What threatens the low location of the placenta during pregnancy. What threatens the presence of low placenta previa during pregnancy. The normal location of the placenta during pregnancy - what is it

22.07.2019

The female body is strikingly different from the male. This statement is well known, but not every person can imagine how much they differ. But in the female body, if necessary, new organs appear, and when the need for them disappears, they disappear without a trace. Incredible, right?

The situation requiring such amazing abilities from a woman is simple and obvious - pregnancy. This period is characterized by the development of even 2 temporary organs: the corpus luteum and the placenta. True, they do not appear simultaneously, but sequentially.

Both of these organs are of great importance for the development of the baby and the maintenance of pregnancy. And, unfortunately, both of them can have different pathologies. This is a detachment of the placenta, and a different number of vessels on the umbilical cord, and a low-lying placenta. The latter, by the way, is the most common. What does low placenta mean? The question is complex, first you need to understand what the placenta is.

Even before the onset of pregnancy, in the middle of the menstrual cycle, the corpus luteum begins to develop - the organ responsible for the production of progesterone, which is necessary to prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg, as well as for the very implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. The corpus luteum is formed at the site of the follicle that released a mature egg into the fallopian tube.

The further fate of the corpus luteum depends on whether conception has occurred or not. If the egg has not been fertilized, then it comes out with the blood during menstruation, and the corpus luteum gradually degrades, that is, it dissolves. If fertilization occurs, then the corpus luteum remains active for another 4 months - until the completion of the development of the placenta.

And where does the placenta come from and why is it needed? The placenta develops after implantation of the ovum. By this time, it already has a decent supply of cells, which, after implantation, are divided into 2 parts: from one the fetus will subsequently develop, from the other - the membranes and, in fact, the placenta. An interesting detail: the male part of the ovum DNA is responsible for the development of the placenta and membranes.

The placenta fully develops only by the 16th week of pregnancy. From that time on, it was she who began to produce progesterone instead of the corpus luteum. In addition, it is the placenta that is the natural barrier between the body of the mother and the child, it filters out all toxins, medicines, and other substances that are not very useful for the fetus from the blood entering the fetus.

By the way, the exchange itself between the two organisms occurs precisely through the placenta. As you can see, the importance of the placenta for maintaining pregnancy is difficult to overestimate.

Types of placenta location

Usually the placenta is attached on the back wall of the uterus closer to its bottom ... It is worth noting that the uterus is an inverted vessel, and its bottom is located on top. This is the most optimal location for the placenta. However, this is not always the case. In some cases, the placenta is attached to the anterior wall. Which is also not a pathology.

Low location of the placenta during pregnancy is much more dangerous. If the placenta is located low, it is subjected to stronger pressure from the fetus, and with any external influence, the risk of damage to the placenta or its detachment increases. In addition, in the later stages, an actively moving child can also damage the placenta, or squeeze the umbilical cord.

Another disadvantage of the low location of the placenta is that the lower part of the uterus is not as well supplied with blood as its bottom. All this is fraught with fetal hypoxia - an acute lack of oxygen. Low is such an arrangement of the placenta when there is less than 6 cm between its lower edge and the pharynx of the uterus.

If the placenta is located low, but along the back of the uterus , then most likely the situation will straighten out on its own, and the placenta migrates to a higher position. The anterior wall has a great tendency to stretch, and migration is also typical for it, however, the direction of migration is the opposite: usually the placenta moves the other way round, down to the cervix.

An even more complex and dangerous pathology of the location of the placenta is its partial or complete presentation. Presentation is a condition when the placenta partially or completely obstructs the pharynx of the uterus.

Low location reasons

A low placenta during pregnancy can be due to a variety of reasons. Most often - of various kinds damage to the mucous layer of the uterus... It can be inflammation, and infectious diseases, and the consequences of previous abortions and miscarriages, especially if curettage has taken place. Scars on the uterus after cesarean and other gynecological operations can also prevent the ovum from fixing in the upper part of the uterus.

The reason for the low location of the placenta during pregnancy can be and pathology of uterine development, including underdevelopment of the uterus or its irregular shape. In addition, a low placenta occurs in multiple pregnancies.

