How to give birth to a large fetus yourself. Large fetus: features of pregnancy. Why the fetus can grow faster
The doctor says: brace yourself, mother, you are carrying a hero! What does it mean? Which fruit reads large and why?
There are certain norms for the weight and height of a baby, the norm is a height of 48-54 cm with a weight of up to 4 kg. If the baby has already gained more than 4 kg by the time of birth, then it is considered that the fetus is large, and the growth at the same time reaches 58 cm.
According to the statistics of such children, about 7% of all pregnancies are not so many, and even more so, giant children, with a weight of 5 kg, there are only a few such cases. Is it possible to know in advance what the fetus will be in a pregnant woman, for how long?
How to identify a large fruit?
Already from the 12th week, you can clearly draw a picture of the course of pregnancy and identify signs of a large fetus. Diagnosis of such a factor is made not only on the basis of the examination of the woman, but also the birth predisposition, ultrasound examination data, and formulas for calculating the estimated weight of the baby are taken into account.
On an unscheduled examination, the doctor measures the proportions of the fetal head, the diameter and circumference of the abdomen, the length of the femur and humerus of the baby. Based on such data, there is a high probability of calculating the weight of the unborn child.
In fact, there can be a lot of reasons for this phenomenon, ranging from heredity to the mother's lifestyle while carrying a baby. Here are some of the factors behind the appearance of a large fruit:
- incorrect determination of the date of birth, downward;
- overweight baby;
- violation of metabolic processes;
- diabetes;
- Rh factor conflict;
- heredity;
- subsequent pregnancy and childbirth;
- especially food, especially overeating.
Most often, the cause of an enlarged fetus is considered to be an incorrect determination of the timing of delivery, a child is born with the following signs:
- wrinkled skin;
- green or gray amniotic fluid;
- without original lubrication.
One of the serious causes of a large fetus is considered to be hemolytic disease of the fetus, this disease is caused by the conflict between the mother and the baby. In the unborn child, the level of hemoglobin decreases, jaundice appears, and most importantly, overweight, the liver and spleen increase in size.
Attention! In the womb, the baby may become obese if the pregnant woman eats a lot of baked goods, her diet is not balanced and incorrect. These factors provoke an increase in the size of the child.
Childbirth is a crucial period for the birth of a baby, and here a large fetus can create certain difficulties when born. These difficulties can affect both the health of the mother and the child.
With a large fruit, there may be the following problems:
- large head and small pelvis of the mother, such a discrepancy can lead to huge ruptures or even oxygen difficulty;
- the threat of rupture of the uterus at the first attempts;
- disruption of the kidneys in the impossibility of a normal outflow of urine;
- complication of varicose veins in the postpartum period;
- profuse uterine bleeding;
- internal fetal hypoxia, brain damage;
- possible fractures of the baby's bones during labor.
With prolonged childbirth, pinching of the leg nerve may occur, the likelihood of damage to the joints of the pubic bones. If the degree of damage is high, then surgery will have to be performed to improve the patient's condition.
With a mild degree, prolonged bed rest and wearing a bandage, taking painkillers are required.
After the birth of a large baby, a woman may have insufficient contraction of the uterus, profuse bleeding, rupture of genital tissues.
First, you do not need to panic, but you need to undergo a more thorough examination and try to identify the cause of this phenomenon. If this is a sign of any pathology, then you will be prescribed hospital treatment.
When it's all about heredity or overeating, then you need to switch to a more balanced and proper diet, introduce more vegetables and fruits into the diet, remove empty carbohydrates and junk food, fiber and vegetable fats will be useful.
You should not be afraid of childbirth with large fetuses, it is important to discuss this point with your doctor, perhaps you will be prescribed a cesarean section, or they will take expectant tactics. If symptoms of uterine rupture appear, surgery will be immediate.
Prevention and lifestyle features of a pregnant woman
- Healthy food, you do not need to eat for two, much less eat heavy carbohydrates and fats.
- If you are overweight, even before childbirth, resolve this issue so that the child is not born with the problem of obesity.
- The amount of carbohydrates should be no more than 400 g per day.
- During pregnancy, you need to move moderately, do simple, regular exercises.
