Lee had a stroke at 25. Types of strokes and characteristic signs. Reasons and features

25.06.2019

The age of boys and girls from 20 to 30 years old is considered the strongest compared to people who have managed to live their fourth or fifth decade. Previously, a stroke among the young population could not be thought about. Now things are completely different, stroke at a young age, starting in 20 years, has become a common problem.

Situations in which people of young age do not pay attention to pronounced symptoms of dizziness, headache, accompanied by nausea and a sharp jump in blood pressure. They think that nothing serious is happening to them and soon the state of health will become normal. With this attitude, young boys and girls are bedridden.

Medicine still does not find a single solution why this happens to those people who have just switched to the path of adulthood.

Kinds

Stroke is divided into the following types:

Ischemic stroke. The most common variety, it affects only minor areas of the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres. It occurs due to blockage of blood vessels, due to the formation of blood clots, embolism, cholesterol plaques.

The same risk group includes people with cancer, as well as those who did not think to undergo an examination on time immediately after a brain injury or other problems associated with inflammatory processes in the body.

Hemorrhagic stroke occurs in a more acute form than the first. Pathology in this case occurs spontaneously, due to an aneurysm of the cerebral vessels, when the blood does not slow down as in ischemia, but pours out into the external cerebral cavity.

The nature of the consequences of each type of stroke is different, it happens not only in young and elderly people, even in newborns the stroke is in the same severe form. He doesn't choose people by age.

causes

Stroke among young women and men occurs due to carelessness in relation to health.

There are also situations when young people, during festivities at discos or celebrating a wedding ceremony, celebrate fun by drinking a large amount of strong alcoholic beverages, drugs and smoking cigarettes. Then there comes a moment when one of the guests becomes ill, which is most often associated with intoxication. After all, in such a situation, a person is unable to keep the coordination of the body. In some cases, convulsions, numbness, accompanied by high blood pressure, dizziness and nausea.

Why do doctors state a stroke among young people:

If young people often have high blood pressure.
Violation of the heart muscle.
Injuries associated with pathologies in the area of the carotid artery.
Violation of blood clotting.
Frequent unexplained headaches.
infectious complications. Cause changes on the surface of the walls of the arteries and lead to further destruction.
In women at the age of 20, hormonal drugs, contraceptives can provoke the manifestation of a stroke. The result is blood thinning or lead to excessive blood clots.
If in the family, young people had a stroke.
Sometimes a stroke occurs between the ages of 20 and 30. This is caused by excessive consumption of low-alcohol products, a sedentary lifestyle, drug use and cigarette smoking. Such bad habits sin young guys and girls who drink alcohol and smoke up to 20 years.

Blockage of blood vessels due to the formation of fatty plaques occurs not only in people who have lived to retirement age. Young men and women under 30 are also at risk of stroke due to their high body mass index.

Doctors can not always immediately determine the signs of a stroke, but only additional brain studies, urine and blood tests for biochemistry. According to external signs, the symptoms are similar to poisoning the body with potent drugs, alcoholic liquid, or drug overdose.

Peculiarities

If in childhood a stroke is more common in male infants, then in adolescence, with a probability of 70%, it manifests itself in women under 30 years old. Many girls, having felt the first signs of a stroke, ignore the symptoms to a greater extent, which ultimately ends in early death or disability.

How do doctors feel about stroke in the female population:

Numbness of the facial muscles for a short period of time.
The left or right eye stops seeing clearly. There is blindness in both eyes at once.
Sharp headache.
Cramping pains in the limbs.
The occurrence of hiccups for no reason.
Often with a stroke, a symptom of nausea occurs.
Feeling pain in the abdomen.
Confusion of consciousness for several minutes.
Change in heart rate, accompanied by a sudden prickling sensation on the left side.
Sleep problems.

