What is Oge's Revenge 15.3. What is revenge essay. How to find arguments in text

05.04.2021

Concise vocabulary concepts and terms on moral and ethical topics

with examples from essays

Altruism -a moral principle that prescribes a person to suppress his own egoism, selfless service to his “neighbor,” a willingness to sacrifice his own interest in favor of the interests of others.

Asceticism -a moral principle that prescribes self-denial for people, rejection of worldly goods and pleasures, suppression of sensual aspirations for the sake of achieving any social goals or moral self-preservation.

Unselfishness- lack of self-interest, greed for property, desire to accumulate wealth, to acquire wrong; unwillingness to use something to the detriment, insult or loss of others.

Gratitude - the attitude of a person to a person who has rendered him a benefit in the past, a service to a person (a group of persons, an organization), expressed in a special feeling of readiness to respond with mutual benefit and in appropriate practical actions.

Nobility -a moral quality that characterizes the action of people from the point of view of the lofty motives by which they are dictated. It includes a number of more private positive qualities: courage, dedication, loyalty to high ideals, generosity, etc.) This is high morality, dedication and honesty.

Politeness -a moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person for whom respect for people has become a daily norm of behavior and a habitual way of communicating with others. The opposite of politeness is rudeness, rudeness, arrogance and disdain for people.

Generosity -character trait, expressed in disinterested compliance, condescension, lack of rancor, in the ability to sacrifice one's own interests, generosity of the soul, nobility.

Mutual assistance -it is helping each other, supporting each other in a difficult situation. Mutual assistance is based on the principle "you - me, I - you". This means that the person who helped you expects reciprocal actions from you, but not always these actions can be done for good.

1.What is mutual assistance? This question has a deep spiritual dimension. After all, without mutual assistance, I think, humanity itself would not exist. In mutual assistance, philanthropy is realized when strangers come to the rescue, helping you out of trouble.

2. Mutual assistance is, first of all, helping a person who needs it. It has a boomerang effect: your help to another person will return to you.

Mutual assistance -relations between people in a team arising in conditions of common interests and goals, when the pooling of efforts and the separation of functions presupposes mutual support of the individual efforts of each.

Power- this is the ability and ability to have a decisive impact on the activities, behavior of people with the help of any means: will, authority, law, violence (parental power, state, economic, etc.).

The first associations with the word "power" that arise in me are politics, government, tsar, state and similar concepts, that is, power for me is, first of all, power in society .

Human inner world

This is his spiritual world, consisting of feelings, emotions, thoughts, ideas about the surrounding reality. There are people with a rich inner world, and there are people with a poor one. The inner world of a person can be judged by his actions. A set of qualities, a kind of a person's own reality, which not only distinguishes him from others, but also greatly influences his own life.

– it is a kind of psychic space in which the entire spiritual life of a person is located, all her energy is concentrated in it. In the inner world, the formation and preservation of human cultural values takes place, and then their transformation. This is a kind of virtual reality that serves as an intermediary between the neural networks of the brain and the immediate surrounding human reality.

1. Psychologists and philosophers believe that the inner world has the following components: emotions, feelings, worldview and intellect .

2. The inner world of a person, or, in other words, the spiritual or mental world of a person has a complex structure, consisting of such basic elements as intellect, emotions, feelings, worldview.

3. The inner world of a person is the world that a person creates exclusively for himself. This is a world that is somewhere in the thoughts, in the information field of a person, but it can be no less real for him than the world around him. First of all, the inner world is the mind, which, depending on its development, experience, flexibility, forms a person's attitude to others and the environment, makes him either hide from the real world in the inner world, or open up and transform the outer world according to the laws of the inner world.

War -a conflict between political formations - states, tribes, political groupings and so on - taking place in the form of armed confrontation, military (combat) actions between their armed forces. One of the goals of war is your own survival or the destruction of the enemy. As a rule, war has a means of imposing one's will on the opponent.

Leo Tolstoy, the great humanist of the 19th century, said: “War is madness that makes people doubt the minds. This is the most disgusting thing in life ... an event contrary to human reason and all human nature. "

Upbringing

Is a purposeful and organized process of personality formation.

- the impact of society on a developing person. In the narrow sense of the word, upbringing is the planned influence of parents and school on a child, i.e. on an immature person ...

Choice

- it is a conscious decision-making from the proposed set of options, it is a preference for one option over another. A person is constantly faced with a situation of choice, it is a vital necessity. It is especially important to make the right decision when choosing a future profession, because the future life of a person depends on it. Sometimes it is very difficult to make such a choice.

– it is the adoption by a person of one decision from the proposed set of options, self-determination of the individual in relation to principles, decisions and actions. The preference for one over the other is a vital necessity for a person who, while living his life, is forced to constantly choose for himself "in his property", in one way or another, good or evil.

1.What is choice? This question was answered very accurately by Abraham Maslow, a famous American psychologist, who said: "Life is a process of constant choice." Indeed, every day we faced a choice, and it depends only on ourselves whether we will follow the path of good or evil.

2.What is choice? Choice, as defined by Wikipedia, is the presence of various options for exercising will; the presence of a choice is associated with the justification of a person's free will. And in V. Zorin's explanatory dictionary "Eurasian wisdom" the word "choice" is given the following definition: "choice is a spiritual and practical procedure, during which the consciousness of the individual carries out a selective preference for some values and norms, rejecting others." As you can see from the above definitions, the choice requires several different options.

