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You can argue about the advantages of gas-operated or inertial weapon automation systems for a long time. Moreover, this dispute has no practical meaning, since with high-quality performance, both systems are good. The arguments given below are unlikely to help everyone decide on the choice of a model, but at least they will technically justify their intuitive decision ...

Gas venting mechanism

Operating principle

Part of the propellant gases is discharged through the hole in the barrel bore and enters the working chamber. The piston in the working chamber, under the influence of gas pressure, moves back and opens the shutter, simultaneously activating the mechanism for ejecting the sleeve and cocking the mainspring. In modern gas venting mechanisms, adjustable automation is installed, which allows, when using magnum cartridges, to relieve excess pressure in the system. In addition, many of the current models use a self-cleaning gas engine, which significantly increases the interval between automatic cleaning.

History

The prototype of modern gas-operated semiautomatic devices can be considered the breech-loading gun of G. Bessemer, patented in 1854, under the action of powder gases in it, the shutter was opened, a new cartridge was fed and the firing mechanism was cocked.

However, it had enough design flaws, and it never became a serial weapon. Therefore, John Moses Browning can be safely considered the "parent" of serial gas venting systems. His M 1895 machine gun was equipped with a gas outlet with a piston that activated the automation. Due to the use of black powder, which gives a lot of carbon, the design had to be easy to clean. This was done, however, to the detriment of the shooter's comfort - when mounted on a low tripod, the piston lever knocked out fountains of earth from under itself. So, after the shooting, dirty uniforms immediately betrayed a machine gunner as a soldier, which is why M 1895 was popularly nicknamed "potato diggers". The vent mechanism in a more portable weapon was implemented in the design of the Browning Automatic Rifle (B.A.R.), which became the prototype of the famous Browning BAR hunting rifle. With the advent of smokeless propellants in the second half of the twentieth century, this system became dominant in semi-automatic hunting weapons. Perhaps the most famous weapon with a gas system is the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

pros

  • Reliable work with ammunition of various sizes.
  • Possibility to equip the gun with additional equipment.
  • The ability to regulate automation for ammunition without replacing parts of the mechanism.

Minuses

  • Possibility of clogging of the gas outlet with foreign objects (parts of the container or wad, pellets).
  • In case of untimely cleaning - clogging of the gas outlet mechanism and its failure to work.
  • A larger forend (there is a store and a gas outlet).
  • The need for regular cleaning of the gas outlet mechanism.
  • More weight of the gun.

Myths

In the gas outlet, the energy of the shot is lost due to the removal of part of the powder gases. In fact (and this has been repeatedly proven empirically), the energy loss is on the order of 1-3%. And this, as mathematicians say, is within the statistical error and does not exceed the spread in the energy of cartridges of one factory batch.

The gas outlet has less recoil due to the fact that some of the gases are vented, like through a muzzle brake. Structurally, the gas-operated semiautomatic reloading rifles are heavier, so the shot is really more comfortable. It's just that the pressure relief of the powder gases has nothing to do with it - it's all about the mass of the weapon itself

Inertia

Operating principle

Recoil energy is used in automatic weapons in a variety of ways. In the fundamental literature, guns with a short or long barrel stroke are distinguished into separate types, and only weapons with a fixed barrel are considered to be actually inertial guns. The bolt of the latter consists of two main parts - a rotary combat larva and a massive base, which plays the role of an inert body. An inertial spring is placed between the larva and the skeleton. When the weapon moves back under the influence of recoil, the bolt skeleton, due to its inertia, tends to stay in place and compresses the spring. Then, under the action of a spring, it begins to move backward, turns the combat larva and unlocks the barrel bore. The force of the spring is selected in such a way that the unlocking begins after the projectile leaves the bore. When the entire bolt moves backwards, the spent cartridge case is ejected and the percussion mechanism is cocked. Then the bolt under the pressure of the return spring moves forward, captures the cartridge lifted by the feeder from the store, sends it to the chamber and locks the barrel bore.

History

The pioneer of this "branch of evolution" of self-loading rifles was the American R. Pilon, who in 1863 created a self-loading rifle that uses recoil to cocking the trigger.

The Browning design is rightly considered the first self-loading hunting rifle of serial production. Like the Maxim machine gun, Browning's design worked on the principle of barrel rollback, only not with a short stroke, as in a machine gun, but with a long one (a similar design is for the Soviet self-loading MC 21-12). Browning Auto-5 can be safely considered the most popular model of semi-automatic hunting weapon - the total number of rifles produced during almost 100 years was about 10 million copies.