The risk of stroke in women increases if girls start smoking, this also applies to men. It is this reason that is left without attention, which subsequently leads to such disastrous results as a stroke. While smoking cigarettes, the brain does not receive the required amount of oxygen, the cells gradually die, and blood circulation is disturbed.

How to reduce risk

If damage has affected an insignificant part of the brain, then recovery will take place within a few months. If, after the examination, the patient showed wider and more extensive areas of hematoma formation, then there is a possibility that the person will not live without outside help. In such a situation, many patients cannot speak, move their arms and legs, and the rehabilitation of which will take at least one year.

Only taking care of your body will prevent the onset of a stroke, it is important to know the following:

You can provoke a stroke if you do not follow the balance of your diet, eat food with dyes and flavors. Including smoked sausage products, fish, meat. Also, if you lean heavily on confectionery with sweet creams, buns and white bread.
A stroke can affect women from 20 to 30 years old who are afraid of becoming pregnant and take hormonal contraceptives. The risk of stroke increases if the girl still smokes, drinks and does not take care of her health during the course. This ends with the fact that the composition of the blood changes, the level of blood clots increases.
Brain hemorrhage occurs when taking low-alcohol products in both men and women from 20 to 30 years old.
Food should contain a minimum of fat.
There is a prolonged headache, which usually manifests itself in the evenings or after experienced serious stress, lack of sleep.

High pressure applies only to the elderly society. But recently, medical statistics have shown many facts among young women and men from 20 to 30 years old.
For headaches of unknown nature, as well as after head injuries, for every 6 months, undergo a tomography.
The use of potent drugs in high doses and without the recommendation of doctors.

If you do not seek medical help in time and ignore any moments of poor health, then subsequently a person’s life will change dramatically. Stroke can happen to anyone, from 20- years of age or much earlier if this was observed among relatives of young people.

As in any other part of the body, the human brain has a plexus of blood vessels that supply the brain with blood. If blood circulation in the brain is disturbed, then a stroke occurs - the death of part of the nerve cells in the brain, as a result of which the body may lose one or more functions for which the dead cells were responsible.

The results of the Framingham and Rochester studies state that currently in the world, mortality from ischemic stroke averages 23% during the year, and 19% of patients die in the first 30 days after a stroke.

In Russia, the figures are somewhat better than the global ones: only 20% of patients die within a year after a stroke (according to other sources, 29%). In total, about half a million cases of stroke are diagnosed in Russia, including men and women.

Types of strokes and characteristic signs:

Hemorrhagic

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs as a result of bleeding in the brain. The defective artery ruptures, blood enters the brain tissue and begins to compress neighboring areas, increasing pressure in the brain and preventing oxygen from reaching the site of damage.

The cause of hemorrhagic stroke is an aneurysm (for example, with the development of atherosclerosis), that is, the integrity of the wall of the vessel or vessels is impaired. High blood pressure is a factor stimulating the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

Ischemic

As a result of an ischemic stroke, when a vessel in the brain malfunctions, it becomes blocked, compressed, or ruptured due to blood clots. If neighboring vessels cannot supply blood to the part of the brain with a damaged vessel, then brain cells without oxygen will begin to die within a few minutes.

The cause of ischemic stroke is atherosclerotic plaques, which, when ruptured, form blood clots that block blood flow in the brain vessel.

Ischemic stroke compared with hemorrhagic stroke affects men much more often, but at the same time is less painful.

The main symptoms of a stroke in men include:

speech disorders in which the patient speaks indistinctly and cannot even pronounce simple words;
numbness of various parts of the body;
hearing and/or vision problems;
problems with coordination: the gait of the patient is similar to the gait of a drunk;
sudden headaches.

Symptoms of a stroke in a man are quite similar to those of a female stroke, but there are some differences in the manifestation of this disease.

Summing up, the following conclusions can be drawn:

a male stroke is accompanied by pronounced symptoms, so it is much easier to provide timely assistance;
male stroke is “younger” than female;
recovery processes after a stroke in men are much faster than in women, and with less significant complications.