- Take care of the health of the unborn child, undergo all examinations in a timely manner and follow the recommendations of the leading gynecologist.
Be healthy and give birth to strong kids!
Who was born to you?
Boy, 3800.
It just so happened that the news of the birth of a baby is accompanied by information about his weight. Every pregnant woman wants to give birth to a healthy, strong baby. Very often you have to hear notes of pride in your voice: And our Vanka was born 4500! Bogatyr!
So a pregnant mommy thinks how she will give birth to the same! But is it worth it? - the opposite question arises.
There is no definite answer, just as try not to analyze and compare everything. After all, every woman is individual. If we write now that it is better to give birth to an "average" hero, there will be mothers who will say: and we gave birth to three of 4800 each - and nothing: they are alive, healthy and happy. Personally, I myself have such acquaintances. And they gave birth quite easily. At the same time, it is difficult to give birth to a kilogram toddler. Therefore, again, everything is individual.
Throughout pregnancy, the doctor calculates the estimated body weight of the unborn baby. Naturally, not for the sake of curiosity. These indicators indicate whether the baby is developing correctly, and can also suggest what the birth itself will be like. It is possible to calculate the child's body weight as accurately as possible using (the head sizes, diameter and length of the femur and humerus are compared). Based on external signs, it is impossible to reliably determine the weight of the unborn baby. A very large belly is not at all an indicator.
There is an opinion that if a large fetus is suspected, a pregnant woman is immediately prepared for a cesarean section. However, this is not always the case. For such an operation, this factor is not enough. There must be other indications for a caesarean section. For example, an anatomically narrow pelvis occurs in 5-7% of pregnant women. This diagnosis can be made by taking a series of measurements. If there is a discrepancy between the size of the fetal head and the pelvis of the expectant mother, it will be safer to perform a cesarean section. The indicator for the surgical resolution of labor is almost always the breech presentation of the baby and the narrow pelvis of the mother. In this case, even a fruit weighing 3.5 kg is large. But you should not worry, because even women give birth to heavy babies without complications. The main thing is to trust the doctor and believe in yourself.
So what exactly does the weight of the unborn child depend on?
One of the reasons for a large fetus is heredity. The same principle applies here by which twins and triplets are born. Therefore, if large children were born earlier in your family or the family of your husband, you will face the same fate. Dad's physique also matters. Naturally, the baby will have someone to go to if he is born with a body weight above 4 kg. Statistics also claim that with repeated births, the weight of the baby is always several grams more than the previous one.
Definitely, you will give birth to a difficult baby if there is a post-term pregnancy. It is considered as such if its duration is increased by 14 days. 42 weeks of pregnancy is already a pathology. In addition to the fact that the baby will be large, there are more dangerous complications during childbirth.
Diabetes mellitus in a mother also provokes a large weight of her unborn baby. Indeed, in a woman's body, the absorption of glucose is impaired, there is a malfunction in the metabolism, because of this, too much glucose gets into the baby's blood, which means its growth rate is much higher than normal. It is likely that in this situation, the baby himself will inherit a disturbed metabolism. If a woman who is carrying a large fetus has a late, lower level, the doctor can cause an artificial premature birth. Indeed, in such cases, there is a danger of fetal death in the womb.
And yet, most often, the cause of the birth of heroes is the unhealthy diet of a pregnant woman. There is no way to eat "for two". Also, give up extra buns and sweets in favor of vegetables and fruits. In the second half of pregnancy, consume no more than 400 grams per day of foods that contain a large amount of carbohydrates. Their excess leads to both you and the baby. Best of all, take care of enriching the body with useful substances and vitamins. Both you and your baby need calcium. Therefore, do not forget about fermented milk products. Eat little by little.
Remember, it doesn't matter at all with what weight your angel is born, the main thing is that both he and you are healthy!
Specially for- Tanya Kivezhdiy
- a child with an intrauterine weight of more than 4 kg. Children weighing more than 5 kg at birth are called gigantic. Pregnancy with a large fetus is manifested by a significant increase in the circumference of the abdomen and the weight of the pregnant woman, the high standing of the fundus of the uterus. For the delivery of the diagnosis, fetometry is used, which, according to indications, is supplemented with the determination of blood sugar levels, a glucose tolerance test, and invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis. In the course of pregnancy, monitoring of the condition of the woman and the fetus is provided. The natural or operative option of delivery is selected taking into account the data obtained during the examination.
