There is not a single woman in the world who would not dream of becoming a mother. But not every pregnancy can only bring positive emotions and feelings. What to do if you hear such a terrible word from the gynecologist that is shocking? What are the main signs of an ectopic pregnancy in the early stages? What to do so that it is not too late?

Characteristics of an ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition for a woman. Such a pathology can occur if, after fertilization of the egg, the embryo could not attach in the uterine cavity, but stopped in the fallopian tube and began its active development there. The reasons for this problem are described below, but it also happens that they simply do not exist. It is very important to know that if such a violation has already been present, then the next pregnancy has a chance to be the same.

The main types of ectopic pregnancy in the early stages

Once the early signs of an ectopic pregnancy have been identified, it will be easy to establish the type of pregnancy. Today, there are three types of such pathology: egg, tubal and abdominal. If an ectopic pregnancy is observed (5 weeks), then it entails an enlargement of the uterus, as well as the beginning of preparation of the mucous membrane for the complete acceptance of the embryo. After such a period, it will be quite difficult to establish the real time of fertilization, since the size of the uterus will not correspond to reality.

In the early stages, tubal pregnancy most often develops. It is violated externally and internally, that is, by a complete rupture of the fallopian tube. If this happens, the woman will bleed very badly. This process will also be accompanied by severe pain that can lead to loss of consciousness. This condition is very often accompanied by pallor of the skin, increased sweating, dilated pupils, dry mouth, decreased blood pressure, and a weak pulse. Removal of an ectopic pregnancy is performed as a tubal miscarriage. At the same time, the patient has a slightly high body temperature, abdominal pain and dizziness. Fainting was also noticed. The pressure continues to be normal, and after a couple of days, bloody discharge will be visible from the vagina.

When an abdominal pregnancy occurs, it is very difficult to recognize an ectopic pregnancy. But over time, adhesions will begin to appear in the peritoneum, which will cause severe pain, constipation and vomiting. After such a pathology, doctors will diagnose "late miscarriage", which begins at the initial stage. The cervix will remain completely closed.

The development of an ovarian pregnancy begins in the embryonic horn of the uterus. It is most often observed in women who have a developmental pathology of the uterus.

After the first signs of an ectopic pregnancy are noticed, the patient must be taken to the hospital and operated on.

Tests in which an ectopic pregnancy is recognized

How to define an ectopic pregnancy so that in the future it does not end in tragedy? There are several ways. When analyzing hCG blood, such a pathology can be recognized. If the indicator is significantly lower than it should be for the current period, then these are the first signs of an ectopic pregnancy, which need to be paid special attention to.

You can also identify such a problem on an ultrasound scan, since it can be seen where the fetus is located, in the uterus or not. If there is a suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy, then it is best to be investigated by transvaginal ultrasound, since the sensitivity of this method is much higher, and the likelihood of recognizing a pathology is high, even at short periods.

Does the fetus survive an ectopic pregnancy?

This type of pregnancy can never end with the successful development of the fetus, in any case, it dies. The earlier treatment is started and the woman receives first aid, the higher the chances of avoiding complications and keeping the patient's fallopian tube.

Why is an ectopic pregnancy dangerous?

Such a pathology is considered very dangerous, since it can cause huge blood loss, infertility, and even death in the future. If you have the first signs of an ectopic pregnancy in the early stages, then you need to be under the strict supervision of doctors who can provide qualified assistance at a time of crisis.

Signals for concern

There is a list of the main symptoms for which you need to start worrying about your health. These include: general malaise, sometimes fainting and constant dizziness. It should also be borne in mind that the older the woman is, the more likely an ectopic pregnancy is. Symptoms, the timing of the appearance of which are small, in girls over 35 years old should be subject to increased attention from specialists. For women at risk, it is recommended to undergo an ultrasound scan every two weeks so that the likelihood of pathology can be excluded. This is done until the ovum is clearly visible.

Diseases after which an ectopic pregnancy develops

Past diseases very rarely pass without a trace for the body, so there are those that are fraught with the appearance of an ectopic pregnancy. These include:

Operations performed on the organs of the reproductive system;

Laparoscopy;

The use of drugs "Postinor", "Escapel", as well as other similar drugs.