The first signs and symptoms of stroke in men of different ages

It should be noted that the risk of a stroke is growing every year, and medical experts are sounding the alarm: a stroke attack overtakes men at an earlier age than a few years ago.

The first signs and symptoms of a stroke in men can be as follows:

Up to 30 years old
At this age, a stroke in a man is extremely rare. Most likely, if a stroke occurs, then this is a consequence of hypertension due to a skull injury or cerebral hemorrhage. If the victim is conscious, it is necessary to check for the presence of a stroke through an ultrasound test.
After 30 years
If a person has congenital pathologies of the vessels of the brain, then at the age of 30 a stroke is possible. Characteristic signs of hemorrhage can be a sharp attack of headache, accompanied by photophobia. The person may lose consciousness, or paralysis may occur. As a rule, at the age of 30, a stroke is difficult to prevent, since the course of many diseases can be asymptomatic. The first signs of a stroke in a man at the age of 30 do not appear outwardly, only the patient himself can feel them: this is a feeling of pulsation and noises in the head, periodic headaches. Usually a man attributes these symptoms to severe fatigue, which ultimately leads to a stroke.
50-60 years
Strokes in men are most often observed between the ages of forty and sixty years. Age itself is a risk factor for stroke. By the age of 50, a man can greatly exhaust his body with smoking, being overweight and untreated diseases of the heart and blood vessels, which cause a stroke. The risk of developing the disease due to arterial hypertension is high. Symptoms of a stroke in an elderly man are detected through an ultrasound test (read more), or if a man has lost consciousness, an ambulance must be called.

How to quickly recognize a stroke

If you suspect that you or someone close to you is having a stroke, check it out with these simple steps:

ask the person to smile: a characteristic sign of a stroke is a “crooked” smile. In a stroke victim, the face is asymmetrical, and the corners of the mouth are raised either unevenly, or only one corner of the mouth rises;
ask a person something that suggests an answer in a few words: if a man cannot pronounce even simple words, then most likely it is a stroke;
ask to raise both hands: if the victim is unable to do this or the hands are raised asymmetrically, this is a stroke;
ask to show the tongue: during a stroke, the tongue will be unnaturally curved or deviated to the side.

If the victim is conscious, then he may complain of numbness of the limbs or the whole body, as well as dizziness. If a person tries to walk, then he staggers: this makes others think that the victim is just drunk and are in no hurry to help him.

SPD test is a simple name for a set of actions that serve to recognize a stroke. This name is deciphered as "smile, speak, raise." The stroke victim is asked to smile, then try to say a few sentences and finally raise both hands up.

Harbingers of a stroke in a man: what should be the pressure and first aid for a stroke

Harbingers of a cerebral stroke in men are factors that significantly increase the chances of a stroke.

Such factors make it possible to single out men as a special risk group.

It is worth noting that increased fatigue at work directly affects the health of a man, increasing the chances of a stroke. And it's not just about physical activity: stress or increased mental activity can also contribute to the development of the disease.

If you begin to notice sudden speech disorders and short-term memory lapses, do not rush to attribute everything to severe fatigue or your age: it is quite possible that brain cells are slowly dying due to insufficient nutrients.

Signs of a stroke in men include:

smoking for several years;
frequent consumption of alcohol and/or drugs;
elevated cholesterol levels;
cardiovascular diseases;
the presence of diabetes;
hypertension.

In this case, it is best to play it safe and consult a doctor.

If you have witnessed an attack from a stroke (or suspect that it is a stroke), then you need to provide first aid to the victim.

If you are helping a person with a stroke, remember that you are quite limited in what you can do. In case of a stroke, DO NOT attempt to transport the victim to an ambulance, sit or lay him on his back, give water or medicines on his own. Many of your actions, which seem to you saving, can only cause harm.

How to help a man with a stroke?