General information
A large fetus (macrosomia of a child) is said to be when its weight is greater than the 90th percentile, which corresponds to gestational age. The growth of large and giant children is increased by more than 54 cm, the proportions of their bodies are normal, there are no signs of genetic abnormalities and intrauterine damage to organs and systems. To date, the frequency of bearing children with a large weight is 8.8-10.5%. Giant babies are born every 3000 births. Macrosomia of newborns is more often observed in women who have repeatedly given birth over the age of 30, patients with signs of obesity and diabetes mellitus. According to statistics, a large baby is born in 28.5% of pregnant women with grade 1 obesity. With the 2nd degree, this figure reaches 32.9%, and with the 3rd degree - 35.5%. Since the birth of a large fetus increases the likelihood of complications, such children require more careful medical supervision.
Causes of a large fruit
The growth and weight of an intrauterine child proportionally increase in the presence of one or a combination of several provoking factors related to the state of health, eating behavior of the expectant mother, and the characteristics of the course of present and past pregnancies. According to research in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, the most common reasons for the birth of large children are:
- Metabolic disorders in a pregnant woman... Fetal macrosomia is more often detected in women with insulin-independent, insulin-dependent, gestational diabetes, obesity. Violation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism contributes to the acceleration of plastic processes in the child's body due to the anabolic effect of insulin.
- Irrational diet... A rapid increase in fetal weight is noted with a high average daily calorie intake and a disturbed ratio between the main nutrient ingredients. The risk of macrosomia increases with excessive consumption of fats and carbohydrates, lack of calcium, phosphorus, copper, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP.
- Postponing pregnancy... The lengthening of the gestational period is accompanied by the continuation of the intrauterine development of the fetus, a further increase in its weight and height. This factor is of particular importance for women who have given birth many times, since each subsequent pregnancy is often longer than the previous one.
- Genetic predisposition... The role of hereditary mechanisms in the emergence of macrosomia is still being studied. The genetic theory is supported by the frequent birth of large children to well-built tall parents. Experts reasonably include women in the risk group with a height of 1.70 m and a body weight of 70 kg.
- Large newborn in a previous pregnancy... According to statistics, the weight of the second fruit is often 20-30% more than the first. Most likely, this is due to a higher readiness of the woman's body for gestation and better functioning of the placental system. In addition, endocrinopathies and somatic diseases are aggravated with age.
- The use of drugs with an anabolic effect... A more intensive growth of the child's tissues occurs when taking certain medications that increase anabolism. Hormonal drugs (glucocorticoids, gestagens), inosine, glucose, orotic acid and a number of other substances have a similar effect.
Pathogenesis
The main mechanism leading to the development of a large fetus is the acceleration of plastic processes. Typically, significant weight gain is associated with the passage of more nutrients through the placenta with a high-calorie diet and exposure to high concentrations of insulin produced in response to excess glucose in the blood of a pregnant woman. The intensification of anabolic processes is manifested by an increase in the formation of fetal tissues, an increase in its size. The ability to grow and develop rapidly through active assimilation of nutrients can also be constitutionally conditioned. Prolongation of gestation aggravates the situation, since the capabilities of the aging placenta cease to meet the needs of a large fetus in nutrition and oxygen.
Symptoms of a large fetus
Usually, the course of pregnancy when carrying a large child practically does not differ from the physiological one. Possible signs of a large fetus by the time of delivery are a woman's weight gain of more than 15 kg, an abdominal circumference of 100 cm or more, and the height of the uterine fundus over 42 cm. 7-10% of women present complaints characteristic of the compression of the inferior vena cava by the enlarged uterus. In the supine position, they notice a significant deterioration in well-being - dizziness, weakness, nausea, ringing in the ears, chest heaviness, darkening in the eyes. Closer to childbirth, the severity of such disorders can reach the depth of the fainting state. Disturbances from the digestive tract are characteristic - a feeling of heartburn after eating and constipation.