Signs of an ectopic pregnancy in the early stages may not always be pronounced, since the diagnosis is still very difficult, and a pregnancy test cannot indicate a problem at all.

Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy

At the initial stage, it is quite difficult to recognize the appearance of an ectopic pregnancy. It all starts like everyone else, there is a delay in menstruation, breast tenderness, toxicosis, changes in appetite and drowsiness increase.

After 5-8 weeks have passed, everything changes dramatically, and the first signs of an ectopic pregnancy begin to appear. A woman increasingly notices huge, severely cutting and aching pains in the lower abdomen, usually on the side from which the egg is attached. In the event that a pregnant woman has a hemorrhage in the peritoneum, most likely, pain in the anus, as well as during bowel movements and urination, will be felt. The pain syndrome is accompanied by bloody discharge, which does not at all associate with blood in the peritoneum.

At this point, the body begins to show such a reaction due to a decrease in the level of progesterone, which is the main hormone of pregnancy. In such a situation, the woman is in a state of shock.

Ectopic pregnancy at different times

An ectopic pregnancy in the early stages is initially manifested by severe vaginal bleeding, and women quite often complain of significant pain in the lower abdomen. They are much stronger than during normal pregnancies. There are strong and very frequent bouts of vomiting and nausea, as well as discomfort during urination and bowel movements. When these symptoms appear, you urgently need to contact your attending physician, with whom the woman is registered.

Late periods are accompanied by pain in the neck and shoulders. This is due to the fact that at this time the ovum becomes larger, and hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity begins. On an emotional level, fatigue, a huge sense of apathy and irritation increase, which is much brighter than during a normal pregnancy.

If a woman in her period of ectopic pregnancy complains of severe sweating, then this should indicate a huge risk to her life.

High risk of ectopic pregnancy

The risk increases in the following cases:

For girls who have many non-permanent sexual partners;

In women over 35 years of age;

If pregnancy occurs in the presence of an intrauterine device;

For those who have had sexually transmitted diseases in the past, even if a full course of recovery has been completed and symptoms, it would seem, are absent, the risk still remains high;

If conception occurred after the tubal ligation procedure;

Patients who have undergone operations on the intestines and pelvic organs in their lives;

All those who took Postinor or Escapel; they remain at risk of ectopic pregnancy for a month after taking the funds;

In the event that a woman could not become pregnant for several years (at least 2), the risk of such a pregnancy is very high;

Those who smoke regularly.

What a woman should do if she has an ectopic pregnancy

If, after all the first tests, ultrasound and research, your doctor diagnosed an ectopic pregnancy, what to do when thoughts are mixed and you don't understand anything? Of course, from this moment on, the patient must be constantly under the close supervision of doctors. Treatment can take place in three main directions:

Waiting tactics - after an ectopic pregnancy has been identified, the duration of which is still short, the woman is constantly under the supervision of doctors, but nothing is done;

Drug treatment is therapy with drugs, but without surgery;

Operation - during it, the ovum is removed, and in severe cases, also the fallopian tube.

How to recognize a ruptured fallopian tube

This phenomenon can occur at very advanced stages, when a woman does not know how to determine an ectopic pregnancy. Subsequently, the embryo becomes very large, and under such influence the fallopian tube does not withstand and bursts. This condition is considered very dangerous for a woman, since later everything can be fatal. The latest periods at which an ectopic pregnancy can be terminated on its own are 9-10 weeks. If, in the process of pathology, blood is released without interruption, pressure decreases, and the eyes become cloudy and a state of fainting is felt, that is, all signs of ectopic pregnancy appear in the early stages, then it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance for emergency hospitalization. This condition can be accompanied by acute abdominal pain.

Life after pregnancy and its consequences

All the horrors were left behind, the operation was over, and the patient began to return to normal life. Then the woman undergoes treatment with antibiotics, she continues to inject pain relievers, as well as vitamins that support the body.