The first aid reminder in such cases is quite simple:

Lay on one side: regardless of the condition of the patient, it is necessary to lay him on his side and slightly raise his head. This is important, because with a stroke there may be an attack of vomiting, from which, if the victim is in the wrong position, he can choke.
Let breathe: unfasten clothing and loosen straps, remove constriction straps and other items that restrict oxygen.
Call an ambulance: you need to dial 03 or 112 from the phone and provide the address (if you do not know where you are, ask passers-by to help).

Remember to restrain your impulses to provide additional help, in addition to the items listed above.

Those who have experienced a stroke in their lives can confirm with confidence that a stroke is much easier to prevent than to try to cure its consequences.

Prevention of stroke involves the fight against factors that increase the risk of the onset of this disease. However, the most important thing is the control of blood pressure. A sharp jump in blood pressure during a stroke in men (that is, the development of arterial hypertension) is the cause of cerebral hemorrhage in 80% of cases. In turn, this can lead to a stroke.

If your pressure exceeds 140/90 mm Hg. Art., you should seriously think about your lifestyle and methods for adjusting it.

If you are hypertensive, then get a tonometer and check your pressure at least once a week, writing down the indicators in a special diary. When taking measurements, you must be in a state of calm. You need to use a tonometer at the same time of day.

Almost 80% of men who experience jumps in blood pressure are overweight. If you are obese, then you need to change your diet and do gymnastics regularly: this will help reduce cholesterol, which plays a significant role in the onset of a stroke.

It is important to limit the amount of salt and fats of animal origin in the diet: in countries with such practices, there is a marked decrease in mortality due to stroke.

Gymnastics should last at least 30 minutes and be carried out at least 5 times a week. Do not fool yourself by doing a couple of exercises with your neck: if you don’t have enough willpower to control yourself on your own, sign up for a gym with a trainer. To prevent a stroke, you need as much aerobic exercise as possible - physical activity that helps saturate the body with oxygen.

26.09.2017

Age from 20 to 30 years is resistant to diseases. Recently, statistics have changed, a few decades ago, people could not even imagine that a stroke is possible at a young age.

They are common, in 20% of cases a stroke occurs in young people. The causes of stroke at a young age are varied. Pathology changes the lives of patients. Whether it is possible to return to the usual rhythm of life after a stroke at a young age depends on the type of stroke and the extent of brain damage.

Causes

A stroke at a young age usually occurs with careless treatment of one's health, of course, in some cases, pathological processes that are not related to a person's lifestyle can also appear. Consider the most common causes of stroke in young people:

If a person has hypertension since adolescence.

A stroke can happen due to high blood pressure from adolescence

Serious consequences after infectious diseases. Often found after suffering a sore throat.
Regular severe headaches.
In girls, medications containing hormones can provoke a stroke. Usually, they are contraceptives.
hereditary predisposition.
One of the common reasons is the regular intake of drinks containing alcohol, as well as drug addiction. Under the influence of these factors, the vessels narrow or expand, which sooner or later puts them out of action.
Various degrees of obesity provoke the appearance of cholesterol and thrombotic plaques. Their presence significantly increases the risk of stroke.
Serious head injury.
Heart diseases.

It should be noted that the diagnosis of stroke at a young age is difficult. This is due to the fact that the symptoms of stroke in women and men are easily confused with intoxication of the body.

Signs of a stroke at a young age

According to statistics, stroke occurs most often in girls and women than in men. Since the symptoms of the pathological process are similar to some factors, most women go to a medical facility too late. Consider what signs may indicate a stroke in young people:

There is unreasonable nausea.

Common symptoms: Nausea and headaches

The heart rate increases significantly.
There are headaches that do not go away after taking painkillers.
There is insomnia.
Disturbed by dizziness and clouding of consciousness.
For some time, the person does not feel part of the face. There is numbness, which passes after a while on its own. In addition to the face, numbness of other parts of the body may occur.
Vision deteriorates for a short time, a person is tormented by clouding in the eyes.