Complications
A large fetus, exerting increased pressure on the isthmic-cervical region, is one of the factors in the formation of a short cervix and a high risk of early termination of pregnancy. By the end of gestation, fetoplacental insufficiency and hypoxia may occur due to the inconsistency of the functional capabilities of the placenta with the needs of the child. Childbirth is complicated by premature rupture of amniotic fluid, protracted course, weakness of labor, fetal asphyxia. The risk of maternal injury is higher - tears of the perineum, vagina, cervix and body of the uterus, discrepancy of the pubic symphysis. Birth trauma of a newborn is possible - fractures of the bones of the handle, clavicle, formation of cephalohematoma, damage to the brachial plexus, hemorrhage in the brain. Hypotonic uterine bleeding is more common after childbirth.
In large children born by women with diabetes mellitus, immediately after childbirth, polycythemia, respiratory distress syndrome and metabolic disorders - hypoglycemia, neonatal hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperbilirubinemia are likely. The long-term consequences of complicated labor with a large fetus are the formation of rectovaginal and urogenital fistulas as a result of prolonged compression of the soft tissues of the birth canal with a clinically narrow pelvis, paresis of the leg muscles with lameness. Children who have suffered birth trauma may have neurological disorders and lag in psychomotor development. According to the results of observations, in women who have given birth to a child weighing 3740 g, the risk of breast cancer in the future increases by 2.5 times, which is associated with specific hormonal changes in the body - an increase in the concentration of estrogens, a decrease in the level of antiestrogens and the release of significant amounts of insulin-like growth factor.
Diagnostics
A significant increase in the weight and volume of the pregnant woman's abdomen is the basis for the appointment of examination methods that allow determining the large size of the fetus. The tasks of the diagnostic search are to assess the fetometric parameters and vital activity of the child, to exclude other disorders in which similar clinical manifestations are noted. If you suspect a large fetus, the following are recommended:
- Fetometry of the fetus... Based on the data on the biparietal size of the head, the circumference of the child's abdomen, the length of the femur and its relation to the circumference of the abdomen, it is possible to accurately calculate the estimated body weight. With the help of ultrasound, information is also obtained on the amount of amniotic fluid, multiple pregnancies and possible anatomical defects are detected.
- Determination of blood sugar... Because large babies are often born to pregnant women with hyperglycemia, glucose testing can help clarify the cause of fetal hypertrophy. The indicator is a marker for the correct management of pregnancy. To diagnose latent diabetes mellitus, the examination is supplemented with a glucose tolerance test.
- Invasive diagnostic methods... Indicated for suspected genetic defects and developmental anomalies, which are manifested by pathological fetal macrosomia. To confirm chromosomal pathology, taking into account the period, amniocentesis under the control of ultrasound, placentocentesis, cordocentesis are used. The latter method is also effective for detecting Rh conflict.
After the 30th week of pregnancy, cardiotocography or phonocardiography of the fetus, Doppler ultrasonography of the uterine-placental blood flow are performed to assess the child's condition and timely detect placental insufficiency according to indications. When signs of a threat of termination of pregnancy appear, cervicometry is performed to exclude isthmic-cervical insufficiency. The condition is differentiated with multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, hereditary macrosomias (Beckwith-Wiedemann, Marshall, Sotos, Weaver syndromes), edematous hemolytic disease, other fetal diseases (hydrocephalus, teratoma, erythroblastosis, etc.), submucosal and subserous uterine myomas. If necessary, the patient is consulted by an endocrinologist, geneticist, immunologist.
Management of pregnancy and childbirth with large fetuses
The tactics of managing pregnancy with a large mass of the child involves regular monitoring of the condition of the mother and fetus. Drug therapy with the appointment of antispasmodics and tocolytics is indicated only at the risk of premature birth. If the disorder is combined with a shortening of the cervix, an obstetric pessary may be inserted or sutures around the cervical canal are possible. The patient is recommended therapeutic exercises, diet correction with restriction of the amount of carbohydrates and fats. When treating concomitant diseases and complications of pregnancy, it is necessary to exclude drugs with anabolic effect.