With the help of physiotherapeutic procedures and drug treatment, the patient tolerates this period more easily, the condition of the fallopian tubes begins to improve, and recovery is accelerated.

In order to avoid problems with pregnancy later in life, the woman is prescribed a course of anti-inflammatory drugs. In the event that a tubectomy was done, namely the removal of the fallopian tube, then its remainder should also be treated. After such a pathology, the patient may face late complications. After a tubectomy, there is a possibility of infertility. There is also a very high possibility of recurrence of an ectopic pregnancy, namely 15%.

Contraception should be on one of the main and paramount places, since after such a pregnancy, you cannot plan the next conception for 3 months, but it is best to wait six months. It is very important that the planning is discussed with the doctor who supervises the woman's tests. From them it will be clear whether the body is ready for new loads or not. Initially, you need to examine the patency of the fallopian tubes. It is also worth paying close attention to the diagnosis of inflammatory processes and infections. If all the tests show positive results, then the woman, on the recommendation of the attending physician, can think about planning a new pregnancy.

Pregnancy, depending on where the embryo was implanted in the female body, is divided into two types: uterine and ectopic. In the event that a fertilized egg has reached the uterine cavity without hindrance and has successfully anchored on the wall of the mucous membrane, doctors talk about physiological pregnancy. However, it happens that the female body for one reason or another fails, and the so-called ectopic pregnancy, or ectopic, develops. It is characterized by the fact that the egg is firmly established in an organ that is completely unsuitable for the further growth of the embryo: in the fallopian tubes, in the cervix or in the abdominal cavity.

The main danger lies in the fact that at an early stage, an ectopic pregnancy does not manifest itself in any way and, in terms of symptoms, does not differ at all from a physiological pregnancy.

What symptoms and for how long does an ectopic pregnancy manifest itself?

Until about 6 weeks of pregnancy, an ectopic pregnancy, as mentioned above, is no different from a normal pregnancy. It is accompanied by the same symptoms: morning sickness, drowsiness, chest pain, frequent urge to use the toilet, etc.

An ectopic pregnancy, which lasts from 6 to 8 weeks, already has less favorable symptoms. This is due to the fact that it is at this time that the thin walls of the fallopian tube (and an ectopic pregnancy in the overwhelming majority of cases is tubal) is no longer able to stretch as much as is required for the rapidly growing ovum, and rupture. By the way, medicine knows cases when the term of an ectopic pregnancy reached about 10-12 weeks, but this is rather an exception to the general rule. A ruptured tube is always accompanied by severe pain, intense bleeding, inflammation of the abdominal cavity and shock. By itself, this condition does not go away, and the woman urgently needs medical help.

In some cases, the death of the embryo occurs even before the moment when the oviduct ruptures. This is due to the lack of normal conditions for its growth and a persistent deficiency of essential nutrients. As a result of tubal abortion (this is the name given to a similar situation), the deceased embryo moves into the uterine cavity or into the peritoneum, and rather intense bleeding occurs at the place of its implantation. The condition of a woman is characterized by:

• Weakness;
• Dizziness;
• Increased heart rate;
• Increased pallor;
• Profuse perspiration (as they say, throws up in a cold sweat).

A symptom that can only be detected during an ultrasound examination is the formation of a large blood clot in the abdominal cavity.

All these manifestations are extremely dangerous for a woman, because even in the conditions of developed modern medicine, they can cause death. Therefore, early detection of an ectopic pregnancy is one of the main tasks facing gynecologists.

At what time is an ectopic pregnancy determined using ultrasound and tests

Manifestations of an unfavorable pregnancy occur no earlier than 4 weeks, and often the woman herself does not attach much importance to them (especially in the case of the first pregnancy). Therefore, after seeing a positive result of a home test for determining pregnancy, any woman, in order to protect herself from possible negative consequences, as soon as possible should contact the ultrasound diagnostics office for an examination.

Abdominal ultrasound is able to detect pathology already at the ectopic pregnancy period equal to 6-7 weeks. A study with a vaginal probe is able to give an answer regarding the localization of the ovum as early as 5-6 weeks.