Moral choice

– this is a consciously made human decision, this is the answer to the question "What to do?": pass by or help, deceive or tell the truth, succumb to temptation or resist. Making a moral choice, a person is guided by conscience, morality, their own ideas about life. This is a person's making one decision in a situation when he has to act for the benefit of another person or in accordance with his views and beliefs.

1. Sooner or later, every person is faced with the question of moral choice, whether it be a man or a woman, it does not matter. What is a person's moral choice? It is a choice between "good" and "evil", between what is "good" and what is "bad".

2. A moral choice is a choice between good and evil that a person makes in any variable situation.

Exposure -the moral quality in which certain aspects of self-control are manifested; includes:

* the ability of a person to exercise control over his feelings, to subordinate his actions to the achievement of the goal, despite the obstacles and unforeseen circumstances (persistence);

* the ability to overcome difficulties, suppress a faint-hearted desire in oneself to abandon the intended tasks (perseverance);

* loyalty to the chosen ideals and principles in spite of hardships and hardships, passive or active opposition and coercion from open enemies (resilience).

Heroism -a special form of human behavior, which is morally a feat. The hero takes upon himself the solution of a task that is exceptional in its scale and difficulties, assumes a greater measure of responsibility and duties than is presented to people in normal conditions by generally accepted norms of behavior, overcomes special obstacles in this regard.

Rudeness -the negative moral quality that characterizes the disregard for the culture of behavior is the opposite of politeness.

Humanism -the principle of worldview, which is based on the belief in the infinity of a person's capabilities and his ability to improve, the requirement of freedom and protection of the dignity of the individual, the idea of a person's right to happiness and that the satisfaction of his needs and interests should be the ultimate goal of society.

Good -one of the most general concepts of moral consciousness and one of the most important categories of ethics. Good is the most generalized form of differentiation between moral and immoral, which has a positive and negative moral meaning, what meets the requirements of morality, and what contradicts them: good deeds, virtue, justice, etc.

Kindness -this is a person's spiritual quality, which is expressed in a gentle, caring attitude towards other people, in the desire to do something good, to help them. Kindness makes our life brighter and more joyful. She is able to change a person, his attitude to the world around him.

What is kindness? Kindness is responsiveness, warm-heartedness to people, the desire to do good to others.

Confidence- attitude to the actions of another person and to himself, which is based on the conviction of his rightness, loyalty, conscientiousness, honesty.

Duty -necessity, expressed in moral requirements in the form in which they appear before a certain person. This is the transformation of the requirement of morality into a personal task of this particular person, formulated in relation to his position and the situation in which he is at the moment. The person acts as a bearer of certain moral obligations to society, which is aware of them and implements them in their activities.

Dignity -the concept of moral consciousness, expressing the idea of the value of every person as a moral person, as well as the category of ethics, which means a special moral attitude of a person towards himself and the attitude towards him on the part of society, in which the value of a person is recognized: self-consciousness and self-control of a person, it is based on man's exactingness to himself.

friendship

– it is not just an emotional attachment, it is a close relationship based on trust and sincerity. A true friend will not deceive you under any circumstances. He will find the strength to tell the truth, even if it is not easy for him to do it.

1. Since the time of Socrates, it has been considered one of the basic virtues, expressed in the mutual affection and spiritual community of two people. At the same time, the highest moral assessment was awarded to friendship based on mutual love, respect, openness and absolute trust to each other.

2. What is friendship? Friendship is a form of communication between people based on common interests, mutual respect, mutual understanding and mutual assistance; suggests personal sympathy, affection and affects the most intimate, sincere sides of human life; one of the best moral feelings of a person .

Life values - this is what people consider important in their lives. These are their beliefs, principles, guidelines. This is a compass that determines not only the fate of a person, but also his relationship with others. Life values are formed in childhood, they lay the foundation for all future life.

1.What are Life Values? Life values are goals and priorities that, controlling a person's life, determine his essence. For some, material well-being is important in life, that is, money, or power, or a career. Family, Motherland are dear to others ... Everyone chooses his own priorities.

2.What are life values? I think these are the values that serve as guidelines in a person's life, a standard, criteria for the quality of life and the "correctness" of decisions and actions.

3. Each of us strives for something, wants to achieve something. In this we are helped by the life values that we adhere to. After all, what we do and who we become depends on our core values.

4. Life values are our inner compass, by which we must check every step of our life. I think that any of us will classify family, love, friendship as life values. It is they who serve as a support for a person.

Envy -hostile feeling in relation to the success, popularity, moral superiority or advantageous position of another person. Envy arises in a person on the basis of selfishness, ambition and vanity. The feeling of envy worsens the character of the personality and relationships of people.

Evil -the opposite of good, the concept of moral consciousness, which serves as the most generalized expression of ideas about immorality, contrary to the requirements of morality, deserving of condemnation. Negative actions of people are usually assessed as moral evil.

Treason -violation of fidelity to a common cause, bonds of solidarity, partnership, love.

Sincerity -moral quality that characterizes a person and her actions; expressed in the fact that a person does and says what he believes in the correctness, acts for the sake of those considerations that he is ready to admit to himself, etc. Sincerity is the opposite of hypocrisy and deceit.

Art. Real art

Is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. Real art is like a powerful force capable of awakening strong feelings in a person, evoking emotions, making you think about serious life issues. Works of real art are national treasures, the most important spiritual values that should be passed on to other generations.