Usually, a large fetus is able to give birth on its own, but in some cases, a cesarean section is preferable. The optimal method of delivery is chosen taking into account data on past pregnancies and childbirth, information about the clinical compliance of the size of the fetus and the woman's pelvis, the presence of extragenital and genital pathology, the timing and characteristics of the gestational period:
- Operative delivery... Caesarean section is indicated for post-term pregnancy, breech presentation, anatomical narrowing of the pelvis, the presence of myomatous nodes or abnormalities in the development of the uterus. Surgical intervention is also performed for women in labor under the age of 18 and over 30 years of age with diseases in which it is necessary to reduce or eliminate the period of pressure, stillbirth and recurrent miscarriage in the past, conception with the help of ART.
- Natural childbirth... Recommended for uncomplicated pregnancy, favorable obstetric history and sufficient size of the pelvis for the passage of the child through the birth canal. In childbirth, the contractile activity of the uterus and the condition of the fetus are necessarily monitored, the conformity of the head to the size of the pelvis is monitored. If necessary, analgesics, antispasmodics, uterotonics are administered. In the subsequent and early postpartum period, measures are taken to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
If in natural childbirth weakness and other abnormalities of labor are observed, signs of fetal hypoxia appear, diagnostic criteria for functional narrowing of the pelvis are determined, delivery is completed with an emergency cesarean section for health reasons. Intranatal fetal death in complicated labor is an indication for craniotomy.
Forecast and prevention
Timely diagnosis and the correct choice of method of delivery minimize possible complications and negative consequences of bearing a large fetus. For prophylactic purposes, women suffering from obesity, diabetes mellitus are advised to plan pregnancy with weight loss and treatment of the underlying disease. Pregnant patients from the risk group are shown early registration in a consultation, regular examinations of an obstetrician-gynecologist, scheduled ultrasound screening, sufficient physical activity, a rational diet with a high protein content, restriction of foods rich in carbohydrates and fats.
Children-heroes are the joy of grandmothers and a reason for the pride of their parents. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Why are big babies born, and what dangers can await them?
What does "large fruit" mean?
There are several situations in which doctors call babies large:
1. Large infants are considered to be born with a body weight of 4 kg or more. In this case, the baby can be 36 - 42 weeks old (full-term or post-term), that is, the gestational age is not decisive. Today, approximately every sixth newborn is born large, and rare (less than 1%) heroes are gigantic, that is, with a birth weight of 5 kg or more.
2. In the second half of pregnancy, during any planned measurement of the abdominal circumference and the height of the uterine fundus, the gynecologist in the expectant mother may suspect that the fetus is large. This happens if the numbers obtained on the centimeter tape are 3 or more cm higher than the approximate average value (obstetricians have special tables and calculation formulas for each week of pregnancy). This means that the young puzzler is ahead of his peers in physical development by 2 weeks or more. Since every day matters for the period of intrauterine life, this gap is considered quite noticeable. By the time of delivery, the woman's waist circumference at the navel level will be more than 100 cm (meter!), And the bottom of the uterus will be 42 cm or more higher than the pubic bone.
An additional argument in favor of a large fruit is more than 500 grams. in Week. But the doctor can only assume that the baby began to gain weight too actively, because the body weight and size of the pregnant tummy can only grow in a woman (for example, with edema or polyhydramnios). Ultrasound will confirm suspicions.
3. During ultrasound. The first trimester of pregnancy is the period when all organs are formed in the fetus, and in the literal sense of the word, he is not up to fat. He begins to accumulate muscle mass and adipose tissue from the second trimester, most actively in the third. Therefore, most mothers will hear for the first time that their baby is large (tendency to a large fetus), about p. Just at this time, a second planned ultrasound is performed, at which the doctor will necessarily calculate the baby's weight by measuring the length of the thigh bone, the circumference of the head and tummy (again according to special tables or using the program - in new ultrasound machines).
But there are some young accelerators who confuse doctors with their heroic dimensions already at the first, genetic ultrasound. Then the question usually arises about the correctness of the calculation of the gestational age by the mother herself, about the accuracy of her registration of the date of the beginning of the last menstruation or the day of conception. In such cases, the estimated date of birth is indicated by ultrasound (exactly in time), and then the second figure is written, calculated according to the menstrual cycle indicated by the woman. There are no particular reasons for excitement, since a gap of 2 weeks is considered acceptable, especially since the baby looks larger, and not smaller than it should be.