In the event that the gestational age is too short, and it is difficult to pinpoint the location of the embryo, the gynecologist may recommend that a woman take a blood test for the content of chorionic gonadotropin in it, or hCG, a specific hormone that is secreted by the placenta during pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy corresponds to a lower indicator in comparison with the norm. In addition, over time, the level of hCG rises much more slowly than during physiological pregnancy.

Self-determination of an ectopic pregnancy

Many women wonder whether it is possible to determine an ectopic pregnancy on their own before 6 weeks of pregnancy. Despite the fact that it is very difficult to give a definite answer here, there are a number of signs that you should pay attention to:

• Lean menses after a delay;
• The appearance of spotting discharge after the end of the last menstruation, which were characterized by an unusual scarcity;
• Pain in the lower abdomen (often only on one side), which may resemble labor pains, be stabbing or cutting;
• Unpleasant sensations arising from tactile contact with the abdomen.

It should be noted that even insignificant in its intensity, but often arising pain sensations are a reason for concern and referral to the clinic.

Early ectopic pregnancy treatment

Early diagnosis and timely intervention is what is the key to a successful outcome of an ectopic pregnancy and the possibility of having children in the future.

Currently, the most modern method of treatment is laparoscopic surgery. For its implementation, it is not required to make a cavity incision in the anterior part of the peritoneum. In this case, the termination of pregnancy occurs in the least traumatic way for a woman, which in most cases allows her to save the fallopian tube. The use of laparoscopic surgery also provides the patient with a faster recovery in the postoperative period and, in addition, minimizes the risk of adhesions in the pelvic area.

Along with the surgical method, the medical method of treating an ectopic pregnancy at an early stage is also widely used. It provides for the administration of mifepristone or methotrexate to the patient. Its advantages are that the woman avoids the operation, and in addition, the likelihood of trauma to the pipe is reduced (sometimes it can be avoided altogether).

Ectopic pregnancy is a condition that cannot be prevented. Therefore, even before the onset of pregnancy, during the planning period, it is necessary to clarify whether you belong to a risk group, and from the first days, carefully monitor its development together with your doctor. The main thing to remember is that if the term of an ectopic pregnancy, at which it was possible to identify it, is small, the probability of an unfavorable outcome is minimal, and a new pregnancy will give the happiness of motherhood.

Text: Oksana Klenova

4.84 4.8 out of 5 (25 votes)

An ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal condition that poses a serious threat to a woman's life. The place of localization of a fertilized egg is normally the uterus. If fixation occurs in any other place, this is a pathology and requires immediate intervention from doctors. The first signs of an ectopic pregnancy, if you know about them, should alert the woman and stimulate to make an appointment with a specialist.

Reasons for the development of ectopic fertilization

During ovulation, a mature and fully formed egg leaves the ovary. It enters the tube, where the process of direct fertilization takes place. After the completion of conception, the zygote migrates into the uterine cavity. This phenomenon is facilitated by measured peristaltic contractions of the fallopian tubes and undulating swaying of the villi of the mucous membrane.

The journey is long, migration lasts about 3 days. This time is enough for the embryo to form special cells responsible for the secretion of a number of enzymes. With their help, the process of attachment to the mucous membranes of the formed zygote takes place.

If at one of the stages listed above, the zygote encounters mechanical or hormonal obstacles, the fertilization algorithm will be disrupted. The main reasons for the development of an ectopic pregnancy in the early stages are discussed in the table below.