And the first self-loading using the recoil energy of all weapons in combination with an inertial breech and a storage spring was created by the Swedish engineer A. Schjögren and was produced from 1904 to 1914. Gunsmiths returned to the principle of an inertial bolt after more than half a century in Benelli semiautomatic devices.

The most famous weapons that use recoil energy are the Maxim machine gun, PPSh, ultrasound.

pros

  • Fewer parts, correspondingly fewer breakdowns.
  • Fast, reliable reloading of the appropriate ammunition.
  • Compactness, light weight.
  • Easy to care for the weapon, in fact, only the barrel has to be cleaned regularly. This eliminates the loss of small parts when cleaning in the field.

Minuses

  • Limited range of weights.
  • Capriciousness when equipping a gun with attachments.
  • Probability of reloading mechanism failure due to contamination in the receiver.
  • Potential for failure at low temperatures when using inappropriate, thickening grease or freezing of a misted seal.
  • Adjustment for ammunition with a hitch outside the operating range is possible only by replacing the inertial spring.

Myths

The armed forces of many countries use not an inertial, but a gas exhaust system, since the latter is more reliable (less demanding on the quality of cartridges, less recoil, etc.). In fact, the key point is completely different - the inertial system cannot be equipped with additional devices such as an underbarrel flashlight or a night sight. Inertia systems are really very sensitive to changes in the mass of the weapon itself.

If you put your inertial rifle against a wall, it won't fire. Indeed, it will not fire, but if you lean not on the gun, but on the mechanism itself. In practice, the elasticity of the butt (especially if there is a rubber butt pad) is quite enough to create an impulse for the inertial body in the bolt. And "off the wall" is not the most common shooting position.

The choice between a gas outlet and an inertia system is reminiscent of the well-known anecdote about a millionaire who chooses a bride out of three women. The hero of the story gave each of them some significant sum of money to see how they would use it. One spent everything on herself in order to look bright next to such a man, the other on gifts to a likely spouse to show her care for him. The third was put into circulation and returned with interest to show that money is not a question for her. The millionaire thought, thought and married the one with the best figure. So here, you can re-read hundreds of pages of controversy, make your own informed opinion and ... in the gun shop, make a choice in the direction of the gun that lies better in the hands and is more pleasing to the eye.

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The Benelli M1 is a classic single-barreled self-loading shotgun. The basis for this gun was a very interesting automation system, which was developed in the mid-1980s at the company Benelli Army in Italy. The automatics of this shotgun use the recoil energy and inertia of massive moving elements.

The Turkish company Akdal Arms, known as the manufacturer of the Akdal ALP 1071 and Akdal FSM 1453 smoothbore guns, in the spring of 2009, finally completed the development and began mass production of a new 12-gauge smoothbore self-loading rifle - the Akdal MKA 1919.

The Stoeger 2000 shotgun was created by the engineers of the Turkish company StoegerSilah SanayiA.S., Owned by the world famous Italian arms company Beretta. The development of this shotgun was completed in 2001. Stoeger 2000, according to its accreditation by the manufacturer, is presented as a well-assembled and inexpensive self-loading rifle designed for any purpose

Fabarm SAT-8 is a smooth-bore semi-automatic machine developed and manufactured at the Fabbrica Bresciana Armi factory, Italy. The purpose of the gun is laid down by the manufacturer in the name: the abbreviation is revealed as Semi-Automatic Tactical - 8 (self-loading tactical for eight charges).

Since the mid-90s, the first smooth-bore modifications of the Saiga carbine have appeared. The very first of these modifications was the Saiga-410. This gun was created for a cartridge of caliber 410, which was little known in Russia at that time (according to the American inch caliber measurement system). Metric caliber of the new shotgun was 10.4 mm. There are many different types of ammunition for smoothbore hunting rifles, and the caliber. 410 is the smallest.

The MTs 21-12 self-loading smoothbore rifle became a pioneer among the hunting semi-automatic machines released on the territory of the Soviet Union. Work on its creation was started in Tula, at the Central Design and Research Bureau of Sporting and Hunting Weapons in the late 50s, but really mass production for various reasons began only in 1965.

In fact, the Saiga-20 is a smooth-bore, long-barreled, multiply-charged magazine shotgun with a detachable magazine in various modifications, differing in design, barrel length, stock type and sights.