Symptoms of the low location of the placenta

As a rule, a low-lying placenta does not report any symptoms. In some cases, pulling pain in the lower abdomen or bleeding... However, this is already a symptom of placental abruption, and not just low placentation.

This pathology can only be detected during an ultrasound examination. Accordingly, it is more than necessary to undergo an ultrasound scan for pregnant women in a timely manner.

Treatment and prevention of low placentation

What if your placenta is low? The recommendations are pretty simple. First of all, don't worry too much. For the most part, women with this pathology carry a child without problems and give birth to him on their own. To do this, it is usually enough to listen to the doctor and do whatever he says. Well, excess excitement is unlikely to have a positive effect on pregnancy.

With a low placenta, full refusal to have sex, and also have to avoid excessive physical exertion. You will not be able to run, jump, lift weights. The reasons for refusing to have sex are not clear to everyone, but everything is quite simple. With this pathology, the placenta is very close to the cervix, sometimes 2-3 cm, and rhythmic tremors, tension, contraction of the uterus during orgasm can cause placenta detachment. The same goes for physical activity.

Make a habit put a pillow under your feet when you lie down. And, of course, do not miss planned visits to the doctor, and if the gynecologist advises you to go to save, do not neglect this advice.

What can be done to prevent low placenta placement? First of all, you need avoid abortion and miscarriages. In addition, it is very important to treat all infectious and inflammatory processes in a timely manner and even before pregnancy. Unfortunately, we cannot fix the design features of the uterus.

However, a low placenta is not a cause for panic. Firstly, even with such a pathology, it is easy to endure the child without harmful consequences, and secondly, until the 34th week, the location of the placenta is not stable. It can easily change to a more favorable one. So, if you have been diagnosed with a "low placenta", you need to tune in to the best and follow the doctor's recommendations, then everything will be in order: the baby will be born on time, naturally and without complications.

Replies

The placenta or baby's place is an organ that appears at 12-14 weeks of pregnancy, the functions of which are to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the unborn child, protect it from harmful factors and synthesize hormones. This structure is formed from the chorion - the primary fetal membrane. Normally, the placenta should be located in the upper part of the uterus - at its bottom, going onto the anterior, posterior or lateral wall.

Low placentation during pregnancy- pathology in which the organ does not reach the uterine pharynx (the opening connecting the uterus and its cervix), but is located at a distance of no more than 7 centimeters from it. Usually, this diagnosis is made at 20-22 weeks of gestation using ultrasound at the second screening. The low location of the child's seat is dangerous because various complications can arise against its background.

The mechanism of development of low placentation

7-8 days after conception, the ovum enters the uterine cavity, where it is attached to one of its walls. Normally, the embryo should be implanted in the upper part of the organ. Physiological is the position of the ovum in the area of the fundus of the uterus, but it can be located on the front, back, right or left side. If the embryo is fixed in the region of the lower segment, obstetricians-gynecologists talk about.

By about 14 weeks of gestation, the placenta is formed from the chorion, the place of attachment of which depends on the primary implantation of the ovum. However, the uterus grows during the entire period of gestation, so sometimes the wrong position of the membranes can become physiological by the middle or end of pregnancy.

Low placentation along the anterior wall is the most favorable variant of pathology, since due to the muscles of the press, the outer uterine wall stretches well, and the child's place moves with it.

If the placenta is located on the back of the organ, the chances of its normal position towards the end of pregnancy are slightly lower. This is due to the fact that there is a spine behind the uterus, which prevents it from stretching too much.

The low location of the placenta should be distinguished from its presentation. The second diagnosis has the same etiology and developmental mechanism, but is a more severe variant of the first. Placenta previa is a pathology in which the baby's place enters the uterine pharynx. Experts distinguish full and partial presentation.

With full presentation, the placenta completely overlaps the uterine pharynx. Pathology is accompanied by multiple and frequent complications; if it is detected, natural childbirth is impossible. With full placenta previa, its upward migration is almost never found.

With partial presentation, the child's place enters the uterine pharynx, but does not completely overlap it. Such a diagnosis has a more favorable outcome: migration of the child's place upward is possible, complications are less common, in some situations, delivery is possible in a natural way.