1. Have you ever wondered what art is called real? In my opinion, this is an art that makes a person better, awakens his soul, makes him think about the meaning of life.

2. Real art is a form of knowledge of life, it is a figurative understanding of reality.

3. “Art is a great struggle against loneliness. And the eternal power of art lies precisely in the fact that it stretches out its hand to all the lonely, ”said the famous director Pavel Lungin. Interesting point of view, isn't it? I agree that this is precisely the meaning of real art.

4. Answer to the question "What is real art?" I find it in the words of Yuri Bondarev, who said: "Art is called upon to preserve the human in man." Only such art can be called real.

5. What is art? Art is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. A person's contact with works of art contributes to his spiritual enrichment. Real art is like a powerful force capable of awakening strong feelings in a person, evoking emotions, making you think about serious life issues.

6. Art is a creative display of reality in artistic images. Real art is not only capable of awakening strong feelings and emotions in a person, distracting for a while from the gray everyday life, giving pleasure, but also filling life with meaning, finding the key to oneself.

Books. Precious books - these are books that develop a person's imagination and fantasy, give him new impressions, transfer him to another world and lay the foundations of morality. Every child should have such books, because the acuity of perception in childhood is very great and early impressions can then influence the whole life.

What is the most precious book? I think only the one that awakens the best aspirations in a person, softens the heart, teaches to think, educates. A precious book is an engine of thoughts, feelings, a source of knowledge, a friend and advisor. A book that is dear to a person as a memory of someone, as a family heirloom can also be attributed to precious books.

the beauty- that which gives aesthetic and moral pleasure.

Moral conflict - a situation of moral choice. In a conflict situation, it is required to make a choice between colliding moral values in favor of one of them and, through the resolution of the contradiction, to realize the moral goal.

The culture

A set of traditions, customs, social norms, rules governing the behavior of those who live now, and transmitted to those who will live tomorrow.

- a system of values, ideas of life, patterns of behavior, norms, a set of methods and techniques of human activity, objectified in objective, material carriers and transmitted to subsequent generations.

Some complex whole, which includes spiritual and material products that are produced, socially assimilated and shared by members of society and can be passed on to other people or subsequent generations.

Cultured man

1. What kind of person can be called cultured? I think this is a civilized, intelligent person.

2. A cultured person is a person who observes the basic norms of behavior of a civilized society, but correlates himself and society only in the proportion that allows him to remain a person and individuality.

3. A cultured person can be called a person who knows and is always ready to comply with the basic norms of behavior, while he is internally convinced of their necessity. A truly well-mannered person behaves appropriately not only at official receptions, does not flaunt his exquisite manners, but shows his good manners in the most insignificant actions of everyday life.

Hypocrisy -negative moral quality, consisting in the fact that deliberately immoral acts are attributed to moral meaning, lofty motives and philanthropic goals. Hypocrisy is the opposite of honesty, directness, sincerity - qualities in which a conscious and open expression by a person of the true meaning of his actions is manifested.

Personality -the subject of moral activity. A person becomes a moral person when he voluntarily subordinates his actions to the moral requirements of society, realizes their content and meaning, is able to set moral goals and develop decisions in relation to specific circumstances, independently evaluate his actions and the actions of others, and educate himself.

Love -this is the most intimate feeling that one person can experience for another. This is a kind of attraction, desire, desire to be close to the object of your love. Love ennobles, makes you perceive the world around you in a different way, admire and admire those you love, and even perform feats. The opposite of love is hatred.

1. What is love? Love is a feeling inherent in a person, deep affection for another person or object, a feeling of deep sympathy.

2. An amazingly accurate definition of the word "love" was given by the writer Georges Sand, who said: "Love is the happiness that is given to each other." One cannot but agree with this statement. Love is a feeling that makes a person happy and makes him do crazy things for the sake of his beloved or beloved.

Maternal love - this is the most beautiful and strong feeling, it is a huge force capable of working miracles, reviving to life, saving from dangerous diseases. Mother's love is multifaceted, it manifests itself in selfless dedication, care, worries for their own child.

1.What is Mother Love? This is the most beautiful and strongest feeling in the world. Mother will never betray, always support, share with you your joy and sorrow.

2. Mother's love is a concept that is almost impossible to describe in words. Maternal love makes a woman rejoice, looking at her child, worry about all sorts of trifles as if something serious had happened, and a difficult moment the mother is ready for anything for the sake of her child.

3.Mother's love is the source of life on earth, radiating light, warmth, tenderness and affection. A mother is ready for a lot for the sake of her child, even for self-sacrifice.

Cowardice -negative moral quality characterizing the weakness of the will of the individual; is expressed in the inability to defend and put into practice the moral principles in which he believes, because of fear for personal interests, fear of incurring adverse consequences, out of fear of difficulties or lack of faith in his own strength.

Dream- a special kind of imagination, a cherished desire, the fulfillment of which often promises happiness.

1. In the dictionary of SI Ozhegov, the following definition is given: a dream is "an object of desires, aspirations, something created by the imagination, mentally imagined." I think a dream is the first step towards a goal! There will be no dreams, no goals, and no progress on the path to happiness. Only dreams can make a person do the impossible, they kindle the flame of hope and faith in ourselves in our souls.

2. A dream is a certain feeling of desire for something specific, for which a person is ready to start acting. A dream is our thoughts-desires, which seem inaccessible and impossible to us, this is strength, this is the meaning of life, this is an interest in life. A dream is the most valuable thing a person has: it fills his life with meaning.