The 12 gauge is the most versatile of the entire range of shotgun calibers, which is why the Saiga-12 has become very successful. The manufacturing quality of this weapon cannot be called high, but the price is also low, and given the wide range of models, this weapon has become the most popular civilian weapon of IZHMASH.

Smooth-bore semiautomatic machine MR-153 is manufactured in the Russian Federation at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. The MR index is translated from English as Mechanical Plant. The developer of this weapon, intended for commercial hunting, sport shooting, self-defense and law enforcement, is the designer of the Izhevsk plant Evseev K.E. For the creation of MP-153, the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant and its trade mark "Baikal" received a gold medal "National Security" and a diploma. Serial production of the gun was started in 2000.

The Browning Auto-5 smoothbore semi-automatic gun is familiar today to almost every person interested in weapons - from amateur to professional. And such popularity is well deserved, because the technical solutions laid down in this gun by the weapon genius John Moses Browning became the basis for many subsequent modifications and many modern versions of semi-automatic smoothbore guns. During the development of this truly iconic shotgun, Browning was born with many revolutionary design decisions, the best of which formed the basis of the Auto-5 model. We will consider the most significant of these decisions in detail. How well the great gunsmith succeeded in constructing this model can be judged by the fact that Browning Auto-5 was entered in the Guinness Book of Records as a weapon produced for more than a hundred years without any changes to the basic design. And throughout this time, the gun was in great demand. Currently, these shotguns, even those that have already changed several generations of owners, with proper handling, work flawlessly and have an excellent fight, delighting their current owners with consistently high shooting results. ...

Last 2014 the RossImportOruziye company expanded the range of hunting smooth-bore weapons with two models of 12 * 76 caliber:

Inertial semiautomatic device Teal-12

Chyrok-12G semiautomatic gas outlet

Both models are ordered by RossImportArms and are manufactured in Turkey.

Today, the attitude in Russia towards Turkish 12-gauge semiautomatic devices is somewhat skeptical. This is mainly due to the fact that our market is saturated with various models of gas and inertial semiautomatic devices produced in Turkey. At first (5-6 years ago) the cheapest weapons were imported to Russia from Turkey, so that only later on the shelves of stores in our country, they successfully compete in price with the products of domestic arms factories. The result of this approach is known: maximum savings in the production process, ranging from the quality of materials for the manufacture of the gun and ending with low qualifications of personnel.


As a result, the buyer began to treat cheap guns from Turkey as cheap Chinese clothing or equipment. However, if we draw an analogy with China - it is there that the world famous company Apple places orders for the production of its products. And today no one will dare to call, for example, the iPhone a cheap "shirporteb". The situation is approximately the same in the production of weapons. If you initially put forward the manufacturer's requirements for the quality of the final product, he will certainly fulfill them.

True, the price of a custom-made weapon will be higher, but as practice shows, today a potential buyer of a hunting rifle is ready to pay a little more, but in return get the reliability of the reloading system, the durability of the components and mechanisms of the gun, a high-quality chrome-plated barrel bore, a more durable plastic butt or more noble drawing of a wooden box.

It is for these requirements that the Teal series guns are manufactured. Note that this was preceded by a year and a half work with the manufacturer to adapt the rifles to hunting conditions in all climatic zones of Russia and to cartridges produced by Russian factories. As a result, we were able to get a completely finished product. Shotguns of the Teal series have high reliability, operational durability and excellent indicators of sharpness and accuracy of combat.

As you know, the barrel is responsible for the fight of the gun. Its inner diameter (caliber) is 18.3 mm, which is in the lower limits of tolerances and provides a very sharp fight. Each semiautomatic device is supplied with a set of 5 chokes with a key for their installation. This is a cylinder (0.0 mm) and a cylinder with a pressure (0.25 mm) for firing caliber bullets and steel shot. The remaining 3 chokes with a diameter of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm allow you to get a heap of lead shot at distances of up to 45 meters. The bore and chamber of the Teal series rifles are chrome-plated. The ventilated rib has an anti-reflective coating along almost the entire length of the barrel. The screw-in light-collecting front sight from the world famous manufacturer Truglo.

In terms of accuracy and sharpness of combat, hunting weapons of 12 caliber of the Teal series are approximately equal. However, further differences begin.