Causes of low placentation

Specialists are not always able to establish the exact cause of incorrect implantation of the ovum in a particular woman. Sometimes the development of low placentation occurs spontaneously without the presence of predisposing factors. However, doctors identify several reasons for incorrect embryo implantation. Most of them are associated with pathologies of the uterus, due to which the ovum cannot gain a foothold in the right place:

congenital anomalies in the development of the organ;
chronic inflammatory process (endometritis, sexually transmitted infections, etc.);
scar on the uterus as a result of surgery;
benign and malignant neoplasms;
damage to the uterine wall after abortion or curettage.

Sometimes low placentation is associated with abnormalities of the embryo - its chromosomal mutations, as a result of which it cannot gain a foothold in a physiological place. Also, pathology occurs against the background of severe extragenital diseases, especially with lesions of the circulatory and urinary system. Low placentation can be observed when carrying twins, when the chorion of one of the embryos grows in the lower segment of the uterus due to lack of space.

Danger of low placentation

By itself, low placentation does not affect the well-being of the mother, the danger of this pathology lies in possible complications. The most common consequence of an abnormal position of the child's seat is vaginal bleeding. With low placentation, red discharge usually occurs after 30 weeks of pregnancy, but sometimes it does not bother the woman at all. In more severe cases, uterine bleeding may appear at 23-24 weeks of gestation.

The reason for bleeding with incorrect placentation is that the lower segment of the uterus is greatly stretched due to the increase in the weight of the fetus. The child's seat does not have time to adapt to the stretching of the muscle wall, as a result of which micro-detachment occurs. Its development is accompanied by the exposure of the vessel, which leads to the release of blood from it.

Bleeding with low placentation has distinctive features. They almost always appear suddenly, without physical or emotional stress. Such bleeding is often observed at night. With a low placentation, the discharge is scarlet and is not accompanied by pain. Bleeding tends to recur constantly.

Against the background of bleeding, concomitant complications sometimes occur - a drop in blood pressure and anemia. They impair the blood supply to the fetus, which can provoke hypoxia - oxygen starvation. Also, hypotension and anemia worsen the well-being and performance of the expectant mother.

Attention! Low placentation may not manifest itself in any way in the first half of pregnancy, sometimes until the very end of the gestation period, so expectant mothers should not miss scheduled ultrasound examinations.

In severe chronic hypoxia, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal development develops. With this pathology, the unborn child lags behind in weight and length from their “peers” by two or more weeks of gestational age. Intrauterine growth retardation and fetal development can provoke congenital pathologies of the nervous system and other organs, as well as death in the postpartum period.

The abnormal position of the placenta sometimes causes malposition- transverse (when the fetus is located transversely to the vertical axis of the uterus) and oblique (when the fetus is located at an acute angle to the vertical axis of the uterus). With the listed pathologies, it is impossible to give birth to a child without surgery. Also, low placentation can provoke breech presentation - a position in which the fetus is born with the buttocks or legs, which complicates the course of natural childbirth and often requires a cesarean section.

The most dangerous complication of low placentation is or premature birth. They are observed as a result of the detachment of a large area of the child's place. The complication is accompanied by shortening of the length of the cervix, opening of the internal and external pharynx and the onset of labor.

Marina Aist - low placentation and the location of the placenta is normal:

Symptoms of low placentation

Quite often, low placentation does not manifest itself in any way for a long time. The main and only possible symptom of this pathology is bleeding, which has the following characteristics:

scarlet;
not accompanied by pain;
is not a consequence of physical activity;
more often observed at night and at rest;
tends to relapse.

If the discharge from the uterus is red, accompanied by cramping pains, they are a sign of premature termination of pregnancy. Indirect symptoms of low placentation arising in response to repeated blood loss are constant weakness, decreased performance, “flies” before the eyes, fatigue.

If any bleeding from the vagina occurs, a woman should see a doctor immediately. The specialist conducts differential diagnostics, prescribes treatment, and, if indicated, carries out emergency delivery.

Diagnostics

Currently low placentation is diagnosed by ultrasound when detecting the localization of the child's place near the uterine pharynx at a distance of 7 centimeters and below. Ultrasound at 19-21 weeks of gestation reveals this pathology in 2-3% of pregnant women. However, over time, the placenta can rise and return to its normal position in the uterine cavity by the time of delivery.