TOP reasons why babies are born large
1. Acceleration
Do you think only teenagers strive to overtake their parents in height? No: babies-puzzlers have been born bigger and bigger for many years. Therefore, a woman must be prepared that her full-term babies will be harder at birth than she and her husband on their birthday.
2. Heredity
It is noticed that a fragile mother, especially a young one (under 20 years old) or an age one (after 34 years old), will grow up in the tummy of a hero much more often if the spouse was born large at one time. And if the woman, too, in infancy was not small, then the baby will become just a giant.
Daddies who are prone to overweight, growing a tummy with a future mom, babies are also often born as heroes.
The point is not only in the genetically incorporated program of the physical development of the crumbs. Indeed, often babies, large at birth, are compared in weight and height with their peers in kindergarten, and even much earlier. The hereditary features of the metabolic activity in the body of the mother and baby, the structure of the placenta itself or its vascular network (it will be more abundantly supplied with blood or have larger dimensions) are important.
3. Overburdening
With a prolonged or post-term pregnancy, a small belly must use the opportunity to grow up while the mother's body prepares for childbirth. Before 14 days, you don't have to strain yourself to suck, breathe, scream and recover - you should know that you are fat!
4. Poor nutrition of a pregnant woman
Expectant mothers in the second half of pregnancy are forced to limit their physical activity. At the same time, few manage to slightly reduce their diet: here at least cope with increased appetite. So an excess of calories appears imperceptibly, adding extra pounds to mom and her belly.
A separate problem is refined sweets and buns made from premium flour. Not only does their relentless eating increase the risk of gestational diabetes, but sugar, even worse than salt, provokes the onset of edema. Hence the overweight and rather large dimensions of the pregnant woman and the heir.
It is noticed that with obesity of the 1st degree, about a quarter of women give birth to large, more often healthy, babies. But then - with each excess kilogram of the mother - the proportion of heroes increases slightly, but the risk of developing dangerous diseases in the fetus and injuries during childbirth for both increases many times.
5. Rebirth
With equally proceeding pregnancies, each next child will be born larger than the previous one. Everything is explained by the readiness of the mother's body for bearing and for the hormonal and physiological changes associated with it. But this will be so only in those cases when between childbirth a woman has the opportunity (time, quality nutrition) to fully recover. Otherwise, the mother runs the risk of giving birth to a small baby and suffering for a long time from polyhypovitaminosis, the symptoms of which will be thinning hair, lost fillings in the teeth, exfoliated nails, dry skin, dull eyes, endless fatigue and postpartum depression.
6. Diabetes mellitus, which my mother suffered from before pregnancy, and
There is a whole range of symptoms in babies called diabetic fetopathy. In fact, these are the consequences of hormonal shocks and surges in blood sugar levels in the mother. Among them, one of the earliest and most common is an excessive increase in fetal weight after 20 weeks of gestation in combination with polyhydramnios.
7. Swelling in a pregnant woman for various reasons
While the baby is in the mother's tummy, he is inextricably linked with her, part of her. Therefore, everything that happens to her necessarily affects the belly. And if a woman has, they will be in a crumbs. This means it will weigh more.
But there are important differences that must be remembered: when in a pregnant woman, edematous fluid accumulates only in the subcutaneous tissue of the legs, in the baby it is distributed throughout the body, including in the lungs, in the heart and in the brain, disrupting the work of all organs and making it difficult to start a fulfilling life after birth. The placenta also gets a lot: due to edema, it thickens, the blood supply in it is disrupted, and the fetus receives less oxygen. That is why a large increase in fetal mass with edema in his mother is a reason for excitement and active treatment.
8. Hemolytic disease intrauterine
The edematous form of incompatibility for the Rh factor of the mother and the fetus is the most severe and prognostically very dangerous form of hemolytic disease. Healing a newborn baby is a huge and often fruitless work. Therefore, doctors are trying with all their might to prevent its development, actively observing Rh-negative pregnant women and carrying out a set of protective measures for them.