Teal-12 is a semi-automatic with an inertial reloading system. The design of the shotgun is based on the proven system embodied by Benelli in the Montefeltro model. The barrel bore is locked by two lugs by turning the bolt cylinder. The great advantage of this type of inertia shotgun is the near-perfect balance. The center of gravity of a shotgun loaded with 4 rounds is located directly under the bolt. This weight distribution became possible due to the absence of a heavy gas chamber and a return mechanism on the magazine tube. The recoil spring of the Teal-12 is located in the buttstock, which further relieves the fore-end, making it lighter and thinner without compromising the convenience of loading.

In the inertial gun Teal-12, the energy of the powder gases is used only for the shot. The gases do not get into the mechanisms of the gun, which allows you to devote less effort and time when servicing the gun. Moreover, structurally, an inertial gun is a little simpler than a gas-operated one.


It would seem that with such advantages of the inertial scheme, the gas outlet would have to surrender its positions. But it is not so. In Russia, as in the rest of the world, adherents of semiautomatic gas venting devices remain. Their peculiarity is that a very small part of the powder gases is discharged from the bore and initiates a recharge cycle. In an inertial rifle, this cycle begins right away, as soon as the pressure in the barrel begins to build up and the projectile leaves the sleeve. In a semiautomatic gas vent, the barrel bore remains locked and the moving parts remain at rest until the powder gases enter the gas chamber located about 30 centimeters from the chamber. During this time, the projectile will have time to receive a solid impulse with the barrel locked. That is why the fight of rifles with a gas-operated reloading system is slightly sharper than that of inertial semiautomatic devices.

The price to pay for a slightly sharper battle is often the balance of the gun and longer maintenance. However, Teal-12G is partially devoid of these disadvantages. Of course, the massive gas chamber and piston shift the balance of the gun towards the barrel, but the Teal-12G return mechanism has been moved to the stock. This made it possible to reduce the overweight of the reloading mechanism towards the barrel, to make the forend of the gun lighter and more elegant. The bolt mass of the Teal-12G is almost two times less than that of the inertial Teal-12, therefore, in terms of balance, both of these guns are approximately equal.

Also, thanks to the transfer of the assembled return mechanism to the butt, cleaning and maintenance of the Teal-12G rifle after firing has been simplified. The Piston Teal-12G has a design that allows to work out a full cycle of automation both on "sporting" hinges of 24-28 years, and on hinges "magnum" 43-55 years. With a small projectile weight, all powder gases are used to reload the gun. With the growth of the hinge and, as a consequence, the pressure, some of the powder gases are vented into the forearm, providing a smooth rollback of the moving parts and at the same time "blowing out" the soot from the gas vent mechanism. Teal-12G is based on Beretta's very successful 300 series.


Receivers (receivers) of both models of the Teal series are made of durable aluminum alloy 7075. Receivers are unloaded when fired, as they do not participate in locking the bore. The main load falls on the barrel and the bolt locking elements. This allows the receiver to be made of lighter aluminum. Pads of the firing mechanism (USM) are made of impact-resistant plastic. Aesthetically, an aluminum shoe would be nicer, but they have the same operational strength as a plastic one, but the percentage of USM failures in a plastic shoe with frozen lubricant or sand getting into the mechanism is noticeably lower. Thus, the plastic block provides the gun with slightly higher reliability in extreme conditions.

The stock and forend of the Teal series guns are made of Turkish walnut on CNC machines. For the vast majority of the noticeably more expensive Italian rifles, forend and stocks are produced in Turkey from the same material. Plastic stocks and fore-ends can be black or camouflaged as, indeed, the Teal rifles themselves.


In conclusion, we would like to say that the quality of workmanship and finishing of the Teal series rifles is up to the mark. All this is due to the fact that when ordering weapons from the manufacturer, our company did not skimp on such concepts as simplicity, reliability and durability, which are unshakable for every hunter.