On ultrasound, doctors may notice indirect signs of low placentation. These include the wrong position of the fetus - oblique and transverse, as well as breech presentation. With a low position of the placenta, the unborn child in the last weeks of pregnancy cannot descend to the uterine pharynx, it is higher than normal, which can be seen on ultrasound.

A woman with identified low placentation should visit a doctor at regular intervals to monitor the dynamics of pathology. If there is a history of bleeding, the obstetrician-gynecologist should direct the expectant mother to have a blood test for iron and clotting indicators.

Low placentation treatment

With an established diagnosis and in the absence of bleeding, a woman needs careful monitoring. If necessary, she is prescribed iron preparations, which prevent the development of anemia. While at home, the expectant mother should follow a sparing regimen until the end of pregnancy.

With a low location of the placenta of the expectant mother sex life is strictly prohibited... She should also exclude physical and emotional stress, allocate a sufficient amount of time to sleep. A pregnant woman needs to eat properly and in a balanced way, including lean meat, fish, vegetables, herbs, fruits, cereals, black bread, vegetable oil in the diet.

If bleeding occurs, a woman should immediately go to the hospital, where she will be assigned emergency treatment. The expectant mother is prescribed an oxygen mask, a dropper with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. This therapy helps stop bleeding and replace fluid loss from the bloodstream.

If these measures do not have the desired effect, doctors prescribe more serious drugs that stop blood loss. When this does not help to eliminate the bleeding, the woman is shown an emergency delivery by caesarean section.

Childbirth with low placentation is most often carried out naturally. During them, a woman should be under the close supervision of a doctor, since at any time she may develop bleeding. Often during childbirth, obstetricians-gynecologists resort to artificial opening of the fetal bladder. Indications for cesarean section are recurrent uterine bleeding with a volume of more than 200 ml, severe simultaneous blood loss and general contraindications to natural childbirth (abnormal fetal position, clinically narrow pelvis, etc.).

Prophylaxis

Incorrect attachment of the placenta quite often occurs due to a violation of the normal structure of the uterine lining. Therefore, for the prevention of this pathology, expectant mothers are advised to plan pregnancy and avoid abortion. Also, women should promptly treat infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.

When performing a cesarean section, it is necessary to give preference to incisions in the lower uterine segment and, if possible, avoid corporal surgery (when the incision is made along the midline of the abdomen).

Since the cause of low placentation may be abnormalities of the ovum, the expectant mother should plan for conception. Before pregnancy, a woman is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle - to play sports, not to have bad habits, to eat right and balanced.

The placenta is the most important link between the mother's body and the fetus developing inside it. The placenta begins to form almost immediately after the embryo is attached to the inner wall of the female uterus. During pregnancy, through the placenta, the fetus is supplied with oxygen and essential nutrients, and it is also protected from all sorts of negative external influences. In most cases, the placenta is located at the fundus of the uterus - in this part of the organ, the most suitable conditions are created to ensure normal placental blood flow.

However, in some cases (about 15-20% of the total), patients have pathologies in the development of the placenta. So, if a fertilized egg is fixed in the area of the lower part of the female uterus, in the process of further formation of the placenta, the latter can block the baby's birth canal. In such a situation - if the distance between the lower edge of the placenta and the pharynx of the uterus is less than 5-6 cm - we are talking about low placentation, often diagnosed at the 21st week of the term.

Next, you are invited to familiarize yourself with the basic information about the pathology in question, the reasons for its appearance, recommendations for behavior when diagnosing a low placenta and the characteristics of delivery in patients with a similar deviation.

It is known that after fertilization of a female egg with a male sperm, a fertilized egg is formed. To successfully transform into a full-fledged person, he needs to find a suitable place for implantation in the internal cavity of the mother's uterus. Normally, such places are the back wall or the bottom of the organ.

Along with this, under the influence of various kinds of factors, the embryo can be implanted in some other place. This usually happens when the embryo simply does not have time to get to its destination.

As noted, low placentation comes into play if the placenta is 5-6 cm below the internal pharynx. Increasing in size, a low-lying placenta can simply block the birth canal, which prevents natural delivery.