9. Iatrogeny
This is the intake by the expectant mother of drugs that promote the rapid growth of the fetus or the accumulation of excess fluid. These are corticosteroid and female sex (gestagens) hormones, glucose, anabolic steroids, excessive drug addiction that increase blood circulation in the placenta.
How is pregnancy with a large fetus
The first half of pregnancy does not differ. Unless the tummy will become noticeable a little earlier, and even then in women with a narrow pelvis. Mom needs to be prepared for the fact that as soon as doctors see a tendency towards a large fetus, she will have to go to the ultrasound more often and do a few additional ones, first of all - blood for sugar and a glucose tolerance test. The main recommendation of a doctor who is observing a pregnant woman is to eat right, not to "lean" on sweet and fatty foods.
In the second half of pregnancy, when the reason for the development of a large fetus is clarified, some mothers will be offered inpatient or outpatient treatment. Most of the little heroes will simply have to more often listen to reminders with her about the need to observe moderation in food.
How will the expectant mother feel? She will feel her paunch earlier than others. The jerks will not be gentle and timid for long: very soon she will have to wait until her footballer plays enough and stops kicking her in the ribs perceptibly. And girls will frolic as well as boys. In heroic mothers, dyspnea begins more often and earlier due to pressure from the uterus of the stomach and diaphragm. Often they are worried about edema and varicose veins on the legs and hemorrhoids due to a slowdown in the outflow of blood from the lower body through the vessels pressed by the uterus. Possible pain in the sacrum area due to hyperextension of the lower back, pain and cramps in the feet and in the calf muscles with a large increase in weight and with a lack of nutrition for the pregnant woman. For many, it occurs due to which the pregnant woman will not be able to sleep on her back and will feel short of breath and dizziness during examinations in the supine position (ultrasound, examination in a gynecological chair).
There is one funny moment: until the last, you can keep intrigue and smile mysteriously instead of answering the question of the curious about whether twins are expected.
It just so happened in our country that the weight of the baby from the newly-made woman in labor will be asked before the name. But is the weight of the baby at birth so important and how does it affect the course of pregnancy? All your life you have dreamed of such a man as in Vasnetsov's painting "Heroes". Not three at once, of course, but one did appear in your life.
And now you are happy, not overjoyed. With him like a stone wall, and such a caring, in general, a truly brave Russian fellow. You have a happy family and expect a baby. Only before pregnancy it seemed to you that your future daughter would inherit your genetics, be small and diminutive, and more like a Frenchwoman than a Russian princess of an undefined weight category. But a boy is born, weighing 4500 and red cheeks. And the birth is going well.
These are all fairy tales, you think. How can this be? But a lot depends just not on the weight of the baby himself, but on the individual characteristics of the mother's body. You can suffer with a child weighing two and a half kilograms and safely give birth to four kilograms.
In general, during pregnancy, your doctor is simply obliged to monitor the possible weight of your unborn child. This is necessary in order to establish how the baby is developing, what the birth will be like. The exact weight of the child can be calculated using ultrasound diagnostics.
There is an opinion that if the child is too large, the mother is recommended to have a cesarean section. But it is not so. In order to prescribe a cesarean section, it is necessary to know exactly the individual physiological characteristics of the woman's body, in particular the width of the pelvis.
If the pelvis is too narrow, or the baby's head is not commensurate with the woman's pelvis, or the baby has a breech presentation, these are clearer indications for a cesarean section.
In other cases, the expectant mother will be able to give birth to a baby in a natural way, whatever its weight. The most important thing is to stay calm and find a good doctor who can determine the presence of abnormalities in time.
Reasons why a large fetus during pregnancy
A large fetus during pregnancy is most often the result of genetic inheritance. If you and your husband are 1.60 tall and with the appropriate weight, then the probability that you will have a two-meter hero is negligible. Look at the children of your relatives, with what weight they are born. The children of your husband's relatives. This will help you decide what size your baby will be. Another caveat: the second child is often larger than the first, so if this is not your first pregnancy, keep in mind.
If the expectant mother has diabetes mellitus, it is highly likely that the baby will have a large body weight. This is due to impaired metabolism and glucose in the body. Such babies develop faster than others, and sometimes it becomes necessary to induce childbirth by artificial means, especially if late gestosis has begun and the level of glucose in the blood is low.