The main reason	Pathophysiological aspects of the problem
Inflammatory processes of the uterine appendages	If one tube or both appendages were previously exposed to inflammatory processes, their functional qualities will be impaired. In the lumen of the hollow organs, adhesions, fibrous cords, scars are formed, which act as specific barriers at the time of the passage of the fertilized egg to the uterus. The pipes are not able to fully provide peristalsis for the advancement of the zygote. As a result, cells with enzymes for attachment are formed, and the egg is forced to attach at another location.
Inflammatory processes of the fallopian tubes	The reason is similar to the inflammatory processes in the appendages. The zygote cannot move to the uterus, since the nerve endings are lost, and the villi is partially destroyed. The transport function is impaired, which means that the egg cannot move to the uterus.
Anomalies of anatomy and development of organs, tissues, structures	Problems with anatomy or functional potential can arise even during intrauterine development. The most common form of deviations is "extra" pipes, additional holes in the appendages. The development of anomalies is due to a negative effect on the fetus during pregnancy - smoking and alcoholism of the mother, taking illegal drugs, harm to ionizing radiation.
Operative interventions	Any surgical interventions, like inflammatory processes, lead to the appearance of an adhesion process. If a woman has repeatedly undergone surgery, the patency of the tubes can be completely impaired.
Hormonal dysfunction	Unfavorable hormonal background adversely affects the functioning of all structures. The menstrual cycle malfunctions, the muscles become immobilized, the ability of the egg itself to the implantation process suffers. This pathology is considered the most common among young women capable of normal conception and childbirth.
Missing one of the pipes	If ovulation occurs on the side where the appendage is absent, the zygote must travel a longer path to the uterus. The main type of complications in women who have undergone the procedure for removing one tube is the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.
Tumors	If there is a malignant or benign neoplasm in the uterus or one of the appendages, it will also prevent the zygote from migrating normally into the uterus. Moreover, hormone-dependent tumors can cause significant hormonal imbalances throughout the body, further exacerbating the problem. Often, small tumors were detected only when the ectopic pregnancy itself occurred.

The development of an ectopic pregnancy may be due to localized tuberculosis or external endometriosis. Moreover, long-term treatment of infertility with hormonal drugs can also cause this specific problem.

Classification of ectopic conditions

Ectopic pregnancy is divided into several categories based on its signs and symptoms. The classification is arbitrary, but rather complicated.

Types of pathological conditions for the localization of the ovum:

• pipe;
• ovarian (intrafollicular and developing on the surface of the glandular organ);
• abdominal (primary and secondary);
• interlinking;
• cervical;
• implantation in the rudimentary uterine horn;
• interstitial pregnancy.

By the stages of the course and how exactly the ectopic pregnancy manifests itself:

• progressive pregnancy;
• interrupted pregnancy;
• an interrupted pregnancy.

Signs of an ectopic pregnancy

The early period (5-6th week) does not allow a woman to independently determine whether an ectopic pregnancy has occurred.

Primary signs are typical for everyone:

• delayed pregnancy;
• enlargement of the mammary glands, soreness;
• first trimester toxicosis (nausea, accompanied by vomiting).

Most often, the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy is made when the symptoms already indicate the development of tubal abortion or other abortion scenarios. Progressive ectopic pregnancy, in which the fetus develops relatively normally in the initial stages, is established during the ultrasound examination.

At the same time, the task of the diagnostician was not always to find exactly "signs of pregnancy." The abnormal location of the ovum is most often detected during diagnostic measures to identify completely different pathological conditions.

If the pregnancy was not in the uterus and abruptly terminated, the symptoms will be as follows.

1. - the first dangerous sign by which it is possible to recognize various forms of ectopic pregnancy. If the pain is dull and persistent, a progressive tubal pregnancy may be suspected. The fruit grows, and over time it will be too cramped. The risk of pipe rupture will increase every day. Constant cramping pain, radiating to the lower back, indicates that the rupture has occurred.
2. The first signs of a progressive ectopic pregnancy that has already been interrupted is often associated with specific pain or discomfort in the anus. Women experience unusual pressure, as at the start of labor or before having a bowel movement;
3. Bloody issues appear at the moment when the roof from the pipe found a way out. Small smearing discharge of scarlet, brown, beige, which cannot be described as menstruation, is a formidable symptom. A woman should see a doctor immediately;
4. Signs of rapid progression internal bleeding, - pallor of the skin, hypotension up to the development of collapse, severe weakness, severe dizziness. There is no time to determine the exact cause of this condition - you must immediately call an ambulance.

If, among other things, the patient develops hyperthermia prone to progression, there is every reason to believe that an inflammatory process has begun in the body. This is a particularly difficult case requiring immediate treatment and long-term rehabilitation.

What will the test show?