However, during pregnancy, the situation often changes for the better. As the child grows, the uterus also increases in size, as a result of which the placenta attachment also rises, and the threat to the fetus decreases.

Under any circumstances, when diagnosing low placentation, a woman should be under qualified medical supervision, because This pathology in rare cases leads to the occurrence of some complications, for example, placental abruption, fetal hypoxia, etc.

In accordance with the average statistical data, in multiparous women, low placentation is observed more often than in patients with the first pregnancy. For the timely detection of pathology and taking measures to improve the condition of the woman and the fetus, the pregnant woman should regularly undergo an ultrasound scan. The specific frequency of research will be determined by the doctor. Typically, they are done between 12-16, 22-25, and 32-34 weeks.

The main reasons for the development of the deviation

To date, there is no consensus among doctors about the reasons for the development of low placentation. In general, a variety of factors can lead to the onset of pathology, including:

diseases of the cardiovascular system;
diseases of an infectious and inflammatory nature;
pathology of the uterus (fibroids, underdevelopment);
previously transferred artificial termination of pregnancy;
multiple pregnancy;
pathology of the endometrial mucosa (often occurs after an incorrectly performed cesarean section, when an infection enters the uterus).

Patients with low placentation should adhere to the following recommendations:

Important! Throughout pregnancy, women need to be more careful about their vaginal discharge. If there is blood in these, you should definitely consult a doctor, because this could be a sign of low placentation.

Considering the dangers of this pathology, it should be noted that due to the insufficient number of vessels in the lower part of the uterus, the fetus begins to receive less oxygen and the nutrients it needs.

As the child grows and its activity increases, due to the low location of the placenta, the pressure on it begins to increase, which can lead to bleeding or even detachment.

The small distance between the placenta and the pharynx can provoke partial or even complete overlap of the latter, which in some cases is fraught with miscarriage.

Currently, there are no 100% effective medications that can solve the problem of low placentation. Previously, there were recommendations on behavior for women with a similar problem. Some of them deserve more detailed consideration.

So, many patients are interested in why, when a low placentation is found, it is necessary to refrain from physical activity and sexual intercourse. Everything is extremely simple: under the influence of strong loads on the body, bleeding may occur. For the same reason, women are advised to avoid any sudden movements, minimize the use of public transport and even go to bed with extreme care, smoothly and slowly.

In general, patients with diagnosed low placentation are strongly advised to adhere to bed rest and sometimes tocolytics are prescribed - drugs that help reduce tone.

Drugs that doctors often prescribe for low placentation (table). Attention! Before use, a specialist consultation is required!