In young people, nicotine and other harmful substances that are contained in tobacco smoke significantly affect the occurrence of a stroke. Nicotine and its components worsen blood circulation and some vital processes in the body. It can be concluded that smoking young people are most susceptible to stroke.

Types of stroke

In medicine, stroke is usually divided into two types. Let's take a closer look:

. This type of stroke usually occurs at a young age. The cause of the development of pathology is blood clots and plaques. The ischemic type of stroke affects some vessels in the brain.
. It occurs due to the ingress of blood into the brain structure. The hemorrhagic type of stroke occurs abruptly, it is almost impossible to prevent the disease.

Each type of stroke can proceed differently, with varying degrees of brain damage. It can be concluded that the consequences of a stroke do not at all depend on the type of pathology.

How to reduce the risk of stroke in young people

If, after a stroke, young people do not have extensive blood accumulations in the brain, then one can hope for a favorable outcome. In this case, a person may need only a few weeks to fully recover. A stroke in this case will practically not affect the usual way of life.

If a stroke occurs, that is, significant parts of the brain are damaged, a person can get a severe complication in the form of paralysis, disability. Usually, with an unfavorable outcome of a stroke, patients cannot live without outside help.

The importance of proper nutrition

Everyone should know a few simple rules, and try to follow them as much as possible throughout life. Let's take a closer look at the factors that will help reduce the risk of a pathological process:

A person should eat right, and get the maximum benefit from the food they eat per day. During the day, the patient should receive all the necessary vitamins and minerals. It is necessary to minimize junk food, which includes artificial additives and dyes. Smoked meats, spicy and fatty foods are also conditionally dangerous. Nutrition plays a huge role in preventing the development of cholesterol plaques and blood clots, which in turn provoke a stroke.
As mentioned above, one of the main causes of stroke in young women is the formation of blood clots. Many factors can affect their appearance, one of them is hormonal pills that help inhibit ovulation. Experts advise women to switch to safer measures for the body to prevent unwanted pregnancies. If, in addition to everything, a woman smokes or has problems with being overweight, the risk will increase significantly.
Excessive doses of alcohol should be avoided. If a person suffers from hypertension or overweight, alcohol should be completely abandoned.
If the pain in the head is acute and regular, you need to contact your doctor and undergo some types of diagnostics that will allow you to assess the condition of the vessels and the brain.
If young men or women have a regular increase in blood pressure with a frequency (for example, only in the mornings or evenings). The patient needs to visit a doctor and start taking drugs that will maintain normal blood pressure levels.
Do not take medications without a doctor's prescription. In the event that the drug is prescribed by a doctor, it is necessary to strictly observe the dosage and in no case exceed it.
If you have experienced a serious head injury, you need to regularly monitor your well-being. Even after a long time (6 months, a year, 2 years), it is necessary to undergo a brain tomography.
Even young people under 20 are not immune from a stroke. You can avoid the pathological process if you follow preventive measures, monitor your well-being. If you have signs similar to a stroke, you need to call an ambulance team that will take you to a medical facility for diagnosis.

Diagnostics

When contacting a doctor with symptoms of a stroke in young women and men, in addition to compiling a clinical picture, the doctor prescribes some types of the most informative diagnostics aimed at assessing the state of the brain, blood vessels, arteries and heart. The following manipulations are mandatory:

As a diagnostic, magnetic resonance imaging is prescribed

Electrocardiogram of the heart.
Ultrasound examination of the arteries with Doppler.
Blood chemistry.
Computed tomography of the brain.

If a stroke is confirmed, the patient is treated in a hospital. Treatment for a stroke depends on the type of disease and the extent of brain damage.