Sincerely,

chief technical consultant

Pavel Novichkov


Check out our product range

Even the most ardent admirer of semi-automatic machines will hardly argue with the fact that the classic double-barreled gun is more elegant and aesthetically pleasing in principle. But many people, at least in everyday life, and by no means only hunting, today prefer "techno" to classical lines.
As for purely utilitarian qualities, all the pros and cons of this or that choice are well known. The double-barreled gun seems to be more reliable, since two independent firing mechanisms are "responsible" for both barrels. Therefore, even in the worst case, at least one will shoot. However, with proper care, modern semi-automatic weapons are practically not inferior in reliability to double-barreled guns. The double-barreled gun allows you to have two cartridges ready with different charges. The semiautomatic device attracts with the ability to make not 2, but 3-5 shots in a row.
The only thing that almost all hunters agree on is that they unanimously do not recommend starting hunting with a semi-automatic for beginners. It is usually said that a hunter must come to a multiple-shot gun himself, deliberately, having checked all the pros and cons, so to speak, on his own skin. But if you have made a choice in favor of a semiautomatic device, then it will be useful to take a closer look at its device. With all the external similarity of these mechanisms, the principle of operation of automation can be very different.
Nowadays, the most common are three main schemes of automatic operation: gas-operated guns, guns with inertial reloading, and finally, a reloading scheme with a movable barrel.
Each of these systems has its own disadvantages and advantages and, accordingly, its fans and detractors. So, let's look at the basic schemes.

Shotguns with gas-operated reloading mechanism.

They constitute an absolute majority today. This is explained primarily by the relative simplicity of the design and manufacture of such guns. For example, Beretta semiautomatic devices work on the gas venting principle. If it is very primitive, then this principle is based on the removal of part of the powder gases from the bore into the chamber with the piston. Gases act on the piston, the piston - through special rods - on the shutter. Moving back, the bolt is unlocked and removes the spent cartridge case, moving forward under the influence of the mainspring, sends the next cartridge from the tray into the barrel.
The simplicity of the design, the ability, by changing the shape of the piston, to regulate the amount of exhaust gases, allows the use of cartridges with a wide range of sample weights.
Sophisticated - especially for a person who loves weapons, but does not really like to take care of them - the disadvantage of a gas outlet is that when cleaning, you will have to scrub not only the barrel and receiver with a bolt, but also the gas outlet mechanism. The fact is that powder soot is not only aggressive in itself, it is also very hygroscopic, that is, it attracts moisture from the air, thereby accelerating the corrosion process.
Lazy owners of gas-operated rifles sooner or later pay for it. (Perhaps this is where the opinion stems that all semi-automatic machines are capricious and demanding to care for.)

Shotguns with inertial reloading mechanism.

This is the business card of Benelli products. The first thought that comes to mind after getting acquainted with a weapon with an inertial bolt: such a scheme cannot work. But it works - and how!
Without going into technical details, we note that the weapon is reloaded not due to inertia, but due to recoil, but the shutter is unlocked precisely due to inertia. It looks like this: when fired, under the influence of recoil, the entire gun moves backward, and the bolt moves forward by a distance of about 3-5 mm, compressing the inertial spring between the body and the bolt head (this spring and the opening mechanism is the "secret"); in this case, the shutter is unlocked, and then, under the influence of recoil, the liner is ejected. Moving forward under the influence of the return spring, the bolt sends the next cartridge from the tray into the barrel. Accordingly, in order for the weapon to reload, it must necessarily move back at least 3-5 cm. As an experiment, you can firmly rest the gun, for example, against a wall and shoot. It won't recharge. The main and, perhaps, the only disadvantage of a shotgun with an inertial bolt is that they do not like small weights of shot (24 g). The inertia force decreases with a small load, and it happens that the automation does not work. Otherwise, these guns are very reliable and unpretentious, it is a pleasure to clean them: the barrel and the bolt are all. I've known several Benelli M3 S90 owners who haven't cleaned them in years! And the guns fired flawlessly, and they probably still do. And then in one of the American publications I generally found a rather original point of view: Benelli M3 S90, they say, does not need to be cleaned at all, because it shoots well for 5-7 years without it, and when after this period it starts to "mope" , you just have to ... throw it away and buy a new one. Not sure if all readers will want to take advantage of this advice.

Shotguns with a movable barrel.