Considering the question of what symptoms an ectopic pregnancy gives, what early signs are characteristic of this condition, it is worth considering separately the nuances associated with the use of the test. This type of fertilization causes a delay in menstruation. In the first expected cycle, allocations may still be. As a rule, they are scanty, of a specific color. "Pseudo-mentruation" comes at the wrong time and lasts only a couple of days.

This alarms the woman, since a normal cycle, in any case, cannot look like this. Alerted, patients often purchase a pregnancy test.

The test will be positive. However, with ectopic localization of the ovum, the second strip is usually indistinct, blurred. Experts attribute this to the fact that the level is lower if the zygote is attached to the tissues of the tube.

However, there are tests that help to recognize the abnormal pregnancy, as well as assess the risk of tube rupture. However, in order to acquire and conduct such a specific test, a woman needs to be on the alert, distinguishing between the usual and abnormal variants of the course of pregnancy.

Sad consequences

The consequences of an ectopic pregnancy include:

• rupture of the tube with subsequent migration of the ovum into the peritoneal cavity;
• termination of an abnormal pregnancy in any other way;
• massive bleeding due to detachment of the fetus from the walls of the epididymis;
• bleeding due to actual damage to the pipe, which can be fatal for a woman;
• development of peritonitis if blood enters the abdominal cavity with the subsequent development of inflammatory processes.

Patient treatment

Treatment of an interrupted abnormal pregnancy is carried out exclusively by the method of salpingoectomy. The deformed tube is removed if the gestation period is relatively early. There are two reasons for this:

• stop massive bleeding that cannot be controlled in any other way;
• get rid of an organ that has completely lost its functional potential.

Distinguish between laparoscopic and laparotomic scheme of surgical intervention. The intervention itself is quite traumatic and requires the appropriate qualifications of a doctor.

If the tube has retained its integrity, treatment of an ectopic progressive pregnancy is carried out in other ways. A chemical substance is injected into the ovum for the subsequent medical hardening of tissues. Then, the walls of the tube are excised, followed by the removal of the fetus.

The fabrics are carefully sewn up. No specialist gives a guarantee that the pipe will ultimately retain at least a minimum permeability. As for scars and fibrous cords, they are formed as a natural reaction of the body to surgical interventions.

Rehabilitation and subsequent preparation for pregnancy

All rehabilitation measures are presented below.

1. Immediately after the operation, intensive infusion therapy is prescribed in order to correct the water-electrolyte balance.
2. Antibiotic therapy to prevent a number of postoperative complications.
3. Stabilization of hormonal levels.
4. Contraception 6 to 12 months after surgery.
5. Prevention of adhesions using enzyme preparations.
6. Physiotherapy treatments for general health improvement.

Provided that the woman has at least one tube with optimal patency, the likelihood of getting pregnant in the future is quite high. The optimal period for re-conception is 1 year after surgery. In general, the prognosis is favorable, but on condition that the ailment was identified quite quickly and really professional help was provided.

What does the term "ectopic pregnancy" mean?

Such a pregnancy occurs if the fertilized egg is not attached to the uterine cavity, but is implanted into the tubal or abdominal cavity.

Causes of occurrence.

Developmental pathology or inflammation in the fallopian tubes is the main cause of ectopic pregnancy.

Inflammatory changes in the tubes occur against the background of sexually transmitted diseases, complicated abortions and childbirth. The patency of the tubes can also be impaired due to congenital abnormalities. With underdevelopment of the genital organs, the tubes are long, their lumen is significantly narrowed. Such changes interfere with the natural advancement of the egg into the uterus, and the transit time increases. As a result, the egg cell, while still in the tube, reaches the stage of development at which implantation occurs. It settles in the tube and attaches itself to its wall, quickly destroys the thin mucous membrane and begins to grow into the muscular membrane of the tube. Because of this, pregnancy termination occurs, usually at the 5-6th week, much less often at the 8th -12th week.

The chances of an ectopic pregnancy are increased if:

• pregnancy occurred with the help of artificial insemination;
• as contraception used intrauterine devices and oral contraceptives, not combined type, which do not contain estrogen (the use of these methods reduces the motility of the fallopian tubes);
• pregnant over 35 years old;
• there was already an ectopic pregnancy in the anamnesis.