Mercy- willingness, out of compassion, to provide help to those who need it.

Morality -a form of public consciousness, acting in the form of norms, rules and principles by which people are guided in their behavior. Morality regulates human behavior in all spheres of social life without exception.

Courage -moral quality that characterizes the behavior and moral character of a person. Courage is characterized by such qualities as courage, perseverance, endurance, self-control, dedication, self-esteem, calm courage, presence of mind in trouble, danger, courage, fearlessness.

Skills -actions that a person has learned so much in the course of a long exercise that he began to carry out them more or less automatically. In moral activity, through skill, the choice of the necessary methods, ways, means of action can be regulated.

Hatred -a moral feeling corresponding to the relationship of mutual enmity between people. It includes a number of interrelated moments, for example: disgust and desire for evil to another, refusal to help a hated person, opposition to all his aspirations.

Self-doubt - it is a lack of faith in oneself, one's strengths, capabilities and abilities. Insecure people have low self-esteem, they suffer from an inferiority complex. This trait is very disturbing in life. It is necessary to fight it, overcome it.

1.What is self-doubt? I think this is, first of all, a person's dependence on the opinions of others and doubt in their physical and mental powers. In addition, this inability to make independent decisions and low self-esteem, and, as a result, uncertainty is the cause of many troubles.

2. Uncertainty is the fear of making an independent decision because of doubts about one's strengths, capabilities, abilities, the fear of failure.

3. Uncertainty is a fear, internal fears associated with low self-esteem. Fears that fetter a person, prevent him from growing and developing further, forcing him to hesitate when solving any issues, performing actions - all this is the definition of what self-doubt is.

Moral- a set of norms that determine human behavior.

A responsibility - such a personality trait from the point of view of fulfilling the moral requirements imposed by society; expressing the degree of participation of the individual and social groups, both in their own moral improvement, and in the improvement of social relations. If a person's duty is to practically fulfill moral requirements, then the question of to what extent this task is being performed or to what extent a person is guilty of not fulfilling it is a matter of personal responsibility.

Deviant behavior - a special kind of moral evil, expressed in negative deviations from norms and patterns of behavior.

Behavior -the totality of a person's actions of moral significance, committed by him in a relatively long period in constant or changing conditions.

Utility- one of the forms of manifestation of the social significance of objects and phenomena, as well as human actions; the positive role they play in satisfying someone's interests or in achieving their goals.

Integrity - a positive moral quality that characterizes a person and her actions; means loyalty to a certain idea in beliefs and consistent implementation of this idea in behavior.

Nature -the material world of the Universe is, in essence, the main object of the study of natural sciences. In everyday life, the word "nature" is often used in the sense of a natural habitat (everything that is not created by man).

1.What is nature? We will find the answer to this question in the words of the Russian writer M.M. Prishvin. In his opinion, nature is "fire, water, wind, stones, plants, animals ...", that is, everything that surrounds a person, and the person himself, of course.

2. Have you ever wondered: what is nature? It seems to me that the answer is obvious: this is the world that surrounds us and of which we are a part. It is a "living being", as the American writer Fenimore Cooper said, "which must be understood."

3. Nature is everything that surrounds us: from the most distant star in space to the smallest grain of sand under our feet, Nature is endowed not only with an amazing instinct for self-preservation, but also with an inner intuition that allows us to understand where the enemy is and where the friend is. And if in front of her, living nature, is a friend, she is ready to share love, joy ...

4. Nature is the natural habitat of man, the world around him in all the variety of manifestations.

Professional honor - concern for the authority of their profession in society.

Repentance -admission of their own guilt and condemnation of their past actions; manifests itself either in a public admission to others of his guilt and readiness to be punished, or in a special feeling of regret for the acts and thoughts committed. Repentance can be a manifestation of conscience or a feeling of shame, but in both cases it plays the role of a person's self-esteem of his actions, which guides his further actions.

Independence

Generalized personality trait that appears in initiative, criticality, adequate self-esteem and a sense of personal responsibility for their activities and behavior

- this is the property of a person who knows how to set a goal and achieve it, to solve problems that arise on his life path. Independence is the freedom of choice and the ability to pay for this freedom oneself, to take responsibility for one's actions upon oneself, for one's own choice of solving a particular problem.

What is self-reliance? We find the answer to this question in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” by SI Ozhegov: “Independence is independence, freedom from external influences, coercion, from outside support, help. Independence - the ability to act independently, to judge, to have initiative, to be decisive. " One cannot but agree with this interpretation. Indeed, independence is a person's ability to make a decision and be responsible for it.

A family

1. If we turn to a social science textbook, we will read that a family is a group of people based on consanguinity or marriage. However, it seems to me that this definition does not fully answer the question: what is a family? In my opinion, the family is a special world that unites the closest people, in which everyone is comfortable, because it is saturated with love, tenderness and care. If this is not the case, then the family falls apart or becomes unhappy.

2. A family is a living organism: if one is bad, then everyone is bad, if one is happy, then with this happiness he "infects" all relatives. Family relationships imply a high degree of trust, and if trust is lost, then family ties are broken, only it, together with love, holds the family together, makes it strong and strong.

Strength of mind -one of the main qualities that make a person strong not physically, but morally. The strength of the spirit consists of self-confidence, dedication, perseverance, resilience, inflexibility, faith in the best. The strength of the spirit makes a person find a way out of a difficult situation, look into the future with optimism, and overcome life's adversities.