 It was this reloading mechanism that was used in the famous Browning Auto 5 (by the way, this gun even got into the Guinness Book of Records as the longest-produced serial weapon and - with minor changes - has safely survived to this day). The first Soviet semiautomatic machine MC 21-12 also worked on this principle.
From the hema it looks like this: when fired, the barrel, coupled with the bolt, moves back. Having reached the end point, it disengages from the bolt and, under the influence of its separate spring, rushes forward, while the liner is ejected. The shutter is locked in the rear position. As soon as the barrel reaches the front end point, the bolt is released, which, moving forward, sends the next cartridge and, having done this, again engages with the barrel.
As we can see, in comparison with other schemes, "superfluous" details have appeared, such as, for example, the barrel spring. Accordingly, the assembly and disassembly of the weapon has become more complicated. Alas, this is not yet the main problem. Since the hinges can be different, two special tapered rings were introduced into the scheme, the position of which regulated the force of the rollback. That is, before shooting, it was necessary to decide which charges would be fired (normal or light), and depending on this, place the rings on the magazine tube under the barrel spring. Confusion could lead either to a too fast rollback and, possibly, non-disengagement of the barrel and bolt in the rear position, or to non-reloading of the weapon.
The arrival of the magnum-class cartridge exacerbated the problem. Perhaps that is why guns with a movable barrel are now practically not produced.
Nowadays, however, several models of guns are produced with a mechanism based on this principle. Among them are MC-21-12, Breda Apollo Super and others.

Review of counters.

 On the Russian market today there is a huge number of semi-automatic shotguns of different systems, quality, origin and price. I will start a brief overview of the available proposals with the most, probably, few, very unusual in design and, of course, the most expensive of the semiautomatic devices - Cosmi. In principle, the phrase "elite weapon" does not apply to semiautomatic devices: it is generally accepted that these are purely utilitarian products. Cosmi is perhaps the only exception to this rule, this cue analogue of the Rolls-Royce among the semi-automatic workhorses.
This gun is unlike any other semi-automatic. It is distinguished by almost everything: a special inertial bolt, an original mechanism, common on double-barreled guns, but not used on self-loading, the top key that unlocks the receiver. By turning it, you can break the Cosmi in half and access the mechanism and magazine. The tubular magazine is hidden in the butt - thus the masters of the Cosmi company evened out the problem inherent in all semi-automatic machines of changing the balance when firing and, accordingly, reducing the cartridges in the magazine. Cosmi shotguns cost almost ten times more than "conventional" semi-automatic rifles (over $ 10,000). The company produces only about 100 guns per year.
If the Cosmi is the rarest semiautomatic shotgun, the most widespread, occupying the lion's share of the market, is the "three B" products - Beretta, Benelli, Browning. I believe that in Russia they make up more than 90% of all imported semiautomatic devices sold.

B

eretta AL390, which appeared in Russian stores about 10 years ago, immediately won the hearts of hunters. This is an amazingly reliable and unpretentious gun. The Beretta 391 Urica, which replaced it, is, according to some reviews, already flimsy and more difficult to endure the tests of Russian hunts. Nevertheless, Urica (as, indeed, all Beretta gas-operated semiautomatic devices) is practically "omnivorous" - it is possible to shoot cartridges with weights from 24 g to 57 g without any additional adjustments. This is achieved due to the fact that a special automatic valve relieves excess pressure when firing heavy charges. Of the shortcomings, the owners note a weak fore-end (wooden), which often bursts during intensive use of the gun, and a relatively weak bluing of the barrel.
Firma Benelli specializes in pull-type shotguns, although the latest Benelli M4 is essentially a "gas vent". The departure from their favorite inertial reloading principle is apparently explained by the fact that the M4 was developed for a competition to select a new shotgun for the army and police, one of the conditions of which was the creation of a gas-operated shotgun.
Benelli semi-automatic machines can be roughly divided into two categories. The first - purely hunting - will include such guns with impeccable classic designs as Rafaello, Super Black Eagle, Edition, Manchino, Montefeltro. In the second - M1 Super 90, M3 Super 90, M4 Super 90. All these are tactical shotguns, suitable both for hunting and for the so-called "practical" shooting. (Tactical shotguns are rifles intended for the army and the police. Usually they have a plastic stock and forend, a pistol grip and a large magazine capacity (over 5 rounds). -Ed.)
A very interesting development of the Benelli M3 Super 90 is a gun capable of firing both semi-automatic and pump action. In front of the fore-end there is a mode switch, made in the form of a ring, by turning it, you turn the semiautomatic device into a pump and vice versa in one motion. This function, generally useless for hunting, can be useful when firing cartridges with a rubber bullet (a conventional semiautomatic machine does not reload when firing with traumatic and signal cartridges). The only significant drawback noted by the owners of Benelli rifles is that the specificity of the inertial bolt requires a very light return spring, and this, when using uncalibrated sleeves, can lead to non-closing of the bolt and misfires. When using high-quality ammunition and timely cleaning, there are no problems when shooting.
For many years, the famous Browning Auto 5 model, already mentioned above, was almost the only semi-automatic gun in the vastness of the Soviet Union. The alternative was the MC 21-12 created on its basis. With a rather complex mechanism, the model with a movable barrel worked very stably and reliably. But everything flows, everything changes - new tasks, new requirements (first of all, the requirement for omnivorousness and the ability to shoot magnum cartridges) led Browning to abandon the scheme with a movable barrel and switched to a simpler and more reliable scheme with a gas outlet on the models Browning Fusion, Browning Phoenix and Browning Gold.
The choice of the "three Bs" has a rather tasteful character: the build quality is about the same for everyone, and the price is the same. Replaceable chokes are also available for everyone. "Browning" and "Beretta" are traditionally a little more difficult to assemble and disassemble, "Benelli" more "fight". However, I will not undertake to give preference to one of them in a motivated manner.
If the Russian market is quite marginal for the above world giants, with all our respect for ourselves, it is extremely important for a small private company Fabarm from Brescia, Italy. Having appeared on our market about 10 years ago with unpretentious Ellegi and Euro 3 models, the company took into account all the wishes of its customers (the reputation of "living", that is, those with insufficient sharpness of the battle, was established behind the early-release Fabarma guns) and is now introducing new models of the Euro Lion MK series. They have absorbed all the best from their predecessors and are devoid of "childhood diseases". A feature of "Fabarma" is a self-regulating gas outlet reloading system (similar in result, but not in design to the Beretta one), which makes it possible to shoot any cartridges without any problems with mechanics. All parts of the flue gas system are Teflon coated, which protects them from corrosion and simplifies cleaning. The outer side of the metal parts is coated with Karbon Fiber, which also protects against scratches and oxidation.