Interrupt.

There are two types of spontaneous termination of an ectopic pregnancy:

• tubal abortion
• pipe rupture

In a tubal abortion, the ovum breaks away from the tube wall and moves into the abdominal cavity. Detachment of the egg is accompanied by bleeding. The blood accumulates in the tube, and from there it flows into the abdominal cavity and forms a posterior hematoma. In the process of expulsion, the egg almost always dies, although cases have been described in medicine when the exfoliated ovum did not die, but was implanted into the abdominal cavity. This is called an abdominal pregnancy and can persist until due date.

A tubal abortion is less traumatic and life-threatening than a ruptured tube. When the fallopian tube bursts, all its layers are torn, as a result, severe bleeding occurs, leading to severe anemia and a direct threat to life.
Signs and course.

As long as the ectopic pregnancy is not disturbed, its symptoms are almost no different from normal pregnancy: delayed menstruation, toxicosis, engorgement of the mammary glands, etc. There is a sign in the presence of which an ectopic pregnancy can be suspected - scanty dark discharge after a delay in menstruation.

To get rid of doubts, you can also take a blood test for chorionic gonadotropin. It is on the determination of this hormone in urine that pregnancy tests are based. With a low level of gonadorpine in the blood, there is reason to suspect something was wrong! If, at the same time, there is a history of inflammatory diseases or pathology of the development of the fallopian tubes, you should immediately consult a doctor!

The characteristic signs of an ectopic pregnancy occur when it is violated. With a tubal abortion, cramping pains in the lower abdomen, dizziness or fainting occur. The pain is given to the scapula and the anus. The appearance of dark spotting is characteristic. The clinical picture with tubal abortion is sometimes erased, unexpressed. There may be suspicions of appendicitis, inflammation, and many other diseases.

When the pipe ruptures abruptly, usually after a slight physical exertion, severe pain in the lower abdomen appears, which leads to fainting or light-headedness. The pain spreads to the shoulder, scapula, anus. Because of the profuse internal bleeding, the symptoms of anemia rapidly increase: the skin and mucous membranes turn pale, breathing quickens, blood pressure drops, the pulse becomes frequent and superficial.

Even if there is no reason for concern, go to a gynecologist and undergo an ultrasound examination (ultrasound). Only with the help of this study, the doctor can accurately determine the ectopic pregnancy, where exactly the embryo is attached.

Timely access to a doctor is extremely important if an ectopic pregnancy is suspected. This is one of the most dangerous pathologies in gynecology! If the diagnosis is confirmed, the only way out is surgery.

With a timely diagnosis, you can avoid such serious consequences as rupture of the pipe, large blood loss, and threats to life. If the pregnancy has not yet been broken, the operation is performed laparoscopically. This is a low-traumatic endoscopic surgical intervention, in which, using special equipment, the egg is carefully removed from the tube through small punctures in the abdominal cavity. With such an operation, the fallopian tube can be preserved.

If the operation is urgent, that is, the pregnancy has already been disrupted, an opening of the abdominal cavity and a truboectomy (removal of the fallopian tube) are performed. This significantly lowers the woman's chances of re-pregnancy and the recovery from surgery takes much longer and harder.

Early ectopic pregnancy symptoms and treatment

There are unexpected, serious obstacles on the way to motherhood. One of them is an ectopic pregnancy (EG). Almost every woman is at risk. And this diagnosis can lead to death. In 35% of cases, the cause of the development of the embryo in an atypical place cannot be established.

Factors that increase the risk of developing pathological pregnancy:, use of intrauterine contraception, abortion,.

The biggest mistake women make is to take a test at home after a delay in menstruation and enjoy the pregnancy. Immediately after that, you need to register and do an ultrasound examination. Because only an ultrasound scan can determine exactly where the attachment of a fertilized egg has occurred.