1.What is fortitude? Strength of mind is one of the qualities that make a person staunch and inflexible. This strength is made up of will and perseverance. Courageous people are said to be made of iron, do not bend or break.

2. Strength of the spirit (firmness of spirit) - high spiritual, mental firmness. Thanks to her, goals are achieved and peaks are conquered. This is all our internal energy, without which we cannot achieve anything in life.

3. Strength of the spirit is the core of a person. It is the spiritual strength that allows him to achieve life goals and overcome obstacles, makes us capable of a real deed.

Meaning of life -a concept that shows what the life and activity of a person is necessary for.

Conscience -the ability of a person to exercise self-control, formulate moral obligations for himself, demand from himself their fulfillment and make a self-assessment of the actions performed.

What is conscience? Conscience is an internal assessment, an internal awareness of the morality of one's actions, a sense of moral responsibility for one's behavior.

Shame -one of the manifestations of the moral self-awareness of the individual; a moral feeling in which a person expresses condemnation of his actions, motives and moral qualities.

Happiness -this is the state of the human soul, this is the highest satisfaction with life. Each person puts his understanding into this word. For a child, happiness is a peaceful sky overhead, entertainment, fun, games, loving parents. And it's scary when a child's happy world collapses.

1. What is happiness? "Happiness is a state of a person that corresponds to the greatest inner satisfaction with the conditions of his being, the fullness and meaningfulness of life, the fulfillment of his human purpose" - we read on Wikipedia. I would add that happiness is harmony in a person's soul.

2. Have you ever thought about the question of what happiness is? It seems to me that happiness is such a state of mind when everything is seen in pink, when every world of life brings joy. Happiness should be real ... Home - warm ... Love - mutual ... Friendship - reliable ...

3. Happiness ... How many ambiguous and magical lies in this word, how much incomprehensible lies in the sense of this feeling. I think a person becomes happy when he gives himself, his work, his love to another person ...

4. The word "happiness" includes several concepts: love, family hearth, the possibility of self-realization, financial success, career ... Everyone decides for himself what is happiness for him. For me, this is definitely a family. Only next to my family members I feel happy.

5. Happiness is love for the father's house, it is the ability to dream, make plans, make the most unrealizable dreams and live by faith that they come true. Happiness is a feeling of warmth of the spring sun, it is confidence in the future, it is the concern of loved ones, dear people ...

5. Happiness is a state that a person experiences here and now, a state of mind when a person is overwhelmed with joy, delight, and other positive feelings. In addition, the state of happiness implies that there are no negative feelings and emotions that give rise to suffering and pain.

6. The formula for happiness can be defined as follows: "Happiness is a multitude of powerful sources of joy in a person's life and the absence of sources of suffering", when the sources of joy are put in the numerator, and the more, the better, and the sources of suffering are the denominators.

7. Happiness is a joy that lives in the heart of a person, and the larger and more powerful it is, the stronger the state of happiness.

8. Happiness is the state that you experience when you realize that you are loved by those you love.

Family happiness

Family happiness ... This state can only be defined by words such as love, harmony, mutual respect and the desire to do something important and meaningful for each other.

Respect -one of the most important requirements of morality, which implies such an attitude towards people in which the dignity of the individual is practically recognized.

Formalism -purely external adherence to commandments and norms, formal fulfillment of duty, when a person does not think about the social meaning of his actions, does not realize the real meaning of his moral activity or is not able to motivate it from the point of view of the needs of society and man.

Values(see "Life values")

Cynicism -a moral quality that characterizes a contemptuous attitude towards the culture of society, towards its spiritual and moral values. Cynicism is the name for words and deeds in which an outrage is committed against what constitutes the historical achievements of human culture, mockery of moral principles, ridicule of ideals dear to people, trampling on human dignity.

Humanity -humanism, humanity, human attitude towards others. In a general sense, it is a system of moral and social attitudes that presuppose the need to show sympathy for people, to provide help, not to cause suffering. Since a person is a social being, humanity is a required behavior in society.

The hardness of the soul- heartlessness, heartlessness, dryness, coldness, insensitivity, unresponsiveness.

Honor -the concept of moral consciousness and the category of ethics, closely related and in many respects similar to the category of dignity. The concept of honor reveals the attitude of a person towards himself and the attitude towards him on the part of society.

Reading is a specific form of linguistic communication between people through printed or handwritten texts, one of the main forms of mediated communication.

1. Reading is the perfect combination of business and pleasure. On the one hand, this is a hobby, an undeniable pleasure from the process, on the other, knowledge in its purest form.

2. The reading process is an increase in vocabulary and literacy, too, but the most important thing is the development of a person's inner world.

3. Reading is a fun, rewarding and important activity: it is pleasant to immerse yourself in the world of imagination and fantasy after a long day; it is warm and comfortable to sit with a book in a large armchair, wrapped in a blanket, while it is raining and cold outside the window ... A lot of interesting and new things can be learned from huge Talmuds and large volumes; where knowledge hides between dusty pages ...

4. Reading is the art of managing oneself, one's thoughts, feelings, intellect, it is a creative process (dialogue with the author), it is one of the best pastime that allows you to get better.

Generosity- rendering selfless help to others, lack of stinginess.

Selfishness -a vital moral principle and moral quality that characterizes a person from the point of view of his relationship to society and other people; means giving preference in choosing a line of behavior to one's own interests over the interests of society and the people around it and is the most open manifestation of individualism.