All fabarmovsky barrels have a special Tribore drill, which contributes to obtaining a uniform shot debris, increases sharpness and reduces recoil energy.
The Fabarm semi-automatic rifles are one of the lightest: the weight of a 12-gauge shotgun is only 2.8-2.9 kg. Another "Italian" presented in Russia - Caesar Guerini - outwardly differs little from the well-known hunting semiautomatic devices: an under-barrel tubular magazine, a window for loading from the bottom of the receiver, a removable barrel. But as soon as you disassemble it, you realize that something unusual is in front of you. Caesar Guerini did not copy any system of "gas outlet" direction or blindly repeat the famous "inertia" from Benelli, but made his own original design.
There are only three moving parts inside the gun, namely the bolt (assembled), the frame, the return spring. It all works as follows. The shutter has a movable protrusion (wedge), swinging in a vertical plane. This protrusion engages with a notch in the barrel. Under the action of the recoil of all weapons, the frame (on which the bolt is fixed and which is engaged with the return spring) is displaced back, the barrel bore is unlocked (the wedge goes deep into the bolt), the sleeve is extracted, the frame moves back, compressing the spring. The spring absorbs some of the recoil energy, making it more stretched. Having reached the extreme rear position, the spring begins to unclench, sending a new cartridge forward from the store, and the bolt is locked again.
The position of the return spring around the tubular magazine, in addition to improving the recoil, has two more positive aspects: firstly, the neck of the butt does not weaken, in contrast to systems where the spring is located in this place. In theory, this ensures that the tree will not split in such a vulnerable spot. Secondly, the spring is much more accessible in case it needs to be cleaned of dirt that has accumulated there. By the way, disassembling a gun (a trifle, but nice) is very simple and takes literally a few seconds.
At the end of the review, I would like to draw the attention of readers to Turkish guns that are new to our market. Ata Arms makes a very decent price-performance ratio classic gas-fired shotguns. This is almost the only company that supplies semiautomatic devices of the 20th "magnum" caliber to our market. Having a low weight, they are very close in power to the usual 12-gauge, which is very convenient for running hunting.
Huglu semiautomatic devices, one of the oldest Turkish companies, also operate on a gas venting principle.
The S toeger with the only Stoeger 2000 model so far makes semiautomatic devices with an inertial reloading mechanism under the Benelli license. The equipment was imported from Italy, the staff was trained there. But the price due to the lower cost of labor is a couple of hundred lower. However, whether it is necessary to save this couple of hundred on a gun, which is bought not for a year or two, and on your beloved one to check how well the Turks have learned Italian lessons, everyone will decide personally. Although the reviews about the "stoegers" are very decent.

Alexander Kudryashov