	pharmachologic effect	Indication for use	Release form	Price
Curantil	Myotropic vasodilator. Has an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, improves microcirculation.	- prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease (acute myocardial infarction or condition after myocardial infarction, stable angina pectoris); - prevention of thrombosis after valve replacement surgery; - treatment and prevention of placental insufficiency resulting from impaired placental circulation; - treatment of endarteritis (intermittent claudication); - treatment and prevention of circulatory disorders of the vessels of the brain (HNMK, ischemic cerebrovascular accident, discirculatory encephalopathy); - treatment of vascular insufficiency and microcirculation disorders.	Coated tablets from yellow to greenish-yellow color, round in shape with a smooth uniform surface.	181 r
Actovegin	Actovegin has a pronounced antihypoxic effect, stimulates the activity of enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation, increases the exchange of energy-rich phosphates, accelerates the breakdown of lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate; normalizes pH, enhances blood circulation, intensifies energy-intensive processes of regeneration and repair, improves tissue trophism.	Pills Complex therapy of metabolic and vascular disorders of the brain (various forms of cerebral circulation insufficiency, dementia, TBI); peripheral (arterial and venous) vascular disorders and their consequences (angiopathy, trophic ulcers); diabetic polyneuropathy.	Solution for infusion: clear, colorless to slightly yellow solution. Solution for injection: clear, yellowish, practically free of particles. Pills.	about 515 rubles
Magne-B6	Magne B6 is a magnesium preparation. Magnesium is a vital element that is found in all tissues of the body and is necessary for the normal functioning of cells, participates in most metabolic reactions. In particular, it is involved in the regulation of the transmission of nerve impulses and in muscle contraction. The body gets magnesium from food. A lack of magnesium in the body can be observed when the diet is disturbed (including when observing reduction diets) or when the need for magnesium increases (with increased physical and mental stress, stress, pregnancy, use of diuretics).	Established magnesium deficiency, isolated or associated with other deficiency conditions, accompanied by symptoms such as: - Increased irritability. - Minor sleep disturbances. - Gastrointestinal cramps. - Cardiopalmus. - Increased fatigue. - Pain and muscle spasms. - Tingling sensation in the muscles. If after a month of treatment there is no improvement in these symptoms, continued treatment is impractical.	Magne B6 tablets. Magne B6 oral solution. Magne B6 forte tablets.	447 - 631 rubles.
Gynipral	In connection with the influence on the 6a2-adrenergic receptors of the uterus, it has a tocolytic (relaxing the muscles of the uterus) effect. Corresponds to the drug hexoprenaline.	It is used as a tocolytic agent with the threat of premature birth (in the third trimester of pregnancy), with acute intrauterine fetal asphyxia (impaired blood supply to the fetus), during childbirth (with discoordinated labor - improper contractions of the uterus during childbirth), to suppress uterine contractions before surgery intervention (incision of the cervix, cesarean section)	In ampoules containing 0.025 mg or 0.01 mg each; tablets of 0.5 mg.	From 175,00 rub. up to RUB 267.00
Isoxuprine (Isoxsuprine)	It has a tocolytic (relaxing the muscles of the uterus) effect by stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors. Reduces the tone of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels of skeletal muscles, eliminates spasm (sharp narrowing of the lumen) of the vessels, increases the blood supply to tissues	Threat of premature birth, obliterating endarteritis (inflammation of the inner lining of the arteries of the extremities with a decrease in their lumen), Raynaud's disease (narrowing of the lumen of the vessels of the extremities), spasm of peripheral vessels	Tablets of 0.02 g of isoxsuprine hydrochloride in a package of 50 pieces; solution for injection (in 1 ml 5 mg of isoxsuprine hydrochloride) in 2 ml ampoules in a package of 6 pieces	-

Low placenta and labor

The order of delivery is determined by the individual characteristics of a particular situation. In about 90% of cases, the location of the placenta normalizes by itself and, in the absence of various kinds of obstetric pathologies and the patient's normal well-being, the child is born in a natural way. During childbirth, specialists constantly monitor the woman's well-being, the amount of blood lost, pulse, pressure, fetal condition and other significant parameters.

If the placenta is located more than 6 cm from the cervix, no complications should arise. With a smaller distance, the fetal bladder, as a rule, is opened by a specialist beforehand. The doctor presses the placenta with the baby's head, which prevents the first from exfoliating.

If by the end of the term the distance between the placenta and the internal pharynx is less than 2 cm, delivery is usually carried out by caesarean section. Also, this procedure is resorted to in case of heavy bleeding or other complications.

Thus, low placentation, although it is a rather serious pathology, with constant and qualified monitoring by specialists and the observance of the recommendations by the pregnant woman, childbirth usually takes place without significant complications and a healthy baby is born.

Respond in a timely manner to adverse changes in your condition, follow medical recommendations and be healthy!

Video - Low placentation during pregnancy 21 weeks

screening, a pregnant woman may hear the diagnosis "low placenta" or "low placenta". Typically, this diagnosis raises many fears and concerns. What is the danger of such a diagnosis, what lifestyle is shown before childbirth, what options for delivery, what it depends on.

What is low placentation in pregnant women

Sometimes the placenta develops slightly lower than it should be, the location of the placenta is considered low, closer than 5.5-6 cm from the internal os of the uterus to the lower edge of the placenta. This condition can be dangerous during pregnancy.

Note. The low location of the placenta can also be called low placenta.

With a low location, as the fetus grows, it exerts more and more pressure on the placenta, the risks of external influence on it or premature placental abruption increase.