Ethics- a philosophical science, the object of study of which is morality: origin, structure, functions, as well as problems of the development of morality: questions about how a person should act (normative ethics) and theoretical questions about the origin and essence of morality (theoretical ethics).

Etiquette -a set of rules of conduct related to the external manifestation of attitudes towards people.

In this article, we'll discuss with you what revenge is and why you shouldn't use it.

Revenge is not the best thing a person can do. However, people tend to use revenge services as a way to satisfy their needs.

If a person has been harmed by another person, then this person thinks that he has the right to take revenge.

And there is nothing positive about revenge. Revenge further multiplies in our world, grief, aggression and everything that makes us animals, not people.

Many believe that justice will prevail thanks to revenge, but justice is also a subtle concept, because what is fair for one is not for another. By responding with a bad deed to a bad one, we become the same people as those who have harmed us, we sink to their level, this is not the best idea.

Therefore, one should not respond to evil with evil. Be the person who either does not react at all to the bad deeds of people, or responds to evil with good.

Of course, I understand that there are moments in life of different degrees, but it is when it is most difficult for you to give up revenge and forgive a person, it is in these moments that you fully test yourself and your choice of Who You To Be, and you always choose to Be or Love, or Fear from which revenge is formed.

Anything negative comes from fear, including revenge.

In addition, revenge destroys your inner world, destroys your body at the cellular level, the body ages faster and you have more ailments.

It is a deep resentment that makes a person take revenge. You need to be able to forgive, because you need to remember that everything that happens in your life is created and attracted by you. If something has been done to you, it means that you have created it; it is another matter whether you consciously did it or not.

Realizing this, you will no longer blame anyone, but you will know that you are the cause of your life, and not someone else.

Therefore, the need for revenge disappears from the understanding that nothing is done to you, but everything is done by you literally.

Each of your words and deeds creates, it is another matter whether you consciously use the tools given to you by the Universe or not.

Therefore, learning to forgive others, you learn to forgive yourself first of all, since you are the cause of everything bad that happens to you.

Revenge is not a way out, using revenge, you cease to be a human being, you fall in consciousness, you turn into the same people who hurt you, whom you attracted into your life with your thoughts and words.

A person is not noticeably falling in consciousness, and may not even be aware of who he has become.

There is a very good parable that will be in the subject

Two neighbors lived opposite each other in the village. One had a luxurious house, the other was a wreck, one had a beautiful garden, and the other had nothing.

And somehow a neighbor who had nothing, could not bear it out of envy and decided to do nasty things to a prosperous neighbor.

Take a bucket of slop and poured it on the door and left this bucket near the door to make the smell even more disgusting. The neighbor, having come home and seeing this not very pleasant picture, took and washed the whole door, took the bucket, washed it until it shine and put in this bucket a bunch of ripe and juicy apples that grew in his garden and went to the offender's neighbor.

He knocked and waited for the neighbor to come out. The offender Neighbor left thinking that he would gloat right now, but his expectations were not met, as he was surprised to see the one whom he intended to offend with a smile full of his mouth and with a whole bucket of ripe apples, which were handed to him with the words: “Who, what at heart, he should share ”- and turned around and left, leaving his neighbor bewildered with a bucket of ripe apples.

Everyone can do the same, respond to evil with good. If we all did this, there would be so much more good than bad in the world.

Therefore, we can summarize the following on the topic "What is revenge":

Revenge destroys your inner world and your body.
Revenge turns you into an animal, and you become like those who have harmed you.
You yourself are the creator of your life, you attracted those who have wronged you into your life.
Learning to forgive others, you forgive yourself as the reason that created this or that life situation that is unpleasant to you.
Never blame anyone for anything, you are the creator of everything, and at the same time, don't blame yourself, just choose what you like. Choosing what you like means starting to think about what you like, and not dwelling on the negative. And then, good will come into your life.
Remember that you always choose to Be either Love or Fear at every given moment of your life, revenge is certainly not love, at least not self-love.

The choice is always yours. What will you choose?

That's all I wanted to say about this topic. Thank you for your attention !!!

Yes, you can also, and leave a positive comment under this article.

Always yours: Zaur Mamedov

friendship Is a disinterested relationship between people based on trust, sincerity, mutual sympathy, common interests and hobbies. People connected by friendship are called friends. Friendship is not afraid of distance, or the age difference, or the presence of different interests.

Justice- This is a quality of character that prompts to live in strict accordance with the law and the established order. Justice is truth. The main principle of a just person is to be impartial, leaving no room for envy and controversy.

Betrayal- violation of fidelity to someone or non-performance of duty to someone. This is apostasy, denunciation. Betrayal Is cheating in response to trust.

Soullessness- This is a lack of sympathy for people, lack of soul and humanity, indifference, heartlessness. A soulless person is capable of terrible deeds, he is indifferent to the feelings of other people, cares only about his own well-being and is absolutely indifferent to the needs and problems of others.

-Mercy- this is such a quality of a person when he is ready to help someone who is in a difficult situation, to pity him, to show compassion to him.

—Mercy - it is a sweet heart, that is, a kind, sensitive heart. This means that mercy is inherent in caring people who are able to empathize ...

Inhumanity- inability to sympathize, compassion; cruelty, indifference to those who need compassion.