Effective prevention

Scientists have concluded that as a preventive measure, it is necessary to consume foods containing lycopene in their composition. Based on some experiments, scientists have found that lycopene has a positive effect on blood vessels, thins the blood, and also prevents the development of blood clots and the formation of cholesterol plaques. One of the foods rich in lycopene is tomatoes.

A similar effect has a fruit - grapefruit. As a preventive measure, you can use tomatoes not only fresh, but also as juice, paste, ketchup, and so on. The same goes for grapefruits, in addition to ingesting fresh fruits, juice or nectar can be used as food.

Scientists advise to be sure to eat foods that contain lycopene

A preventive measure is the ability to cope with problems without falling into a state of depression or stress. Under the influence of stress or a state of depression, a person is most susceptible to stroke. This has also been proven by scientists through some experiments.

Try not to use too often antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. Any medications affect the condition of the vessels, so they should be taken as prescribed by the doctor.

Stroke at a young age can be prevented if you lead the right lifestyle and do not neglect the rules of nutrition. Complications after a stroke are not comforting. In 50% of cases, a person becomes disabled. In order not to spoil your life from a young age, doctors recommend that everyone monitor their health and consult a doctor at the first symptoms.

Vascular ailments, an overdose of drugs, adversely affect the heart and brain. Stroke at a young age and its causes are rare. But many hemorrhages are caused by high blood pressure. In most cases, doctors did not recognize the causative agents of the terrible disease, even with a multifaceted examination of the patient.

Why do young people aged 20 to 40 years, apparently quite healthy, end up in hospital beds with a terrible diagnosis of stroke. Often cases end in death. All patients are tormented by a headache, reminiscent of sensations of a migraine. For some reason, a stroke in young people over the age of 25 is provoked by the same diseases as in patients of advanced age: manifestations of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, and heart rhythm disturbances.

Causes and characteristics of strokes in young people

The prevalence of juvenile disease is not massive, but it is striking that the disease affects young people from 5 to 45 years old. Stroke at this age is not recognized by doctors. They mistake it for a migraine, drunkenness, loss of coordination due to dizziness.

Newborns also fall into the sad statistics. Their symptoms are convulsions. Boys suffer more from stroke at this age. Doctors attribute the causes of the disease to a lack of oxygen during childbirth. Such patients were diagnosed with heart defects, damage to the cerebral artery. This condition is typical with a genetic predisposition, infection (meningitis).

In young patients, the elimination of consequences is faster than in adults. Vessels are better restored, because the body is still young. If you do not interrupt treatment and take preventive measures, the disease will not recur.

In young people, stroke occurs for the following reasons:

Tendency to hypertension.
Anomalies in the development of the cardiovascular system.
Carotid injury.
Thrombosis or increased blood clotting.
Migraine.
Inflammatory processes in the body.
Infections.
Tumor.
Heredity.
Taking hormonal pills.
Smoking and drinking in large doses.

Youth who are addicted to drugs are most prone to strokes. Even if a person tried the potion and did not use it constantly, problems with the vessels of the brain are possible in the future. The most common causes of the disease are problems with blood pressure.

Stroke can be diagnosed using computed tomography, studying the blood circulation of the brain. One of the main indicators of the development of the disease is frequent or persistent migraines. In this case, only a neuropathologist can say, based on the results of the examination, whether there is cause for concern. Examine the blood for various indicators, up to bilirubin, take a urine test. In addition to tomography, ultrasound examinations of blood vessels are performed.

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Types and symptoms of the disease

At any age, such a type of ailment as an apoplexy can manifest itself. This disruption of the brain is characterized by the death of brain tissue cells. This causes deviations in its functioning.

Among the varieties are ischemic stroke (insufficient blood supply to the brain) and hemorrhagic (hemorrhage due to hypertension). Any of the types of the disease can manifest itself in a person at a young age.

Symptoms:

Sharp pain in the head.
Negative reaction to light.
Loss of consciousness.
Paralysis.
Speech disorders.

