

In addition to these commands, you can teach the dog to others: "walk!", "Forward!", "Barrier!", "Crawl!", "Guard!" (at the discretion of the owner). But it is not easy to achieve perfect execution of a standard set of commands.

Classes on the site with an instructor

This is the right solution for inexperienced owners or for difficult-to-train breeds. When choosing an instructor, one should be guided not only by the recommendations of several acquaintances or a club, but it would also be good to look at the work of this person directly on the site before contacting him.

Serious and correct training requires the presence of the owner along with the dog and the handler. Staying a pet at a dog handler during training is possible if the dog is being prepared for the police patrol service.

Training with a specialist is especially recommended for dogs of large breeds, intended for security guard and search service. Also, the advice of an experienced dog handler will be required for the dog owner himself, especially regarding his own behavior in raising a pet.

Features of training different breeds

Training and training of different breeds has its own characteristics: for service dogs, it is necessary to undergo a general and special training course (from 6-8 months) on the site with an instructor, for hunting breeds (from 1-3 months) there is a special set of commands with in the forest or in the field, for decorative breeds (from 3-6 months), education at home is enough.

How to train dogs of different breeds:

Name of breeds	Features of training and education
Security-sentry: rottweiler, german shepherd, alabai	With the general education and training of guard dogs, they teach special commands that are needed when guarding and patrolling the territory. These commands include: "Listen!". An alert dog should carefully listen to extraneous sounds. "Track!". The dog must take the trail and follow it. "Protect!" The dog is obliged to prevent strangers from entering its territory in the absence of a person. The skill is practiced together with an assistant, who plays the role of a stranger and provokes the dog to take protective actions
Hunting: spaniel, shorthaired pointer, terrier, jack russell terrier, laika, husky	Up to 6-8 months, the dog is trained and trained in standard commands. After six months, special training begins: training, which consists in driving up hounds, training huskies, attracting burrows and greyhounds, in the ability to get an object out of the water and bring it to its owner. Endurance is an important exercise for hunting dogs. After executing the command, the animal does not immediately receive a reward in the form of a treat, but after a few seconds, and the owner, during such an artificial pause, moves away from the dog by several meters. Also, hunting dogs are taught not to be afraid of shots and loud sounds.
Decorative: spitz, pug, chihuahua, japanese chin	In addition to the basic commands, small dogs can be taught to know the names of all family members. This technique is developed simply: 1. The dog is brought to the person and his name is called, after that the person gives the dog a treat. 2. After a few exercises, the pet will remember which word is attached to which person, and will unmistakably go to the named family member to receive a treat. You can also train to close the door on command, bring slippers, stand on your hind legs, imitate a dance
Shepherds and cattle: alabai, labrador	After mastering the basics of training, the grown-up puppy is taught to animals so that the herd is not afraid of dogs, and the dogs do not attack the herd. In teaching shepherd work, special commands are needed: "Drive!"(when driving out of a pen or when moving forward in a pasture). "Around!"(when collecting scattered animals). "Forward!"(to level the edge of the herd). "Quiet!"(slowing down the pace of movement). These exercises are practiced by a shepherd or trainer directly next to the herd on a free pasture. All correct actions of the dog are necessarily encouraged by a treat.

This section is entirely devoted to dog training at home. I will not write trivial things about the fact that a professional should train a dog, etc. Because it is not so, or rather not quite so. Of course, if you do not have the time, opportunity or desire to deal with the dog, then it is better to turn to specialists, but if you have all this, then what could be better than a dog trained by you personally. A dog that has walked with you a long and difficult path from a puppy to an adult obedient dog is an ideal that you can and should strive for.

If you are reading this section, then you probably decided to train your dog on your own, and I'll tell you, it's right! The main thing is to have the courage to bring this undertaking to its logical conclusion, and not to abandon it in the middle of the path. In this section I will post all the materials on self-training dogs.

The very word training comes from the French "dresser" and means to teach. This means that the dog is taught to perform certain actions according to certain commands by voice or conventional gestures.