A RESPONSIBILITY- it is a duty to be responsible for actions and their consequences. Nothing significant in life can be achieved if you are irresponsible about everything important: to business, by the way, to time. A responsible person keeps promises, is never late, makes decisions not only for himself, but also for others.

SECURITY- this is one of the dangerous forms of manifestation of human irresponsibility. Because of carelessness, people die, houses burn down. Carelessness affects irresponsible and inattentive people who are not trained to keep their attention on what they are doing and are not used to consciously controlling what is happening.

RESPONSIBILITY- the ability to understand and sympathize with the other. A responsive person wants to do good not only at someone's request, but even when no one is talking about it.

REVENGE- deliberate infliction of harm in order to repay the insult, offense. Revenge- this is an insult to a person provoked by anger and a desire to inflict as much suffering on him as possible. The only way out of anger is the forgiveness of a person; by this, a person frees his soul from anger. The sediment of hostility will still remain, but the soul will be open to love, kindness and compassion.

CONSCIENCE- it is a sense of moral responsibility for one's behavior in front of the people around. Conscience helps to realize your guilt, keeps you from doing a bad deed. Undoubtedly, every person should have a conscience.

HEROISM- the ability to act heroically.

PRIDE In my understanding, the word "pride" has several meanings. First, pride is a feeling that conveys a person's self-esteem. Secondly, it is the ability to feel joy in the fact that someone has achieved success. Thirdly, it is self-esteem. You can be proud not only of your own successes and work, but also of the great achievements of your homeland, of the entire Russian people.

GRATITUDE- a feeling of gratitude to someone for the help provided, attention, advice. It is the ability to appreciate the good that others do to us.

Fearlessness- the quality of a person that allows you to overcome difficulties and not be afraid of them. Being fearless means making decisions firmly when necessary, not backing down in the face of danger.

GOOD MAN- this is the one who does not envy someone, who does not condemn others, forgives offenses, does not remember evil, always being truthful with the rest. For a good person, the people around him are also good.

TEACHER- this is a profession, a specialty, but special, not comparable with any other business. The teacher influences the spiritual world of a person.

TALENT- this is what is inherent in a person by nature and comes from the soul, bringing joy to other people. Truly talented people must have a strong character and be able not to lose their gift.

-Human inner world- this is a spiritual life in which our ideas and images are formed. From the inner world of a person depends on his view of the real world. Our spiritual life is built on emotions, feelings and worldview.

- Inner world- this is our subconscious, what makes us special; these are our feelings and emotions, our vision of the world around us.

Life values- these are the values that each person defines for himself as the most important and significant. Each of us begins to choose values for ourselves as a child and continues to do so throughout our lives: priorities in choosing life values change over time.

Self-doubt- This is a doubt in their physical and spiritual strengths, lack of faith in themselves, as well as low self-esteem. It seems to me that self-doubt prevents a person from feeling his self-sufficiency and defending his opinion, so he has to make decisions relying on the advice of other people, not taking into account his own point of view.

Moral choice Is a choice between love and hatred, trust and distrust, conscience and dishonor, loyalty and betrayal, it is a choice between good and evil. It depends on the degree of human morality.

TRUE ART - 1. this is an image of reality in artistic images, a figurative understanding of reality, a part of spiritual culture, a source of knowledge of the world, the process of expressing a person's inner world in an image. It is a textbook of life, a person's striving for excellence.

2. This is an image of reality in works of painting, literature, cinema, architecture and music. This is both a reflection of the inner world of a person through artistic images, and beauty captured in works of art. 3. it is a reflection of reality in artistic images. Music, literature, cinema, theater, painting and architecture allow you to comprehend the world around you. 4. it is the process of expressing the inner world of a person, a means of conveying feelings and emotions that gripped his soul ... Only real art can calm a person or call to a fight in the name of the Motherland, please or make you cry from longing ... Its power of influence on a person is enormous.

Love - this is a feeling of mutual affection, the unconditional and unlimited trust of two to each other. A special form of love, light and tender, is youthful love, which is based on the dream of mutual understanding, faith in the depth and purity of the first feeling.

Kindness- this is one of the most important human qualities, the manifestation of which makes it possible to judge the true value of a person. If a person is capable of empathy, has a desire to come to the aid of another, is ready to selflessly serve people, we say about him that he is a kind person.

Good- these are actions that bring happiness and do not cause harm, harm, pain, suffering to anyone. A person who commits a merciful act has emotional sensitivity and warmth. A kind person is always ready to protect the weak, to help the offended.

Choice- this is one decision of a person from several options, thought out by himself or proposed by others: parents, friends, acquaintances. We make decisions every day, important and not so. Sometimes it is difficult for us to make a choice, sometimes it is easy. One of the most important life choices is the choice of a profession.

Precious books- these are books that we especially value, because they help us find answers to many questions, shape our character and outlook on life. They became the guiding star of the reader, determined his ideals, formed the worldview, laid the foundations of morality. Such books are a friend and advisor of a person, fascinate him, make him a participant in the events described on their pages. They combine past, present and future.

Mother's love- this is the boundless love of a mother for a child. The mother gives him her tenderness, kindness, affection, understands him, supports him in difficult times, is a support in life. I believe that mother's love is what the whole world rests on.

A man with a capital letter Is the person who inspires other people by sharing his love for life. Loving life, despite all its difficulties, is very difficult, but some people with deep souls do it.

Mutual assistance- this is mutual, mutual assistance, support, revenue in any business. For its manifestation, no orders or commands are needed. It is a person's inner need to help another.