Experts have identified another disturbing feature: for a long time they may not declare themselves, proceeding in a hidden way, without causing concern to patients. What a person at the age of 27 will take for ordinary fatigue and the result of lack of sleep may be the first sign of a dangerous illness. All the symptoms characteristic of a stroke in the younger generation practically do not differ from the manifestations of the same disease in people of advanced age.

Young people are also diagnosed with other diseases by symptoms similar to a stroke. Injuries also lead to such consequences. The hematomas formed as a result of them disrupt the normal supply of blood vessels. This results in a stroke. The hematoma can grow or vice versa, resolve. In any case, this process must be controlled.

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How to live after a stroke

If the arteries were damaged, then the person recovers quickly and recovers soon. But if there was extensive damage to the vessels of the brain, speech and motor system disorders are possible. In this case, recovery takes a long time.

A stroke patient should not lose sight of the fact that it was caused by certain factors. If you identify them, you can successfully deal with the prevention of seizures in the future. includes:

With increased blood clotting, quit smoking, do not take hormonal pills (contraceptives).
Don't drink alcohol.
Avoid eating fatty foods.
Start to remove, as early as possible, a migraine attack or just a headache.
Control your blood pressure and keep it within the normal range.
Examine the vessels every six months (tomography).
Stick to a diet recommended by a specialist.
Take medicines (only prescribed by a doctor) that lower cholesterol.

If you have short-term numbness of your arms or legs, speech slows down, you cannot formulate a thought quickly and clearly, do not wait until these signs turn into irreversible processes, even if they were short-lived. A stroke comes suddenly, but if a person has noticed the above-described messengers, you can avoid an attack in time by contacting a doctor.

You should eat right and lead a healthy lifestyle. If you are between 20 and 45 years old, you do not have congenital pathologies of cerebral vessels, you do not smoke, you are not obese, you do not suffer from frequent headaches, there is no reason for concern.

Only when a person himself realizes the importance of contacting specialists, even with banal fatigue and frequent migraines, can the disease be prevented. Often such trips to therapists turn out to be groundless, but it is better to prevent than to treat later.

Recently, stroke in young people is increasingly manifested. This terrible phenomenon is found in people at a fairly young age and baffles many scientists who study this problem.

The disease appears unexpectedly in people who were not carriers of obvious chronic diseases, and this often leads to misdiagnosis, and the urgency of taking action is the only chance for salvation. A stroke in young people seems so unlikely that multiple sclerosis, infections of the nervous system (anything but not a true pathology) can be diagnosed. All this causes increased attention to the problem and makes us look at many processes in the human body in a new way.

Essence of stroke

In general, a stroke is an unexpected, abrupt violation of cerebral circulation, causing local or extensive neurological pathologies. The main types of stroke are infarction (ischemia) of the brain, cerebral and. According to the rate of development, a transient disorder (development during the day) and when the phenomenon regresses within 20-25 days are divided.

Ischemia is due to narrowing and thrombosis of the blood arteries. As a result of this pathology, brain cells, not receiving the required amount of oxygen and nutrients, die. The ischemic nature of stroke in people under the age of 40 is slightly more than 40% of all cases of diagnosed disease.

Stroke in young people often develops according to the hemorrhagic type (intracerebral and subarachnoid outpouring of blood). Such a pathology can occur as a result of diapedesis or rupture of blood vessels. In the first case, the permeability of the walls of the vessels is caused by a violation of the stenotic tissue, which becomes permeable to plasma and red blood cells. The process is greatly enhanced in arterial hypertension and hypertensive crises.

The outpouring of blood in the subarachnoid region most often occurs as a result of an aneurysm rupture or traumatic injury to the skull. The risk group includes active smokers and drug addicts. The location of such a focus is most often localized in the lower zones of the brain due to rupture of cerebral vessels. Accumulation of blood mass on the basal part of the legs, bridge, lobes of the temple can be detected. Much less often, pathology is detected in the upper lateral zone. But when it appears, intense hemorrhage is possible in the direction of large furrows.