It is necessary to immediately separate the concepts of training and education. We often hear requests from people who bring their dog for training: "But we need the dog not to dig holes in the yard and walk only along the paths" or "Our dog barks at neighbors for 24 hours, make it so that it does not bark" ... These issues are not resolved with training, and no trainer will help you if you are not raising your dog. The trainer can teach your dog by command "Come to me!" come up to you on the command "Place!" go to your seat on the command "Sit!" sit down, on the command "Lie down!" lie down, etc., but the trainer cannot make your dog stop chasing a cat or a cyclist, jumping on you with his paws and chewing on your shoes. Raising a puppy is a separate big topic.

There are many different types and systems of dog training in the world today. What is their difference. I would divide all dog training services into two large sections. The first section is smaller, this is obedience - the basic section that is found in all types of training, be it the Soviet school (okd) or Western training (ipo). This is due to the fact that communication with a dog that does not know elementary commands is very difficult or not possible at all, not to mention further training. Just as you cannot study mathematics without knowing the multiplication table, you cannot study with a dog that does not come up to the command "Come to me!" or does not stop its actions on the command "No!" The general training includes the commands necessary in daily communication with the dog for trouble-free communication and are useful for both humans and dogs. These are the commands "Come to me!", "You cannot!", "Near!", "Place!", "Sit!" etc.

The second section is special training. This section is much more varied. Here, training is mainly carried out on a professional basis. That is, service dogs are trained for various services, such as domestic protective guard service, guard service, search service, rescuer dog, etc., as well as various foreign types of training: Ipo, Schutzhund, Magyoring, etc. Hunting dogs are trained in their specialties: burrowing dogs, hounds, greyhounds, etc. Various types of sports training have become widespread, such as agility and the like.

What conclusion should be drawn? It is necessary to raise a dog from the first day it appears in your home. It is imperative to train a dog in obedience, to what extent and in what way it is up to you to decide. As for special types of training, whether to engage in them or not depends only on your desire and capabilities.

Has a small "bell" appeared in the house? He jumps funny, biting the surrounding objects, ruffles his slippers and tries to climb onto the sofa? It's time to start training so that the grown-up pet does not allow himself such liberties. Dog training is essential. Do not think that the puppy is still small and unintelligent. You need to start educating him as early as possible, and you can do it yourself at home.

Dog training at home has three important goals:

The pet must recognize the leader in the owner, which means that he will know his own status.
A person recognizes a pet well, and in the most critical situations knows what to expect from him and how to behave.
A trained dog is a socially adapted pet that can get along well not only with people, but also with other animals.

Before training, the owner must clearly formulate for himself what he wants to get as a result of the lesson. Deterrent means or reward can be used as a motivational subject. The maximum impact can be achieved if the dog gets what he wants immediately, in the first seconds, after the command is executed. There should be no hiccups, which means that everything should be prepared in advance.

Among the methods of containment are the following:

Using objects that can attract the dog's attention. In most cases, these are things that make harsh sounds - whistles, a bunch of keys, a rattle from a tin can with pebbles, etc.
In case of non-fulfillment of actions, the dog loses the attention of the owner. She is sent to the place without the usual stroking and praise, in a stern voice.

Pet containment methods can be used on older puppies over 4 months old. If the dog is unbalanced, then this method should not be used either.

It is noted that ignoring a pet is a more effective technique than physical impact - the dog often perceives spanking as playful elements.

Training is a rather laborious business, and tired of the process, you can motivate yourself by the fact that it is much easier to teach a dog to behave appropriately than to correct inappropriate behavior.

Preparation for training

If we talk about where to start, then the answer is obvious - from yourself. The pet owner must understand that training is not leisure time, caused by every minute desire, but painstaking, everyday work. Therefore, you need to clearly plan your schedule, setting aside time for classes. There should be no business assigned to this time, and nothing should distract from the process.

For the first lesson, you need to prepare a collar, leash and pet's favorite treat. As the latter, you should not choose products from your own table. Suitable for these purposes. For especially fastidious dogs in food, you can purchase special snacks for training at the pet store.

It is better to start training in a place familiar to the pet, so that it is not distracted by foreign objects. If the terrain is unknown for a puppy, then you need to give some time to develop the territory.