In the later stages, with a low-located placenta, there is a risk of the fetus clamping the umbilical cord and damage to the placenta due to active movements. In addition, the lower segments of the uterus are poorly supplied with blood in comparison with the day of the uterus, which is fraught with the formation of fetal hypoxia.

It should be understood that the diagnosis of "low placenta" or "low placentation", made before 30-34 (and sometimes up to 36) weeks of pregnancy, is not a definitive diagnosis. The placenta can move (below about placental migration), the walls of the uterus stretch unevenly, and there is a high probability that by 34 weeks the placenta will be higher than 5-6 cm from the internal os of the uterus. Moreover, if the diagnosis was made, even in the early stages, a pregnant woman should follow certain lifestyle recommendations and be examined regularly (as prescribed by the doctor).

If the location of the placenta after 34 weeks remains low, then there is a risk that childbirth will be through. But, in fairness, it should be noted that most women just need more attention from the obstetrician. Also, constant monitoring of the state of the fetus and the contractile activity of the uterus will be carried out.

Placental migration with low placentation

During pregnancy, the placenta slightly changes its thickness and total volume, this is due to the fact that some parts of the placenta grow, while others atrophy (decrease), thereby changing the type of placenta and its localization.

The low location of the placenta is often detected early, but as the fetus grows and the size of the uterus increases, it grows, rising closer to the bottom of the uterus. As a rule, closer to the time of delivery, the baby seat is in the correct position. This happens when the placenta is attached to the back wall.

The anterior wall has greater extensibility, but a low attachment of the placenta along the anterior wall is more dangerous.

When the placenta is located along the anterior wall, and only with this, a conditional downward migration of the placenta can occur. This happens due to the fact that the front wall is more extensible, and if the back wall stretches in the direction from the neck and up to the bottom, then the front wall - from the center, and to the sides, and to the bottom and to the cervix. Therefore, a sort of "prolapse of the placenta" can occur, that is, the uterus itself will stretch upward, while the placenta will remain close to the cervix.

This will be the prerequisites for the formation of a low placentation, or even.

Causes of low placentation

Under normal conditions, in young and healthy women, the placenta is fixed in its normal position. The reasons for low placentation are usually trouble inside the uterus:

inflammatory processes of the walls of the uterus;
infectious lesions of the walls of the uterus;
consequences and abortion;
scraping of the uterus;
scars after cesarean section;
stitches after operations;
uterine fibroids;
underdevelopment of the uterus, two-horned, saddle uterus, infantile uterus;
multiple pregnancy;
mom's age is over 30-35 years old.

Feelings with low placentation

Most often, low placentation does not manifest itself externally and by sensations. Sometimes it can also occur in the lower back or "bleeding". The latter is a sign of placental abruption in a small area. Therefore, it is so important to inform your doctor about the appearance of even the smallest bleeding.

Low placentation is more often detected during planned or additional ultrasound.

What threatens low placentation during pregnancy

In most cases, in the third trimester, the placenta rises and expectant mothers do not have a trace of past experiences.

If the placenta is low at the first ultrasound scan at 12-16 weeks, there are no pods for excitement. Most likely, as the uterus grows, the placenta will change its position and rise up. At the same time, the process of bearing a fetus is not disturbed, and childbirth takes place on its own. Without any complications.
If a low placentation is detected within 20 weeks, you also should not worry, it is from this period that the active growth of the fetus will begin and the placenta will rise higher.
If low placentation is detected after 30 weeks, additional monitoring will be required. But also do not worry too much, because the placenta can migrate up to 34-36 weeks inclusive.

It is important to remember that if, during the second control ultrasound screening up to 20 weeks, the sonologist ascertains the location of the placenta, then this does not mean anything. We remember that the placenta grows up to 36 weeks.

The very fact of low placentation is not a cause for concern, especially during the first half of pregnancy. This is just a hint for the observing doctor to understand that this pregnancy has its own individual characteristics.

A very low location of the placenta with the formation of a partial or complete presentation will become causes for excitement. Again, the doctor, based on the results of the ultrasound and your condition, will tell you exactly how low the placenta is and what the prognosis is.

If after 36 weeks of pregnancy the position of the placenta has not returned to normal, then at 38 weeks the woman is hospitalized in a hospital and is under the supervision of doctors.