Symptoms of the disease

Symptoms of a stroke appear depending on the type of lesion: extensive or local (focal) lesion. The main signs of a massive stroke:

intense headache, accompanied by nausea, and sometimes vomiting;
drowsiness or excessive agitation;
dizziness with short-term periodic loss of consciousness;
loss of ability to navigate in space and time;
increased heartbeat;
increased sweating;
dry mouth;
sensation of heat in the whole body in the absence of fever.

With local damage to the brain, they depend on the area in which the focus is located, that is, on which reflexes the affected area of the brain is responsible for.

Common to any localization are a severe headache with nausea and dizziness with periodic loss of consciousness. To them are added specific features:

When the areas responsible for the motor function are affected, the limb is immobilized (up to paralysis), and sensitivity is lost.
When areas that are supplied with blood through the carotid artery are affected, muscle weakness, impaired speech coherence, blurred vision in one eye, and increased pulsation of the carotid artery are observed.
With the defeat of the areas responsible for the coordination of the position of the body, there are fuzzy gait, loss of balance, severe vomiting, intense dizziness, visual hallucinations and impaired visual function.

Causes

The most common causes of stroke in young people are the formation of aneurysms (sac-like growths on the walls of arteries), blood clots, and the appearance of a violation of the structure of stenotic tissues. Such defects are related to blockage of blood vessels, their infiltration or rupture:

genetic predisposition. Many researchers have proven an increase as a result of the additive effect of a number of genes under the influence of external factors. At a young age, a significant increase in the genetic factor during smoking was noticed. In the process of biological interaction of genetic polymorphism and a number of risk factors, synergistic combinations arise that significantly increase the likelihood of ischemia before the age of 30 years. The main risk factors in this case include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and drug use.
Cardiological pathologies. Cardiac disorders caused by congenital or acquired malformations are one of the main generators of stroke in young people. The main sources of risk are defects in the heart chambers and valves, as well as paradoxical cardiac embolism. A serious risk arises in the presence of an aneurysm of the interatrial septum, an open oval window, pathology of the Eustachian valve and other defects.
Dissection of the cervical arteries. Almost a fifth of strokes in young people (including children) are caused by dissection of the cervical arteries as a result of a longitudinal rupture of the vessel wall. An important cause of this pathology is injury to the carotid artery due to excessive abduction of the head to the side and other sudden movements. Provoking factors may be fibromuscular dysplasia, hereditary defects in the connective tissue and bone of the cervical system, arteritis.
Violations of the composition of the blood and the immune mechanism. One of the most common causes of stroke in young people is hematological changes. Among these pathologies, the following factors are distinguished: primary (antithrombin deficiency, resistance to protein C, deviations in the fibrinolytic system, homocystinuria, the appearance of lupus anticoagulants in the blood, protein deficiency), secondary (pregnancy and the period after childbirth, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, nephropathic syndrome, etc.). d.). Antiphospholipid syndrome is an indicator of a violation of the immune mechanism, in which the production of antibodies begins, causing coagulation changes and a number of other clinical manifestations: thrombosis, spontaneous abortions in women.
Hyperhomocysteinemia. An increase in homocysteine levels increases the risk of stroke at a young age, especially in the area of large arteries. Foods fortified with folic acid (for example, cereals) significantly reduce its degree.
Vasculitis. A stroke can develop as a result of the appearance of vasculitis that occurs in infectious diseases: meningitis, aspergillosis, rickettsiosis, etc. Systemic diseases can become a source of vasculitis: lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, and some others.
Drugs, alcohol and smoking. An increase in the risk of strokes has been recorded with the use of drugs, especially cocaine and amphetamines. The frequency of the disease increases with the use of cannabinoids, opioids, hallucinogens. A direct relationship was found with alcohol abuse. Smoking is often the trigger.