One more condition must be met - during classes there should be no strangers nearby, this will greatly complicate the task and constantly distract the puppy.

Required commands

Among the main commands, which are the basis of all further skills, the following can be distinguished:

Nickname training. A pet should not only know its own name, but also be able to instantly respond to it. This is the key to excellent obedience, both at home and on the move. To achieve success, you need to pronounce the nickname more often, putting as many positive emotions as possible into your voice. As soon as the dog reacted to its own name, it automatically earned the reward.
Command " !". At the initial stage, you can use this command exclusively for positive moments - when inviting your pet to eat, take a walk or play. This will allow the dog to perceive it as good and reinforce the command in mind. Later, during training, the reaction to the command needs to be corrected. The pet will have to not only go up to the owner, but sit at the feet. During normal walks, you can simply call the puppy, for no reason, and treat him with a treat. This will not only speed up learning, but will also help distract your dog from eating street waste, because it will be easier for him to abandon questionable food in favor of a tasty treat.
Concentration of attention. Any dog must be dependent on the owner. If the owner is gone, the pet must follow. This skill must be instilled in a puppy from the first days. To do this, you need to use a useful exercise:

The puppy should be let off the leash and given some time to play. The owner must retire, at least 10 meters, and stand in a half turn. The dog will definitely notice the absence of the owner and will run to search. Once found, the pet will show emotions of joy and will look into the eyes, seeking approval. Two or three seconds after that, you need to praise the puppy and treat him with a treat. After some time, the exercise is repeated, only in this case a little more time should elapse between the moment when the dog approached and received the praise.
Later, you can complicate the task - the owner must turn away from the pet when the dog runs up. In this case, the puppy will be patient and will sit faithfully, waiting for eye contact to be established, and he will receive the expected approval. After that, the dog must be praised. These exercises will allow the puppy to learn to follow the command "come to me!" and at the same time focus on the owner. At this moment, the pet does not pay attention to strangers, but expects a reaction from the owner.

Accustoming the pet to the place. If we are talking about an adult dog, then there is practically no chance of being accustomed to the place. As for the puppies, they are quite trainable. There is no need to encourage the free movement of the pet around the apartment. It is necessary to prepare a special place (sunbed, house, pillow, etc.) and introduce a new family member to him. Small puppies, like any children, tend to fall asleep where they played. Therefore, it is worth taking the sleeping baby to the place every time. You should not instill in your pet negative memories of the place, so all unpleasant procedures (scratching, clipping, etc.) must be carried out outside the given place. You can provide comfort for a four-legged friend - spread something soft and pleasant, put your favorite toys next to it. The dog must learn that this is the safest and most comfortable place in the whole house.

All this is the basis of a trusting relationship between a man and a dog. But there are many more useful commands that the pet will need to learn:

« !» - will allow you to pick up from the pet any item picked up on the street or dropped in the house. The trained dog will have to obey despite the increased interest in the subject.
« !» - a useful command when walking, whether with or without a leash.
« !» - an excellent remedy when a rather large pet shows excessive joy.
Learn to ;
and much more.

An expert's opinion on puppy training:

Basic rules of training

There are a number of immutable truths that need to be taken for granted:

Primary lessons should be short - 10-12 minutes, at least twice a day.
Any lesson should begin with consolidating the previously acquired knowledge.
The dog assimilates the material worse immediately after eating, after sleeping and at the late hours of the day.
Physical violence cannot be used as punishment, only voice. The reproachful "Bad", "Ay-ay" will be enough.
The command must be pronounced one, maximum two times, clearly, in a loud voice.
It is imperative to praise the pet, even if he did something, in the opinion of the owner, insignificant.

And most importantly, you need to do it every day so that the pet remembers the passed things better and assimilates more knowledge and skills. Adhering to certain rules and recommendations of qualified dog handlers, the dog will grow up well-mannered and trained.

A long-awaited dog appears in the apartment, which jumps, funnily begs for food, actively plays, flutters soft toys, uncleaned slippers, jumps onto a chair or bed. Remember, the puppy must become a well-mannered dog that will not allow himself such liberties. This requires dog training at home.