Once again, in most cases, there is no reason to worry.

With low placentation, it is prohibited

If a low-lying placenta is found, it is necessary to monitor the situation in dynamics, for this it makes sense to do a control ultrasound scan at 24-26 and 34-36 weeks.

Avoid physical activity, tension of the anterior abdominal wall, running and jumping. This leads to contractions of the walls of the uterus and their tension, which increases the risk of placental abruption.
Maximum rest, frequent, extended rest, you must get enough sleep.
Lifting weights, sudden movements and jerking is prohibited.
A harmonious mental state, the expectant mother should be relaxed and calm. Stress is absolutely contraindicated!
For night and day sleep, for rest, it is worth putting a pillow under your feet so that they are slightly above the level of the pelvis.

Sex with low placentation

With low placentation, if the placenta lies closer than 5 cm from the edge of the internal os of the uterus, and this is indicated by the second ultrasound screening, it is temporarily worth giving up intimate life and saving.

This is explained by the fact that in this position, the placenta is close to the cervix and rhythmic tremors, contraction and tension of the muscles of the uterus during orgasm can lead to the threat of placental abruption.

It is not worth the risk if, after 20-22 weeks, the placenta is low. Until that time, if there is no threat to pregnancy, sex is permissible, but only without sudden movements and deep penetration.

Let us remind once again that in 95% of cases the placenta takes its normal position without any problems.

You need to get enough sleep and stay calm and wear comfortable maternity clothes. Buy from Mom's Store:

comfortable

The low location of the placenta during pregnancy is a pathology that is observed in 15-20% of women in labor.

When the placenta is attached relative to the cervical pharynx at the level of 6 cm and below, then this location of the placenta during pregnancy is referred to as normal. Basically, this is detected during an ultrasound scan and does not carry any danger with it. If everything is normal by the end of pregnancy, the placenta rises higher.

Do not panic ahead of time, since in only five percent of women in labor, the low position of the placenta during pregnancy persists until the thirty-second week, while in only a third of them, the placenta remains in the same place at the thirty-seventh week.

If, after twenty-eight weeks of pregnancy, the placenta is still low, then in this case we are talking about placenta previa. Since in this case, the uterine pharynx, albeit partially, is overlapped by the placenta.

Low attachment of the placenta during pregnancy is detected presumably, only when the afterbirth is born, we can talk about the final diagnosis. In such cases, the distance from the edge where the membranes have ruptured to the placenta is no more than 7 centimeters. Doctors recommend examining the vagina with a speculum.

One of the reasons for placenta previa is postpartum and post-abortion uterine inflammation in the past, which led to a violation of the structure in the uterine lining, supplied with blood vessels, and the walls of the uterus, consisting of muscles and difficulties due to this implantation of a fertilized egg. The hardening of the egg (already fertilized) in the lower parts of the uterus is less likely to be the cause.

Bleeding occurs due to: the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall and the opening of the spaces between the villi, which occur due to uterine contractions, the inability of the placenta to follow the parts of the uterus that are moving. Bleeding during labor or pregnancy is the main symptom of placenta previa. Bleeding, as a rule, is typical for the lateral presentation and more often for the central presentation. Then, when the placenta is low during pregnancy, bleeding occurs in the middle and beginning of the erection period.

Treatment of placenta previa, including low-lying

The patient is sent to a hospital, where they provide rest and strictly monitor that she fulfills bed rest. At the same time, drugs are used that reduce the contractile activity of the uterus, as well as drugs that improve blood clotting, give no more than 500 mg per day of ascorbic acid. Blood transfusion is performed in order to prevent a drop in hemoglobin, regardless of the absence or presence of anemia. Even if the bleeding has stopped, the patient is not discharged from the hospital. Caesarean section is performed if the diagnosis of complete placenta previa is established and if bleeding recurs at the end of pregnancy. Opening the fetal bladder is effective in partial presentation. If the bleeding area remains uncompressed by the presenting part, even after opening the fetal bladder, doctors can use a labor induction device, which, when folded, is inserted behind the cervical os (internal) and filled with sterile fluid.

We hope that you have received sufficient information about the location of the placenta during pregnancy. Do not forget to consult and be monitored by your doctor.