A.S. Pushkin "Pushchina"

Friendship A.S. Pushkin and Ivan Pushchin.

When the poet was in exile in Mikhailovsky, his lyceum friend Pushchin, not fearing punishment for violating the ban, visits Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich was grateful to his friend for this last meeting, which was reflected in his poem "Pushchin"

My friends, our union is wonderful!

He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal ...

A striking example to follow is the attitude of Wilhelm Küchelbecker towards his lyceum friend A.S. Pushkin. Kyukhlya, as his comrades called him, as no one else realized the genius of the young poet and did not hide his sincere admiration for him. And A.S. Pushkin highly appreciated his comrade.
"The Snow Queen" by Andersen. Gerda overcame many obstacles to save Kai.

In the story of V. Zheleznikov"Scarecrow" Lenka turns out to be a devoted friend. And such cases in the life of people are not uncommon. But not all people are able to survive this, although those who still cope with the situation will forever remember the bitterness and resentment. The "wind of the past" "will whip" them in the face. Lenka turned out to be a strong person, able to rise after such insult and humiliation, able to remain a merciful and devoted friend.

Let's remember another literary hero - Pechorin, to find a true friend who was also prevented by selfishness and indifference. This man was carried away only by himself, by his own interests and experiments, so people for him were just means to achieve their goals.

The hero of the fairy tale, A. de Saint-Exupery, also needed a real friend. The little prince lived on his little planet and took care of the only close creature - the beautiful Rose. But Rosa was very capricious, her words often offended the baby, and this made him unhappy. But one day the Little Prince left his planet and went on a journey across the Universe in search of true friends.

Let us also recall one of A.S. Pushkin's friends - V.A. Zhukovsky, who always came to the aid of the poet, even in the most difficult moments. For example, during the Mikhailovsky exile, Vasily Andreevich fussed in front of the court for the release of A.S. Pushkin, and in the 30s he tried to achieve reconciliation between his friend and the tsar, believing that this would benefit the poet. A.S. Pushkin saw this, appreciated and loved his elder friend, recognized him as his only adviser.

And here is another sad story of a lost friendship. One of A. Aleksin's works tells about two friends - Lyusya and Olya, whose friendly relations were doomed, because one of them - Lyusya - always took care of her friend, and the other did not. Even when Olenka had the opportunity to do something pleasant for Lucy, she did not consider it necessary to use it, which greatly offended her friend. Olya acted selfishly, she did not think about the interests and desires of Lucy, so their friendship came to an end.

The relationship of the main characters of the novel"" Is a classic example of true friendship. D'Artanyan, Athos, Porthos and Aramis live under the motto: "One for all, all for one", the heroes of the novel overcome all difficulties thanks to true friendship.

Statement of the assignment:

How do you understand the meaning of the word HUMANITY? Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic: "What is humanity", taking your definition as a thesis. Arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) example-arguments that support your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

As you already understood, one argument should be from the read text (Read the entire text), and the second - from your life experience. And this greatly simplifies the task.

The structure of the essay-reasoning 15.3. OGE in Russian:

1. Thesis.
2. Argument 1 + example + comment.
3. Argument 2 + example + comment.
4. Conclusion (according to the thesis).

Cliché for composition 15.3. OGE in Russian

Part (paragraph)	Clichés (typical schemes of phrases and sentences)
*Thesis*	In my opinion, humanity is ... (or) In my opinion, humanity is ... (or) It seems to me that humanity is ... (or) I think humanity is ... (or) What is humanity? Few think about it. I think that...
*Argument 1*	Let's turn to the text of B. Vasiliev, which speaks about ...(or) In the text B. Vasiliev raises the problem ... In sentence No. ... the author says that ... (or)
Argument 2	I can confirm my opinion with examples from life experience ...(or) In life, we often see ...(or) Once I witnessed an event that ... Once ...
Conclusion	Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that ... (or) Thus, we can conclude that ... (or) In conclusion, I want to say that ...

These clichés are intended only to help you formulate thoughts; it is not at all necessary to use these particular phrases. Composition on assignment 15.3. may look more creative, a prerequisite is adherence to the structure of the essay.

Sample essay in the format of the task 15.3

Humanity is a moral quality that implies respect and compassion for people, benevolence and tolerance. In the modern world, and so enough evil, people need to be more attentive and kinder towards each other.

The behavior of the two girls and the boy from the text of B. Vasiliev cannot be called human. They committed theft by taking advantage of the old woman's blindness. The letters from the front were the most dear to Anna Fedotovna. The inhuman act of the children led to the fact that her soul "became blind and deaf."

Pupils of our school render all possible assistance to veterans of the Great Patriotic War and widows of veterans. I think it is necessary not only for them, but also for us. Helping others, a person shows his best qualities, humanity is one of them.

Good feelings should be formed from childhood, assimilated simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and important truths. Without humanity, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible. (125 words)

How do I find arguments in the text?

The hardest part is finding the arguments in the text. If you are not very well versed in the means of artistic expression, then, of course, it is better to repeat them before the exam. In task 15.3. it is not necessary to use them as an argument, but the skillful use of expressive means will certainly be appreciated by the examiner. On the exam itself, the examination work itself will be of great help, oddly enough. Argument number 1 you take from the text read. Think about the problem raised in the text, how the given problem is solved in the text. Argument number 2 will tell you your own life experience. Think about whether this problem is relevant at the present time? How does the problem manifest itself today? And write about it