Precursor to training: parenting

Parenting a dog is teaching an animal simple behavioral skills, a hierarchy between a pet and an owner. If you do not educate her, then sooner or later the dog becomes uncontrollable. Therefore, you should monitor and also educate the animal so that it does not gnaw things, climb on tables, and steal food from plates.

Simultaneously with the upbringing process, you can gradually move on to training. At this point, the dog should already understand its nickname. Many breeders advise to keep it short, sonorous, so that there is a "r" sound in it. At the time of the beginning of training, it is recommended to teach the dog to a leash, a collar. The animal should not pick up food on the street or take it from garbage cans.

How does dog training at home begin?

First, the owner must understand that the upbringing of the animal and also training are regular processes, and not a temporary pastime at will. Therefore, you should clearly plan your affairs, allocate time that he is ready to spend on a pet.

For the first training of the owner of the dog, you should prepare. Get a collar, pick up a leash, food for the puppy. This is usually dry food. You shouldn't feed your dog food from the table. There are a wide variety of items in pet stores that are suitable for training a furry friend.

Suitable age

You can start the educational process as early as 1, 5 months. Training is done in a playful way. It is important at this stage that the puppy trusts you. So, the owner will quickly make progress, especially if he treats the animal with affection, takes care of the pet.

At an early age, the animal is best taught simple commands, and as it grows up, you should move on to more complex exercises. At this age, the puppy will perceive training not as an obligation, but as a game.

Rules for improving the efficiency of the process

What can be done to make self-training of dogs effective?

The owner of the animal must fulfill several conditions. You cannot repeat the same thing over and over again. The order is given only 2 times. With repeated repetition, in the future, the dog will not obey the first time.

For the effectiveness of training, it is not necessary to develop a specific algorithm for the animal. For example, if the dog repeats "Voice" over and over again, then "Sit", "Give a paw", "Lie down", etc. in the same order. The commands for the puppy must be reversed so that the dog can perceive any command separately and also quickly execute it regardless of the circumstances.

At first, do not tire the dog too much, because it gets tired, and attention (especially for a puppy) quickly dissipates. With long training, the animal will begin to execute commands slowly and sluggishly. In the future, a long process in such a rhythm begins to irritate and reject the animal.

Commands are given at intervals of a few seconds. The dog should have time to understand this command, to execute it. So, the dog will understand what the owner wants, will not get confused.

Before you start training a puppy, they take him for a walk, play with him. After a walk, the dog has less energy, is no longer too playful, and it behaves more attentively in the classroom, is not distracted. When a puppy is afraid to make a mistake and behaves insecure, it means that the owner is too strict with him. The more affectionate to treat and talk to the puppy during training, the more he will try. The animal should not be overfed before training, because a well-fed dog will worse follow commands in order to get goodies.

Place for training

The place to study is an important factor. If you do the training only at home, then often the puppy can listen and execute commands at home, and completely ignore them on the street. Therefore, it is recommended to alternate the house and the street.

For the first lessons, the owner should choose a quiet place with a minimum number of annoying factors (passers-by, other pets, playing children, birds). If the training is done correctly, then after a few sessions the dog will become more disciplined and will no longer be greatly distracted. Then it's time to transfer training to more crowded places. If you had to train a puppy in an unfamiliar place, then you should give him 20-30 minutes to explore the area and look around.

Lesson time

The duration of the classes is also important. In the early days, they are made no longer than 40 minutes so that the dog does not overwork. As the pet gets used to it, the class time is extended to 90 minutes. It is better to train your pet on the street every 2-3 days, and at home it is done regularly for 10 minutes.

How to train a dog yourself without the participation of a dog handler?

Each lesson begins with the assimilation of the material already studied. So, the dog will quickly remember the passed. You should not train it right in the morning or before bedtime, after eating.

The dog should not be beaten for prank during classes, disobedience, wrong actions. The only thing it can be scolded is reproachful tone, saying: "Bad", "Wrong", etc. An animal at the moment of a wrong action or refusal to perform it can not be hit, shout at the dog, pat the scruff of the neck.