• Ectopic pregnancy - what is it
• Why does an ectopic pregnancy occur: causes
• The consequences of an ectopic pregnancy
• The timing of the rupture of the fallopian tube with VB
• Early signs of ectopic pregnancy
• Menstruation with an ectopic pregnancy
• The test will show WB or not
• How does an ectopic pregnancy manifest after a tube rupture?
• Laparoscopy for tube-sparing ectopic pregnancy
• WB treatment
• What to do to avoid ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is the consolidation and subsequent development of the ovum - the embryo, not in the place provided by nature - in the uterine cavity, but outside of it. ... It can develop in the fallopian tube, on the ovary, in the abdominal cavity, in the cervix, and on internal organs.

The rapid test allows one to suspect the ectopic location of the embryo with (INEXSCREEN). This is important for women at risk for pathological pregnancy. You can reliably confirm or deny the test results on an ultrasound scan. When examining, you can see the localization of the ovum and the heartbeat of the embryo.

Signs of an ectopic pregnancy

A sign of an ectopic pregnancy after a rupture of the fallopian tube will be a sharp soreness during vaginal examination.

On ultrasound, you can determine the absence of the ovum in the uterine cavity, and in the area of ​​the appendages, you can see signs of additional education. Another symptom is the accumulation of fluid in the Douglas space.

For diagnostic purposes, a puncture of the posterior fornix of the vagina is done - a puncture with a thick needle. In this way, internal bleeding into the abdominal cavity is diagnosed or excluded. The presence of blood during an ectopic pregnancy in the posterior space is an indicator that an operation is required. Immediate surgery can be performed using a laparoscope (through punctures in the anterior abdominal wall) or cavity access (incision of the anterior abdominal wall).

The most accurate diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy is carried out during laparoscopy.

Laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that does not cut the abdomen. Holes are made in the abdominal wall. Through them, using a small optical camera, doctors examine the abdominal cavity. And with the help of special instruments, an operation is performed to remove the ovum and stop bleeding. Diagnostic laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy (examination of the abdominal organs) can go directly into the operation.

With a progressive ectopic pregnancy, laparoscopy allows you to get rid of the ovum before the fallopian tube rupture and avoid more dangerous complications.

Ectopic pregnancy treatment

The only possible treatment for an ectopic pregnancy (interrupted) is salpingectomy - removal of the fallopian tube. The destroyed fallopian tube must be removed for two reasons:

• in order to stop bleeding;
• and due to its functional inconsistency in the future.

The method of operation can be laparotomy or laparoscopic. It all depends on the technical provision of the medical institution, the qualifications of the doctor and the patient's ability to pay.

For the treatment of a progressive ectopic pregnancy, there are other options for surgery:

• Medical sclerosis of the ovum - the introduction of a chemical into the ovum, in order to resorb it. But the patency of the fallopian tube will be questionable. This method is addressed if an ectopic pregnancy has been identified in the only remaining tube.
• Dissection of the tube in order to remove tissue of the embryo and plastic restoration of the organ. There is no 100% guarantee that the pipe will be passable. Rehabilitation before re-pregnancy can take up to 6 months.
• With early detection and the presence of special equipment, an operation is possible - fimbral evacuation of the ovum. Technically, it looks like this: the embryo is evacuated from the uterine tube under vacuum from the side of the ampullar section of the tube (which is adjacent to the ovary).

Prevention of ectopic pregnancy

The most correct approach to prevent ectopic pregnancy is a full preparation for conception: examination of a woman and a man. This general rule applies to all couples wishing to become pregnant.

It is necessary to minimize the appearance of the reasons leading to this pathology:

• Prevention and timely full complex treatment of the female genital area.
• Normalization of hormonal disorders.
• Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, including sexual hygiene. It is necessary to use barrier contraceptives, to prevent frequent changes of sexual partners.
• Regular visits to the gynecologist - 1-2 times a year.
• A comprehensive examination at an early stage of pregnancy.

A repeated ectopic pregnancy can lead to the fact that both tubes of a woman will be removed, and if there are no children, then the only way to get pregnant and give birth in these cases is only using in vitro fertilization - IVF.

If you have been diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy and have one tube removed, this is not a sentence. You can get pregnant naturally.