Classes are always carried out only in a positive mood and a playful way. So, the animal is more likely to be interested, it is not necessary that it considers the execution of commands as coercion. The owner should rejoice at each command that is completed to motivate the puppy to do more and better. Classes are held regularly, it is necessary to repeat the learned commands for at least 10 minutes a day.

Training process

A favorable period for training a pet is the period of socialization. This is the age of the animal from 2 to 3 months. At this time, you can start classes, but they should not take more than 10 minutes. Short workouts can be done 2 times a day. It is best to start learning with simple commands, for example "Place!", "To the leg", "To me".

After the dog fulfills the command, it is sure to be encouraged with goodies, patted on the head or tenderly patted on the ears, pronouncing tender words. If the dog has mastered the material well, then the goodies begin to be given not after each correct execution, but after several repetitions.

Place command

Accustoming to the place is necessarily accompanied by the nickname of the animal, for example, "Alan, place!". The command is pronounced clearly, and the animal is laid on a bedding, a couch or its rug. It's good if we have a soft rag on it so that the pet is comfortable lying on it. This piece of material can then be used to train the command "Protect!"

Team "To me"

Again, the command is repeated by the owner loudly, distinctly and accompanied by the puppy's nickname. If the dog makes the command reluctantly, slowly, then you can run back a few steps. This will draw her attention and speed up the movement towards you. This action is performed every day, so memorizing this command is important, especially for walks, as well as public places.

Sit command

It can be taught to dogs from the age of 60 days. Lure the puppy and let it see (smell the goodies in the palm of your hand), slowly raise your hand up so that the pet can see the goodies just sitting down.

As soon as the dog sits down, it is clearly commanded "Sit!", Stroking and treating it. If the dog does not want to sit down by himself, you can slightly help him to sit down with your hand, lightly pressing your palm on his back.

Lie command

The dog is forced to sit down, after that it is held by the withers, and the animal is helped to bring its paws forward. At the same time, the owner pronounces the command "Lie down!" After the dog has gone to bed, he is given goodies.

The command "Stop!"

To teach the animal to do this command, it is transferred to a lying position, and then slowly raised, supporting it under the belly so that the dog does not lie down again. Simultaneously with this action, the command is spoken.

The command "Near!"

When the puppy turns 3 months old, it's time to start the command "Near!" For this, a collar with a leash is put on the animal. The leash should be short so that the dog is at the owner's left leg. The owner of the puppy holds the leash at a distance of 20 cm from the collar, commands, pulling the leash towards him. Then we loosen the leash, let the pet move freely.

What if you don't train ...

If the animal does not begin to train up to a year, then in the future it will become uncontrollable. This will make it difficult to walk and appear with him in public places. In principle, you can start practicing with an animal at any age, but after a year it obeys worse, training will be longer, less effective.

Training errors

The pet understands and notices the slightest changes in the owner's behavior, rude intonations, and incorrect gestures. To make it easier for the dog to understand what is wanted from it, you cannot knock it down by actively gesturing, or vary the commands, for example, instead of "Come to me!" use "Come." Roughness during training is unacceptable, it is impossible to injure the psyche of the animal. You should not feed her to her fill before class, it is better to let the dog be slightly hungry.

What depends on the breed?

The opinions of dog handlers in this matter boil down to one thing, it all depends on the owner himself and his wishes. If education and training are regular, repeated many times and done correctly, then a dog, even with a complex character, easily makes contact and obeys. But, nevertheless, dog handlers have compiled a rating of breeds that are well and poorly trained. Chow-chow owners, Afghan hounds and bulldogs do not obey well.

The easiest way to train Shelties (a variety of collies), service and guard breeds, for example, Shepherd Dogs, Dobermans, Rottweilers. Easy to obey people and have high intelligence, companion dogs, for example, border collie, retriever. In addition, they are recognized as the most efficient and do not get tired for a long time in training.

Also important are the personal qualities of the dog itself, genetic predisposition, especially if for dogs with a pedigree. Much depends on the learning ability of the puppy's parents. This is noted by the breeders themselves.